96:
attempted to take possession of the tiny and fragmented estates belonging to the neighbouring
Imperial Knights through a combination of Surrender and Transfer Edicts (
172:
167:
to enforce his decision. Although
Francis was not practically able to reverse many of the annexations, the threat of force put a stop to the
295:
126:
152:
65:
164:
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171:. In 1806, with the end of the Empire, the formal mediatisation of the baronies was concluded. Article 25 of the
135:
110:
130:
93:
62:
In 1803, under the new political structures imposed by the final resolution of the Holy Roman Empire, the
85:
261:
Peter H. Wilson, "Bolstering the
Prestige of the Habsburgs: The End of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806",
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156:
77:
122:
89:
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44:
242:
Nobles and Nation in
Central Europe: Free Imperial Knights in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850
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52:
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48:
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76:
should have remain untouched, unlike the ecclesial prince-bishoprics which were
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late in 1803. Massenbach territory ultimately fell to Württemberg in May 1807.
129:, Leiningen and Bavaria each sent troops to occupy parts of the estates of the
109:
annexed by their larger neighbours. In the winter of 1803/1804 the
Princes of
235:
Reich and Nation: The Holy Roman Empire as Idea and
Reality, 1763–1806
228:
Kleine
Geschichte des Föderalismus: Vom Fürstenbund zur Bundesrepublik
105:
In autumn 1803 the majority of the roughly 300 knightly estates were
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followed suit. The annexing powers often had competing claims.
151:
and, in
January 1804, pronounced as illegal by Emperor
251:, Ausstellungskatalog, vol. 2. Thorbecke Verlag, 2003.
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sanctioned unilateral action by territorial states.
274:
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
223:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966.
143:The measures were denounced by the knights to the
230:. Verlag Ferd. Schöningh GmbH & Co. KG, 2010.
244:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
8:
144:
97:
71:
63:
21:
28:
258:, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, 2012,
247:Volker Himmelein and Hans Ulrich Rudolf.
202:
200:
198:
196:
173:Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine
183:
155:. The emperor empowered the states of
80:. But by the winter of 1802/1803, the
276:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2016.
7:
99:Abtretungs- und Überweisungspatente
221:The Genesis of German Conservatism
14:
256:Germany and the Holy Roman Empire
237:. Indiana University Press, 1980.
43:) was the illegal seizure of the
263:The International History Review
1:
66:Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
312:
249:Alte Klöster - Neue Herren
70:, the Imperial Knights (
296:19th century in Germany
131:Freiherr von Massenbach
16:Event in German history
145:
102:) and military force.
98:
72:
64:
22:
78:forcibly secularised
73:Reichsritterschaften
45:Imperially immediate
240:William D. Godsey.
233:John G. Gagliardo.
206:Whaley 2012, p. 626
190:Godsey 2004, p. 145
47:territories of the
269::4 (2006), 709–36.
165:Regensburg (Mainz)
82:territorial states
272:Peter H. Wilson.
53:Holy Roman Empire
303:
291:Imperial Knights
254:Joachim Whaley.
207:
204:
191:
188:
150:
139:
101:
75:
69:
57:Imperial Estates
49:Imperial Knights
42:
39:
36:
33:
30:
25:
311:
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306:
305:
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281:
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219:Klaus Epstein.
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127:Hesse-Darmstadt
40:
37:
34:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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59:in 1802–1804.
19:The so-called
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2:
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26:
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147:Reichshofrat
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106:
104:
90:Hesse-Kassel
61:
38:knight storm
20:
18:
169:Rittersturm
134: [
94:Württemberg
51:within the
23:Rittersturm
285:Categories
213:Literature
153:Francis II
119:Löwenstein
159:, Baden,
115:Hohenlohe
111:Leiningen
107:de facto
55:by some
157:Austria
86:Bavaria
32:
161:Saxony
179:Notes
138:]
123:Baden
163:and
117:and
92:and
29:lit.
84:of
287::
267:28
265:,
195:^
136:de
125:,
113:,
88:,
41:'
35:'
27:(
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