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major source of sustenance for their families. This has created issues in large cities such as AsunciĂłn, where poverty-stricken farmers from the country's interior have populated the river's banks in search of an easier lifestyle. Seasonal flooding of the river's banks sometimes forces many thousands of displaced residents to seek temporary shelter until the waters recede from their homes. The
Paraguayan military has been forced to dedicate land on one of its reserves in the capital to emergency housing for these displaced citizens. The river is a tourist attraction for its beauty.
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985:) is delayed 4–6 months compared to the peak of the rainy season due to the slow passage of water through the Pantanal wetlands. There are significant temperature variations depending on the season. During the low-water season, the water of the Paraguay River is relatively warm (typically above 27 °C or 81 °F) and clouded (
709:, about 1,095,000 square kilometres (423,000 sq mi), covers a vast area that includes major portions of Argentina, southern Brazil, parts of Bolivia, and most of the country of Paraguay. Unlike many of the other great rivers of the Rio de la Plata Basin, the Paraguay has not been dammed for
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The river is also a source of commerce in the form of fishing, and provides irrigation for agriculture along its route. As such it provides a way of life for a number of poor fishermen who live along its banks and make the majority of their income selling fish in local markets, as well as supplying a
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typically less than 32 cm or 13 in), but in the flood season it is colder (typically 18–26.3 °C or 64.4–79.3 °F) and clearer (Secchi depth typically 26–130 cm or 10–51 in). The upper part of the
Paraguay River is warmer than the lower and generally its temperature does
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of the
Paraguay would have a devastating impact on the Pantanal wetlands. An effort by the Rios Vivos coalition to educate people on the effects of the project was successful in delaying the project, and the nations involved agreed to reformulate their plan. The final plan is still uncertain, along
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Owing to its importance as a navigable waterway serving Brazil, Argentina, and
Paraguay, the river has been the focus of commercial and industrial development. In 1997, the governments of the nations of the La Plata Basin proposed a plan under the Hidrovia Inter-Governmental Commission agency to
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crop that the area has embraced. The plan entailed constructing more hydroelectric dams along some of the waterways, along with a massive effort to restructure the navigable waterways—most notably the
Paraguay River—through dredging of the waterway, rock removal and channel restructuring.
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region to the west, a largely uninhabited semi-arid region; and the eastern forested departments of the country, accounting for some 98% of the country's inhabitants. As such the river is considered perhaps the key geographical feature of the country with which it shares its name.
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Lammers, O., Moore, D. and
Preakle, K. (1994). Considering the Hidrovia: a preliminary report on the status of the proposed Paraguay/Parana waterway project. Working Paper 3. Berkeley, California: International Rivers Network,
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1065:. While flowing in different directions, the Paraguay, Guaporé and Mamoré all have their source in the same region in central South America. Among the species shared between these are the
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of southern Brazil, northern
Paraguay and parts of Bolivia. The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland and is largely dependent upon waters provided by the Paraguay River.
685:, the river forms the border with Argentina, flowing generally south-southwesterly for another 275 kilometres (171 mi) before it reaches its end, joining with the Paraná River.
1307:
Frutos, Poi de Neiff, and Neiff (2006). Zooplankton of the
Paraguay River : a comparison between sections and hydrological phases. Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 42(4): 277-288.
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of the
Paraguay River may reach up to 8.2. The typical pH of the Paraguay River is 5.8—7.4 in the upper part (defined as the section before the inflow of the first non-Pantanal
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The
Paraguay makes a long, gentle curve to the south-southeast before resuming a more south-southwesterly course, dividing the country of Paraguay into two distinct halves: the
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in terms of navigable length on the continent. This makes it an important shipping and trade corridor, providing a much-needed link to the Atlantic Ocean for the otherwise
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basin. The controversy over whether or not the project will have a disastrous effect on the local ecology, as well as the potential economic gains, continues to this day.
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Elhance, A. P. (1999). Hydropolitics in the 3rd World, Conflict and Cooperation in International River Basins. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
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From the city of Puerto Bahia Negra, Paraguay, the river forms the border between Paraguay and Brazil, flowing almost due south before the confluence with the
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Da Rosa, J. E. (1983). Economics, politics, and hydroelectric power: the Paraná River Basin. Latin American Research Review, VXVIII (3), pp. 77–107.
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Bascheck, B. and Hegglin, M. (2004). Plata/Paraná River Basin, A Case Study. Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology.
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Kulshreshtha, S.N. (1993). World Water Resources and Regional Vulnerability: Impact of Future Changes. RR-93-10, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
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1053:. Unsurprisingly many species in the river are essentially of Paraná River Basin origin, but the fauna also has a connection with two
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Gleick, P.H., ed. Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 13–24.
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develop the rivers into an industrial waterway system to help reduce the costs of exporting goods from the area, in particular the
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in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil. It follows a generally southwesterly course, passing through the Brazilian city of
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American University Trade and Environment data base. (1999). Hydrovia Canal Plan and Environment. Available online at
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and Paraguay rivers. For hundreds of years, this river has served as the main route of Paraguay to the outside world.
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The Paraguay River basin includes several distinctive habitats, ranging from very clear waters such as Rio da Prata (
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United Nations. (1978). Register of international rivers, Water Supply Management, 2 (1). New York: Pergamon Press.
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Some 400 kilometres (250 mi) after flowing through the middle of Paraguay, at the confluence with the
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not fall below 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), although some upper Paraguay tributaries may fall below this.
1570:"Case Study of Transboundary Dispute Resolution: the La Plata basin," Aaron T. Wolf and Joshua T. Newton
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Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (TFDD) (2007). Oregon State University. Available on-line at:
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10 lb/cu in) before the inflow of Bermejo, but rises to about 600 milligrams per litre (2.2
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Fraser, L.H., and P.A. Keddy (2005). The World's Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. p.213.
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The Paraguay River is the primary waterway of the 147,629-square-kilometre (57,000 sq mi)
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Since that time, the river has had its vitality and importance, but is used today for a convoy of
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power generation; for this reason it is navigable for a considerable distance, second only to the
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1,120,154 km (432,494 sq mi) 1,095,000 km (423,000 sq mi)
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The very clear waters of the Rio da Prata, part of the Paraguay River basin near
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nations of Paraguay and Bolivia. It serves such important cities as AsunciĂłn and
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1423:"Impulsan Puerto Busch para fortalecer la exportación por el Océano Atlántico"
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1041:(catfish). Several of these migrate up the Paraguay River to spawn, including
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10 lb/cu in) after. Directly after the inflow of Bermejo River, the
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with the effect it will have on the Pantanal and the ecology of the entire
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1429:. ASP-B (AdministraciĂłn de Servicios Portuarios - Bolivia). Archived from
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635:. It then turns in a generally southward direction, flowing through the
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Map of the Paraná River Basin, showing the Paraguay River in highlight.
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American University Trade and Environment data base (2004). Itaipu Dam.
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350:(Period of data: 1971-2010)4,696 m/s (165,800 cu ft/s)
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473:) is a major river in south-central South America, running through
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1343:. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 28 February 2013
1013:(behind) in Rio da Prata, part of the Paraguay River basin near
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The peak of the flood season in the Paraguay River (measured at
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The original inhabitants of the upper Paraguay River were the
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of the Paraguay River is about 100 milligrams per litre (3.6
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Drainage Plan Will Devastate S. American Rivers, Groups Say
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Estudo descobre 78 novas espécies de peixes no Rio Madeira.
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Deep water port on the River Paraguay in AsunciĂłn, Paraguay
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Varis, Olli; Tortajada, Cecilia; Biswas, Asit K. (2008).
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The Paraguay River was explored in the 16th century by
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with about 350 fish species, including more than 80
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The Paraguay River is the second major river of the
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1259:Paraguay river basin response to seasonal rainfall
1453:"Puerto Busch tendrá un proyecto de construcción"
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1033:. About 80% of the fish species in the river are
308:5,493.005 m/s (193,983.6 cu ft/s)
1578:National Geographic News article, July 31, 2003
1285:"Transboundary River Basin Overview – La Plata"
1412:Ultimosegundo.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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1489:(in Spanish). Antipode - Bolivia. 2022-11-22
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1211:Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes
1090:Paraguay River in the Amolar Mountains, in
805:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
551:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
310:4,550 m/s (161,000 cu ft/s)
1618:Rivers of Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)
869:Learn how and when to remove this message
705:, after the Paraná River. The Paraguay's
681:and passing the Paraguayan capital city,
615:Learn how and when to remove this message
1543:http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/
1517:http://www.american.edu/TED/hidrovia.htm
1239:"Balance hĂdrico en la Cuenca del Plata"
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950:in the upper part to the sediment-rich
27:River of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay
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1638:International rivers of South America
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1255:Pantanal and the Upper Paraguay Basin
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900:Studies indicated that the proposed
803:adding citations to reliable sources
549:adding citations to reliable sources
925:, Brazil, is rich in fish, such as
1166:Tributaries of the RĂo de la Plata
627:The Paraguay's source is south of
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978:) and 6.3—7.9 in the lower part.
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1337:Hales, J., and P. Petry (2013).
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1408:Ziegler, M.F. (29 April 2013).
1145:'s only sovereign exit to the
312:189 km/a (6,000 m/s)
214: • coordinates
139: • coordinates
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265:2,695 km (1,675 mi)
106:Physical characteristics
1608:Rivers of Mato Grosso do Sul
661:The Paraguay-Bolivia-Brazil
253: • elevation
178: • elevation
48:View of Paraguay River near
1360:Hyphessobrycon megalopterus
1050:Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
497:to its confluence with the
334: • location
291: • location
204: • location
126: • location
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1658:Lowest points of countries
1623:Rivers of Formosa Province
1110:The Paraguay River around
346: • average
304: • average
182:434 m (1,424 ft)
36:Rio Paraguai, RĂo Paraguay
1633:Argentina–Paraguay border
1214:. Springer. p. 271.
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1398:. February 2013 version.
1384:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1370:. February 2013 version.
1356:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1037:(tetras and allies) and
419: • right
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257:50 m (160 ft)
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1006:(foreground) and four
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639:wetlands, the city of
1603:Rivers of Mato Grosso
1565:at Wikimedia Commons
1388:Salminus brasiliensis
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913:Water characteristics
703:Rio de la Plata Basin
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1487:antipode-bolivia.com
1139:Southeastern Bolivia
1044:Prochilodus lineatus
935:Prochilodus lineatus
799:improve this section
545:improve this section
1598:Rivers of Argentina
1194:GEOnet Names Server
1067:black phantom tetra
1021:The Paraguay River
767:Wetland controversy
359:Basin features
232: /
208:Argentina, Paraguay
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1613:Rivers of Paraguay
1457:www.webpicking.com
1096:Mato Grosso do Sul
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1561:Media related to
1221:978-3-540-74926-4
1171:Gran Chaco people
1161:Paraguayan jaguar
902:river engineering
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236:27.300°S 58.633°W
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1071:golden dorado
1068:
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1004:golden dorado
1000:
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949:
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859:November 2022
851:
848:
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827:
823:
820: –
819:
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814:Find sources:
808:
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794:
793:
789:
784:This section
782:
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766:
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711:hydroelectric
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605:November 2022
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566: –
565:
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560:Find sources:
554:
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540:
539:
535:
530:This section
528:
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432:Bermejo River
429:
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401:
400:Miranda River
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131:Alto Paraguai
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1563:RĂo Paraguay
1555:
1505:Bibliography
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1456:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1417:
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1387:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1348:
1338:
1312:
1279:
1265:
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1190:RĂo Paraguay
1185:
1135:Puerto Busch
1057:rivers, the
1048:
1042:
1035:characiforms
1020:
1007:
987:Secchi depth
980:
941:
933:
926:
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890:
880:
865:
856:
846:
839:
832:
825:
813:
797:Please help
785:
758:
747:
740:
731:
715:Amazon River
700:
676:
668:
649:
626:
611:
602:
592:
585:
578:
571:
559:
543:Please help
531:
499:Paraná River
466:RĂo Paraguay
465:
464:
456:Rio Paraguai
455:
454:
445:
444:
440:
438:
404:Cuiabá River
368:Paraná River
309:
197:Paraná River
1039:siluriforms
507:Resistencia
495:Mato Grosso
424:Jauru River
382:Tributaries
364:Progression
239: /
164: /
1587:Categories
1493:2022-11-22
1177:References
1025:has high
829:newspapers
723:ConcepciĂłn
719:landlocked
671:Gran Chaco
629:Diamantino
575:newspapers
503:Corrientes
461:Portuguese
270:Basin size
152:56°30′07″W
149:14°37′37″S
52:, Paraguay
1055:Amazonian
1023:ecoregion
976:Apa River
972:tributary
786:does not
652:Apa River
532:does not
501:north of
487:Argentina
408:Apa River
396:Rio Negro
325:Discharge
282:Discharge
92:Argentina
75:Countries
50:Antequera
1395:FishBase
1367:FishBase
1340:Paraguay
1155:See also
1098:, Brazil
1031:endemics
1017:, Brazil
886:wetlands
883:Pantanal
683:AsunciĂłn
663:tripoint
637:Pantanal
483:Paraguay
133:, Brazil
82:Paraguay
70:Location
1467:7 April
1437:7 April
1273:. 2020.
1143:Bolivia
1116:Formosa
1092:Corumbá
1077:Gallery
1059:Guaporé
1011:hilarii
983:Corumbá
946:) near
930:hilarii
894:soybean
843:scholar
807:removed
792:sources
737:History
727:Formosa
641:Corumbá
633:Cáceres
589:scholar
553:removed
538:sources
479:Bolivia
471:Spanish
451:Guarani
227:58°38′W
224:27°18′S
97:Bolivia
1320:
1218:
1063:Mamoré
1015:Bonito
1009:Brycon
974:, the
948:Bonito
938:(dark)
928:Brycon
923:Bonito
845:
838:
831:
824:
816:
761:barges
754:Paraná
591:
584:
577:
570:
562:
513:Course
475:Brazil
385:
328:
297:Parana
285:
262:Length
115:Source
87:Brazil
1538:July.
1288:(PDF)
1147:ocean
1141:, is
1120:Chaco
994:Fauna
850:JSTOR
836:books
596:JSTOR
582:books
192:Mouth
1469:2022
1439:2022
1318:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1118:and
1061:and
1047:and
822:news
790:any
788:cite
689:Uses
665:map.
568:news
536:any
534:cite
505:and
485:and
439:The
1192:at
801:by
547:by
493:of
469:in
459:in
449:in
1589::
1485:.
1455:.
1425:.
1392:.
1364:.
1328:^
1296:^
1257:,
1247:^
1230:^
1200:^
1094:,
1002:A
968:pH
944:pt
763:.
745:.
654:.
647:.
509:.
481:,
477:,
463:,
453:,
430:,
426:,
410:,
406:,
402:,
398:,
374:→
370:→
1519:.
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1471:.
1441:.
1390:"
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1358:"
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964:Ă—
960:Ă—
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866:(
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857:(
847:·
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795:.
618:)
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603:(
593:·
586:·
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541:.
443:(
20:)
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