Zambezi - Knowledge (XXG)

59: 1888: 2054: 1855: 1843: 1831: 1058: 2499: 2973: 1154: 2185: 2549: 2421: 2751: 1896: 958:, where the river flows through a rocky fissure. The river drops about 400 m (1,300 ft) in elevation from its source at 1,500 m (4,900 ft) to the Chavuma Falls at 1,100 m (3,600 ft), over a distance of about 400 km (250 mi). From this point to the Victoria Falls, the level of the basin is very uniform, dropping only by another 180 m (590 ft) across a distance of around 800 km (500 mi). 839: 1122:, 320 kilometres (200 mi) from its mouth, is the river confined between high hills. Here, it is scarcely 200 metres (660 ft) wide. Elsewhere it is from 5 to 8 kilometres (3 to 5 mi) wide, flowing gently in many streams. The river bed is sandy, and the banks are low and reed-fringed. At places, however, and especially in the rainy season, the streams unite into one broad, fast-flowing river. 1608: 1616: 1819: 3994: 2301: 2313:"The River Cuama is by them called Zambeze; the head whereof is so farre within Land that none of them know it, but by tradition of their Progenitors say it comes from a Lake in the midst of the continent which yeelds also other great Rivers, divers ways visiting the Sea. They call it Zambeze, of a Nation of Cafres dwelling neere that Lake which are so called." —J. Santos 2687: 2386:, which he says means "large river or river par excellence". Livingstone records other names for the Zambezi—Luambeji, Luambesi, Ambezi, Ojimbesi, and Zambesi—applied by different peoples along its course, and asserts they "all possess a similar signification and express the native idea of this magnificent stream being the main drain of the country". 71: 2863:

As of 2017, the situation of overfishing in the upper Zambezi and its tributaries was considered dire, in part because of weak enforcement of the respective fisheries acts and regulations. The fish stocks of Lake Liambezi in the eastern Caprivi Strip were found to be depleted, and surveys indicated a

2566:

In the 1930s and 40s, a paddle-barge service operated on the stretch between the Katombora Rapids, about 50 km (31 mi) upstream from Livingstone, and the rapids just upstream from Katima Mulilo. Depending on the water level, boats could be paddled through—Lozi paddlers, a dozen or more in a

2535:

The river valley is rich in mineral deposits and fossil fuels, and coal mining is important in places. The dams along its length also provide employment for many people near them, in maintaining the hydroelectric power stations and the dams themselves. Several parts of the river are also very popular

2515:

Communities by the river fish it extensively, and many people travel from far afield to fish. Some Zambian towns on roads leading to the river levy unofficial "fish taxes" on people taking Zambezi fish to other parts of the country. Game fishing, as well as fishing for food, is a significant activity

2823:

was to cover parts of Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana, including the Okavango Delta in Botswana and Victoria Falls. Funding was boosted for cross-border conservation along the Zambezi in 2008. The project received a grant of €8 million from a German nongovernmental organisation. Part

1561:

The delta of the Zambezi is today about half as broad as it was before the construction of the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams controlled the seasonal variations in the flow rate of the river. Before the dams were built, seasonal flooding of the Zambezi had quite a different impact on the ecosystems of

2456:

in 1511 and again in 1513, with the objective of reporting on commercial conditions and activities of the interior of Central Africa. The final report of these explorations revealed the importance of the ports of the upper Zambezi to the local trade system, in particular to East African gold trade.

1101:

rivers are the two largest left-hand tributaries of the Zambezi. The Kafue joins the main river in a quiet, deep stream about 180 m (590 ft) wide. From this point, the northward bend of the Zambezi is checked, and the stream continues due east. At the confluence of the Luangwa (15°37' S),

2802:

The construction of two major dams regulating the flow of the river has had a major effect on wildlife and human populations in the lower Zambezi region. When the Cahora Bassa Dam was completed in 1973, its managers allowed it to fill in a single flood season, going against recommendations to fill

1657:

Although the dams have stemmed some of the annual flooding of the lower Zambezi and caused the area of floodplain to be greatly reduced, they have not removed flooding completely. They cannot control extreme floods, and they have only made medium-level floods less frequent. When heavy rain in the

1569:

The discharges of these systems contribute to a much larger flood in March or April, with a mean monthly maximum for April of 6,700 m (240,000 cu ft) per second at the delta. The record flood was more than three times as big, 22,500 m (790,000 cu ft) per second being

2175:

Because of the rainfall distribution, northern tributaries contribute much more water than southern ones; for example: The Northern Highlands catchment of the upper Zambezi contributes 25%, Kafue 8%, Luangwa and Shire Rivers 16% each, total 65% of Zambezi discharge. The large Cuando basin in the

2321:

Thus, the term "Zambezi" is after a people who live by a great lake to the north. The most likely candidates are the "M'biza", or Bisa people (in older texts given as Muisa, Movisa, Abisa, Ambios, and other variations), a Bantu people who live in what is now central-eastern Zambia, between the

2264:

or Quá-Qua, a small river on the northern end of the delta, which at that time was connected by navigable channels to the Zambezi River proper (the connection silted up by the 1830s). In a few of the oldest maps, the entire river is denoted as such. By the 16th century, a new name emerged, the

1573:

In the 1960s and 1970s, the building of dams changed that pattern completely. Downstream, the mean monthly minimum–maximum was 500 to 6,000 m (18,000 to 212,000 cu ft) per second; now it is 1,000 to 3,900 m (35,000 to 138,000 cu ft) per second. Medium-level floods

2238:

Eventually, the large lake trapped at Makgadikgadi (or a tributary of it) was captured by the middle Zambezi cutting back towards it, and emptied eastwards. The upper Zambezi was captured, as well. The middle Zambezi was about 300 m (980 ft) lower than the upper Zambezi, and a high

997:

About 30 km below the confluence of the Lungwebungu, the country becomes very flat, and the typical Barotse Floodplain landscape unfolds, with the flood reaching a width of 25 km in the rainy season. For more than 200 km downstream, the annual flood cycle dominates the natural

2377:

However, the Bisa-derived etymology is not without dispute. In 1845, W.D. Cooley, examining Pereira's notes, concluded the term "Zambezi" derives not from the Bisa people, but rather from the Bantu term "mbege"/"mbeze" ("fish"), and consequently it probably means merely "river of fish".

1117:

The lower Zambezi's 650 kilometres (400 mi) from Cahora Bassa to the Indian Ocean is navigable, although the river is shallow in many places during the dry season. This shallowness arises as the river enters a broad valley and spreads out over a large area. Only at one point, the

2337:

In a curious note, Goese-born Portuguese trader Manuel Caetano Pereira, who traveled to the Bisa homelands in 1796, was surprised to be shown a second, separate river referred to as the "Zambezi". This "other Zambezi" that puzzled Pereira is most likely what modern sources spell the

2353:

was "Lake Zambre" (probably a corruption of "Zambezi"), possibly because Lake Malawi is connected to the lower Zambezi via the Shire River. The Monomatapa story resonated with the old European notion, drawn from classical antiquity, that all the great African rivers—the Nile, the

2176:

south-west, though, contributes only about 2 m/s because most is lost through evaporation in its swamp systems. The 1940s and 1950s were particularly wet decades in the basin. Since 1975, it has been drier, the average discharge being only 70% of that for the years 1930 to 1958.

2494:

In 1889, the Chinde channel north of the main mouths of the river was seen. Two expeditions led by Major A. St Hill Gibbons in 1895 to 1896 and 1898 to 1900 continued the work of exploration begun by Livingstone in the upper basin and central course of the river.

1073:

20 to 60 m (66 to 197 ft) apart in hills 200 to 250 m (660 to 820 ft) high. The river flows swiftly through the Batoka Gorge, the current being continually interrupted by reefs. It has been described as one of the world's most spectacular

4244: 1048:

and the Zambezi, the river bends almost due east. Here, the river is broad and shallow and flows slowly, but as it flows eastward towards the border of the great central plateau of Africa, it reaches a chasm into which the Victoria Falls plunge.

2273:

for an outpost located on one of the southerly islands of the delta (near the Luabo channel). Most old nautical maps denote the Luabo entry as Cuama, the entire delta as the "rivers of Cuama", and the Zambezi proper as the "Cuama River".

1145:

mouth, has a minimum depth at low water of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) at the entrance and 4 metres (13 ft) further in, and is the branch used for navigation. About 100 kilometres (62 mi) further north is a river called the

2896:

ulcerative syndrome (EUS) killed hundreds of sore-covered fish in the river. Zambia agriculture minister Ben Kapita asked experts to investigate the outbreak to probe the cause to find out if the disease can be transmitted to humans.

3022:"Richard Beilfuss & David dos Santos: Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Monogram for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley (2001). Estimated mean flow rate 3424 m³/s" 1873:

The north of the Zambezi basin has mean annual rainfall of 1100 to 1400 mm, which declines towards the south, reaching about half that figure in the south-west. The rain falls in a 4-to-6-month summer rainy season when the

1658:

lower Zambezi combines with significant runoff upstream, massive floods still happen, and the wetlands are still an important habitat. The shrinking of the wetlands, though, resulted in uncontrolled hunting of animals such as

1078:

trips, a tremendous challenge for kayakers and rafters alike. Beyond the gorge are a succession of rapids that end 240 km (150 mi) below Victoria Falls. Over this distance, the river drops 250 m (820 ft).

1878:

moves over the basin from the north between October and March. Evaporation rates are high (1600 mm-2300 mm), and much water is lost this way in swamps and floodplains, especially in the south-west of the basin.

2511:

The population of the Zambezi River Valley is estimated to be about 32 million. About 80% of the population of the valley is dependent on agriculture, and the upper river's floodplains provide good agricultural land.

3912:

W.D. Cooley (1845) "The Geography of N'yassi, or the Great Lake of Southern Africa, investigated, with an account of the overland route from the Quanza in Angola to the Zambezi in the government of Mozambique",

1068:

The Victoria Falls are considered the boundary between the upper and middle Zambezi. Below them, the river continues to flow due east for about 200 km (120 mi), cutting through perpendicular walls of

2803:

over at least two years. The drastic reduction in the flow of the river led to a 40% reduction in the coverage of mangroves, greatly increased erosion of the coastal region and a 60% reduction in the catch of

4236: 2883:

conservancy area was declared a fisheries reserve. The Namibian ministry also promotes aquaculture and plans to distribute thousands of fingerlings to registered small-scale fish farmers of the region.

1854: 2567:

boat, could deal with most of them—or they could be pulled along the shore or carried around the rapids, and teams of oxen pulled barges 5 km (3.1 mi) over land around the Ngonye Falls.

2559:

The river is frequently interrupted by rapids, so has never been an important long-distance transport route. David Livingstone's Zambezi expedition attempted to open up the river to navigation by

1562:

the delta from today, as it brought nutrient-rich fresh water down to the Indian Ocean coastal wetlands. The lower Zambezi experienced a small flood surge early in the dry season as rain in the

2811:

and associated nutrients. Wetland ecosystems downstream of the dam shrank considerably. Wildlife in the delta was further threatened by uncontrolled hunting during the civil war in Mozambique.

1036:

After Lealui, the river turns south-southeast. From the east, it continues to receive numerous small streams, but on the west, it is without major tributaries for 240 km. Before this, the

2389:

Other historical records show that the river was called Kasambabezi by the Tonga people, which means “only those who know the river can bath in it.” a name which is still in use to this day.

1029:, which is on high ground and serves as the capital during the rainy season. The annual move from Lealui to Limulunga is a major event, celebrated as one of Zambia's best-known festivals, the 2358:, the Congo, and the Zambezi—were all sourced from the same great internal lake. The Portuguese were also told that the Mozambican Espirito Santo "river" (actually an estuary formed by the 1566:

catchment and north-eastern Zimbabwe rushed through while rain in the upper Zambezi, Kafue, and Lake Malawi basins, and Luangwa to a lesser extent, is held back by swamps and floodplains.

1002:, which with its tributaries drains a large area to the west, joins the Zambezi. A short distance higher up on the east, the main stream is joined in the rainy season by overflow of the 2239:

waterfall formed at the edge of the basalt plateau across which the upper river flows. This was the first Victoria Falls, somewhere down the Batoka Gorge near where Lake Kariba is now.

1842: 3067:"Développer les Compétences pour mieux Gérer l'Eau: Fleuves Transfrontaliers Africains: Bilan Global." (2002). Estimated annual discharge 106 km, equal to mean flow rate 3360 m/s 4219: 2598:, a 1,005 meter long concrete/steel road bridge including 38.5 km of embanked highway through Barotse Floodplain constructed between 2011 and 2016. It is an extension of the 2464:

between 1851 and 1853. Two or three years later, he descended the Zambezi to its mouth and in the course of this journey found the Victoria Falls. During 1858–60, accompanied by

3750: 4580: 3424:"An Overview of the Impacts of Mining and Mineral Processing Operations on Water Resources and Water Quality in the Zambezi, Limpopo AND Olifant Catchments in Southern Africa" 2820: 1090:. The lake is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, and the hydroelectric power-generating facilities at the dam provide electricity to much of Zambia and Zimbabwe. 4685:, report for the Biodiversity Foundation for Africa for the IUCN - Regional Office for Southern Africa: Zambezi Basin Wetlands Conservation and Resource Utilisation Project. 892:(the main branch of the upper Congo) from the Zambezi. In the neighborhood of the source, the watershed is not as clearly defined, but the two river systems do not connect. 4753: 2483:

traveled over the height of land between the watersheds of the Zambezi and the Congo and identified the source of the Zambezi. He considered that the nearby high and cool

4639: 2872:) and commercially minded individuals, exploited the resources to the detriment of local markets and the communities whose culture and economy depend on these resources. 1830: 3021: 3529: 919:, where they are associated with extensive seams of coal. Coal is also found in the district just below Victoria Falls. Gold-bearing rocks occur in several places. 4976: 2879:

nets and imposed a closing period of about 3 months every year to allow the fish to breed. They also appointed village fish guards and the Kayasa Channel in the

2824:

of the funds are to be used for research in areas covered by the project. However, Angola has warned that landmines from their civil war may impede the project.

4170: 3830: 5373: 4799: 4015: 2865: 2468:, Livingstone ascended the river by the Kongone mouth as far as the falls, and also traced the course of its tributary the Shire and reached Lake Malawi. 5168: 4844: 2223:

eroded a deep valley on its western escarpment. At a slow rate, the middle Zambezi started cutting back the bed of its river towards the west, aided by

3645: 3344: 888:

is a well-marked belt of high ground, running nearly east–west and falling abruptly to the north and south. This distinctly cuts off the basin of the

3086: 5678: 4386: 3107: 58: 5653: 3896:"Notícias dadas por Manoel Caetano Pereira, comerciante, que se entranhou pelo interior da África", as published in José Acúrsio das Neves (1830) 994:, the most notable feature of the upper Zambezi, but this northern part does not flood so much and includes islands of higher land in the middle. 4416: 3263: 1627:

The Zambezi Delta has extensive seasonally and permanently flooded grasslands, savannas, and swamp forests. Together with the floodplains of the

4661: 2738:. Above Mongu in years following poor rainy seasons, the river can be forded at one or two places. In tourist areas, such as Victoria Falls and 1887: 4695:

Davies B.R., Beilfuss R., Thoms M.C. (2000), "Cahora Bassa retrospective, 1974–1997: effects of flow regulation on the Lower Zambezi River,"

4097: 3955: 4487: 3143: 5688: 5648: 1574:

especially, of the kind to which the ecology of the lower Zambezi was adapted, happen less often and have a shorter duration. As with the

4217: 5698: 4056: 3374: 2297:(Bantu languages frequently shifts between z and r) and inquired into the origins of the name; he was told it was named after a people. 1570:

recorded in 1958. By contrast, the discharge at the end of the dry season averaged just 500 m (18,000 cu ft) per second.

5663: 2570:

Road, rail, and other crossings of the river, once few and far between, are proliferating. They are, in order from the river's source:

2374:). As a result, several old maps depict the Zambezi and the "Espirito Santo" Rivers converging deep in the interior, at the same lake. 1109:, formerly the site of dangerous rapids known as Kebrabassa; the lake was created in 1974 by the construction of the Cahora Bassa Dam. 4969: 4807: 4006: 3747: 2345:

The Monomatapa notion (reported by Santos) that the Zambezi was sourced from a great internal lake might be a reference to one of the

4741: 3679: 3592: 4718: 4124: 4039: 3655: 3498: 3468: 3203: 1644: 1602: 4817: 2475:

examined some of the western tributaries of the river and made measurements of the Victoria Falls in 1878. In 1884, Scottish-born

5366: 3809: 3060: 2852: 2382:, who reached the upper Zambezi in 1853, refers to it as "Zambesi", but also makes note of the local name "Leeambye" used by the 950:

also occur. Where it re-enters Zambia, it is nearly 400 m (1,300 ft) wide in the rainy season and flows rapidly, with

2053: 431:(Period: 1971–2000)4,296.5 m/s (151,730 cu ft/s) (Period: 1962–2002)4,134.7 m/s (146,020 cu ft/s) 4631: 3622: 5161: 4837: 1946:

The Zambezi also supports several hundred species of fish, some of which are endemic to the river. Important species include

1875: 966: 940: 866: 158: 3233: 3173: 1150:, after the town at its mouth. This stream, which is silting up, receives the overflow of the Zambezi in the rainy season. 343: 5628: 4962: 4761: 3028: 3521: 1673:

Although the region has had a reduction in the populations of the large mammals, it is still home to some, including the

813:. Additionally, two smaller power stations are along the Zambezi River in Zambia, one at Victoria Falls and the other in 4997: 4985: 2840: 947: 4344: 895:

The region drained by the Zambezi is a vast, broken-edged plateau 900–1,200 m high, composed in the remote interior of

5693: 5658: 5633: 5359: 2832: 2828: 2691: 2536:

tourist destinations. Victoria Falls receives over 100,000 visitors annually, with 141,929 visitors reported in 2015.

2905:

Along much of the river's length, the population is sparse, but important towns and cities along its course include:

4162: 3827: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 5668: 5394: 5382: 4576: 3767: 3434: 1640: 4554: 2640: 5673: 5623: 5154: 4830: 4354: 3945: 3757:

Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley (2001)

3101:"The Zambezi River Basin - A Multi Sector Investment Opportunities - Volume 4-Modelling, Analysis and Input Data" 2876: 2488: 2461: 4316: 4141: 1057: 261: 176: 5177: 4865: 4853: 2937: 2848: 2844: 2537: 2498: 2472: 1951: 733: 31: 3322: 2487:

was a particularly suitable place for a mission. Arnot was accompanied by Portuguese trader and army officer

1025:

in the Western Province. The chief of the Lozi maintains one of his two compounds at Lealui; the other is at

927:

The river flows to the southwest into Angola for about 240 km (150 mi), then is joined by sizeable

5005: 4775: 3772: 2480: 1628: 3352: 2408:, but common usage of "Zambezi" led eventually to a royal decree in 1858 officially renaming the district " 1818: 5683: 5643: 5638: 5527: 5522: 4193: 3748:

Richard Beilfuss & David dos Santos: Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique.

2460:

The first recorded exploration of the upper Zambezi was made by David Livingstone in his exploration from

1651: 498:(Period: 1998–2022)11,291 m/s (398,700 cu ft/s) 18,600 m/s (660,000 cu ft/s) 4394: 2599: 5306: 3100: 2986: 2836: 2668: 2660: 2553: 2405: 2305: 2184: 239: 4771: 2548: 1040:

and subsequent rapids interrupt navigation. South of Ngonye Falls, the river briefly borders Namibia's

4424: 3255: 2172:

is not included in the figures because it only occasionally overflows to any extent into the Zambezi.

5326: 4665: 3781: 2730:

A number of small ferries cross the river in Angola, western Zambia, and Mozambique, notably between

2628: 2465: 2209: 1667: 1007: 2778:

in all the major cities of the region release untreated sewage into the river. This has resulted in

2663:(road and rail), the first to be built, completed in April 1905 and initially intended as a link in 2420: 488:(Period: 1998–2022)1,378 m/s (48,700 cu ft/s) 920 m/s (32,000 cu ft/s) 5552: 5316: 5235: 5120: 4923: 4448:"Talking dirty - effluent and sewage irreverence in South Africa: A conservation crime perspective" 2915: 2750: 2521: 2453: 2346: 2028: 1996: 1754: 1738: 1714: 1636: 1075: 932: 874: 680: 5110: 3931: 3887:

The connection between Santos/Monomatapa "Zambezi" and the "M'biza" is suggested in Cooley (1845).

2528:

lodges cater to tourists who want to fish for exotic species, and many also catch fish to sell to

1003: 4546: 4538: 4479: 3139: 2392:

In Portuguese records, the "Cuama River" term disappeared and gave way to the term "Sena River" (

1928: 991: 3723: 2444:, were generally accurate in early maps. These were probably constructed from Arab information. 2290: 1153: 1931:

present in large numbers. Riverine woodland also supports many large animals, such as buffalo,

5280: 5207: 5080: 4928: 4714: 4530: 4120: 4093: 4035: 3951: 3901: 3876: 3851: 3651: 2947: 2754: 2614: 2476: 2433: 2409: 2379: 2286: 2278: 2216: 2008: 1895: 987: 862: 822: 684: 324: 154: 4291: 4114: 4087: 4064: 3898:

Considerações Políticas e Comerciais sobre os Descobrimentos e Possessões na África e na Ásia

3382: 5331: 4522: 4459: 3999:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

3789: 3564: 3298: 2951: 2723: 2711: 2675: 2654: 2471:

For the next 35 years, very little exploration of the river took place. Portuguese explorer

2327: 2269:

River (sometimes "Quama" or "Zuama"). Cuama was the local name given by the dwellers of the

2201: 1940: 1730: 1722: 1615: 1575: 939:, with extreme width variation between the dry and rainy seasons. It enters dense evergreen 916: 896: 806: 798: 524: 4804: 2215:

Meanwhile, 1,000 km (620 mi) east, a western tributary of the Shire River in the

5597: 5512: 5507: 5492: 5467: 5462: 5432: 5422: 5321: 5311: 5285: 5197: 5090: 4913: 4873: 4811: 4765: 4348: 4223: 3834: 3754: 3671: 3584: 3064: 2775: 2717: 2705: 2699: 2584: 2529: 2339: 2331: 2200:(more than two million years ago), the upper Zambezi flowed south through what is now the 2021: 1924: 1659: 999: 935:

and the Chifumage flowing from highlands to the north-west. It turns south and develops a

688: 328: 243: 3490: 3460: 3195: 2062:(Middle section by itself: 542,800 km, discharges 1398 m/s (C. Bassa–Victoria Falls) 4602: 3785: 3553:"Figure 1: Map showing location of Luangwa Valley and Greater Kafue Ecosystem in Zambia" 1907:

are abundant along most of the calm stretches of the river, as well as Nile crocodiles.

5567: 5532: 5407: 5217: 5070: 5045: 5035: 5015: 4933: 3868: 2779: 2610: 2560: 2425: 2323: 2232: 2169: 2048:

Middle Zambezi cumulatively 1,050,000 km, 2442 m/s, measured at Cahora Bassa Gorge

1908: 1860:

This detailed true-colour image shows the stark eastern edge of the Zambezi floodplain.

1765: 1061: 838: 779: 744: 630: 602: 3057: 2782:

of the river water and has facilitated the spread of diseases of poor hygiene such as

5617: 5582: 5557: 5537: 5497: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5452: 5442: 5437: 5275: 5265: 5260: 5212: 5202: 5095: 5075: 5065: 5040: 5030: 5025: 4818:

The Nature Conservancy's Great Rivers Partnership works to conserve the Zambezi River

4683:

Wattled Cranes, Waterbirds, and Wetland Conservation in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique

4550: 4089:

Friends for life, friends for death: cohorts and consciousness among the Lunda-Ndembu

4010: 4000: 2978: 2909: 2355: 2270: 2253: 2205: 2158: 2110: 2104: 2082: 2038: 2002: 1746: 1706: 1137:. Each of the primary distributaries, Kongone, Luabo, and Timbwe, is obstructed by a 1125:

About 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the sea, the Zambezi receives the drainage of

1094: 1041: 998:

environment and human life, society, and culture. About 80 km further down, the

962: 955: 889: 885: 843: 783: 739:

in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the

704: 700: 664: 656: 636: 3828:

AWF Four Corners Biodiversity Information Package No 2: Summary of Technical Reviews

3140:"River Discharge and Reservoir Storage Changes Using Satellite Microwave Radiometry" 5577: 5572: 5562: 5542: 5457: 5447: 5427: 5336: 5115: 5105: 5100: 5085: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5020: 5010: 4938: 4918: 4903: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4704:

The effect of drought on the large mammal populations of Zambezi riverine woodlands

4266: 3807:

Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa".

3793: 3614: 2664: 2606: 2397: 2363: 2076: 2034: 1904: 1781: 1773: 1678: 1632: 1607: 1142: 1119: 1106: 1045: 1037: 900: 810: 787: 747:

covers 1,390,000 km (540,000 sq mi), slightly less than half of the

740: 708: 419: 312: 4692:, ETH Seminar: Science and Politics of International Freshwater Management 2003/04 4464: 4447: 3704: 1974:

Upper Zambezi: 507,200 km, discharges 1044 m/s at Victoria Falls, comprising:

4194:"12 Things You Didn't Know About the Economy of the Zambezi River - Page 4 of 14" 3225: 3165: 1958:

is sometimes known as the Zambezi shark after the river, not to be mistaken with

5592: 5587: 5547: 5517: 5502: 5417: 5412: 5402: 5270: 5189: 5130: 5125: 4908: 4898: 4878: 3569: 3552: 3303: 3286: 2991: 2484: 2441: 2383: 2367: 2350: 2228: 2212:

that lifted up the surface at the present-day water divide between both rivers.

2197: 2144: 2140: 2134: 2095: 2091:

Kariba Gorge to C. Bassa catchment, 386200 km, 1166 m/s (C. Bassa–Kariba Gorge):

2070: 1959: 1620: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1098: 1083: 1022: 1018: 881: 818: 696: 692: 668: 660: 307: 4758: 4511:"Toward a Social and Environmental History of the Building of Cahora Bassa Dam" 4226:

Republic of Zambia Ministry of Tourism and Arts 2015 Tourism Statistical Digest

915:, crop out on the bed of the river in the dry season, and these persist beyond 5227: 4989: 2968: 2941: 2739: 2648: 2437: 2396:), a reference to the Swahili (and later Portuguese) upriver trade station at 2371: 2308:, dated 1635, shows the course of the Zambezi, and its source in a great lake. 2193: 2099: 1955: 1802: 1087: 983: 936: 858: 802: 772: 563: 461: 122: 4534: 4019:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 951–953. 2121:

Lower Zambezi cumulatively, 1,378,000 km, 3424 m/s, measured at Marromeu

358: 345: 276: 263: 191: 178: 17: 4341: 3947:

Harnessing Cultural Capital for Sustainability: A Pan Africanist Perspective

2893: 2791: 2771: 2580: 2449: 2300: 2261: 1792:), and three other snakes that are nearly endemic - floodplain water snake ( 1663: 1647: 1582:

Fish, bird, and other wildlife feeding and breeding patterns were disrupted.

1147: 1026: 928: 912: 908: 870: 814: 4317:"David Livingstone - Zambezi Expedition, Missionary, Explorer | Britannica" 3058:

International Network of Basin Organisations/Office International de L'eau:

2334:). The Bisa had a reputation as great cloth traders throughout the region. 2017:

Central Plains catchment, 284,630 km, 196 m/s (Victoria Falls–Lukulu):

973:

through which the river flows gives way to a wide floodplain, studded with

63:

The Zambezi River at the junction of Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana

2686: 2330:

invasion, the Bisa would have likely stretched further north, possibly to

5386: 4730:

H. C. N. Ridley: "Early History of Road Transport in Northern Rhodesia",

3433:. Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project, Southern Africa. 2880: 2869: 2767: 2679: 2359: 1726: 1674: 1650:

in Mozambique. The flooded savannas lie close to the Indian Ocean coast.

1167: 1030: 979: 975: 904: 873:. The area around the source is a national monument, forest reserve, and 768: 764: 457: 117: 112: 3423: 2447:

The first European to visit the inland Zambezi River was the Portuguese

2127:(Lower section by itself: 328,000 km, 982 m/s (Marromeu–C. Bassa)) 5487: 4954: 4542: 4510: 2957: 2931: 2927: 2783: 2757:

in Mozambique, one of the river's major sources of hydroelectric energy

2636: 2632: 2622: 2618: 2574: 1947: 1936: 1916: 1698: 1690: 1586: 970: 760: 107: 4526: 3971: 3285:

Pasanisi, Francesco; Tebano, Carlo; Zarlenga, Francesco (March 2016).

2577:

road bridge, Angola, bombed in the civil war and not yet reconstructed

2107:: 151,400 km, 547 m/s, Luangwa Rift Valley & plateau NW of it 5351: 5181: 4857: 3522:"Is rafting on the Zambezi River below The Victoria Falls Dangerous?" 2923: 2787: 2735: 2644: 2595: 2525: 2224: 2220: 1990: 1982: 1911:

are found in many places. Birds are abundant, with species including

1848:

Water is black in this false-colour image of the Zambezi flood plain.

1563: 1070: 1014: 951: 854: 756: 752: 247: 162: 102: 97: 2587:, a 300 m (980 ft) footbridge built as a community project 2066:

Gwembe Catchment, 156,600 km, 232 m/s (Kariba Gorge–Vic Falls):

1950:, which are fished heavily for food, as well as catfish, tigerfish, 1013:

A short distance downstream of the confluence with the Luanginga is

5146: 4822: 3318: 1721:). The floodplains are a haven for migratory waterbirds, including 1578:'s deleterious effects on the Kafue Flats, this has these effects: 70: 2919: 2804: 2749: 2731: 2685: 2591: 2547: 2517: 2497: 2419: 2370:

Rivers) was sourced from a lake (hence its outlet became known as

2299: 2231:) forming along its course in an east–west axis. As it did so, it 2183: 2052: 1932: 1920: 1912: 1894: 1614: 1152: 1138: 1064:, the end of the upper Zambezi and beginning of the middle Zambezi 1056: 850: 791: 736: 2130:

Luia River: 28,000 km, Moravia-Angonia plateau, N of Zambezi

4446:

Herbig, Friedo J. W. (1 January 2019). Meissner, Richard (ed.).

3865:

Ethiopia Oriental e varia historia de cousas Notaveis do Oriente

2808: 2502:

Two locals are in the Zambezi River near Victoria Falls, Zambia.

2436:, and the course of the river, as well as the position of lakes 1682: 748: 476:(Period: 1971–2000)4,256.1 m/s (150,300 cu ft/s) 5355: 5150: 4958: 4826: 3319:"Zengamina Hydro Project | North West Zambia Development Trust" 2827:

The river currently passes through Ngonye Falls National Park,

2400:. In 1752, the Zambezi Delta, under the name "Rivers of Sena" ( 1166:

Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Zambezi River at

961:

The first of its large tributaries to enter the Zambezi is the

775:, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean. 4723:

Wynn S. (2002), "The Zambezi River - Wilderness and Tourism",

4116:

Angola, 1880 to the present: slavery, exploitation, and revolt

2742:, short-distance tourist boats take visitors along the river. 1133:. On approaching the Indian Ocean, the river splits up into a 576:(Period: 1971–2000)1,313.6 m/s (46,390 cu ft/s) 537:(Period: 1971–2000)2,653.9 m/s (93,720 cu ft/s) 474:(Period: 1998–2022)4,217 m/s (148,900 cu ft/s) 4376:

Visible on Google Earth at longitude 22.924 latitude -15.214.

4367:

Visible on Google Earth at latitude -11.906 longitude 22.831.

478:(Period: 1960–1962)3,424 m/s (120,900 cu ft/s) 4779: 4759:

Zambezi Expedition - Fighting Malaria on the "River of Life"

2432:

The Zambezi region was known to medieval geographers as the

2235:

several south-flowing rivers such as the Luangwa and Kafue.

615:(Period: 1971–2000)1,066 m/s (37,600 cu ft/s) 527:(Basin size: 1,068,422.8 km (412,520.3 sq mi) 4603:"Zambezi River 2017 | Lensman - Lennart Hessel Photography" 4417:"President launches K108m Sioma Bridge – Zambia Daily Mail" 3944:

Mawere, Munyaradzi; Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel (20 June 2015).

3422:

Ashton, Peter; Love, David; Mahachi, Harriet; Dirks, Paul.

3551:

Valkenburgh, Blaire Van; White, Paula A. (20 April 2021).

1981:

Northern Highlands catchment, 222,570 km, 850 m/s at

605:(Basin size: 521,315.5 km (201,281.0 sq mi) 566:(Basin size: 679,495.9 km (262,354.8 sq mi) 4794: 4358:, Vol 1 No 2, pp 53–63 (1950). Accessed 16 December 2017. 4237:"Hydroelectric Power: Advantages of Production and Usage" 2807:

off the mouth because of the reduction in emplacement of

4662:"Zambia warns against fish killed by mysterious disease" 4142:"The Zambezi Valley: China's First Agricultural Colony?" 2864:

decline in the whole Zambezi-Kwando-Chobe River system.

2252:

The first European to come across the Zambezi River was

1964:

freshwater shark genus that inhabit the river, as well.

1592:

Traditional farming and fishing patterns were disrupted.

464:(Basin size: 1,377,492 km (531,853 sq mi) 3770:(2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous". 3431:

International Institute for Environment and Development

2540:

and Lake Kariba also draw substantial tourist numbers.

907:, on the lower Zambezi, thin strata of grey and yellow 805:, which provides power to Zambia and Zimbabwe, and the 2137:: 54,144 km, 152 m/s, Manica plateau, NE Zimbabwe 2098:: 154,200 km, 285 m/s, West-central Zambia & 1903:

The river supports large populations of many animals.

869:, Zambia, at about 1,524 metres (5,000 ft) above 809:

in Mozambique, which provides power to Mozambique and

4805:

Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law

4032:

A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668

3647:

Revise AS Level Geography for Edexcel Specification B

3287:"A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River" 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 2602:, meant to be a connection between Lusaka and Angola. 861:

and 20 km (12 mi) south of Ikelenge in the

751:'s. The 2,574 km (1,599 mi) river rises in 229:

Most distant source of the Zambezi-Lungwebungu system

30:

This article is about the river. For other uses, see

1611:

Annotated view of the Zambezi River Delta from space

1105:

The middle Zambezi ends where the river enters Lake

5393: 5299: 5253: 5244: 5226: 5188: 4996: 4864: 4742:

Funding boost for cross-border conservation project

3345:"Dilapidated Zambezi Source Site Worry Ikelenge DC" 2349:. One of the names reported by early explorers for 2161:: 1,390,000 km, 3424 m/s discharged into delta 1623:(Balozi) floodplain during an extreme flood in 2003 674: 650: 642: 628: 623: 609: 596: 588: 570: 557: 549: 531: 518: 510: 492: 482: 468: 451: 443: 425: 412: 404: 392: 384: 374: 335: 318: 306: 292: 253: 233: 225: 207: 168: 148: 140: 131: 90: 85: 77: 41: 2208:. The change of the river course is the result of 1086:, created in 1959 following the completion of the 880:Eastward of the source, the watershed between the 4387:"Mongu-Kalabo Road - Zambia's Engineering Marvel" 3928:Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa 1836:The river and its floodplain near Mongu in Zambia 1619:NASA false-colour image of the upper Zambezi and 4754:Information and a map of the Zambezi's watershed 4092:. University of Virginia Press. pp. 29–31. 3226:"Chavuma Falls | waterfall, Zambia | Britannica" 2657:, opened in 2021, connecting Zambia and Botswana 2256:in January 1498, who anchored at what he called 2113:: 23,897 km, North-central Zimbabwe plateau 144:Main stem source. Zambezi Source National Forest 4736:Re Zambezi River Transport Service at Katombora 4688:Bourgeois S., Kocher T., Schelander P. (2003), 4577:"Sub-Saharan Africa news in brief: 13–25 March" 2821:Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area 2563:, but was defeated by the Cahora Bassa rapids. 2404:) formed a colonial administrative district of 2311: 4632:"Zambezi fishermen warned against overfishing" 1639:Rivers, the Zambezi's floodplains make up the 5367: 5162: 4970: 4838: 4706:, Journal of Zoology, v. 234, p. 489–526 3672:"Zambezi River Delta : Image of the Day" 2590:Lubosi Imwiko II Bridge linking the towns of 2293:, visiting Monomatapa in 1597 reported it as 786:at the border between Zambia and Angola, and 8: 4709:Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. (2004). 2875:Namibian officials have consequently banned 4342:"Overlanding Cattle from Barotse to Angola" 2281:noted that the same Cuama River was called 2037:: 133,200 km, Angolan S plateau & 1170:(Lower Zambezi). Period from 1998 to 2022. 767:, then along the border between Zambia and 396:1,390,000 km (540,000 sq mi) 5374: 5360: 5352: 5250: 5169: 5155: 5147: 4977: 4963: 4955: 4845: 4831: 4823: 4292:"The Zambezi River | Zimbabwe Field Guide" 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2428:and subsequent series of zigzagging gorges 1585:Less grassland remains after flooding for 857:woodland 50 km (31 mi) north of 69: 4463: 4061:Dictionary of African Christian Biography 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3915:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 3585:"GAZ Term "Zambezi River" (GAZ:00044898)" 3568: 3302: 2031:: 20,500 km, eastern side of Zambezi 2024:: 34,600 km, Angolan central plateau 2011:: 47,400 km, Angolan central plateau 4509:Isaacman, Allen; Sneddon, Chris (2000). 4113:Fish, Bruce; Fish, Becky Durost (2001). 3381:. Birdlife International. Archived from 2708:, road, 400 m (1,300 ft), 2002 2702:, road, 382 m (1,253 ft), 1939 2613:108 mln), opened in 2016 as part of the 2166:Source: Beilfuss & Dos Santos (2001) 2085:: 43,500 km, North-central Zimbabwe 2079:: 25,000 km, North-central Zimbabwe 2005:: 72,200 km, NW highlands of Zambia 1886: 1606: 1172: 837: 3867:, Pt. III. English translation is from 3002: 2639:in Zambia, opened 2004, completing the 1814: 1809:Several butterfly species are endemic. 4664:. Agence France-Presse. Archived from 3699: 3697: 3053: 3051: 3049: 2714:, 1 km (1,000 m) road bridge 2631:, 900 m (3,000 ft), between 1141:. A more northerly branch, called the 38: 4642:from the original on 5 September 2017 4625: 4623: 4163:"The Zambezi River, Drained Bone Dry" 3491:"Zambezi River Facts and Information" 3440:from the original on 14 November 2020 3196:"Zambezi River Facts and Information" 3113:from the original on 20 December 2021 1794:Lycodonomorphus whytei obscuriventris 1021:, who populate the Zambian region of 7: 4490:from the original on 28 January 2022 2609:, anew 260 metres long road bridge ( 2516:on some parts of the river. Between 778:The Zambezi's most noted feature is 759:, along the north-eastern border of 4725:International Journal of Wilderness 4630:Kooper, Lugeretzia (23 June 2017). 4515:Journal of Southern African Studies 4480:"Zambezi River Tourist Information" 4119:. Infobase Publishing. p. 30. 3705:"Zambezian coastal flooded savanna" 3682:from the original on 6 January 2017 3520:Edington, Sean (29 December 2020). 2690:Tourist boat on the Zambezi River, 2188:Victoria Falls National Park marker 849:The river rises in a black, marshy 4697:Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnologie 3459:Page, Geology (25 November 2014). 3325:from the original on 23 April 2022 2868:(by foreign nationals employed by 2774:around urban areas, as inadequate 1788:), the endemic Pungwe worm snake ( 25: 4086:Pritchett, James Anthony (2007). 3266:from the original on 7 April 2020 3236:from the original on 26 June 2022 3146:from the original on 7 March 2023 2289:. The Portuguese Dominican friar 1899:Hippopotamus in the Zambezi River 1645:Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 1603:Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 4713:. New York: Dorling Kindersley. 4681:Bento C.M., Beilfuss R. (2003), 4583:from the original on 21 May 2013 4557:from the original on 20 May 2021 4247:from the original on 20 May 2021 4173:from the original on 20 May 2021 3992: 3875:, (1905) ed., Glasgow, vol. 10: 3810:South African Journal of Geology 3722:Chaudhary, Huma (3 March 2024). 3625:from the original on 20 May 2021 3595:from the original on 20 May 2021 3532:from the original on 20 May 2021 3471:from the original on 20 May 2021 2971: 2853:Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve 1853: 1841: 1829: 1817: 1681:. Carnivores found here include 1082:At this point, the river enters 982:. A little farther south is the 57: 5679:Tourist attractions in Zimbabwe 4690:Case study: Zambezi river basin 4393:. 13 April 2016. Archived from 3724:"Canoeing on the Zambezi River" 3501:from the original on 7 May 2023 3206:from the original on 7 May 2023 3176:from the original on 2 May 2021 3166:"Zambezi River | river, Africa" 2671:: 250 m (820 ft) long 2669:railway from Cape Town to Cairo 2581:Chinyingi suspension footbridge 2277:In 1552, Portuguese chronicler 2260:(River of Good Omens), now the 1954:, and other large species. The 990:. This is the beginning of the 5654:International rivers of Africa 3794:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008 2720:, railway bridge in Mozambique 2219:'s southern extension through 1876:Intertropical Convergence Zone 1654:fringe the delta's shoreline. 946:, though on its western side, 782:. Its other falls include the 337: • coordinates 255: • coordinates 170: • coordinates 27:Major river in southern Africa 1: 4732:The Northern Rhodesia Journal 4465:10.1080/23311886.2019.1701359 4192:Mikva, Keren (30 June 2016). 3644:Knifton, Dulcie (July 2004). 3412:Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85 3375:"ZM002 Source of the Zambezi" 2674:Kariba Dam carries the paved 2152:Zambezi Delta, 12,000 km 2073:: 54,610 km, NW Zimbabwe 1743:Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis 1017:, one of the capitals of the 911:, with an occasional band of 388:2,574 km (1,599 mi) 132:Physical characteristics 4800:Map of Africa's river basins 4055:Howard, Dr. J. Keir (2005). 3256:"Zambia Tourism: Waterfalls" 2841:Victoria Falls National Park 2700:Otto Beit Bridge at Chirundu 2143:, 154,000 km, 539 m/s, 2035:Cuando /Linyanti/Chobe River 1891:Elephants crossing the river 1044:. Below the junction of the 948:Western Zambezian grasslands 376: • elevation 298:1,440 m (4,720 ft) 294: • elevation 213:1,500 m (4,900 ft) 209: • elevation 4140:Horta, Loro (20 May 2008). 3495:www.victoriafalls-guide.net 3304:10.3390/environments3010006 3200:www.victoriafalls-guide.net 2833:Lower Zambezi National Park 2829:Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park 2692:Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park 801:power on the river are the 763:and the northern border of 598: • location 559: • location 520: • location 453: • location 414: • location 320: • location 235: • location 150: • location 5715: 5699:Lowest points of countries 4057:"Arnot, Frederick Stanley" 3900:. Lisbon: Imprensa Regia. 3863:Fr. J. dos Santos (1609), 3850:, Dec. I, Lib. X, vol. 2, 2776:water-treatment facilities 2770:is a major cause of water 2057:View of the Middle Zambezi 1600: 903:of the Victoria Falls. At 899:beds and fringed with the 755:and flows through eastern 611: • average 572: • average 533: • average 494: • maximum 484: • minimum 470: • average 427: • average 29: 4355:Northern Rhodesia Journal 4034:. Routledge. p. 81. 3926:David Livingstone (1857) 3676:earthobservatory.nasa.gov 3570:10.7717/peerj.11313/fig-1 3351:. Muvi TV. Archived from 2629:Katima Mulilo road bridge 2326:(at the time, before the 1999:: Angolan central plateau 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 714: 619: 584: 580: 545: 541: 506: 502: 439: 435: 400: 302: 221: 217: 136: 68: 56: 3833:17 February 2012 at the 3615:"Zambezi - Encyclopedia" 2849:Mana Pools National Park 2845:Matusadona National Park 2682:highway across the river 2424:Satellite image showing 2285:by the inland people of 1790:Leptotyphlops pungwensis 797:The two main sources of 676: • right 32:Zambezi (disambiguation) 4810:9 February 2011 at the 4776:Zambezi River Authority 4016:Encyclopædia Britannica 3170:Encyclopedia Britannica 2481:Frederick Stanley Arnot 652: • left 5689:Zambia–Zimbabwe border 5649:Botswana–Zambia border 4452:Cogent Social Sciences 4030:Newitt, Malyn (2005). 3837:Accessed 1 March 2007. 3753:2 January 2008 at the 3711:. World Wildlife Fund. 3709:Terrestrial Ecoregions 2859:Fish stocks management 2758: 2712:Tete Suspension Bridge 2706:Second Chirundu Bridge 2695: 2605:Sioma Bridge near the 2556: 2503: 2489:António da Silva Porto 2429: 2319: 2309: 2189: 2058: 1900: 1892: 1751:Bugeranus carunculatus 1735:Anastomus lamelligerus 1624: 1612: 1158: 1102:it enters Mozambique. 1065: 967:North-Western Province 867:North-Western Province 846: 159:North-Western Province 5664:Namibia–Zambia border 4711:World reference atlas 4347:3 August 2018 at the 4222:25 March 2018 at the 4005:Cana, Frank (1911). " 3087:"Zambezi-Lake Malawi" 3063:27 March 2009 at the 2987:2007 Mozambican flood 2837:Zambezi National Park 2835:(in Zambia), and the 2815:Conservation measures 2753: 2694:, Zambia. 1971 photo. 2689: 2661:Victoria Falls Bridge 2651:on the Atlantic coast 2641:Trans–Caprivi Highway 2554:Victoria Falls Bridge 2551: 2501: 2423: 2406:Portuguese Mozambique 2306:Willem Janszoon Blaeu 2303: 2210:epeirogenic movements 2187: 2056: 1898: 1890: 1796:), dwarf wolf snake ( 1759:Pelecanus onocrotalus 1618: 1610: 1156: 1060: 853:in dense, undulating 841: 359:18.57056°S 36.47028°E 277:12.67611°S 18.41306°E 192:11.36972°S 24.30833°E 5629:Rivers of Mozambique 4814:Peace Palace Library 4764:7 April 2008 at the 4734:, Vol 2 No 5 (1954)— 4169:. 30 November 2017. 4167:International Rivers 4067:on 27 September 2007 2667:' scheme to build a 2434:Empire of Monomotapa 2342:in northern Zambia. 1800:), and swamp viper ( 1770:Crocodylus niloticus 1668:Mozambican Civil War 1597:Ecology of the delta 1589:wildlife and cattle. 842:The Zambezi and its 380:0 m (0 ft) 4795:The Zambezi Society 4668:on 22 January 2009. 4484:www.touristlink.com 4427:on 16 February 2018 3974:. 25 November 2017. 3873:Haklyutus Posthumus 3786:2005Geomo..67..437G 3589:archive.gramene.org 3385:on 4 September 2015 3355:on 4 September 2015 3034:on 17 December 2008 2892:In September 2007, 2347:African Great Lakes 2258:Rio dos Bons Sinais 2159:Zambezi river basin 2029:Luena River, Zambia 1824:The Zambezi's delta 1782:African rock python 1755:great white pelican 1739:saddle-billed stork 1715:side-striped jackal 1641:World Wildlife Fund 875:important bird area 794:in western Zambia. 624:Basin features 364:-18.57056; 36.47028 355: / 282:-12.67611; 18.41306 273: / 240:Moxico Municipality 197:-11.36972; 24.30833 188: / 5694:Rivers of Botswana 5659:Mozambique Channel 5634:Rivers of Zimbabwe 4782:on 25 October 2012 4702:Dunham KM (1994), 4321:www.britannica.com 3678:. 29 August 2013. 3230:www.britannica.com 2759: 2696: 2557: 2504: 2430: 2322:Zambezi River and 2310: 2190: 2180:Geological history 2059: 1929:African fish eagle 1901: 1893: 1625: 1613: 1159: 1066: 992:Barotse Floodplain 847: 5669:Rivers of Namibia 5611: 5610: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5144: 5143: 4952: 4951: 4527:10.1080/713683608 4296:zimfieldguide.com 4099:978-0-8139-2624-7 3957:978-9956-762-50-7 2755:Lake Cahora Bassa 2600:Lusaka–Mongu Road 2583:near the town of 2477:Plymouth Brethren 2454:António Fernandes 2380:David Livingstone 2315:Ethiopia Oriental 2217:East African Rift 2009:Lungwebungu River 1989:Chifumage River: 1798:Lycophidion nanus 1778:Varanus niloticus 1764:Reptiles include 1554: 1553: 988:Lungwebungu River 863:Ikelenge District 823:Ikelenge District 743:from Africa. Its 718: 717: 325:Zambezia Province 155:Ikelenge District 16:(Redirected from 5706: 5674:Rivers of Zambia 5624:Rivers of Angola 5528:Ngezi (Midlands) 5523:Ngezi (Masvingo) 5376: 5369: 5362: 5353: 5251: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5148: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4956: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4824: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4778:. Archived from 4670: 4669: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4638:. The Namibian. 4627: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4423:. Archived from 4421:daily-mail.co.zm 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4233: 4227: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4063:. Archived from 4052: 4046: 4045: 4027: 4021: 4020: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3989: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3950:. Langaa RPCIG. 3941: 3935: 3924: 3918: 3910: 3904: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3861: 3855: 3844: 3838: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3780:(3–4): 437–456. 3764: 3758: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3728:The Travel Vibes 3719: 3713: 3712: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3439: 3428: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3136: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3112: 3105: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3083: 3068: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3033: 3027:. Archived from 3026: 3018: 2981: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2726:, opened in 2009 2655:Kazungula Bridge 2202:Makgadikgadi Pan 1857: 1845: 1833: 1821: 1731:African openbill 1703:Acinonyx jubatus 1576:Itezhi-Tezhi Dam 1185:Discharge (m/s) 1179:Discharge (m/s) 1173: 807:Cahora Bassa Dam 677: 653: 633: 612: 599: 573: 560: 534: 525:Cahora Bassa Dam 521: 495: 485: 471: 454: 428: 415: 370: 369: 367: 366: 365: 360: 356: 353: 352: 351: 348: 295: 288: 287: 285: 284: 283: 278: 274: 271: 270: 269: 266: 256: 236: 210: 203: 202: 200: 199: 198: 193: 189: 186: 185: 184: 181: 171: 151: 73: 61: 39: 21: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5389: 5380: 5350: 5341: 5295: 5240: 5222: 5184: 5175: 5145: 5140: 4992: 4983: 4953: 4948: 4860: 4851: 4812:Wayback Machine 4785: 4783: 4770: 4766:Wayback Machine 4750: 4678: 4676:Further reading 4673: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4636:namibian.com.na 4629: 4628: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4586: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4397:on 2 March 2018 4385: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4349:Wayback Machine 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4224:Wayback Machine 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4004: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3979: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3907: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3862: 3858: 3845: 3841: 3835:Wayback Machine 3826: 3822: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3755:Wayback Machine 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3703: 3702: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3461:"Zambezi River" 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3071: 3065:Wayback Machine 3056: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3004: 3000: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2903: 2890: 2866:Illegal fishing 2861: 2855:(in Zimbabwe). 2817: 2800: 2798:Effects of dams 2764: 2748: 2718:Dona Ana Bridge 2647:in Zambia with 2546: 2509: 2418: 2340:Chambeshi River 2332:Lake Tanganyika 2291:João dos Santos 2250: 2245: 2182: 2022:Luanginga River 1993:central plateau 1970: 1925:lesser flamingo 1909:Monitor lizards 1885: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1849: 1846: 1837: 1834: 1825: 1822: 1711:Crocuta crocuta 1695:Panthera pardus 1605: 1599: 1559: 1164: 1115: 1055: 969:of Zambia. The 925: 836: 831: 675: 651: 629: 610: 597: 571: 558: 532: 519: 493: 483: 469: 452: 426: 418:Zambezi Delta, 413: 377: 363: 361: 357: 354: 349: 346: 344: 342: 341: 338: 329:Sofala Province 321: 293: 281: 279: 275: 272: 267: 264: 262: 260: 259: 254: 244:Moxico Province 234: 208: 196: 194: 190: 187: 182: 179: 177: 175: 174: 169: 149: 127: 64: 52: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5712: 5710: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5616: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5255: 5248: 5246:Zambezi System 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5232: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4959: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4870: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4842: 4835: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4768: 4756: 4749: 4748:External links 4746: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4728: 4721: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4653: 4619: 4594: 4568: 4521:(4): 597–632. 4501: 4471: 4458:(1): 1701359. 4438: 4408: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4333: 4308: 4283: 4258: 4228: 4210: 4184: 4154: 4132: 4125: 4105: 4098: 4078: 4047: 4040: 4022: 4011:Chisholm, Hugh 3977: 3963: 3956: 3936: 3919: 3905: 3889: 3880: 3869:Samuel Purchas 3856: 3839: 3820: 3799: 3759: 3740: 3714: 3693: 3663: 3656: 3636: 3606: 3576: 3543: 3512: 3482: 3451: 3414: 3396: 3366: 3336: 3310: 3277: 3260:Zambia Tourism 3247: 3217: 3187: 3157: 3124: 3092: 3069: 3045: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2945: 2938:Victoria Falls 2935: 2913: 2902: 2899: 2889: 2886: 2860: 2857: 2816: 2813: 2799: 2796: 2780:eutrophication 2763: 2760: 2747: 2744: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2684: 2683: 2672: 2658: 2652: 2626: 2603: 2588: 2578: 2561:paddle steamer 2552:1975 photo of 2545: 2542: 2508: 2505: 2426:Victoria Falls 2417: 2414: 2324:Lake Bangweolo 2279:João de Barros 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2181: 2178: 2170:Okavango Basin 2154: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2138: 2131: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2063: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2032: 2025: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1969: 1966: 1905:Hippopotamuses 1884: 1881: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1766:Nile crocodile 1677:and migrating 1601:Main article: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1583: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1163: 1160: 1157:Mighty Zambezi 1114: 1111: 1062:Victoria Falls 1054: 1053:Middle Zambezi 1051: 954:ending in the 942:Cryptosepalum 924: 921: 886:Zambezi Basins 835: 832: 830: 827: 780:Victoria Falls 745:drainage basin 734:fourth-longest 724:(also spelled 716: 715: 712: 711: 678: 672: 671: 654: 648: 647: 644: 640: 639: 634: 626: 625: 621: 620: 617: 616: 613: 607: 606: 603:Victoria Falls 600: 594: 593: 590: 586: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 574: 568: 567: 561: 555: 554: 551: 547: 546: 543: 542: 539: 538: 535: 529: 528: 522: 516: 515: 512: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 490: 489: 486: 480: 479: 472: 466: 465: 455: 449: 448: 445: 441: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 416: 410: 409: 406: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 390: 389: 386: 382: 381: 378: 375: 372: 371: 339: 336: 333: 332: 322: 319: 316: 315: 310: 304: 303: 300: 299: 296: 290: 289: 257: 251: 250: 237: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 205: 204: 172: 166: 165: 152: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 133: 129: 128: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 94: 92: 88: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 66: 65: 62: 54: 53: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5711: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5684:Zambezi basin 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5644:Border rivers 5642: 5640: 5639:Zambezi River 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5160: 5158: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4719:0-7566-0481-8 4716: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4502: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4439: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4396: 4392: 4391:zedcorner.com 4388: 4382: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4340:E. C. Mills: 4337: 4334: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4185: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4128: 4126:0-7910-6197-3 4122: 4118: 4117: 4109: 4106: 4101: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4079: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4041:0-203-32404-8 4037: 4033: 4026: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4002: 4001:public domain 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3972:"Kasambabezi" 3967: 3964: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3824: 3821: 3817:(4): 363–376. 3816: 3812: 3811: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3773:Geomorphology 3769: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3659: 3657:9780435101541 3653: 3650:. Heinemann. 3649: 3648: 3640: 3637: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3544: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3513: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3278: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3109: 3106:. June 2010. 3102: 3096: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3030: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2979:Africa portal 2969: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2910:Katima Mulilo 2908: 2907: 2906: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2819:The proposed 2814: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2316: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2271:Swahili coast 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254:Vasco da Gama 2247: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2206:Limpopo River 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:Late Pliocene 2186: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133:Luenha River/ 2132: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2112: 2111:Panhane River 2109: 2106: 2105:Luangwa River 2103: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2084: 2083:Sanyati River 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027:Luampa River/ 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003:Kabompo River 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1897: 1889: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1868: 1856: 1851: 1844: 1839: 1832: 1827: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747:wattled crane 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1719:Canis adustus 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:spotted hyena 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1609: 1604: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1161: 1155: 1151: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1113:Lower Zambezi 1112: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1042:Caprivi Strip 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 978: 977: 972: 968: 964: 963:Kabompo River 959: 957: 956:Chavuma Falls 953: 949: 945: 943: 938: 934: 930: 923:Upper Zambezi 922: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 901:igneous rocks 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 845: 840: 833: 828: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 799:hydroelectric 795: 793: 789: 785: 784:Chavuma Falls 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 735: 731: 727: 723: 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 679: 673: 670: 666: 662: 658: 655: 649: 645: 641: 638: 637:Zambezi Basin 635: 632: 627: 622: 618: 614: 608: 604: 601: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 569: 565: 562: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 530: 526: 523: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 491: 487: 481: 477: 473: 467: 463: 459: 456: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 424: 421: 417: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 373: 368: 340: 334: 330: 326: 323: 317: 314: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 291: 286: 258: 252: 249: 245: 241: 238: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 206: 201: 173: 167: 164: 160: 156: 153: 147: 143: 139: 135: 130: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 95: 93: 89: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 60: 55: 51: 47: 42:Zambezi River 40: 37: 33: 19: 18:River Zambezi 5602: 5290: 5245: 5190:Congo System 5135: 4943: 4939:Rio Quicombo 4786:23 September 4784:. Retrieved 4780:the original 4735: 4731: 4724: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4666:the original 4656: 4644:. Retrieved 4635: 4610:. Retrieved 4606: 4597: 4585:. Retrieved 4571: 4559:. Retrieved 4518: 4514: 4504: 4492:. Retrieved 4483: 4474: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4429:. Retrieved 4425:the original 4420: 4411: 4399:. Retrieved 4395:the original 4390: 4381: 4372: 4363: 4352: 4336: 4324:. Retrieved 4320: 4311: 4299:. Retrieved 4295: 4286: 4274:. Retrieved 4270: 4261: 4249:. Retrieved 4241:www.usgs.gov 4240: 4231: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4197: 4187: 4175:. Retrieved 4166: 4157: 4145:. Retrieved 4135: 4115: 4108: 4088: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4065:the original 4060: 4050: 4031: 4025: 4014: 3966: 3946: 3939: 3927: 3922: 3917:, p.185-235. 3914: 3908: 3897: 3892: 3883: 3872: 3864: 3859: 3847: 3842: 3823: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3777: 3771: 3768:Goudie, A.S. 3762: 3743: 3731:. Retrieved 3727: 3717: 3708: 3684:. Retrieved 3675: 3666: 3646: 3639: 3627:. Retrieved 3619:theodora.com 3618: 3609: 3597:. Retrieved 3588: 3579: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3534:. Retrieved 3525: 3515: 3503:. Retrieved 3494: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3465:Geology Page 3464: 3454: 3442:. Retrieved 3430: 3417: 3387:. Retrieved 3383:the original 3379:birdlife.org 3378: 3369: 3357:. Retrieved 3353:the original 3348: 3339: 3327:. Retrieved 3313: 3294: 3291:Environments 3290: 3280: 3268:. Retrieved 3259: 3250: 3238:. Retrieved 3229: 3220: 3208:. Retrieved 3199: 3190: 3178:. Retrieved 3169: 3160: 3148:. Retrieved 3115:. Retrieved 3095: 3036:. Retrieved 3029:the original 2954:(Mozambique) 2904: 2891: 2888:EUS outbreak 2877:monofilament 2874: 2862: 2826: 2818: 2801: 2765: 2729: 2665:Cecil Rhodes 2607:Ngonye Falls 2569: 2565: 2558: 2534: 2514: 2510: 2493: 2470: 2462:Bechuanaland 2459: 2448: 2446: 2431: 2402:Rios de Sena 2401: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2376: 2344: 2336: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2304:This map by 2294: 2282: 2276: 2266: 2257: 2251: 2237: 2229:rift valleys 2214: 2191: 2174: 2165: 2164: 2156: 2155: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2090: 2077:Sengwa River 2065: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2016: 1980: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1960: 1945: 1902: 1872: 1808: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1786:Python sebae 1785: 1777: 1774:Nile monitor 1769: 1763: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1734: 1718: 1710: 1702: 1694: 1687:Panthera leo 1686: 1672: 1656: 1626: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1165: 1129:through the 1124: 1120:Lupata Gorge 1116: 1107:Cahora Bassa 1104: 1092: 1081: 1067: 1046:Cuando River 1038:Ngonye Falls 1035: 1012: 996: 974: 960: 941: 931:such as the 926: 894: 879: 848: 811:South Africa 796: 788:Ngonye Falls 777: 741:Indian Ocean 729: 725: 721: 719: 631:River system 475: 420:Indian Ocean 331:, Mozambique 313:Indian Ocean 49: 45: 36: 5281:Lungwebungu 5208:Kalungwishi 4929:Lungwebungu 4772:"Home Page" 4071:14 December 3686:12 December 3444:13 November 3117:21 December 2992:Nyami Nyami 2916:Livingstone 2901:Major towns 2724:Caia Bridge 2643:connecting 2522:Livingstone 2485:Kalene Hill 2479:missionary 2473:Serpa Pinto 2416:Exploration 2394:Rio de Sena 2384:Lozi people 2372:Delagoa Bay 2351:Lake Malawi 2198:Pleistocene 2145:Lake Malawi 2141:Shire River 2135:Mazoe River 2096:Kafue River 2071:Gwayi River 1997:Luena River 1968:Tributaries 1666:during the 1131:Shire River 1127:Lake Malawi 1084:Lake Kariba 1023:Barotseland 1019:Lozi people 929:tributaries 897:metamorphic 844:river basin 819:Kalene Hill 685:Lungwebungu 667:, Capoche, 643:Tributaries 362: / 280: / 195: / 78:Nickname(s) 5618:Categories 5508:Mtetengwe 5332:Mulungushi 5228:Lake Rukwa 4990:Mozambique 4271:InventTour 4267:"Zimbabwe" 3563:: e11313. 3349:muvitv.com 3038:18 October 2998:References 2944:(Zimbabwe) 2851:, and the 2649:Walvis Bay 2538:Mana Pools 2524:, several 2287:Monomatapa 2192:Up to the 2100:Copperbelt 1956:bull shark 1952:yellowfish 1803:Proatheris 1088:Kariba Dam 1076:whitewater 984:confluence 944:dry forest 937:floodplain 909:sandstones 859:Mwinilunga 803:Kariba Dam 773:Mozambique 564:Kariba Dam 462:Mozambique 393:Basin size 350:36°28′13″E 347:18°34′14″S 268:18°24′47″E 265:12°40′34″S 226:2nd source 183:24°18′30″E 180:11°22′11″S 123:Mozambique 5598:Umchabezi 5513:Mzingwane 5493:Mutirikwe 5468:Mtshelele 5463:Mtshabezi 5433:Inyankuni 5423:Inkankezi 5322:Lukasashi 5312:Luanginga 5286:Lunsemfwa 5198:Chambeshi 5091:Montepuez 4914:Luanginga 4874:Chiloango 4699:, 27, 1–9 4587:17 August 4551:153574634 4535:0305-7070 2912:(Namibia) 2894:epizootic 2870:Namibians 2792:dysentery 2772:pollution 2762:Pollution 2544:Transport 2466:John Kirk 2450:degredado 2262:Quelimane 2248:Etymology 1941:elephants 1664:waterbuck 1652:Mangroves 1648:ecoregion 1162:Discharge 1148:Quelimane 1027:Limulunga 1000:Luanginga 986:with the 980:fan palms 913:limestone 871:sea level 815:Zengamina 732:) is the 689:Luanginga 589:Discharge 550:Discharge 511:Discharge 444:Discharge 405:Discharge 91:Countries 5568:Shangani 5533:Ngondoma 5408:Chiredzi 5387:Zimbabwe 5218:Mbereshi 5081:Mocubúri 5071:Megaruma 5036:Luambala 5016:Infulene 4934:Okavango 4808:Archived 4762:Archived 4727:, 8, 34. 4640:Archived 4581:Archived 4555:Archived 4488:Archived 4431:13 March 4401:13 March 4345:Archived 4245:Archived 4220:Archived 4198:Moguldom 4171:Archived 3877:p.220-21 3871:'s 1625 3846:Barros, 3831:Archived 3751:Archived 3733:17 March 3680:Archived 3623:Archived 3593:Archived 3530:Archived 3499:Archived 3469:Archived 3435:Archived 3389:1 August 3359:1 August 3329:18 April 3323:Archived 3297:(1): 6. 3264:Archived 3234:Archived 3204:Archived 3174:Archived 3144:Archived 3108:Archived 3061:Archived 2965:See also 2960:(Angola) 2934:(Zambia) 2881:Impalila 2768:effluent 2680:Siavonga 2615:M10 Road 2410:Zambézia 2360:Umbeluzi 2233:captured 1948:cichlids 1937:giraffes 1883:Wildlife 1776:lizard ( 1727:garganey 1723:pintails 1675:reedbuck 1168:Marromeu 1139:sand bar 1031:Kuomboka 1010:system. 976:Borassus 905:Chupanga 769:Zimbabwe 765:Botswana 458:Marromeu 118:Zimbabwe 113:Botswana 86:Location 5603:Zambezi 5583:Tokwane 5558:Sebakwe 5538:Panhane 5498:Mwenezi 5488:Mushawe 5483:Mupfure 5478:Munyati 5473:Mucheke 5453:Manyame 5443:Limpopo 5438:Kwe Kwe 5291:Zambezi 5276:Luangwa 5266:Kabompo 5261:Chongwe 5213:Luapula 5203:Kalambo 5136:Zambezi 5111:Revúboé 5096:Ngalamu 5076:Messalo 5066:Mbuluzi 5041:Lugenda 5031:Limpopo 5026:Licungo 4944:Zambezi 4646:24 July 4607:Lensman 4543:2637563 4013:(ed.). 4007:Zambezi 4003:: 3848:Da Asia 3782:Bibcode 3270:25 June 3240:26 June 3150:7 March 2958:Cazombo 2932:Sesheke 2928:Senanga 2784:cholera 2766:Sewage 2746:Ecology 2637:Sesheke 2633:Namibia 2623:Senanga 2619:Sesheke 2585:Zambezi 2575:Cazombo 2530:aquaria 2507:Economy 2356:Senegal 2295:Zambeze 2283:Zembere 2243:History 2225:grabens 2204:to the 2039:Caprivi 1991:Angolan 1961:Glyphis 1917:pelican 1869:Climate 1753:), and 1713:), and 1699:cheetah 1691:leopard 1660:buffalo 1621:Barotse 1587:grazing 1517:14,361 1491:10,196 1479:31,975 1465:10,031 1453:14,141 1439:12,091 1335:15,826 1297:39,802 1245:11,084 1219:11,183 1095:Luangwa 971:savanna 965:in the 890:Lualaba 834:Origins 821:in the 817:, near 761:Namibia 730:Zambesi 726:Zambeze 722:Zambezi 705:Panhane 701:Sanyati 665:Luangwa 657:Kabompo 108:Namibia 50:Zambeze 46:Zambesi 5578:Siwaze 5573:Shashe 5563:Sengwa 5543:Pungwe 5458:Mazowe 5448:Luenha 5428:Insiza 5395:Rivers 5383:Rivers 5337:Sakeji 5307:Kafubu 5182:Zambia 5178:Rivers 5116:Ruvuma 5106:Rarico 5101:Pungwe 5086:Monapo 5061:Mazowe 5056:Matola 5051:Maputo 5021:Komati 5011:Chinde 4998:Rivers 4986:Rivers 4919:Lucala 4904:Kwango 4894:Cunene 4889:Cuanza 4884:Cuando 4866:Rivers 4858:Angola 4854:Rivers 4717: 4612:11 May 4561:20 May 4549: 4541: 4533: 4494:22 May 4326:11 May 4301:11 May 4276:11 May 4251:20 May 4203:11 May 4177:20 May 4147:11 May 4123: 4096: 4038: 4009:". In 3997: 3954: 3654: 3629:20 May 3599:20 May 3536:20 May 3526:SAFPAR 3505:22 May 3475:20 May 3210:27 May 3180:20 May 2942:Kariba 2924:Lukulu 2831:, and 2805:prawns 2790:, and 2788:typhus 2740:Kariba 2736:Kalabo 2676:Kariba 2645:Lusaka 2625:road). 2596:Kalabo 2526:safari 2366:, and 2364:Matola 2317:, 1609 2221:Malawi 2157:Total 1983:Lukulu 1939:, and 1933:zebras 1927:, and 1635:, and 1633:Pungwe 1564:Gwembe 1549:39,802 1531:6,342 1528:2,284 1514:4,953 1505:5,930 1502:2,648 1488:5,977 1485:2,331 1476:6,949 1473:2,881 1462:5,131 1459:3,001 1450:4,636 1447:2,208 1436:5,942 1433:2,867 1427:7,575 1424:3,651 1421:1,549 1413:8,802 1410:4,988 1407:2,177 1401:7,973 1398:3,030 1387:9,215 1384:4,686 1381:2,133 1375:4,824 1372:2,013 1361:9,124 1358:4,418 1355:1,754 1349:8,952 1346:2,536 1332:6,095 1329:3,307 1323:4,910 1320:2,536 1309:8,946 1306:4,161 1303:2,394 1294:9,151 1283:8,622 1280:3,877 1277:1,243 1271:6,696 1268:3,041 1257:7,553 1254:3,522 1251:1,383 1242:4,259 1231:6,117 1228:2,619 1216:3,335 1213:1,141 1143:Chinde 1071:basalt 1015:Lealui 1004:Luampa 952:rapids 855:miombo 829:Course 757:Angola 753:Zambia 709:Luenha 646: 592: 553: 514: 447: 408: 385:Length 248:Angola 163:Zambia 141:Source 103:Angola 98:Zambia 5593:Thuli 5588:Tokwe 5548:Runde 5518:Ncema 5503:Mwewe 5418:Honde 5413:Gwayi 5403:Bubye 5327:Lunga 5317:Luena 5300:Minor 5271:Kafue 5254:Major 5131:Tembe 5126:Shire 5046:Lúrio 4924:Luena 4909:Kwilu 4899:Kasai 4879:Congo 4547:S2CID 4539:JSTOR 3932:p.208 3902:p.373 3852:p.374 3557:PeerJ 3438:(PDF) 3427:(PDF) 3111:(PDF) 3104:(PDF) 3032:(PDF) 3025:(PDF) 2948:Songo 2920:Mongu 2732:Mongu 2592:Mongu 2518:Mongu 2442:Nyasa 2438:Ngami 2368:Tembe 2328:Lunda 2267:Cuama 2147:basin 1921:egret 1913:heron 1679:eland 1557:Delta 1543:4,217 1522:2010 1508:2022 1496:2009 1482:2021 1470:2008 1456:2020 1444:2007 1430:2019 1418:2006 1404:2018 1392:2005 1378:2017 1366:2004 1352:2016 1340:2003 1326:2015 1314:2002 1300:2014 1288:2001 1274:2013 1262:2000 1248:2012 1236:1999 1222:2011 1210:1998 1202:Mean 1193:Mean 1182:Year 1176:Year 1135:delta 1099:Kafue 1008:Luena 933:Luena 882:Congo 851:dambo 792:Sioma 790:near 737:river 697:Gwayi 693:Chobe 681:Luena 669:Shire 661:Kafue 308:Mouth 5553:Save 5236:Lumi 5121:Save 5006:Buzi 4788:2012 4715:ISBN 4648:2017 4614:2024 4589:2021 4563:2021 4531:ISSN 4496:2021 4433:2018 4403:2018 4353:The 4328:2024 4303:2024 4278:2024 4253:2021 4205:2024 4179:2021 4149:2024 4121:ISBN 4094:ISBN 4073:2011 4036:ISBN 3952:ISBN 3735:2024 3688:2013 3652:ISBN 3631:2021 3601:2021 3538:2021 3507:2021 3477:2021 3446:2020 3391:2015 3361:2015 3331:2022 3272:2022 3242:2022 3212:2021 3182:2021 3152:2023 3119:2021 3040:2008 2952:Tete 2950:and 2940:and 2930:and 2809:silt 2734:and 2635:and 2594:and 2520:and 2440:and 2398:Sena 2168:The 1683:lion 1662:and 1637:Save 1629:Buzi 1511:868 1499:154 1395:888 1343:329 1317:631 1291:112 1265:338 1239:600 1205:Max 1199:Min 1196:Max 1190:Min 1097:and 1093:The 917:Tete 884:and 749:Nile 728:and 720:The 327:and 81:Besi 5385:of 5180:of 4988:of 4856:of 4523:doi 4460:doi 3815:102 3790:doi 3565:doi 3299:doi 2412:". 2196:or 1806:). 1780:), 1772:), 1761:). 1745:), 1737:), 1705:), 1697:), 1689:), 1643:'s 1525:58 1369:79 1225:17 865:of 771:to 5620:: 4774:. 4634:. 4622:^ 4605:. 4579:. 4553:. 4545:. 4537:. 4529:. 4519:26 4517:. 4513:. 4486:. 4482:. 4454:. 4450:. 4419:. 4389:. 4351:, 4319:. 4294:. 4269:. 4243:. 4239:. 4196:. 4165:. 4059:. 3980:^ 3813:. 3788:. 3778:67 3776:. 3726:. 3707:. 3696:^ 3674:. 3621:. 3617:. 3591:. 3587:. 3559:. 3555:. 3528:. 3524:. 3497:. 3493:. 3467:. 3463:. 3429:. 3399:^ 3377:. 3347:. 3321:. 3293:. 3289:. 3262:. 3258:. 3232:. 3228:. 3202:. 3198:. 3172:. 3168:. 3142:. 3127:^ 3072:^ 3048:^ 3005:^ 2926:, 2922:, 2918:, 2847:, 2843:, 2839:, 2794:. 2786:, 2621:- 2532:. 2491:. 2362:, 1943:. 1935:, 1923:, 1919:, 1915:, 1729:, 1725:, 1670:. 1631:, 1537:17 1033:. 877:. 825:. 707:, 703:, 699:, 695:, 691:, 687:, 683:, 663:, 659:, 460:, 246:, 242:, 161:, 157:, 48:, 5375:e 5368:t 5361:v 5170:e 5163:t 5156:v 4978:e 4971:t 4964:v 4846:e 4839:t 4832:v 4790:. 4738:. 4650:. 4616:. 4591:. 4565:. 4525:: 4498:. 4468:. 4462:: 4456:5 4435:. 4405:. 4330:. 4305:. 4280:. 4255:. 4207:. 4181:. 4151:. 4129:. 4102:. 4075:. 4044:. 3960:. 3934:) 3930:( 3854:) 3796:. 3792:: 3784:: 3737:. 3690:. 3660:. 3633:. 3603:. 3573:. 3567:: 3561:9 3540:. 3509:. 3479:. 3448:. 3393:. 3363:. 3333:. 3307:. 3301:: 3295:3 3274:. 3244:. 3214:. 3184:. 3154:. 3121:. 3089:. 3042:. 2678:/ 2617:( 2611:K 2227:( 1985:: 1784:( 1768:( 1757:( 1749:( 1741:( 1733:( 1717:( 1709:( 1701:( 1693:( 1685:( 1006:/ 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index