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432:’s rule from 1969 through 2011, the Department of Antiquities was badly neglected. Since 2005, the search for petroleum hidden underground has placed the rock art itself in danger. Seismic hammers are used to send shock waves underneath to locate oil deposits, and have noticeable effects on nearby rocks, including the ones that house the Tadrart Acacus rock art.
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172:
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Sites in this region have been split into three main occupation periods: the Early Acacus, Late Acacus, and
Pastoral Neolithic. The Early Acacus was a humid period from c. 9810 – 8880 BP characterized by small groups of mobile people living in valleys and along lowland lakes. The Late Acacus (c. 8870
459:
UNESCO State of
Conservation (SOC) reports from 2011, 2012 and 2013 show that at least ten of the rock-art sites have been the object of deliberate and considerable destruction since at least April 2009. The ambiguity surrounding property boundaries of the World Heritage Site and therefore the
439:
In 2012 following the murder of
Gaddafi, efforts were made to train staff through a $ 2.26 million UNESCO project, with the Libyan and Italian governments. The project included conservation, protection and education. Along with Tadrart Acacus, Libya has four other UNESCO World Heritage sites:
435:
Looting of ancient artifacts reached a level of crisis. In response UNESCO called for a major awareness campaign, to heighten awareness of Libya's archaeological and cultural heritage and to alert
Libyans that their heritage is "being looted by thieves and destroyed by developers."
467:
On 14 April 2014 two kinds of vandals were reported, those who thoughtlessly carve their own names beside the ancient rock art and those who deliberately use chemical products to remove the rock drawings. On April 20, 2014, the French special correspondent
456:. UNESCO advised that "a centre should be established at Ghat or Uweynat to train the staff in charge of the protection and management of the property and to host a museum which is expected to play an important in terms of awareness raising."
463:
In May 2013 UNESCO undertook a technical mission to assess the state of conservation the
Tadrart Acacus site and to "build-up a strategic plan to enforce the protection and management of this unique cultural and natural context."
295:
and pottery extensively. The
Pastoral Neolithic was characterized by increased mobility in a more humid environment again, and the domestication of animals. These people showed reduced usage of grinding stones.
1082:
Minozzi S., Manzi G., Ricci F., di Lernia S., and
Borgognini Tarli S.M. (2003) "Nonalimentary tooth use in prehistory: an Example from Early Holocene in Central Sahara (Uan Muhuggiag, Tadrart Acacus, Libya)"
1172:
Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi
Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1950-1967.
460:
property management combined with lack of local understanding of its cultural values were contributing factors in the ongoing vandalism. Conflicts in the area since 2011 led to increased vandalism.
291:– 7400 BP) was a dry period characterized by more sedentary people in larger groups living in valleys. These people greatly intensified food processing and storage of wild grains and used
1525:
1162:
Mercuri AM (2008) Plant exploitation and ethnopalynological evidence from the Wadi
Teshuinat area (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 1619-1642;
988:
519:
507:(ravines). Major landmarks include the arches of Afzejare and Tin Khlega. Although this area is one of the most arid in the Sahara, there is vegetation, such as the medicinal
1141:
Wasylikowa, K. (1992) "Holocene flora of the
Tadrart Acacus area, SW Libya, based on plant macrofossils from Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha Two Caves archaeological sites"
1046:
388:
1120:
Cremaschi, Mauro; Di Lernia, Savino; and Garcea, Elena A. A. (1998) "Some Insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: Chronology, Environment, and Archaeology"
1031:
287:
was introduced in this region by around 7000 BP, and pastoralism and foraging were the primary subsistence strategies of people in this region, not agriculture.
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283:. These sites have been important in understanding food processing and mobility as people adapted to climate variation. Animal domestication as part of the
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Tadrart Acacus is also the site of the earliest appearance of processed milk lipids on ceramics, which have been radiocarbon-dated to 7,500
1097:
Mattingly, D. (2000) "Twelve thousand years of human adaptation in Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)" in G. Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, D.D. (eds)
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Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (1999) "Holocene Climatic Changes and Cultural Dynamics in the Libyan Sahara"
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734:(Map) (1st ed.). 1:100,000, inset 1:400,000. Tourist and cave art information. Cartography by EWP. EWP. 2006.
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483:, Aziz Al-Hachi, that the UNESCO Rock-Art World Heritage Site of Tadrart Acacus was being destroyed with
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346:. People are depicted in various daily life situations, for example while making music and dancing.
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in 1985 because of the importance of these paintings and carvings. The paintings date from
239:, about 100 kilometres (62 mi). The area has a particularly rich array of prehistoric
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Wadi Teshuinat: Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)
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Libye : Les salafistes wahhabites libyens détruisent un site de 12.000 ans d'âge
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662:"An Alternative Way Towards Food Production: The Perspective from the Libyan Sahara"
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UNESCO organizes training course for conservation and restores of Libyan Artefacts
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The Tadrart Acacus have a large variation of landscapes, from different-coloured
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The Acacus Mountains were occupied by hunter-gatherers continuously in the
1077:
La Memoria dell'Arte. Le pitture rupestri dell'Acacus tra passato e futuro
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826:"In the Valley of Life, Oil is Death to the Art of a Lost Civilization"
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Italian-Libyan Archaeological Mission in the Acacus and Messak
943:
State of Conservation (SOC): Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
920:
State of Conservation (SOC): Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
871:
UNESCO training to combat the looting of Libyan antiquities
848:
Libyan archaeologists look to the future with new training
793:"Animal Genetics and African Archaeology: Why It Matters"
1134:
Cremaschi, Mauro and Di Lernia, Savino (eds., 1998)
1075:
Di Lernia, Savino e Zampetti, Daniela (eds.) (2008)
326:
There are paintings and carvings of animals such as
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27:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ghat District, Libya
1099:The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin
894:UNESCO supports Libyan Heritage with $ 2m Project
990:Graffiti defaces prehistoric rock art in Libya
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911:
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503:to arches, gorges, isolated rocks and deep
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1030:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
259:is the feminine form of "mountain" in the
45:
29:
1085:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1048:Libye, 12 000 ans effacés au white spirit
808:
235:, and stretch north from the border with
479:was informed by a local journalist from
319:to 100 CE and reflect cultural and
231:. They are situated east of the city of
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993:, Observers: France 24, archived from
897:, Libya Business News, 7 December 2012
1045:Bourget, Jacques-Marie (2014-04-20),
180:Location of Acacus Mountains in Libya
108:
96:
86:
76:
60:
52:
7:
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1201:Natural Arches of the Akakus Plateau
424:Vandalism and destruction since 1969
1555:Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna
1101:London, Routledge, pp. 160–79;
1079:, Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
824:Bohannon, John (10 February 2005).
279:despite fluctuating climate in the
204:
1150:Arte Preistorica del Sahara Libico
874:, Libyan Herald, 25 September 2013
660:Garcea, Elena A. A. (2004-06-01).
25:
1138:Florence, All'Insegna del Giglio;
1688:
1612:
1570:Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
845:Little, Tom (23 December 2013),
791:Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane (2013).
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57:Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
18:Rock-art sites of Tadrart Acacus
1560:Archaeological Site of Sabratha
1291:Rock art of Iheren and Tahilahi
767:"Acacus Rock Art Photo Gallery"
1296:Rock engravings of Oued Djerat
1179:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.04.008
987:Grira, Sarra (14 April 2014),
707:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1:
1794:World Heritage Sites in Libya
1754:Archaeological sites in Libya
1550:Archaeological Site of Cyrene
1258:Rock art of the Djelfa region
1122:African Archaeological Review
1107:African Archaeological Review
1051:, Mondafrique, archived from
797:African Archaeological Review
624:Temporary human-built habitat
769:. Ewpnet.com. Archived from
556:The Moul n'ga Cirque in the
525:Acacus mountains in western
666:Journal of World Prehistory
544:Rock arch in Tadrart Acacus
1815:
731:Jebel Acacus Map and Guide
304:The area is known for its
38:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1684:
1626:
1545:
1168:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.003
1124:15(4): pp. 261–286;
1110:16(4): pp. 211–238;
810:10.1007/s10437-013-9130-7
678:10.1007/s10963-004-2878-6
342:, but also of humans and
158:
44:
1749:Mountain ranges of Libya
1020:, Algeria, 29 April 2014
394:Human and animal figures
1130:10.1023/A:1021620531489
1116:10.1023/A:1021609623737
1087:120: pp. 225–232;
308:and was inscribed as a
1253:Rock Art of South Oran
969:, United Nations, 2013
1145:16: pp. 125–159;
636:List of Stone Age art
470:Jacques-Marie Bourget
219:in the desert of the
1565:Old Town of Ghadamès
1535:World Heritage Sites
281:African Humid Period
83:Cultural: (iii)
1721: /
1397:Magharet el Kantara
1286:la Vache qui pleure
709:"UNESCO Fact Sheet"
313:World Heritage Site
139: /
32:
1774:Prehistoric Africa
1318:Rock art of Figuig
1093:10.1002/ajpa.10161
997:on 11 October 2014
510:Calotropis procera
54:Official name
1725:24.833°N 10.333°E
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1191:UNESCO Fact Sheet
1159:, Turin, Einaudi;
1155:Mori, F., (1965)
1148:Mori, F., (1960)
285:African Neolithic
189:
188:
143:24.833°N 10.333°E
16:(Redirected from
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1799:Tourism in Libya
1764:Deserts of Libya
1759:Saharan rock art
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205:تدرارت أكاكوس
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1779:Ghat, Libya
1728: /
1636:Bikku Bitti
562:wave clouds
481:Ghat, Libya
473: [
412:Milk lipids
271:Archaeology
233:Ghat, Libya
223:in western
146: /
121:Coordinates
98:Inscription
1743:Categories
1671:Al Uweinat
1449:Mauritania
1429:Sabu-Jaddi
1407:Wadi Hamra
1379:Gilf Kebir
1369:Abu Ballas
1059:2014-05-04
777:2013-12-09
752:2008-04-20
715:2013-12-09
111:Endangered
101:1985 (9th
694:162218030
686:1573-7802
588:Head rock
495:Geography
336:ostriches
332:elephants
252:Etymology
215:) form a
88:Reference
1263:Marhouma
1026:citation
803:: 1–20.
630:See also
454:Ghadames
450:Sabratha
370:Elephant
328:giraffes
306:rock art
300:Rock art
277:Holocene
241:rock art
115:2016–...
79:Criteria
63:Location
1716:10°20′E
1713:24°50′N
1695:Commons
1666:Tibesti
1471:Amazmaz
1310:Morocco
1245:Algeria
1143:Origini
428:During
358:Giraffe
257:Tadrart
247:History
237:Algeria
134:10°20′E
131:24°50′N
103:Session
1789:Tuareg
1784:Fezzan
1769:Sahara
1661:Nafusa
1651:Arkanu
1641:Sherif
1631:Acacus
946:, 2011
923:, 2013
738:
692:
684:
531:Sahara
442:Cyrene
344:horses
340:camels
310:UNESCO
229:Sahara
209:ALA-LC
201:Arabic
1646:Haruj
1620:Libya
1539:Libya
1421:Sudan
1361:Egypt
1328:Libya
1001:5 May
973:5 May
950:4 May
927:4 May
901:5 May
878:5 May
855:5 May
690:S2CID
647:Notes
564:above
527:Libya
505:wadis
501:dunes
477:]
265:adrar
225:Libya
72:Libya
1485:Chad
1032:link
1003:2014
975:2014
952:2014
929:2014
903:2014
880:2014
857:2014
736:ISBN
682:ISSN
487:and
452:and
338:and
191:The
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1175:doi
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267:).
195:or
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