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Glossary of automotive design

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A distinctively shaped inlet that is flush and begins with a narrow, shallow inset and becomes progressively wider and deeper. The duct was developed to introduce cooling air into aircraft engine nacelles, while increasing the drag of the nacelle only minimally. The duct was developed at the National
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An open vehicle, usually with 2 doors, with a removable and/or retractable cloth top and a windshield characterized by the lack of integrated glass side windows. Contemporary uses of this name do not always follow this original description. A classical roadster is a two-seater with a long hood and a
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refers to the angle between the overall vehicle and the horizontal axis of the ground. If the back is higher than the front, the vehicle is said to have positive rake; if the front is higher than the back, this is negative rake. In early hot rod and custom cars, positive rake was created by varying
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The distance the car's body extends beyond the wheelbase at the front (front overhang) and rear (rear overhang). In car style design terms, this is the amount of body that is beyond the wheels or wheel arches. In general, the sum of the front and rear overhangs is equal to the overall length minus
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Generally used in a car or truck for heating and cooling inside car environment according to the passenger requirements. Basically it is divided into different modes, blower speed functions, AC, temperature, and fresh recirculation of air. Worldwide control panel manufacturers are BHTC, Delphi,
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are related. An imaginary line extending from the base of the A-pillar and following its angle will pass in front of the front axle for most front-wheel drive and mid-engined cars, while it will pass through or behind the front axle for most rear-wheel drive cars. Pulling the A-pillar forward
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The space between the tire and the wheel well. Currently there is a trend towards smaller wheel arch gaps. Sometimes referred to as Dead Cat Space due to the fact that, in winter, many domestic cats try to seek shelter in wheel wells of recently parked cars in an attempt to stay
955:: the former tend to have longer front overhangs with a smaller dash-to-axle ratios, while the latter have shorter front overhangs with much greater dash-to-axle. Most so called premium vehicles (equipped with rear wheel drive) feature a relatively long dash-to-axle ratio. 232:
A categorization based on overall form design using rough rectangle volumes. In the case of the one-box, also called a monospace or monovolume, it is a single continuous volume. Slight wedge formed front or rear are still generally placed in this category. E.g.
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The hockey stick is an automotive design feature seen on nearly all Saab automobiles. It refers to the curve formed by the C-pillar in the rear corner at the base of the rear passenger window, which resembles the shape of an ice hockey stick or the Nike swoosh
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A categorization based on overall form design using rough rectangle volumes. In the case of the three-box form, there is a "box" delineating a separate volume from the a-pillar forward, a second box comprising the passenger volume, and third box comprising the
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An open vehicle, usually with 4 doors, with a removable and/or retractable cloth top and a windshield characterized by the lack of integrated glass side windows. Contemporary uses of this name do not always follow this original description or apply to an open
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The distance measured along the vehicle's length between the centrelines of each axle, which may be approximated from where the front and rear wheels meet the ground. Cars have typical proportions that have a wheelbase of approximately three wheel diameters
1823:(or rear quarter panel) refers to the panel at the back sides starting at the rear edge of the rearmost doors, bordered by at top by the trunk (boot) lid and at bottom by the rear wheel arches ending at the rear bumper. This is the opposite of the fender. 2629:
Shape of the car as seen in the side profile. May be positive, negative or neutral. If the front is lower than the rear, then it is wedge-positive. If the rear is lower it is wedge-negative. If the car appears level from front to rear, then it is wedge
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A structural member that connects the roof to the body of the car. Pillars are usually notated from front to back alphabetically (e.g. the A-pillar joins the windshield to the frontmost side windows, the B-pillar is next to the front occupants' heads,
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Term for cowl covering the wheels of the vehicles. In more modern automobiles, this refers generally to the body panel or panels starting at the front "bumper" to the first door line excluding the engine hood. The opposite of the fender is the
891:: For openings on the front and rear of the vehicle, other than a door opening, daylight opening means the locus of all points where a horizontal line, parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline is tangent to the periphery of the opening. 1364:
Instrument Panel. The dashboard is termed the instrument panel in the automotive industry. Sometimes this term is confused with the instrument cluster, the group of speedometer, odometer and similar devices generally behind the steering
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A categorization based on overall form design using rough rectangle volumes. In the case of the two-box form, there is usually a "box" representing a separate volume from the a-pillar forward and second box making up the rest. E.g.,
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A slang term for chrome conical shaped styling elements which began to appear on the front bumper/grille assemblies of certain American automobiles following World War II. The term is derived from the notable physical attributes of
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Swan doors operate in a similar way to conventional car doors but unlike regular doors, they open at an upward angle. These help to prevent the bottom edges of doors on low cars from scraping on curbs. Common on Aston Martin
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forms. Its angle and position defines the split between cargo volume and rear-seat passenger volume and headroom. In general, the base of the C-pillar is located over the rear wheel arch in most sedans (saloons) and
885:: For openings on the side of the vehicle, other than a door opening, the locus of all points where a horizontal line, perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal centerline, is tangent to the periphery of the opening. 2140:
The line or "shoulder" formed by the meeting of top and side surfaces extending from hood/fender shoulder to boot-lid/quarter-panel shoulder. The strongest example of this feature can be found on more modern of
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Inset or protrusion that implies the intake of air. May be functional for cooling/ventilation or purely ornamental. When mounted directly to the engine and allowed to protrude through the hood/bonnet, known as a
1600: 1115:" uses a modern example of this design. These were made popular in the 1920's by their implementation in the Brooklands silencer which were necessitated by the noise regulations at the Brooklands race track. 2578:
Refers to the way the sides of a car round inward toward the roof, specifically the sides of the greenhouse above the beltline. This term is borrowed from nautical description of marine vessels.
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The trim or bodywork that surrounds a light, holds the face of an instrument in position, or decoratively conceals gaps between bodywork and components as an escutcheon. Often chrome or plastic
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The pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body, either relative to the floor of the vehicle or relative to the height above pavement level, as used in vehicle design.
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the wheelbase. Typically, the rear overhang is larger on rear-wheel drive cars, while the front overhang is larger on front-wheel drive cars. Journalist Paul Niedermeyer has proposed an
2765:: Molding of any material between the windshield glazing and the exterior roof surface, including material that covers a part of either the windshield glazing or exterior roof surface. 895: 1223:
Car doors that are hinged at the roof rather than the side, as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz 300SL race car. Opening upwards, the doors evoke the image of a seagull's wings.
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Material (usually plastic) added to exterior of the car which isn't structurally necessary. May be functional to keep out dirt/debris as in underbody cladding, or may be cosmetic.
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Replacement fenders found on off-road vehicles designed as part of body armor for off-road vehicles. Used to protect the thin sheet metal bodies from damage while off-roading.
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Side doors hinged at the rear of the car with the latch at the front of the car. If accidentally opened while driving at a high speed, such doors would be blown backward.
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Crease or curvature in the side of the body used to create visual distinction. Sometimes the crease is functional and improves rigidity of the outer body (also known as
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by their hinge point. While scissor doors move straight up via hinge points at the bottom of the A-pillar, butterfly doors move up and out via hinges along the A-pillar.
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The styling of the front end of the car, which people will instantly recognize and associate with a manufacturer. For example, the grille, lights and sometimes the DLO.
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tire size, and/or by suspension modification. In today's body design, positive rake is integral in some vehicles' styling, e.g. Mercedes E350 sedan, circa 2012/13.
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A car or motorcycle exhaust tip with the sides forming a tapering design- either horizontal or vertically aligned - often made to look like the tail of a fish . "
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Bodywork of a vehicle. Also the workshop at which automotive body work is built on a prototype or low volume production basis, typically with extensive handwork.
2008:(Lamborghini doors) are automobile doors that rotate vertically at a fixed hinge at the front of the door, rather than outward as with a conventional door. 2762: 1691: 888: 882: 2833: 694:'s "Empress Line" designs from the early 1950s, these were a unique take on trunk-body integration allowing for a shortened trunk and a rakish rear end. 2719: 952: 990:
The area behind the rear door on a four-door car. This area is part of the quarter panel just behind the door and in front of the rear wheel house.
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A car body style whose roofline slopes continuously down at the back found on cars with a single convex curve from the top to the rear bumper.
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became less common and bodywork began to enclose the full width and uninterrupted length of a car in a markedly bulbous, slab-sided fashion.
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The critical relationship between front wheel centers and the windshield base. The most notable differences can be seen between cars with
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short back, which means the driver is sitting in the rear of the vehicle (close to the rear axle). Usually it is a rear-wheel-driven car.
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The cab of the vehicle is pushed forward. This design aesthetic was popular with Chrysler in the 1990s with the introduction of their
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A raised lip or wing which is used to "spoil" unfavorable air movement across the body. Some designs are more functional than others.
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The front and rear wheels are different widths. On sporty rear-wheel-drive cars, the rear tires are usually wider than the front.
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A line creased into the side of a car to give it visual interest. (interchangeable with swage line) Sometimes implemented by a
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A demarcation or crease between a vehicles body panels and the side windows. Typically it refers to where an individual wears a
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The cab of the vehicle is moved to the rear of the vehicle. Cars such as a 1970s Corvette could be considered cab back design.
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A coupe or sedan lacking a center window post between the front windshield post and the rearmost window post or body section.
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The part of the body on a convertible or roadster where the windscreen is mounted. The term is used primarily in the UK.
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The glassed-in upper section of the car's body. Daylight Opening (DLO) in turn describes the actual window areas only.
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The engine cover on vehicles when the engine is located forward or aft of the passenger compartment. Also known as a
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The visible opening in the side of a car allowing access to the wheel. In some cases, the wheel arch is covered with
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A tangent break feature line running along the centreline of a car. This kind of feature can be seen on many modern
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The trunk or liftgate of the vehicle that opens for access to the cargo area. Typically at the rear of the vehicle.
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A typically large vehicle built using frame-on-rail construction consisting of a cab and a separate bed for cargo.
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Heater, ventilation and air condition. A major package constraint both technically as well in interior design.
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The distance across the car between the base of the left and right wheels (like wheelbase, but side-to-side).
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The area at the base of the windshield where the wipers are parked. Also refers to the main chamber in an
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A car body style that calls for a body with smooth contours that continues to a tail that is abruptly cut.
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The body section below the base of the door openings sometimes called the "rocker panels", or "rockers".
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Crease in the sheet metal intended as a "speed line" styling feature. Exemplified in the doors of the
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is measured axle-to-axle and generally does not change whether measured from the left or right side,
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The body panel of the vehicle that covers the engine. Typically a horizontal surface, hinged at the
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refer to the body forward of the front wheels and aft of the rear wheels, respectively; OHR = 42.6%
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A type of door sometimes seen on high-performance cars. They are similar to but distinguished from
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Plastic clips onto the base of the windscreen under the bonnet to protect from leaves and flowers.
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Body armor protecting the Rocker, found mostly in off-road vehicles. Term coined by engineers at
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Short for cabin. The enclosed compartment of a vehicle which contains the driver and passengers.
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The body section below the base of the door openings sometimes called the "rocker panels", or
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that can be plugged into the electric grid to recharge its battery to reduce gasoline usage.
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A vent on the side of the fender that can be used as hot-air outlet, but usually decorative.
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accessory protecting the front, replacing the bumper and carrying auxiliary lights and a
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The line running over the car, from headlight to taillight, tracing the car's silhouette.
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Black graphite printed onto the glass to hide unsightly areas and improve aesthetics.
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Bonded to the base of the windscreen to provide a mounting surface for the leafscreen
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The horizontal surface at the rear of the car, which usually serves as the trunk lid.
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An external structure added to increase streamlining, deflect wind, and reduce drag.
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Anything reflective added to a car to enhance appearance. May also be called chrome.
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Literally, the term originally referred to the rear quarter or the car's length.
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Side covers for wheel arches, hiding the wheel—usually rear only. Also called
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A negative flick-out to a flat surface which frames trim sections or venting.
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The housing for the instrument cluster on top of or as part of the dashboard.
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styled along a V-shape as viewed from the front, giving the impression of a
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in vehicles was probably the tilting back of the windshield's top. Nowadays
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Plastic/rubber line or moulding to prevent side-swiping along the doors.
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A line extending from the C-pillar down and around the rear wheel well.
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Imaginary line drawn following the bottom edge of the greenhouse glass.
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shape and the A-pillar position may interfere with the driver's vision.
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models. Literally derived from the break found on the rear side of a
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The shape of the rocker panel as it curves inward at the lower edge.
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All the components that generate power and deliver it to the tyres.
1595:{\displaystyle OHR={\frac {\left(length-wheelbase\right)}{length}}} 2768: 2742: 2718: 2685: 2660: 2633: 2609: 2581: 2550: 2535: 2522: 2519:) Compartment for storage of cargo which is separate from the cab. 2488: 2465: 2441: 2401: 2371: 2346: 2318: 2280: 2249: 2215: 2188: 2148: 2119: 2113: 2084: 2070: 2046: 2011: 1986: 1960: 1932: 1893: 1871: 1836: 1792: 1760: 1728: 1697: 1641: 1618: 1461: 1427: 1373: 1340: 1297:'s trademark reverse-sweep kick at the bottom of last roof pillar. 1269: 1231: 1194: 1161: 1118: 1091: 1055: 1030: 966: 923: 894: 838: 802: 778: 702: 667: 637: 604: 575: 552: 545:, but sometimes hinged at the headlights instead. Also known as a 518: 495: 472: 432: 400: 376: 348: 298: 252: 210: 2834:"Car Design Glossary - Part 2: One-Box (Monospace or Monovolume)" 1800:
with body (in white, left) removed to show chassis and powertrain
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Once a vehicle designed to carry hunters and sportsmen; now a
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The structural roof beam above the windshield. Alternatively,
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for a more formal appearance or aerodynamic considerations.
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The C-pillar usually is the last structural pillar in most
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can refer to the section of exhaust piping attached to the
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is measured wheel-to-wheel and may vary from front to rear
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increases cabin volume, but the car will tend to assume a
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features multi-color body panels; in this example, the
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crease running along the side through the door handles
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Wheel well (also wheelhouse, wheelhousing, or bucket)
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(April 2006). 2882: 2880: 982:is yellow, extending from the rocker to the roof 2911: 2909: 1123:Workers fit an engine with transmission to the 591:in the grille, bumper, wheels, and window trim 3052: 2860:"Car Design Fundamentals: Dash to axle ratio" 2161:extensions below the door were left unpainted 8: 2263:on the rear wheel to reduce aerodynamic drag 1324:with the exception of the Canadian Maritimes 1027:The body-skin panel at the front of the car. 2043:as it vibrates in response to the throttle. 3518: 3092: 3059: 3045: 3037: 1771:recharging its traction battery through a 1453:Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). 2673:, to facilitate its intended off-road use 1749:A 1930s–1960s design genre when distinct 1510: 1496: 953:front mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout 2970:"Car Design Fundamentals: The C-pillar" 2889:"Car Design Fundamentals: The A-pillar" 2825: 1320:in English speaking countries outside 949:front-engine, front-wheel drive layout 2781:that are not integrated into the body 2739:The enclosure or space for the wheel. 1901:with prominent extended body-colored 875:refers to the window openings in the 7: 3661: 1944:running horizontally along the sides 1280:at the base of the C-pillar of this 686:First seen on the second generation 634:. Base chassis before customisation. 445:is carried from the roof to the tail 3634:Vehicle identification number (VIN) 2968:Clarke, Adrian (18 November 2021). 2942:Niedermeyer, Paul (June 22, 2013). 2887:Clarke, Adrian (11 November 2021). 2108:or vehicle combining features of a 561:estate / station wagon with opened 2916:Clarke, Adrian (6 December 2021). 2858:Clarke, Adrian (2 November 2021). 2814:Glossary of mechanical engineering 1859:The first application of the term 1667:The angle of the A-pillar and the 847:featuring prominent bullet-shaped 791:contrasts with the red body panels 25: 3024:Mehta, Sajeev (13 January 2023). 2836:. Car Design News. Archived from 1668: 3670: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3077:Part of a series of articles on 1713:of the Yamaha-designed V6 engine 35:A glossary of terms relating to 2996:"Hybrid Vehicles Gain Traction" 2731:and an angled one for the front 1781:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 1769:plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 1705:, showing the windshield wiper 876: 609:Worker fits components to this 389:is curved to improve visibility 2477:was sold between 1945 and 1978 1682: 441:on the centreline of the 1963 1: 3468:Approach and departure angles 2694:is measured from axle to axle 2645:as a signature styling detail 1442:at the front, rear, and sides 1284:is adorned with a BMW roundel 2200:for the rear-seat passengers 2153:On lower trim levels of the 1673: 995:Down the Road Graphics (DRG) 3531:Automotive light bulb types 2790: 830:The base of the windshield. 715:is on top of the front axle 42:Some terms may be found at 3723: 2297:bisects the rear backlight 1378:The styling update to the 913:Daytime Running Lamp (DRL) 583:'s design for the 1955–56 387:Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 28: 3646: 3074: 2777:series of cars has front 2022:on top of the hood of an 1914: 3551:high-intensity discharge 2641:buses have an octagonal 2588:Alfa Romeo Disco Volante 1905:panels and fender flares 810:for HVAC functions in a 477:The instruments of this 64: 59: 2312:Staggered wheel fitment 2291:Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 1351:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang 1237:Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight 1172:Chevrolet Corvette (C3) 506:Chevrolet Corvette (C2) 443:Chevrolet Corvette (C2) 287:(2006). The equivalent 3707:Automotive terminology 3235:Stressed member engine 2782: 2755: 2732: 2695: 2674: 2669:is pronounced on this 2646: 2622: 2594: 2569: 2538: 2505: 2478: 2455: 2415: 2385: 2359: 2332: 2298: 2264: 2227: 2201: 2162: 2133: 2095: 2059: 2027: 1999: 1973: 1945: 1906: 1882: 1852: 1801: 1776: 1753:and fully articulated 1740: 1714: 1652: 1630: 1596: 1477: 1443: 1389: 1357: 1285: 1243: 1214: 1174: 1132: 1104: 1073: 1043: 983: 940: 939:presidential limousine 909: 872:Daylight Opening (DLO) 853: 845:Cadillac Coupe DeVille 814: 792: 716: 679: 651: 624: 592: 565: 534: 508: 485: 446: 416: 390: 361: 353:The 1989 logo for the 313: 267: 225: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 3367:Windshield/windscreen 2772: 2746: 2722: 2689: 2664: 2637: 2613: 2585: 2554: 2526: 2492: 2469: 2445: 2405: 2375: 2350: 2331:extend onto the doors 2322: 2284: 2253: 2219: 2192: 2152: 2123: 2088: 2050: 2015: 1990: 1964: 1940:with prominent black 1936: 1897: 1875: 1840: 1796: 1764: 1732: 1701: 1645: 1622: 1597: 1465: 1431: 1377: 1355:film of the same name 1344: 1273: 1235: 1198: 1165: 1122: 1095: 1059: 1034: 970: 927: 902:daytime running lamps 898: 842: 806: 782: 706: 671: 641: 608: 579: 556: 522: 499: 476: 436: 429:attached to trousers. 404: 380: 352: 302: 256: 214: 3702:Knowledge glossaries 3536:Daytime running lamp 2727:has a circular rear 2384:running fore and aft 2354:with front and rear 1992:Lamborghini Countach 1495: 1036:Shelby Mustang GT350 944:Dash-to-Axle (ratio) 918:daytime running lamp 822:Visteon, Valeo, etc. 713:Jeep Forward Control 3697:Automotive industry 3498:Weight distribution 3430:Omniview technology 3000:Scientific American 2528:Range Rover Classic 2412:Aston Martin Rapide 2352:Lincoln Continental 2327:on the side of the 2293:once campaigned by 2196:A-11 taxi featured 1669:§ dash-to-axle 1466:The front and rear 1416:Leafscreen retainer 1305:(or HP (Hip Point)) 1129:Long Beach Assembly 937:Lincoln Continental 587:included extensive 53:Contents:  3617:Registration plate 2809:Car classification 2783: 2756: 2733: 2696: 2675: 2647: 2623: 2595: 2570: 2539: 2506: 2479: 2456: 2416: 2386: 2360: 2341:Ferrari Testarossa 2333: 2299: 2265: 2228: 2202: 2163: 2155:BMW 3 Series (E36) 2134: 2096: 2063:Scowling headlamps 2060: 2052:Scowling headlamps 2028: 2000: 1974: 1968:C-pillar curve on 1946: 1907: 1883: 1853: 1802: 1777: 1741: 1715: 1653: 1631: 1592: 1478: 1444: 1436:features multiple 1390: 1382:in 1970 gave it a 1358: 1286: 1244: 1215: 1210:Back to the Future 1175: 1133: 1105: 1100:was fitted with a 1074: 1044: 984: 941: 910: 854: 815: 793: 717: 680: 652: 625: 593: 566: 535: 509: 486: 481:are set in chrome 447: 417: 391: 362: 314: 268: 226: 44:car classification 31:List of auto parts 3684: 3683: 3642: 3641: 3506: 3505: 3337:Glass run channel 3271:Trunk/boot/dickie 3068:Automotive design 2616:Lancia Stratos HF 2590:has a pronounced 2496:operate from the 2472:Dodge Power Wagon 2221:Alfa Romeo Spider 1978:Saab hockey stick 1966:Saab hockey stick 1843:Chevrolet Bel Air 1590: 1380:Alfa Romeo Spider 1113:Koenigsegg Regera 907:Chevrolet Bolt EV 877:§ Greenhouse 783:The gray plastic 771:Brightwork using 397:Rear glass panel. 332:. The equivalent 307:Alfa Romeo Giulia 241:. The equivalent 237:and the original 221:, replica of the 37:automotive design 16:(Redirected from 3714: 3674: 3664: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3601:Window deflector 3584:Side-view mirror 3519: 3142:Continental tire 3105:Backbone chassis 3093: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3038: 3033: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2948:Curbside Classic 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2830: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2555:Illustration of 2504:of an automobile 2380:with pronounced 1683:§ three box 1607:Obscuration band 1601: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1569: 1565: 1511: 1347:instrument panel 1203:is open on this 1108:Fishtail Exhaust 1102:fishtail exhaust 1072:are colored blue 692:Hooper & Co. 688:Cadillac Seville 677:Cadillac Seville 479:Ford Thunderbird 450:Batsman's crease 439:batsman's crease 54: 21: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3638: 3605: 3567: 3515: 3513: 3502: 3473:Breakover angle 3456: 3383: 3323: 3275: 3254: 3082: 3070: 3065: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2843: 2841: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2800: 2759:Windshield trim 2753:windshield trim 2711: 2707: 2706: 2608: 2440: 1959: 1835: 1817: 1798:Mazda MX-5 (NC) 1723:intake manifold 1711:intake manifold 1703:Ford Taurus SHO 1617: 1570: 1516: 1512: 1493: 1492: 1460: 1426: 1405: 1372: 1339: 1290:Hofmeister kink 1282:BMW 3.0 CS 1277:Hofmeister kink 1230: 1160: 1064:Harlequin, the 1062:Volkswagen Golf 1013: 973:Volkswagen Golf 837: 789:Pontiac Montana 701: 656:Butterfly doors 648:butterfly doors 375: 357:emphasized the 347: 223:Mystery Machine 209: 204: 203: 202: 201: 55: 52: 33: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3720: 3718: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3689: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3668: 3658: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3572:Other elements 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3493:Turning radius 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3395:Bumper sticker 3391: 3389: 3388:Other elements 3385: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3171: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3019: 3018:External links 3016: 3013: 3012: 2986: 2960: 2934: 2905: 2876: 2850: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2804:Car body style 2799: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2787: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2717: 2716: 2702: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2678:Wheel arch gap 2671:Toyota 4Runner 2667:wheel arch gap 2659: 2658: 2651: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2620:wedge-positive 2618:is considered 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2521: 2520: 2510: 2494:Car boot sales 2487: 2486: 2483: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2400: 2399: 2396:character line 2392: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2248: 2247: 2232: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2147: 2146: 2138: 2118: 2117: 2102: 2100:Shooting-brake 2093:shooting-brake 2083: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2064: 2045: 2044: 2034: 2010: 2009: 2006: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1942:rubbing strips 1931: 1930: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1870: 1869: 1857: 1848:with positive 1834: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1791: 1790: 1787:hybrid vehicle 1783: 1759: 1758: 1751:running boards 1747: 1745:Ponton styling 1738:ponton styling 1727: 1726: 1719: 1696: 1695: 1688: 1687: 1678: 1677: 1674:§ one box 1664: 1663: 1659: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1491:, computed as 1489:overhang ratio 1484: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1353:, used in the 1338: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1268: 1267: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1219:Gull-wing door 1201:gull-wing door 1193: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1139:Also known as 1137: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1090: 1089: 1081: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006:A convertible. 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 992: 991: 988: 965: 964: 961: 957: 956: 945: 922: 921: 914: 893: 892: 886: 880: 873: 869: 868: 860: 858:Dagmar bumpers 850:Dagmar bumpers 836: 833: 832: 831: 828: 824: 823: 819: 801: 800: 797: 777: 776: 773:chrome plating 769: 765: 764: 757: 756:Character line 753: 752: 749: 745: 744: 737: 733: 732: 729: 725: 724: 721: 700: 697: 696: 695: 684: 666: 665: 658: 636: 635: 629: 617:Toyota Corolla 603: 602: 599: 574: 573: 570: 559:Rambler Custom 551: 550: 539: 529:Nissan Skyline 517: 516: 513: 494: 493: 490: 471: 470: 451: 431: 430: 423: 399: 398: 395: 374: 371: 370: 369: 366: 346: 343: 342: 341: 321: 304:Three-box form 297: 296: 281:shooting-brake 272: 265:shooting-brake 251: 250: 239:Ford Econoline 230: 208: 205: 198: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 56: 51: 50: 48: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3719: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3659: 3657: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3509: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3410:Hood ornament 3408: 3406: 3405:Front-end bra 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3357:Quarter glass 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3213:Quarter panel 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3115:Body-on-frame 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2987: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2961: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2851: 2840:on 2013-12-03 2839: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2791:§ Fender 2788: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2329:Ferrari 512TR 2326: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2295:Didier Auriol 2292: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2275:fender skirts 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2255:Honda Insight 2252: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2210:quarter glass 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2137:Shoulder line 2136: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126:shoulder line 2122: 2115: 2111: 2110:station wagon 2107: 2106:station wagon 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026:"The Machine" 2025: 2021: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2005: 2004:Scissor doors 2002: 2001: 1997: 1996:scissor doors 1993: 1989: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1949:Rubbing strip 1948: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:Alfa Romeo 75 1896: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1832: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820:Quarter-panel 1819: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1464: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322:North America 1319: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1272: 1265: 1264:cylinder head 1261: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1147:vehicle frame 1144: 1143: 1142:body-on-frame 1138: 1136:Frame-on-rail 1135: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1086:quarter panel 1082: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 994: 993: 989: 986: 985: 981: 977: 974: 969: 962: 959: 958: 954: 950: 946: 943: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 919: 915: 912: 911: 908: 904: 903: 897: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 874: 871: 870: 866: 861: 859: 856: 855: 852: 851: 846: 841: 834: 829: 826: 825: 820: 818:Control panel 817: 816: 813: 812:Toyota Avanza 809: 808:Control panel 805: 798: 795: 794: 790: 786: 781: 774: 770: 767: 766: 762: 761:rubbing strip 758: 755: 754: 750: 747: 746: 742: 738: 735: 734: 730: 727: 726: 722: 719: 718: 714: 710: 705: 698: 693: 689: 685: 682: 681: 678: 674: 670: 663: 662:scissor doors 659: 657: 654: 653: 650: 649: 644: 640: 633: 632:Body in White 630: 627: 626: 622: 621:Ōhira, Miyagi 618: 614: 613: 612:body in white 607: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 571: 568: 567: 564: 560: 555: 548: 544: 540: 537: 536: 533: 530: 526: 523:Front-hinged 521: 514: 511: 510: 507: 503: 498: 491: 488: 487: 484: 480: 475: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 449: 448: 444: 440: 435: 428: 424: 422: 419: 418: 414: 413: 408: 403: 396: 393: 392: 388: 384: 379: 372: 367: 364: 363: 360: 356: 351: 344: 339: 335: 331: 328:area—e.g., a 327: 322: 319: 316: 315: 312: 308: 305: 301: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277:Station wagon 273: 270: 269: 266: 262: 259: 255: 248: 244: 240: 236: 231: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219:Chevrolet Van 217: 213: 206: 200: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 57: 47: 45: 40: 38: 32: 27: 19: 3622:vanity plate 3561:trafficators 3372:washer fluid 3352:Power window 3347:Opera window 3259:Compartments 3147:Crumple zone 3132:Cabrio coach 3076: 3029: 3003:. Retrieved 2999: 2989: 2977:. Retrieved 2973: 2963: 2951:. Retrieved 2947: 2937: 2925:. Retrieved 2921: 2896:. Retrieved 2892: 2867:. Retrieved 2863: 2853: 2842:. 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Index

Rocker panel
List of auto parts
automotive design
car classification
Top
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