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usage as passenger buses is rare and mostly experimental. Maintenance railroad vehicles can be driven on roads to near the site and then converted to a rail vehicle for the final journey to the worksite. This avoids the complex maneuvers that would be associated with a road vehicle accessing a worksite that is not near a road. Since they are normally converted road vehicles, they would not fare well in a collision with heavy
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When operating in road-going mode, drivers have to remember that the dynamics of the vehicle will be changed due to the increased weight at the front and rear of the chassis. Some manufacturers have developed systems that allow the rail wheels to be stored almost entirely inside the original bodywork
443:
built a prototype out of a second-hand
Bristol bus. The enthusiasm arose from the opportunity to cut costs on rail vehicle production by partially integrating bus parts. Two challenges had to be solved: collision consequences with much heavier rail vehicles and supervision of the transition from road
274:
produced in the
Japanese Empire between 1935 and 1943. It had tank tracks for ground travel and retractable flanged wheels for railways. Changing from railway to ground mode took one minute, and changing from ground to railways took three minutes. In addition, the flanged wheels could be adjusted for
943:
Self-propelled maintenance vehicles for maintenance of the track and for shunting wagons are much more convenient to use if they can transfer to the road to reposition or otherwise get out of the way. Because relatively light loads are involved, the problems plaguing the Road
Transferable Locomotive
851:
road-railer is used for maintenance and shunting tasks. It can pull up to 1000t and operate a snow cutter. Unimog can drive on standard gauge as well as various international broad gauges with its own wheels. The mechanical engine power of the Unimog is 160 kW and it achieves a speed of 90 km/h on
202:
while roads offered greater tractive effort, and the combination would allow either greater loads to be hauled, or loads to be hauled on steeper gradients thereby reducing a major cost of building a railway. In 1922 Stronach patented a road-rail tractor which could be driven on the road, or have a
165:
maintenance during engineering possessions of the line, when a section of the line is handed over for maintenance and operational trains are blocked from entering the section. Military-used railroad vehicles take advantage of intact railways for locomotion or are used as emergency locomotives. The
665:
and later refined in
Victoria. The idea was to have a locomotive that could transfer from one branch line carrying mainly wheat to another parallel branch line, where the rail connection is very roundabout. The RTL suffered a number of disadvantages. Loads were severely limited when the track was
214:
Unfortunately
Roadrails Ltd later focussed on locomotives that were rail-only but used road wheel for traction either side of the track, and moved away from the style of vehicle shown at the Exhibition with its usefulness in factory yards, dockyards, etc where it could function on road or rail. A
210:
One problem with the road-rail tractor was reversing while on the rails, but the ability to raise the bogie and swap to road mode allowed it to run round the train. At their 1923 annual general meeting they said their new method for converting from road to rail now only took 2 minutes. They were
394:
railcar sidecar. The bus drove over a special ramp to two-track wagons, after which the front wheels no longer touched the rails, but the inside of the rear double wheels remained in contact with the track. At least one of these vehicles powered by wood gas was used in the summer of 1943 on the
1069:
In the UK, technical requirements for road–rail vehicles are the subject of a Rail
Industry Standard (RIS-1530-PLT). In Australia, the Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board (RISSB) is working with manufacturers and operators to produce an Australian standard to which road–rail vehicles must
1062:
Road–rail vehicles, particularly those used for inspection purposes, have been involved in a number of serious incidents, including deaths. There has been ongoing discussion regarding maintenance and inspection standards, including load and load distribution, to minimise the risk of failures.
574:
is one of the leading manufacturers of road-rail vehicles with nearly five decades of experience in the industry. Their range encompasses catenary maintenance vehicles, tunnel and bridge inspection vehicles, measurement vehicles, grinding and welding vehicles, and other customized road-rail
386:
in the USA marketed the Evans Auto-Railer, a bus designed to also travel on railway tracks. The Evans Auto-Railer could also transport freight of 2.5–3t and go on wet, icy and snow-covered railtracks. In the winter of 1934-35, an experimental unit travelled 2,500 miles (4,023 km).
197:
An early promoter of the road-rail system was
Brigadier General Robert Stronach, part of a company called Roadrails Ltd formed around 1920. Roadrails Ltd held a number of patents regarding vehicles that could run on the road or on rail. The idea was that rails offered less rolling
448:
120:
for running on rails. Propulsion is typically through the conventional tires, the flanged wheels being free-rolling, used to keep the vehicle on the rails; the rail wheels are raised and lowered as needed. There are also purpose-built road–rail vehicles. In case of
219:), whereby a rail vehicle used road wheel traction. i.e. it required both road and rail to function. In the end the experiment was unsuccessful and the branch reverted to normal steam engines by about 1927, and Roadrails Ltd was closed down around the same time.
40:
203:
front set of rail wheels jacked down to allow it to haul a load on rails - guided by the rails but driven by the rear road wheels. A road-rail tractor of this type resembling a normal road truck was part of the 1924
472:; the two axles that are carried along are only lowered on the single rail. A test vehicle (DMV901) began trials in January 2004 and DMV911/912 began in September 2005. Further testing began on 4 April 2007, on the
484:. One leg is from Hama-koshimizu to Mokoto (about 11 km) as a rail trip and Mokoto to Hama-koshimizu as a passenger bus (about 25 km). DMV920 was completed in June 2008 with a capacity of 28 passengers.
2084:
451:
455:
454:
450:
449:
456:
215:'Road-rail' branch was built in South Africa, and this used two road-rail locomotives, both converted from steam traction engines. One could be used on road or rail but the other used a Dutton patent (see
170:
and therefore can normally only drive on rail tracks under an engineering possession, when the line is closed to normal traffic. They are generally designed to be insulated, thus they do not activate
294:
equipped with additional rail wheels. It was further developed to the railway version of BTR-40A in 1969. Rerailment took 3–5 minutes. Its road speed was 78 km/h and its rail speed was 65 km/h.
1549:
Obusse in
Deutschland Bd. 1. Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen, Niedersachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen, Sachsen, frühere deutsche Ostgebiete
263:. It was a 7.7 ton 10 mm armoured vehicle with 6 wheels. The road wheels could be replaced by flanged wheels for railways. Its speed was 40 km/h on road and 60 km/h on rail.
453:
544:, Canada, producing hi-rail units since 1997. Their products are known for the automatic locking / unlocking feature and for the rubber spring induced downforce applied to the rails.
252:
for additional railway usage. The speed on rails was 85 km/h forward and 24 km/h reverse. The road speed was 40 km/h. The changing of modes took the crew 30 minutes.
424:
diesel buses were converted so that they could also run on rails. This experiment did not succeed, because the requirements for railcars and road vehicles were too different.
517:
was a pioneer in the US in the 1930s and 1940s. Evans seems to have produced all road–rail vehicle adaptations for the US military during WWII, but was rapidly overtaken by
2249:
1066:
Factors leading to derailment include failed locking equipment, wheel failure, damaged rail wheel support systems, inappropriate tires, and uneven or overloading issues.
313:
506:
has presented the concept of FLEXY, a road-rail fully electric autonomous shuttle for areas of low population density. The first experiments are planned for 2024.
1572:
563:
is a UK-based engineering company that designs and builds road-rail vehicles on demand. Their machines can be found in Poland and the UK. An example is vehicle
1849:
2254:
2156:
551:
rather than road wheels, which allows mode change anywhere without the need to use a level crossing, has been proposed and modelled by
Chinese engineers.
241:
was a Soviet experimental amphibious armoured car first produced in 1932, which could also go on rail tracks. The changing for rail mode took 30 minutes.
133:
rather than road wheels, which allows mode change anywhere without the need to use a level crossing, has been proposed and modelled by
Chinese engineers.
452:
662:
216:
1001:
887:
735:
610:
567:
designed and built for very tight track bends for Bydgoszcz city trams railways maintenance. The vehicle drives on tracks of 1000 mm rail gauge.
331:
1058:
This road–rail truck's forward rail wheels lift its forward road wheels up off the track, leaving only the two inner back wheels on the rails.
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1795:
1556:
1499:
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system so that the driver can apply and release the train brakes during shunting manoeuvres. In order to charge the train brake air hose, an
534:
manufactures highway-based road rail vehicles, trailers, and attachments with simple and safe designs that improve safety and productivity.
527:
branded vehicles have been manufactured in Australia for several decades. Aries Hyrail vehicles continue to be manufactured by Aries Rail.
364:
2035:
1929:
1128:
963:
686:
1982:"Chevrolet Leader News (Vol. 1, No. 2) : Handy (Jam) Organization : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"
1696:
1370:
1201:"Rail Insider-Technology update: Hi-rail equipment. Information For Rail Career Professionals From Progressive Railroading Magazine"
1027:
913:
761:
636:
492:
374:
390:
In the early 1940s, the engineer Talon developed a system in which a normal street bus ran on rails and was able to pull a light
2642:
1955:
1200:
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2552:
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2149:
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thus moving the centre of mass closer to the road axles. This greatly improves the on-road driving performance of the vehicle.
666:
steeply graded. The rubber traction wheels slipped on the steel rails when wet. The life of the rubber tires was rather short.
954:
In Belgium, the company UCA bvba has been constructing road–rail vehicles since 1981. UCA started with converting WF-trac and
352:
1005:
891:
739:
614:
1900:
2318:
958:
for rail traction uses. They built rail car movers, shunting locotractors and other road–rail vehicles. Best known is the
162:
2288:
820:. These vehicles are able to be used for other purposes such as shovelling or forklifting whilst not operating on-rail.
342:
Attempts have been made over the years to design buses and coaches that could operate on both roads and railway tracks.
1225:
990:
876:
724:
661:
with railway wheels that can be lowered when operating on the railway tracks. It was pioneered in the early 1990s by
599:
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32:
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circuits. Nevertheless, some rail operators prefer them to be non-insulated so that they are detectable by
2448:
2412:
2353:
966:
Load-All (UCA-TRAC B) and Fastrac (UCA-TRAC F). The UCA-TRAC provides traction through its rubber wheels.
481:
428:
383:
2085:"Mercedes-Benz Presents the Unimog at InnoTrans 2018: The Unimog Road-Railer: Efficient on Road and Rail"
2427:
2348:
2313:
2278:
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926:
571:
368:
1255:"Design and Performance Analysis of the Hydropneumatic Suspension System for a Novel Road-Rail Vehicle"
2616:
2512:
2323:
125:, road wheels are directly replaced with railway wheels. Vehicles with tires need special areas like
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2343:
2303:
805:(UCA-TRAC F). The UCA-TRAC provides traction through its rubber wheels and is designed to act as a
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141:
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524:
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In Belgium, the company UCA produces the UCA-TRAC, road–rail vehicles based on the chassis of a
774:
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roads and 50 km/h on rails. It needs a leveled area of 5m length for a rail/road changeover.
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249:
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has developed a unmanned road-rail remote controlled vehicle VLEX for shunting up to 300t.
2586:
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1825:
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468:
in 2002, under the name DMV (Dual Mode Vehicle). The DMV920 model no longer used external
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178:. The latter operators normally deploy them on remote lines without boom gates, etc.
1179:
2522:
2407:
2387:
693:
674:
276:
211:"completing designs for a caterpillar type" and of another type for tram service.
167:
106:
1739:
435:, which could run on roads and rail tracks. The original concept was developed by
1771:
1489:
1430:
356:) in 1898 in Berlin. This vehicle ran on batteries and had a range of 6 km.
17:
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61:
1712:"Red Arrow Lines Railbus Experiments 1967 1968 P&W and Media Trolley Lines"
1333:
Broni︠a︡ na kolesakh : istorii︠a︡ sovetskogo broneavtomobili︠a︡, 1925–1945
1047:
heavy technical assistance shunting vehicle truck with a crane and drawbar for
689:
or even used in normal service, where they are suitable for smaller operators.
321:
2457:
2422:
2392:
2333:
2269:
2201:
2179:
2165:
2129:
2124:
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1689:
Trains de Légende: Les Réseaux français et la Naissance de la SNCF (1938–1950)
678:
391:
303:
122:
1981:
1463:
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2216:
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2196:
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1107:
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1417:
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541:
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1271:
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2462:
1956:"Yellow Window Supports SNCF's Innovations Serving Tomorrow's Mobility"
1716:
955:
395:
54 km (34 mi) long railway line from Carcassonne to Quillan.
343:
307:
1875:
947:
An example would be a forklift truck fitted with railway wheels and a
681:
that can move by road to where they are needed. Still mostly used for
2221:
1044:
848:
670:
414:
291:
146:
114:
2134:
2023:
812:
In Australia, similar vehicles are built by Aries Rail using Volvo
359:
Some attempts were carried out in Britain during the 1930s, on the
2397:
2363:
1850:"Japan to get world's 1st operational bus-train dual-mode vehicle"
1053:
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31:
1930:"Mit 'Flexy' vor die Haustür: SNCF testet Mini-Zug in Frankreich"
1522:
1048:
503:
65:
2138:
1253:
Qin, Bonan; Zeng, Riya; Li, Xiaoman; Yang, Jue (3 March 2021).
499:
is used for excursion, which can travel on both road and rail.
207:
at Wembley where it hauled coaches around the exhibition area.
973:
859:
707:
582:
2001:
2012:
1418:
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army: Type 91 Armored Railroad Car
460:
A Japanese vehicle changing from bus mode into railcar mode
560:
27:
Vehicle capable of travelling on roads and railway tracks
1226:"The Paragraph reports on our new rail and road vehicle"
823:
Such vehicles often have cabin-mounted controls for the
1663:"Evans Auto-Railer: dual-purpose transportation units"
540:
is a road–rail conversion unit manufacturer based in
2595:
2551:
2446:
2362:
2268:
2235:
2173:
782:Road–rail vehicles also serve as motive power for
439:workers in the 1970s. In 1980–1981, the workers'
290:The BTR-40 ZhD was the armored personnel carrier
2036:"Vollert develops VLEX road-rail shunting robot"
1365:. Darlington, Maryland: Darlington Productions.
1129:"Japan: road-rail midi-buses on a rural railway"
700:ZT 300 tractors were used in road–rail service.
464:Railroad buses were also developed in Japan, by
1615:"For Both Road and Rail: The Evans Auto-Railer"
149:, road–rail vehicle used for vegetation control
1331:Kolomiet︠s︡, Maksim; Коломиец, Максим (2007).
673:company Brandt has also converted large truck
2150:
831:needs to be fitted to the road–rail vehicle.
786:(switching), the process of sorting items of
488:started dual mode buses on 25 December 2021.
248:were produced. FAI-ZhD was a modification of
8:
417:in different areas from the 1950s to 1970s.
317:Lucas Aerospace Workers' Road-Rail Bus, 1980
1827:Japan Railway & Transport Review No. 51
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1008:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
894:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
742:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
617:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
378:Evans Auto-Railer; Harris & Ewing; 1930
94:, or variations such as high-rail, HiRail,
2157:
2143:
2135:
2061:"2-Wege-Robot VLEX für Schiene und Straße"
1571:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1301:"At Wembley : "Road-Rail" Tractors".
1286:"New Haulage System for Sutherlandshire".
685:maintenance, they can also be employed as
306:. For lightweight passenger railcars, see
109:, keeping their normal wheels with rubber
1270:
1180:"Wagon brake system in a two-way vehicle"
1028:Learn how and when to remove this message
914:Learn how and when to remove this message
762:Learn how and when to remove this message
637:Learn how and when to remove this message
1776:. Reed Business Information. August 1983
1773:Lucas rail-bus gains a new lease of life
1120:
431:considered investing £230,000 into the
217:South African Dutton road-rail tractors
193:(九五式装甲軌道車) on tracks, pulling some cars
1635:"Autorailers and the W&OD | FOWOD"
1564:
346:presented an electric street car bus (
1248:
1246:
653:Road–rail vehicle train brake control
413:, that could be fitted with separate
302:For buses guided on flat tracks, see
7:
1523:"Armored carrier BTR-40A on railway"
1006:adding citations to reliable sources
951:with which to shunt a wagon or two.
892:adding citations to reliable sources
740:adding citations to reliable sources
615:adding citations to reliable sources
1908:Kansas Department of Transportation
1876:"Abilene and Smoky Valley Railroad"
1738:Sadowski, David (2 December 2016).
1154:"SRS Rail System International Ltd"
191:Type 95 armoured railroad car So-Ki
161:Most of such vehicles are used for
1488:Zaloga, Steven J. (20 July 2011).
1429:Zaloga, Steven J. (20 July 2011).
1288:Northern Ensign and Weekly Gazette
25:
2110:1935 Evans Auto Railer Jackson MI
1874:Albin, Jonathan; Ben, M. (2017).
493:Abilene and Smoky Valley Railroad
1359:Russian armoured cars, 1930–2000
978:
864:
712:
687:thunderbird (rescue) locomotives
587:
2438:Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie
244:From 1933 on, small numbers of
1305:. 19 January 1924. p. 19.
1108:Mini Moke § Railway Mokes
129:to change modes. A vehicle on
1:
2130:VLEX Road-rail shunting robot
2087:. Targeted News Service. 2018
2040:Railway Gazette International
1133:Railway Gazette International
778:Shunting vehicle UCA-TRAC B16
113:, but fitted with additional
2638:Maintenance of way equipment
1591:www.warwickshirerailways.com
1178:Beaujot, Ralf (3 May 2007).
962:, based on the chassis of a
579:Road-transferable locomotive
44:British jeep in France, 1945
1880:Clio: Your Guide to History
1619:www.macsmotorcitygarage.com
402:operated buses, called the
2659:
1691:(in German), p. 105,
1547:Schindler, Mattis (2009).
1290:. 19 July 1922. p. 7.
932:Montreal Metro maintenance
801:Load-All (UCA-TRAC B) and
301:
60:which can operate both on
2373:AAR type A switcher truck
1435:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1394:"Sumida M.2593 (Type 91)"
1320:. 31 May 1923. p. 4.
939:Rolling stock maintenance
205:British Empire Exhibition
105:They are often converted
68:. They are also known as
326:Schienen-Straßen-Omnibus
1667:Hagley Digital Archives
1398:www.militaryfactory.com
1316:"Roadrails (Limited)".
1303:Illustrated London News
1205:Progressive Railroading
555:Vollert Anlagenbau GmbH
259:started to produce the
2413:Krauss-Helmholtz bogie
1687:Clive Lamming (2006),
1059:
1051:
935:
844:
843:Unimog two-way vehicle
779:
654:
521:immediately post-war.
461:
429:Greater London Council
384:Evans Products Company
379:
351:
339:
328:
318:
235:
194:
158:
150:
100:rail and road vehicles
77:
45:
37:
2428:Radial steering truck
2245:AAR wheel arrangement
2120:Brekina Schi-stra-bus
2024:Continental Railworks
1901:"Rail Plan 2005–2006"
1356:Kinnear, Jim (2000).
1057:
1043:
929:
842:
777:
652:
538:Continental Railworks
497:Silver Flyer Rail Bus
459:
377:
334:
324:
316:
231:Road–rail version of
230:
189:
163:railroad right-of-way
156:
144:
43:
35:
2255:Swiss classification
1002:improve this section
888:improve this section
736:improve this section
611:improve this section
344:Siemens & Halske
176:train safety systems
157:Road-rail dump truck
1796:"編集長敬白アーカイブ｜鉄道ホビダス"
1587:"The LMS Ro-Railer"
1527:Kubinka tank museum
1335:. Moscow: I︠A︡uza.
1272:10.3390/app11052221
663:Australian National
400:Deutsche Bundesbahn
353:Straßenbahn-Omnibus
36:Road–rail excavator
2643:Road–rail vehicles
2503:Klien-Lindner axle
2250:UIC classification
2227:Dual Control Stand
2115:2022 FLEXI concept
1962:. 28 February 2022
1744:The Trolley Dodger
1621:. 29 February 2020
1610:Multiple sources:
1089:Cater MetroTrolley
1060:
1052:
936:
845:
835:Unimog road-railer
794:, or the reverse.
780:
655:
572:Goldschmidt Sweden
549:caterpillar tracks
486:Asa Kaigan Railway
462:
382:In the 1930s, the
380:
340:
329:
319:
255:From 1933 on, the
236:
233:BA-10 armoured car
195:
172:railway signalling
159:
151:
131:caterpillar tracks
46:
38:
2625:
2624:
2528:Road–rail vehicle
2513:Luttermöller axle
2383:Articulated bogie
2237:Wheel arrangement
1558:978-3-933613-34-9
1501:978-1-84908-958-6
1442:978-1-84908-958-6
1342:978-5-699-21870-7
1038:
1037:
1030:
924:
923:
916:
825:railway air brake
772:
771:
764:
647:
646:
639:
515:Evans Auto-Railer
495:, the hyrail bus
457:
58:dual-mode vehicle
54:rail–road vehicle
50:road–rail vehicle
18:Road-rail vehicle
16:(Redirected from
2650:
2398:Cleminson system
2159:
2152:
2145:
2136:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1993:
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1988:
1978:
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1967:
1952:
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1840:
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1837:
1835:
1830:. pp. 28–39
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1802:. Archived from
1800:rail.hobidas.com
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
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1701:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1653:
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1648:
1646:
1641:on 27 March 2015
1637:. Archived from
1630:
1628:
1626:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1468:www3.plala.or.jp
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1259:Applied Sciences
1250:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1125:
1103:Railroad speeder
1033:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1013:
982:
974:
919:
912:
908:
905:
899:
868:
860:
767:
760:
756:
753:
747:
716:
708:
642:
635:
631:
628:
622:
591:
583:
458:
420:In 1967–68, two
412:
287:railway tracks.
97:
79:Zweiwegefahrzeug
70:two-way vehicles
21:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2591:
2547:
2488:Equalising beam
2442:
2358:
2264:
2231:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:online, heise.
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1806:on 12 June 2020
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1740:"Raymond Loewy"
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1563:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1080:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1014:
999:
983:
972:
941:
920:
909:
903:
900:
885:
869:
858:
837:
768:
757:
751:
748:
733:
717:
706:
643:
632:
626:
623:
608:
592:
581:
512:
447:
437:Lucas Aerospace
422:Red Arrow Lines
406:
311:
300:
298:Road–rail buses
257:Japanese Empire
225:
184:
139:
127:level crossings
95:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2598:exhaust system
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2553:Exhaust system
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Trailing wheel
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Carrying wheel
2470:
2468:Beugniot lever
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2433:Scheffel bogie
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2260:Whyte notation
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2104:External links
2102:
2099:
2098:
2076:
2052:
2027:
2016:
2005:
1994:
1973:
1947:
1920:
1892:
1866:
1841:
1817:
1787:
1756:
1730:
1703:
1697:
1679:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1631:
1603:
1578:
1557:
1539:
1514:
1500:
1494:. Bloomsbury.
1491:Armored Trains
1480:
1455:
1441:
1432:Armored Trains
1421:
1410:
1385:
1371:
1348:
1341:
1323:
1308:
1293:
1278:
1242:
1217:
1192:
1170:
1145:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1085:Alden staRRcar
1081:
1079:
1076:
1036:
1035:
986:
984:
977:
971:
968:
940:
937:
922:
921:
872:
870:
863:
857:
854:
836:
833:
829:air compressor
807:rail car mover
790:into complete
770:
769:
720:
718:
711:
705:
702:
645:
644:
595:
593:
586:
580:
577:
511:
508:
482:Hama-koshimizu
433:Lucas rail-bus
299:
296:
224:
223:Military usage
221:
183:
180:
138:
135:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Leading wheel
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Gölsdorf axle
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Driving wheel
2481:
2479:
2478:Coupled wheel
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Grovers bogie
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Arnoux system
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Bagnall–Price
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Dual-Mode bus
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1698:2-8302-2147-8
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1372:1-892848-05-8
1368:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Railcar mover
1096:
1094:
1093:Jenny Railcar
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1029:
1021:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
996:
992:
987:This section
985:
981:
976:
975:
970:Safety issues
969:
967:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
945:
944:are avoided.
938:
933:
928:
918:
915:
907:
897:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
873:This section
871:
867:
862:
861:
855:
853:
850:
841:
834:
832:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
788:rolling stock
785:
776:
766:
763:
755:
745:
741:
737:
731:
730:
726:
721:This section
719:
715:
710:
709:
703:
701:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
683:permanent way
680:
676:
675:tractor units
672:
667:
664:
660:
657:The RTL is a
651:
641:
638:
630:
620:
616:
612:
606:
605:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
578:
576:
573:
570:Sweden-based
568:
566:
562:
558:
556:
552:
550:
547:A vehicle on
545:
543:
539:
535:
533:
528:
526:
522:
520:
516:
510:Manufacturers
509:
507:
505:
500:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:In 1983, the
425:
423:
418:
416:
410:
405:
404:Schi-Stra-Bus
401:
396:
393:
388:
385:
376:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
354:
349:
345:
338:
337:Jenny Railcar
333:
327:
323:
315:
309:
305:
297:
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
269:
268:Type 95 So-Ki
264:
262:
261:Sumida M.2593
258:
253:
251:
247:
242:
240:
234:
229:
222:
220:
218:
212:
208:
206:
201:
192:
188:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:rolling stock
164:
155:
148:
143:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
119:
116:
112:
108:
107:road vehicles
103:
101:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
42:
34:
30:
19:
2527:
2523:Railway tire
2449:running gear
2408:Jacobs bogie
2388:Bissel truck
2177:positioning
2089:. Retrieved
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2019:
2008:
2002:Aries Hyrail
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:Railway-News
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:heise online
1933:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1826:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1799:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1772:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1688:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:the original
1623:. Retrieved
1618:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1551:. Nordhorn.
1548:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1490:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1431:
1424:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1358:
1351:
1332:
1326:
1318:The Scotsman
1317:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1262:
1258:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1158:Railway-News
1157:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1123:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1024:
1018:January 2022
1015:
1000:Please help
988:
953:
946:
942:
910:
904:January 2022
901:
886:Please help
874:
846:
822:
818:telehandlers
811:
796:
781:
758:
749:
734:Please help
722:
694:East Germany
691:
668:
656:
633:
627:January 2022
624:
609:Please help
597:
569:
559:
553:
546:
536:
529:
525:Aries Hyrail
523:
513:
501:
496:
490:
463:
432:
426:
419:
397:
389:
381:
358:
341:
289:
265:
254:
245:
243:
237:
213:
209:
196:
160:
118:steel wheels
104:
99:
91:
87:
83:
69:
53:
49:
47:
29:
2538:Train wheel
2518:Radial axle
2498:Journal box
2418:Mason Bogie
2354:Walschaerts
2192:Cab forward
1936:(in German)
1913:24 February
1885:24 February
1859:12 February
1854:Kyodo News+
1265:(5): 2221.
856:Maintenance
803:JCB Fastrac
698:Fortschritt
679:locomotives
677:for use as
575:solutions.
466:JR Hokkaido
407: [
361:Nickey Line
285:broad gauge
123:jeep trains
62:rail tracks
2632:Categories
2458:Adams axle
2423:Pony truck
2393:Blomberg B
2349:Stephenson
2334:Kuhn slide
2270:Valve gear
2202:Steeplecab
2180:Short hood
2166:Locomotive
2091:23 January
1672:23 January
1532:23 January
1507:23 January
1473:14 January
1448:14 January
1403:14 January
1378:14 January
752:March 2017
474:Senmo Line
392:Decauville
367:, using a
304:Guided bus
200:resistance
2607:Blastpipe
2324:Hackworth
2217:Cowl unit
2212:Hood unit
2197:Sharknose
2184:Long hood
2013:Permaquip
1834:25 August
1810:6 January
1780:6 January
1749:6 January
1723:6 January
1645:6 January
1625:6 January
1596:6 January
1567:cite book
1235:6 January
1210:6 January
1185:6 January
1163:6 January
1138:6 January
989:does not
875:does not
816:and AUSA
723:does not
598:does not
532:Permaquip
530:UK-based
502:In 2022,
444:to rail.
369:Ro-Railer
2612:Smokebox
2600:elements
2577:Lemaître
2543:Wheelset
2451:elements
2344:Southern
2304:Caprotti
2207:Cab unit
1966:22 April
1940:22 April
1078:See also
1070:comply.
960:UCA-TRAC
949:coupling
784:shunting
704:Shunting
671:Canadian
542:Montreal
519:Fairmont
476:between
281:standard
272:tankette
137:Overview
2617:Chimney
2596:Common
2587:Lemprex
2567:Kylchap
2463:Axlebox
2319:Gresley
2299:Bulleid
2294:Baguley
2069:11 June
2045:11 June
1987:23 July
1717:YouTube
1464:"So-Ki"
1010:removed
995:sources
956:MB-trac
934:tractor
896:removed
881:sources
814:loaders
744:removed
729:sources
619:removed
604:sources
565:PT9-RRV
561:Inbiuro
491:On the
441:combine
308:Railbus
246:FAI-ZhD
182:History
145:Certis
115:flanged
98:), and
96:Hy-rail
92:railway
88:highway
84:hi-rail
2582:Lempor
2572:Kylpor
2447:Other
2222:Boxcab
2168:design
1695:
1555:
1498:
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849:Unimog
792:trains
478:Mokoto
470:bogies
415:bogies
348:German
292:BTR-40
277:narrow
270:was a
147:Unimog
86:(from
74:German
2562:Giesl
2555:types
2366:types
2364:Bogie
2339:Lentz
2314:Gooch
2284:Baker
2279:Allan
2272:types
2064:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1363:(PDF)
1115:Notes
1049:trams
696:some
659:truck
411:]
239:BAD-2
111:tires
66:roads
64:and
56:is a
52:or a
2093:2022
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1989:2014
1968:2022
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1836:2020
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1693:ISBN
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1573:link
1553:ISBN
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993:any
991:cite
930:Old
879:any
877:cite
847:The
727:any
725:cite
669:The
602:any
600:cite
504:SNCF
480:and
398:The
283:and
266:The
90:and
2329:Joy
2309:Gab
2175:Cab
1267:doi
1230:SLW
1045:MAN
1004:by
964:JCB
890:by
799:JCB
738:by
692:In
613:by
365:LMS
363:by
250:FAI
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