341:
55:
157:
261:
129:, and in modern times are favoured by yachtsmen on round-the-world voyages and competitions. The boundaries of the Roaring Forties are not consistent: The wind-stream shifts north or south depending on the season. The strong and continuous winds in the Roaring Forties make this zone advantageous for
454:
217:. These relatively small obstructions, which are themselves bordered by large tracts of open water along their southern shores, allow high wind speeds to develop – much higher than near
340:
54:
288:
to use the
Roaring Forties to speed their passage across the Indian Ocean, then on the return leg, continue eastwards across the Pacific Ocean and south of
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Hot air rises at the
Equator and is pushed towards the poles by cooler air travelling towards the Equator (an atmospheric circulation feature known as the
444:
750:
609:
194:. This travel in the 30°–60°S zone combines with the rotation of the earth to move the air currents from west to east, creating westerly winds.
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248:
and similar winds are not consistent: All shift towards the South Pole in the southern summer, and towards the
Equator in the southern winter.
35:
746:
655:
356:
emissions. This has caused faster warming across much of southern
Australia (especially in winter) and less rainfall in Western Australia.
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697:
328:
Modern round-the-world sailors also take advantage of the
Roaring Forties to speed travel times, in particular those involved in
186:). At about 30°S, the outward-travelling air sinks to lower altitudes, and continues toward the poles closer to the ground (the
348:
The peak band of winds has moved approximately 2.5 degrees south in the late 20th century, from a combination of human-induced
329:
252:, the capital of New Zealand, is known as "Windy Welly" because it is one of the few cities situated in these gusty latitudes.
379:
391:
311:. "To run the easting down" was the phrase used to describe the fast passages achieved in the Roaring Forties. The story
794:
721:
637:
332:. An old sailor's expression goes, "below 40 degrees south, there is no law; below 50 degrees, there is no God."
229:
impede the flow of circum-planetary westerly winds. Similar but stronger wind conditions prevalent closer to the
421:
647:
177:
31:
520:
Tkalčić, Hrvoje; Eakin, Caroline; Coffin, M F; Rawlinson, Nick; Stock, Joann Miriam (27 September 2022),
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268:, taken by ships sailing from Europe to Australia in order to take advantage of the Roaring Forties
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Similar but even stronger conditions that occur at more southerly latitudes are called the
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58:
Roaring
Forties as they contract towards southern Australia (observed in September 1895).
779:
687:
353:
307:, discovered in 1611, which effectively halved the duration of the trip from Europe to
773:
636:
Dear, I.C.B.; Kemp, Peter, eds. (2007). "The Oxford
Companion to Ships and the Sea".
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air currents are caused by the combination of air being displaced from the
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445:"Roaring Forties' shift south means more droughts for southern Australia"
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103:
75:
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91:
553:. Vol. 48, no. 7,343. Adelaide. 14 February 1947. p. 5
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unwisely venturing into these latitudes to achieve a faster passage.
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produce high waves, and they erode the shore as shown in this image.
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155:
523:
Deploying a submarine seismic observatory in the
Furious Fifties
508:
308:
87:
241:), and the "Shrieking" or "Screaming Sixties" (below 60°S).
190:), then rises up again from about 60°S as the air joins the
109:
The
Roaring Forties were a major aid to ships sailing the
284:
would sail down the west coast of Africa and round the
27:
Strong westerly winds found in the
Southern Hemisphere
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438:
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8:
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378:, a British sailor who perished in the 1969
133:in places such as New Zealand and Tasmania.
106:to serve as windbreaks at those latitudes.
561:– via National Library of Australia.
344:A ship sailing through the Roaring Forties
233:are referred to as the "Furious Fifties" (
644:The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
374:, a drama movie inspired by the death of
751:University of Maryland, Baltimore County
596:
594:
479:Catchpole, Heather (20 September 2007).
339:
292:before sailing up the east coast of the
197:The large tracts of open ocean south of
53:
432:
612:from the original on 25 September 2023
276:, ships travelling from Europe to the
36:Roaring Forties (Frederick Judd Waugh)
7:
299:It was first used by Dutch explorer
489:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
321:describes the events that befall a
457:from the original on 18 July 2023.
25:
30:For the Peter Hammill album, see
747:"Clipper ships in heavy weather"
221:, where the large continents of
38:. For the electric company, see
602:"What are the Roaring Forties?"
443:Davidson, Helen (12 May 2014).
689:The Oxford book of sea stories
573:"Exploring the Southern Ocean"
380:Sunday Times Golden Globe Race
1:
785:Maritime history of Australia
545:"Perilous Tow for Polar Ship"
392:Antarctic Circumpolar Current
726:BFI | Film & TV Database
526:, American Geophysical Union
244:The latitude ranges for the
722:"Les 40e RUGISSANTS (1982)"
692:. Oxford University Press.
686:Tanner, Tony, ed. (2002) .
642:. Oxford Reference Online.
160:The Roaring Forties in the
811:
364:In 1982, French filmmaker
171:
44:
29:
422:Winds in the Age of Sail
330:record attempts or races
201:are interrupted only by
74:, generally between the
70:winds that occur in the
45:Not to be confused with
34:. For the painting, see
648:Oxford University Press
178:Atmospheric circulation
32:Roaring Forties (album)
345:
269:
169:
102:, and the scarcity of
59:
407:Antarctic oscillation
366:Christian de Chalonge
343:
263:
159:
57:
795:Circles of latitude
749:. Catonsville, MD:
732:on 7 February 2009.
577:Eco-Photo Explorers
371:The Roaring Forties
336:Impact of pollution
72:Southern Hemisphere
579:. 21 December 2009
346:
270:
170:
60:
657:978-0-19-860616-1
481:"Roaring forties"
417:Subtropical ridge
286:Cape of Good Hope
211:the southern part
146:Screaming Sixties
16:(Redirected from
802:
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757:on 12 March 2017
753:. Archived from
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728:. Archived from
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412:Southerly buster
376:Donald Crowhurst
174:Prevailing winds
100:Earth's rotation
47:Roaring Twenties
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639:Roaring Forties
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360:Popular culture
350:ozone depletion
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301:Hendrik Brouwer
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256:Use for sailing
246:Roaring Forties
180:
154:
138:Furious Fifties
64:Roaring Forties
50:
43:
28:
23:
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18:Roaring forties
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5:
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740:External links
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354:greenhouse gas
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305:Brouwer Route
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266:Clipper Route
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227:North America
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111:Brouwer Route
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86:. The strong
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19:
759:. Retrieved
755:the original
730:the original
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669:. Retrieved
643:
638:
614:. Retrieved
606:Surfer Today
605:
581:. Retrieved
576:
567:
555:. Retrieved
548:
539:
528:, retrieved
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515:
509:Wind turbine
504:
492:. Retrieved
487:. In Depth.
484:
450:The Guardian
448:
369:
363:
347:
327:
316:
313:Easting Down
312:
298:
271:
245:
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196:
192:Polar vortex
181:
145:
141:
137:
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108:
94:towards the
63:
61:
51:
790:Age of Sail
616:18 December
485:ABC Science
282:Australasia
278:East Indies
274:Age of Sail
272:During the
207:New Zealand
188:Ferrel Cell
184:Hadley Cell
166:New Zealand
162:Cook Strait
127:Age of Sail
125:during the
123:Australasia
119:East Indies
66:are strong
40:Roaring 40s
774:Categories
708:1200552340
557:7 February
530:7 February
428:References
296:to home.
250:Wellington
231:South Pole
172:See also:
131:wind power
104:landmasses
96:South Pole
368:directed
323:steamship
290:Cape Horn
142:Shrieking
84:50° south
76:latitudes
671:14 April
666:60793921
610:Archived
550:The News
455:Archived
402:Doldrums
386:See also
318:Shalimar
294:Americas
203:Tasmania
152:Dynamics
140:and the
88:eastward
68:westerly
583:7 April
494:7 April
303:in his
223:Eurasia
117:to the
92:Equator
761:14 May
706:
696:
664:
654:
209:, and
115:Europe
780:Winds
113:from
763:2021
704:OCLC
694:ISBN
673:2011
662:OCLC
652:ISBN
618:2023
585:2011
559:2024
532:2024
496:2011
352:and
309:Java
264:The
239:60°S
235:50°S
225:and
219:40°N
199:40°S
176:and
82:and
62:The
315:by
280:or
237:to
213:of
164:of
144:or
121:or
80:40°
78:of
776::
724:.
702:.
660:.
650:.
646:.
626:^
608:.
604:.
593:^
575:.
547:.
483:.
463:^
453:.
447:.
435:^
382:.
205:,
148:.
98:,
765:.
710:.
675:.
620:.
587:.
498:.
49:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
