338:
deduced that the "lucky" laser hit Conway claims allowed him to defeat a clearly superior opponent was in fact deliberately aimed; Matsumoto accuses Conway of being a
Confederation agent. Conway confesses and shoots Matsumoto, who secretly records the deed as part of the mission briefing. Conway informs the Market leadership that Matsumoto was the spy. On the day of the fight Athena drugs Achilles and steals his jox suit to commandeer the robot. Unable to stop the fight once she takes the field, the Market decides to support her. While watching Matsumoto's briefing on the robot's new weaponry, the footage of Conway killing Matsumoto is played and Conway jumps down the robot's elevator shaft to his death.
342:
smashes the referee hovercraft; the two jox stand to continue the fight. Both robots take to the air and a short space battle ensues. Alexander critically damages
Achilles' robot, forcing him to crash land and flee for cover to the arm of Alexander's robot Athena sliced off earlier in the fight. Achilles hotwires the arm to launch its fist at Alexander, destroying his robot. Alexander emerges from the wreckage and the two battle with poles before Achilles finally convinces Alexander a match does not have to end with the death of a jock. Alexander throws down his weapon, and they salute each other with the jox's traditional "crash and burn"
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referees declare the match a draw and order a rematch, but
Achilles, shaken by what happened, declares this was his contractual tenth match and announces his retirement. He goes to live with his brother Philip and his family, and finds he is publicly branded a traitor and a coward. Meanwhile, a new jox is chosen to face Alexander, a genetically engineered "gen jox" named Athena, who is the first female jox. Worried for Athena and attracted to her, Achilles returns to the Market and agrees to fight Alexander again, infuriating Athena.
443:
512:. Haldeman claimed his and Gordon's visions for the film clashed; the former wanted a dramatic, serious science fiction film while the latter wanted a more audience-friendly, special effects-driven action film with stereotypical characters and stylized pseudo-science. In a one-and-a-half-page outline, Gordon inserted other elements into the plot, including the film's
822:(1990) ... revels in exploring the technical complexities of its central conceit—nations warring vicariously through giant robots piloted by gladiator-type "jockies"—it repeatedly emphasizes how much of the human has been surrendered to the technological and concludes with its chief antagonists abandoning their mechanical mounts to live in peace.
29:
802:
received little media coverage during its initial release, but the professional critics who did review it rated it poorly, noting the film's struggle to find a balance between adult and child audiences. By the time the film was released, its Cold War themes had become less relevant to United States
325:
operated by pilots called "robot jox" who are contracted to fight ten matches. The
Confederation champion is Alexander, who has killed his last nine opponents thanks in part to a spy in the Market leaking information to the Confederation. The Market's champion, Achilles has won nine fights and will
537:
Several times, Haldeman feared that this clash would lead to him being dropped from the project, but the film's producers sided with him during pre-production. Haldeman wrote that Gordon later recognized that the author was "writing a movie for adults that children can enjoy" while Gordon had been
341:
Alexander takes the field against Athena. Athena takes the early advantage, but
Alexander overpowers her and incapacitates the robot. The fight is declared in Alexander's favor and referees order him to stand down. Achilles arrives on the field and takes over the robot from Athena while Alexander
333:
As
Achilles gets the upper hand in the match, Alexander launches a rocket fist at him. The projectile goes out of control and heads toward the bleachers. Achilles intercepts the projectile but his robot takes the full force of the impact and is knocked into the crowd, killing over 300 people. The
813:
wrote that the film "spreads its dubious resources across the world, dealing with the already dated power-mad rivalry between
America and the U.S.S.R. for domination." Haldeman was generally unsatisfied with the movie, later writing that "it's as if I'd had a child who started out well and then
584:
released the film to theaters on
November 21, 1990. When it peaked in its second weekend at the 13th spot, it grossed $ 464,441 in 333 theaters, averaging $ 1,394 per theater; it eventually earned a domestic total gross of $ 1,272,977. Its limited run in theaters prompted science fiction writer
337:
As
Achilles' robot is rebuilt, Matsumoto refuses to divulge any knowledge of its new weapons so it cannot be leaked by the spy, and Conway confides in Achilles he believes Matsumoto is the spy. Conway confronts Matsumoto in his office. Matsumoto reveals he has analyzed Conway's final fight and
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While there have been animated cartoons based on these giant robots, no one has ever attempted a live-action feature about them. It struck me that it was a natural fantasy for the big screen–and a terrific opportunity to take advantage of the special effects that are available
321:, mankind is decimated and the surviving nations—the American western-influenced Market and the Soviet-Russian-influenced Confederation—have agreed to outlaw traditional open war. In their place, disputes are settled with gladiator-style matches between
826:, though, is just one of a great many such films to depict the attractions and promises of science and technology as essentially fictions, dangerous illusions from which we eventually have to pull back as best we can if we are to retain our humanity.
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stuff. I tried to make believable, reasonable characters, and Stuart would insist on throwing in clichés and caricatures. It was especially annoying because it was a story about soldiers, and I was the only person around who'd ever been
1707:
489:. The footage impressed the film's potential backers, and eventually became the film's opening title sequence. Initially budgeted at $ 7 million, the film was to be the most expensive film Empire Pictures had ever produced.
593:, a movie with a screenplay by Joe Haldeman, was supposedly released this year, but if it played through Philadelphia at all, it must have done so fast, because I never even saw a listing for it, let alone the movie itself."
502:, but when funding for the project was cut, Gordon instead directed a stage adaptation of the book, which Haldeman also wrote. Two years later, Gordon asked Haldeman to work on a science fiction adaptation of the
897:
noted that Gordon's style gave the film "a pleasantly uncluttered comic-bookish look", while
Haldeman's influences could be seen "in his distinctive blend of military-hardware expertise and anti-war attitudes".
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stated that "Talgorn's usual strong development of thematic ideas is well utilized in rather simplistic fashion in this film, perfect for the contrasting characters and their underdeveloped dimensions."
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in January 1987 and ended in April. During filming, the producers brought in Haldeman to work with the film's principal actors. Afterwards, Allen began to produce the film's special effects sequences.
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1987:
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Although most official reports place the budget for the film at $ 10 million, director Stuart Gordon has stated that "the actual budget ended up being about $ 6.5 million."
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tracks: one featuring director Stuart Gordon and another with special effects artists Paul Gentry, Mark Rutherford, and Paul Jesel. The disc also included various behind-the-scenes
791:
On June 27, 2023, Arrow Films released their new 2k restoration from the film's original negative on Blu-Ray as part of their "Enter the Video Store: Empire of Screams" boxset.
305:
received negative critical response and little audience attention upon its first theatrical run. The film has been released on various home video formats, most recently on
293:
approved Gordon's initial concept, the director approached Haldeman to write the script. Gordon and Haldeman clashed frequently over the film's tone and intended audience.
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wrote the screenplay for the film and co-wrote the story with Gordon. The two met when Gordon was hired to film a four-part adaptation of Haldeman's novel
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the sound of the screaming crowd from the end of Achilles' battle with Alexander in the film for their song "The Becoming" from their 1994 album
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delayed the film's release in theaters until 1990. It earned $ 1,272,977 in domestic theatrical gross, failing to return its production cost.
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330:. Achilles is supported by robot designer "Doc" Matsumoto and strategist Tex Conway, the only jox to win all ten of his contract fights.
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was released in December 2012, online critics and bloggers began to revisit the film, noting the similarities between the two films.
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286:" who pilot giant machines that fight international battles to settle territorial disputes in a dystopian, post-apocalyptic world.
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723:. Since Prometheus Records reissued the soundtrack in 1993, it has received generally high acclaim. An editorial review by
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has attracted a minor cult following of devoted fans and influenced various elements of popular culture. American
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1326:|people=Paul Gentry, Mark Rutherford, and Paul Jesel |year=2015 |title=Robot Jox |medium=Motion picture |format=
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sustained brain damage." Academic criticism was somewhat more positive, with film scholar J. P. Telotte writing:
560:, due to its bright skies and unobstructed panoramic view; however, weather elements frequently delayed filming.
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In 2012, Haldeman wrote that he had first heard the phrase "crash and burn" used as a greeting between
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576:, was published that year), the film's theatrical run was initially delayed until April 1990 due to
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as an example of how Gordon "can mix satire with special effects to great aplomb." Writing for
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I would try to change the science into something reasonable; Stuart would change it back to
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481:, to produce. Band changed his mind, however, and asked Gordon to create a demo reel of
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1867:(Podcast). Badasses, Boobs, and Body Counts. Event occurs at 12:20. Archived from
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helped design the robots for these scenes. Allen chose to film these sequences at
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Counts, Kyle (Summer 1989). Schoengood, Bruce (ed.). "Robot Jox Rides Again".
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with the concept, Band said the film would be too expensive for his studio,
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2003:
1628:"Robot Jox Blu-ray Review: One man's mecha is another man's giant robot"
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Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide
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1231:(Interview). Interviewed by John A. Gallagher. New York. pp. 90–99
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807:, which the filmmakers had intended to capitalize on, had diminished.
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threatened to sue based on the title's similarity to their 1987 film
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856:. In February 2012, Cinema Studies Student Union showed the film at
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Author Joe Haldeman clashed repeatedly with director Stuart Gordon
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fight his final match against Alexander for the territory of
780:, as well as trailers and archival materials. Reviewers for
1917:(1989) is recognizable in the trailer as a clear influence.
1748:
Replications: A Robotic History of the Science Fiction Film
508:; the idea would form the basis for what eventually became
1428:. In Allon, Yoram; Cullen, Del; Patterson, Hannah (eds.).
1477:
The Year's Best Science Fiction: Eighth Annual Collection
883:(2009), Alex Fitch praised Gordon's work in 2010, citing
860:
as part of a "cult film triple bill", and in August, the
1356:(Interview). Interviewed by Timon Singh and Tim Popple.
757:. Though the cover still includes the film's theatrical
538:"directing a movie for children that adults can enjoy."
1243:
is seven million, the biggest budget Empire's ever had.
297:
finished in Rome in 1987, but the bankruptcy of Band's
282:, the film's plot follows Achilles, one of the "robot
1667:"'Robot' Runs Out of Steam Going Through the Motions"
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Critical reception to the film has also improved. In
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announced that the company would release the film on
706:, who had previously composed the music for the 1989
568:
Although originally scheduled for release in 1989 (a
1346:"Exclusive Interview: Director Stuart Gordon talks
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580:' bankruptcy during production. After more delays,
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772:Disc in the summer of 2015. The disc included two
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1030:were marketed on home video in some countries as
949:, it "would have been robots fighting aliens".
516:-era themes. Haldeman wanted to title the film
1935:, Moviegoers Show Signs of Apocalypse Fatigue"
1062:
1060:
1058:
945:", expressing that if he had done a sequel to
2351:English-language science fiction action films
2061:
1537:Erickson, Glenn; Charles, John (2005-11-28).
1299:"Interim Report – An Autobiographical Ramble"
1042:, the plots of the three films are unrelated.
8:
2042:– Includes special effects production stills
1138:
1136:
680:Robot Jox Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
604:Robot Jox Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2194:H. P. Lovecraft's Dreams in the Witch-House
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
788:recommended the disc for fans of the film.
2068:
2054:
2046:
1266:On The Big Screen At The Alamo Drafthouse"
1255:
1253:
1251:
1199:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 97.
937:on steroids". In 2014, Gordon stated that
600:
473:When Gordon initially approached producer
27:
18:
921:was "a mash-up of the 1980s B-movie film
485:test footage with special effects artist
454:stated that the initial inspiration for
1855:Mike (?) and Bo Ransdell (2012-12-21).
1054:
958:
278:. Co-written by science-fiction author
1436:: Wallflower Press. pp. 206–207.
872:held special midnight screenings of a
715:, wrote the orchestral film score for
2281:American science fiction action films
1652:"Arrow Video Announces June Releases"
7:
1507:Clemmensen, Christian (1997-04-19).
572:, written by science fiction author
2296:Empire International Pictures films
1399:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
1079:: Intellect Books. pp. 33–35.
890:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
2301:English-language independent films
2271:1990s science fiction action films
14:
2331:Films using stop-motion animation
1474:(1991-06-15). "Summation: 1990".
1001:, producers changed the title to
917:writer Clarie Suddath noted that
558:San Bernardino County, California
403:Michael Saad – Spectator/Prole #2
2341:Films scored by Frédéric Talgorn
1990:from the original on 2014-07-16.
1672:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
1626:Kauffman, Jeffrey (2015-07-06).
803:audiences and the popularity of
739:Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
2316:Films directed by Stuart Gordon
2291:American post-apocalyptic films
1913:Amongst other films and media,
1790:"Films, Samples and Influences"
1557:from the original on 2010-01-08
1406:from the original on 2013-04-30
1364:from the original on 2015-06-05
1189:Gallagher, John Andrew (1989).
1929:Suddath, Claire (2013-07-13).
1260:Saucedo, Robert (2012-07-30).
406:Ian Patrick Williams – Phillip
1:
1344:Gordon, Stuart (2015-07-05).
1229:"Film Directors on Directing"
719:, which was performed by the
578:Empire International Pictures
175:Triumph Releasing Corporation
2261:1990s English-language films
2170:The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit
1900:. 2012-12-04. Archived from
1757:University of Illinois Press
1684:As a pre-glasnost pep talk,
1665:Murray, Steve (1990-12-18).
721:Paris Philharmonic Orchestra
1962:Lambie, Ryan (2014-07-02).
1197:Film Directors on Directing
835:Since its initial release,
424:Gary Houston – Sportscaster
415:Carolyn Purdy-Gordon – Kate
189:November 21, 1990
2367:
2346:1990 science fiction films
2276:American independent films
1964:"Stuart Gordon Interview:
1600:Lee, Daniel (2015-07-15).
1069:"Directors: Stuart Gordon"
749:formats. In October 2005,
16:1990 film by Stuart Gordon
2084:
1720:. 1990-12-24. p. SC3
1360:: Bristol Bad Film Club.
1073:Directory of World Cinema
881:Directory of World Cinema
818:While a recent film like
664:
524:. According to Haldeman:
520:, but Gordon insisted on
33:Theatrical release poster
26:
2321:Films shot in California
2286:American dystopian films
2138:The Pit and the Pendulum
1708:"No Brains, or Heart in
1071:. In Berra, John (ed.).
530:Saturday morning cartoon
433:(uncredited) – Bartender
1813:Peter K. (2012-02-22).
1745:Telotte, J. P. (1995).
1734:(subscription required)
1696:(subscription required)
1330:|time=43:12 |publisher=
862:Alamo Drafthouse Cinema
492:Science-fiction author
458:came from the Japanese
2266:1990 independent films
1943:Bloomberg Businessweek
1729: – via
1691: – via
1424:Bamford, Paul (2002).
914:Bloomberg Businessweek
901:After the trailer for
858:Innis College, Toronto
828:
751:MGM Home Entertainment
535:
471:
447:
427:Russel Case – Hercules
376:– Commissioner Jameson
1815:"Toronto Screenings:
1539:"DVD Savant Review –
1262:"Crash And Burn. See
816:
753:released the film on
741:released the film on
544:on the film began in
542:Principal photography
526:
466:
445:
382:– Dr. "Doc" Matsumoto
295:Principal photography
2251:1990s American films
2130:Daughter of Darkness
1270:BirthMoviesDeath.com
1067:Fitch, Alex (2010).
795:Reception and legacy
400:– Spectator/Prole #1
317:Fifty years after a
260:science-fiction film
2256:1990 animated films
2114:Kid Safe: The Video
1576:"Robot Jox Blu-ray"
1513:– Editorial Review"
853:The Downward Spiral
388:– Professor Laplace
252:is a 1990 American
2326:Films shot in Rome
2076:Films directed by
1717:The Sacramento Bee
1272:. BadassDigest.com
903:Guillermo del Toro
876:copy of the film.
810:The Sacramento Bee
652:Prometheus Records
448:
362:Anne-Marie Johnson
272:Anne-Marie Johnson
89:Anne-Marie Johnson
2233:
2232:
1984:Dennis Publishing
1871:on March 28, 2022
1794:The Nachtkabarett
1334:|oclc=914934894}}
976:motorcycle racers
764:In October 2014,
701:
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697:
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392:Michael Alldredge
319:nuclear holocaust
245:
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114:Michael Alldredge
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2311:Fictional robots
2306:Fictional giants
2186:King of the Ants
2070:
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1992:
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1959:
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1939:businessweek.com
1926:
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1898:SciFiMethods.com
1886:
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1865:horrorphilia.com
1852:
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1833:. Archived from
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1753:Urbana, Illinois
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1515:. Archived from
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1432:(2nd ed.).
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1301:. Archived from
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704:Frédéric Talgorn
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658:Frédéric Talgorn
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615:Frédéric Talgorn
610:Soundtrack album
601:
589:to remark that "
254:post-apocalyptic
233:$ 6.5–10 million
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149:Frédéric Talgorn
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1225:"Stuart Gordon"
1223:(August 1986).
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1192:"Stuart Gordon"
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1075:. Vol. 2.
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845:Nine Inch Nails
841:industrial rock
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499:The Forever War
479:Empire Pictures
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299:Empire Pictures
289:After producer
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2037:The Making of
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1163:(2012-01-16).
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358:– Achilles/Jim
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1980:DenOfGeek.com
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1904:on 2013-01-31
1903:
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1837:on 2012-12-23
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1759:. p. 8.
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1688:is all right.
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1519:on 2010-01-14
1518:
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1500:
1489:
1487:9781466829473
1483:
1480:. Macmillan.
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1305:on 2011-05-14
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1171:on 2012-02-07
1170:
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1161:Haldeman, Joe
1156:
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786:Hi-Def Digest
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582:Triumph Films
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518:The Mechanics
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452:Stuart Gordon
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431:Stuart Gordon
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410:Jason Marsden
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266:and starring
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264:Stuart Gordon
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241:$ 1.3 million
240:
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62:Stuart Gordon
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49:Screenplay by
47:
44:
43:Stuart Gordon
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2226:" (TV, 2008)
2214:
2211:" (TV, 2007)
2199:
2196:" (TV, 2005)
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2176:
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2154:Castle Freak
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2120:
2112:
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2026:
2015:
2004:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1946:. Retrieved
1938:
1932:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:the original
1897:
1891:
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1864:
1858:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1827:! ALL FREE!"
1824:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1783:
1747:
1740:
1722:. Retrieved
1715:
1709:
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1685:
1683:
1677:. Retrieved
1675:. p. E8
1670:
1660:
1646:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1605:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1582:. 2014-10-20
1579:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1546:
1540:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:the original
1510:
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1476:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1429:
1419:
1408:. Retrieved
1397:
1391:
1366:. Retrieved
1351:
1347:
1339:
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1274:. Retrieved
1269:
1263:
1240:
1239:
1233:. Retrieved
1215:
1196:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:the original
1155:
1143:
1126:
1122:
1098:. Retrieved
1072:
1040:Charles Band
1035:
1025:
1019:
1010:
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805:Transformers
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689:Buried Alive
687:
679:
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669:
590:
570:novelization
567:
556:lake bed in
540:
536:
527:
521:
517:
509:
503:
497:
494:Joe Haldeman
491:
475:Charles Band
472:
467:
461:Transformers
459:
455:
449:
394:– Tex Conway
386:Hilary Mason
340:
336:
332:
323:giant robots
316:
302:
291:Charles Band
288:
280:Joe Haldeman
262:directed by
248:
247:
246:
205:Running time
182:Release date
137:Ted Nicolaou
109:Hilary Mason
71:Charles Band
53:Joe Haldeman
2336:Mecha films
2098:From Beyond
2090:Re-Animator
1970:Pacific Rim
1966:Re-Animator
1933:Pacific Rim
1892:Pacific Rim
1859:From Beyond
1632:Blu-ray.com
1602:"Robot Jox"
1580:Blu-ray.com
1547:DVDTalk.com
1386:Newman, Kim
1352:Re-Animator
1322:{{AV media=
1129:(2): 54–58.
939:Pacific Rim
919:Pacific Rim
908:Pacific Rim
782:Blu-ray.com
778:featurettes
708:horror film
483:stop motion
419:Thyme Lewis
370:– Alexander
356:Gary Graham
268:Gary Graham
127:Mac Ahlberg
84:Gary Graham
67:Produced by
39:Directed by
2246:1990 films
2240:Categories
1948:2013-07-15
1908:2013-01-03
1875:2012-12-22
1841:2013-01-03
1799:2012-10-18
1724:2012-10-25
1679:2013-02-17
1637:2015-12-13
1612:2015-12-13
1586:2015-01-09
1561:2013-01-03
1523:2012-10-25
1493:2013-02-14
1457:2012-06-14
1410:2013-06-05
1368:2015-12-13
1309:2012-06-14
1276:2012-10-25
1235:2013-02-14
1175:2013-02-17
1100:2012-06-14
1050:References
1027:Robot Wars
941:was like "
931:] and
925: [
895:Kim Newman
734:Home media
660:chronology
597:Soundtrack
464:toy line:
438:Production
368:Paul Koslo
276:Paul Koslo
238:Box office
209:85 minutes
193:1990-11-21
156:Production
94:Paul Koslo
2122:Robot Jox
2039:Robot Jox
2027:Robot Jox
2016:Robot Jox
2005:Robot Jox
1915:Robot Jox
1821:Robot Jox
1710:Robot Jox
1686:Robot Jox
1541:Robot Jox
1511:Robot Jox
1392:Robot Jox
1348:Robot Jox
1264:Robot Jox
1165:"Slogans"
1144:Robot Jox
1123:Horrorfan
1095:762158992
1036:Robot Jox
1003:Robot Jox
980:Speedweek
978:during a
947:Robot Jox
893:in 2012,
885:Robot Jox
837:Robot Jox
824:Robot Jox
820:Robot Jox
800:Robot Jox
759:PG rating
747:LaserDisc
717:Robot Jox
642:(reissue)
591:Robot Jox
554:El Mirage
510:Robot Jox
456:Robot Jox
450:Director
344:fist bump
303:Robot Jox
249:Robot Jox
140:Lori Ball
133:Edited by
22:Robot Jox
2146:Fortress
1988:Archived
1974:Fortress
1857:"EP17 –
1775:32133305
1731:NewsBank
1693:NewsBank
1555:Archived
1551:DVD Talk
1452:51480273
1404:Archived
1390:"Media:
1362:Archived
934:Godzilla
905:'s film
622:Released
612: by
550:Ron Cobb
514:Cold War
421:– Sargon
364:– Athena
222:Language
145:Music by
77:Starring
59:Story by
1894:(2013)"
1358:Bristol
1324:Blu-ray
1241:Robojox
1077:Bristol
1032:sequels
998:RoboCop
943:déjà vu
923:Robojox
866:Houston
848:sampled
770:Blu-ray
693:(1990)
684:(1993)
675:(1989)
564:Release
522:Robojox
412:– Tommy
307:Blu-ray
225:English
214:Country
191: (
158:company
2219:(2007)
2204:(2005)
2201:Edmond
2189:(2003)
2181:(2001)
2173:(1998)
2165:(1996)
2157:(1995)
2149:(1992)
2141:(1991)
2133:(1990)
2125:(1990)
2117:(1988)
2109:(1987)
2101:(1986)
2093:(1985)
1931:"With
1773:
1763:
1484:
1450:
1440:
1434:London
1203:
1093:
1083:
1018:films
991:After
982:event.
870:Austin
630:Length
469:today.
328:Alaska
230:Budget
2224:Eater
2216:Stuck
2178:Dagon
2106:Dolls
953:Notes
874:35 mm
843:band
648:Label
505:Iliad
257:mecha
2010:IMDb
1771:OCLC
1761:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1448:OCLC
1438:ISBN
1350:and
1201:ISBN
1091:OCLC
1081:ISBN
1024:and
1014:The
868:and
784:and
745:and
625:1993
546:Rome
533:one.
350:Cast
313:Plot
274:and
2030:at
2019:at
2008:at
1147:at
1034:to
928:sic
755:DVD
743:VHS
284:jox
2242::
1986:.
1982:.
1978:.
1972:,
1968:,
1941:.
1937:.
1911:.
1896:.
1863:.
1829:.
1823:!
1819:!
1792:.
1769:.
1755::
1751:.
1714:.
1682:.
1669:.
1630:.
1604:.
1578:.
1553:.
1549:.
1545:.
1446:.
1402:.
1396:.
1377:^
1354:!"
1285:^
1268:.
1250:^
1238:.
1227:.
1195:.
1135:^
1125:.
1109:^
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1057:^
639:19
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346:.
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1951:.
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1103:.
1005:.
637::
195:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
