655:(for instance, beliefs, ritual, values, and sociality) and whether the nature of these components could be understood using traditional biological principles. Hinde's own views were summarized when he said, "'it does not matter too much what you believe, for many different cultural beliefs bring meaning to believers' lives (though differences in religious beliefs can lead to horrendous conflict). But what does matter is how people behave." He also hypothesized about the evolution of pro-social groups, saying that groups in which members behave pro-socially and cooperate are most successful despite the conflict between the self and the group that's introduced by
624:" framework of attachment using a blend of ethology's objective observation and Bowlby's focus on relationship quality. Hinde, along with his second wife, Joan Stephenson-Hinde, conducted research using at-home questionnaires along with playgroup ethological observations to compare an individual child's interactions with his mother and the child's behavior during playgroup; they were able to establish consistency in the child's interactions over time. In addition, the studies established sex differences in the ways that children interacted with their mothers, their teachers, and their peers.
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each interaction takes place in the context of prior interactions, so the enduring relationship between individuals is key to understanding behavior. Hinde's careful quantitative ethological approach allowed observers to use their repeated observations to understand the larger social structure of the macaque groups and the relationships that constituted that structure.
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staple method of ethological and behavioral studies, and continues to be used today. Using this type of data collection, Hinde and his colleagues were able to quantitatively record interactions between individuals as well as proximities between individuals, leading to the ability to calculate rates of behaviors as a measurement of the quality of relationship.
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side, the friendship with Bowlby introduced him to psychological theories and ideas about the influence that relationships among individuals can have on observed behavior. Hinde, at Bowlby's invitation, attended a recurring seminar that included psychologists of various fields, exposing him to many ideas of learning theory and analysis.
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Initial studies at the site focused on documenting the behavior and facial expressions of the macaques, which would aid in individual identification. For this purpose, "check sheets" were developed to record behavior at half minute intervals. This type of observational data collection would become a
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colony at
Madingley. The two agreed that monkey mothers and their offspring would be an acceptable analogue for human mother-infant interactions, and would allow for experimental work to be conducted. In 1958, a building and large outdoor pens were built for six groups of rhesus macaques; four years
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Hinde and his colleagues also conducted empirical research in the form of separation studies in which mothers were separated from infants in the presence or absence of their larger social group. Such separation studies highlighted the importance of large social contexts and relationships for Hinde;
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Throughout his life, Hinde was a staunch defender of peace. During his military service, Hinde viewed war as an unfortunate necessity. However, after the end of World War II, Hinde slowly concluded that the "preciousness of peace" was far more important than wartime victory. Through the rest of his
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several times and would be integral to the introduction of his quantitative recording methods at the site. His work would make the data collected by
Goodall and colleagues more objective and more comparable across multiple observers at different time periods; this allowed for the longitudinal data
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of mother-infant attachment. Bowlby, through Hinde's ethological influence, developed a socio-emotive attachment theory for which he would later become known. The introduction of strict, objective observational data collection would become a staple of developmental psychology methods. On Hinde's
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would impact the textile branch of the Hinde family, Ernest's immediate family unit, which included Robert's older siblings John and Isobel, would remain well-off due to his medical degree. The family had a keen interest in the natural sciences that included long mountainous hikes, which allowed
441:, who arrived at Oxford in 1950. Tinbergen was on the cusp of becoming a seminal figure in the field of ethology and behavior with his "four 'whyβs' of behavior", and this allowed Hinde to learn the ethological methods early on and apply them to the rest of his career. Hinde received a
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Upon leaving the RAF in 1946, Hinde enrolled as an undergraduate at St. John's
College, and read chemistry, physiology, and zoology. He received a first in Part II zoology in 1948. While at St. John's, Hinde also served as the secretary for the Cambridge Bird Club; with the help of the
393:; the group sought to avoid violent conflict by working behind-the-scenes to provide policymakers with relevant accurate scientific information. Specifically, Hinde emphasized the need to distinguish various levels of aggression, from individual conflict to group conflict to world war.
381:. While at St. John's Wood, Hinde received word that his brother, John, had been torpedoed off the coast of Africa. Hinde would remain in the RAF for 6 years, rising to the rank of Flight Lieutenant before being given an early release in 1946 for a special exhibition at
475:. Although the position included a condition that Hinde was not to carry out his own independent research, both Thorpe and Hinde ignored this stipulation. Hinde carried out a variety of research projects in avian species, in the areas of comparative ethology,
561:. Hinde agreed to take her on as a PhD student and to handle the bureaucratic issues that would arise from pursuing a PhD without a bachelor's degree but was initially her "sternest critic until he came to Gombe". Hinde would visit the site at
406:, Hinde was able to publish several papers on the behavior of several species of birds during this time. One such paper, in which he carefully recorded species of tits opening milk jugs left outside, remains a seminal work in
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in 1940 at the age of 17, one year after
England declared war on Germany. He had been in the Officers' Training Corp while at Oundle, and when he was called up in the RAF, Hinde was sent to the Air Crew Receiving Centre in
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437:. While Lack was Hinde's official supervisor, and "was enormously helpful in teaching to be critical and describe selectively and write concisely", Hinde credited the most major influence on his later work to
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612:, among many others. Hinde's supervising emphasized the objective ethological data collection methods that he had popularized in the field through his work with the rhesus macaques at Madingley.
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Hinde died on 23 December 2016, at the age of 93. He was survived by his second wife, Joan
Stevenson-Hinde, his six children, eighteen grandchildren, and seven great-grandchildren.
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nest-building behavior. The nest-building study was particularly interesting, with its interdisciplinary approach that incorporated not only ethological methods, but
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in which they would help each other with dissections. In his last year at St. John's, Hinde also met his first wife, Hester, with whom he would have 4 children.
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and into the "harder sciences", such as chemistry. Although he would return to the natural sciences, Hinde would later credit this formal training in the
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Hinde's experience working with primates at
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Bateson, P., Stevenson-Hinde, J., & Clutton-Brock, T. (2018). Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE. 26 October 1923β23 December 2016. 65,
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1950β58 β Curator, Ornithological Field
Station, later named SubβDepartment of Animal Behaviour, Department of Zoology, Cambridge
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in 1950; his thesis focused on the annual cycle and behavior of the great tit, and on comparing it to other members of the
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ideas of the mind. Hinde retired from
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During his time at
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During the 1970s and 1980s, Hinde was also involved in studies of human-mother interaction; he had developed a "
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Hinde, R. (1951). A comparative behaviour study of the Paridae (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
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1987 β Albert Einstein Award for Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
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Through the 1990s, Hinde found himself becoming more and more drawn to psychological and
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life and his career, Hinde was active in a number of war-avoidant groups, including the
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field site; Fossey came to Madingley to become Hinde's student before returning to
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Psychological and philosophical ideas of religion, relationships, and institutions
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2003 β BowlbyβAinsworth Award for Contributions to Attachment Theory and Research
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that involved being the curator of a field station location in the village of
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Hinde, R.A. (1947) The breeding of the moustached warbler in Cambridgeshire.
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1958β63 β Assistant director of research, SubβDepartment of Animal Behaviour
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http://news.janegoodall.org/2017/01/20/remembering-my-mentor-robert-hinde/
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The Development of Filial and Avoidance behaviour in the domestic chicken
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312:. Hinde is best known for his ethological contributions to the fields of
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2012 β Honorary Member of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies
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Bateson, Patrick; Stevenson-Hinde, Joan; Clutton-Brock, Tim (2018).
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https://sounds.bl.uk/Oral-history/Science/021M-C1379X0008XX-0001V0
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Hinde, Robert (Part 1 of 7). An Oral History of British Science.
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1984 β Rivers Award in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University
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Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 7 and 20 November 2007 (video)
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After receiving his D.Phil., Hinde accepted a position from
1000:"Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE. 26 October 1923β23 December 2016"
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to support and drive the conservation of gorilla species.
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1980 β Osman Hill Medal, Primate Society of Great Britain
651:. One of his major arguments concerned the components of
296:(26 October 1923 – 23 December 2016) was a British
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Feeding and ranging behaviour of the red colobus monkey
410:. Hinde would later describe interactions with a young
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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2008β16 β President, Movement for the Abolition of War
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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1991 β Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award,
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1250:. Jane Goodall's Good for All News. Available at:
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684:1989β94 β Master, St. John's College, Cambridge
681:1958β89; 1994β2016 β Fellow, St. John's College
529:later, a permanent laboratory space was built.
616:Child development and developmental psychology
341:Hinde to develop an interest in birdwatching.
27:British zoologist, ethologist and psychologist
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592:Hinde would collaborate with and train other
356:. At Oundle, Hinde was encouraged out of the
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194:A Comparative Behaviour Study of the Paridae
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491:ones as well, by incorporating a study of
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1714:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
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760:1978 β Honorary Foreign Associate of the
1285:. Dublin: Trinity College Dublin Press.
1281:Webb, D.A. (1992). J.R., Barlett (ed.).
1271:, 3 December 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
1704:Masters of St John's College, Cambridge
1684:Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
1055:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
968:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
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627:Hinde, with colleagues, also conducted
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754:1974 β Foreign Honorary Member of the
587:Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International
417:In 1948, Hinde accepted a position at
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1049:Clutton-Brock, Timothy Hugh (1972).
1248:Remembering My Mentor: Robert Hinde
832:1980 β Wilhelm Wundt Medal, Leipzig
678:1958β63 β Tutor, St. John's College
32:Robert Hinde (British Army officer)
1561:Robert Henry Stewart Thompson
856:American Psychological Association
705:University of California, Berkeley
520:Rhesus macaque colony at Madingley
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1674:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
604:, Sandy Harcourt, Kelly Stewart,
1699:People educated at Oundle School
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914:Royal Anthropological Institute
774:Commander of the British Empire
762:US National Academy of Sciences
709:1983 β Green Visiting Scholar,
1307:"Zoological Society of London"
896:1988 β Honorary Fellow of the
885:New York Psychiatric Institute
854:1993 β G. Stanley Hall Medal,
842:1981 β Honorary Fellow of the
804:2002 β Honorary Fellow of the
332:, the county town of Norfolk,
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883:1980 β Leonard Cammer Award,
844:British Psychological Society
404:British Trust for Ornithology
1679:Fellows of the Royal Society
1581:Pierre Henry John Young
1576:Stephen Esslemont Woods
931:Zoological Society of London
703:1979 β Hitchcock Professor,
495:influence on nest-building.
383:St John's College, Cambridge
110:St John's College, Cambridge
898:Royal College of Psychiatry
750:Fellow of the Royal Society
668:1951β54 β Research fellow,
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784:1990 β Honorary Fellow of
766:1986 β Honorary Fellow of
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1521:Samuel Victor Perry
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318:developmental psychology
1526:Norman James Petch
786:Trinity College, Dublin
768:Balliol College, Oxford
419:Balliol College, Oxford
310:University of Cambridge
181:University of Cambridge
119:Balliol College, Oxford
1201:British Library Sounds
1199:Brodie, Interviewer).
1019:10.1098/rsbm.2018.0011
344:At 14, Hinde attended
1451:David Roderick Curtis
1347:Francis Harry Hinsley
912:1990 β Huxley Medal,
778:1990 β Member of the
727:Major lifetime awards
717:British Pugwash Group
1613:Renato Dulbecco
1246:Goodall, J. (2017).
794:of the Royal Society
719:. (later, president)
663:Major positions held
1694:Royal Medal winners
1623:Giuseppe Occhialini
1618:George H. Hitchings
1456:John Frank Davidson
889:Columbia University
711:University of Texas
569:Hinde also trained
259:Robert Aubrey Hinde
153:Behavioural ecology
68:Robert Aubrey Hinde
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1659:English zoologists
1556:John Trevor Stuart
1069:uk.bl.ethos.451729
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412:David Attenborough
328:Hinde was born in
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1536:John Polkinghorne
1516:Peter D. Mitchell
1511:Drummond Matthews
1476:Jack Halpern
1466:Pehr Victor Edman
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1361:Succeeded by
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868:Social psychology
792:Croonian Lecturer
780:Academia Europaea
715:2002β07 β Chair,
575:mountain gorillas
559:bachelor's degree
508:learning theories
479:, motivation and
421:, studying under
372:Hinde joined the
362:physical sciences
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229:Tim Clutton-Brock
217:Doctoral students
135:Scientific career
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1541:Charles Rees
1491:Robert Hinde
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1486:Volker Heine
1431:William Boon
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551:Louis Leakey
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306:psychologist
258:
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239:Jane Goodall
192:
177:Institutions
134:
99:(2016-12-23)
43:Robert Hinde
36:
1654:2016 deaths
1649:1923 births
1441:John Cairns
1012:: 151β177.
927:Frink Medal
817:Primatology
799:Royal Medal
743:Fellowships
672:, Cambridge
622:dialectical
571:Dian Fossey
500:John Bowlby
481:habituation
469:W.H. Thorpe
338:World War I
234:Dian Fossey
163:Primatology
158:Ornithology
1643:Categories
1590:Statute 12
1358:1989β1994
945:References
878:Psychiatry
827:Psychology
693:1963β89 β
598:Anne Pusey
547:great apes
477:imprinting
423:David Lack
324:Early life
302:ethologist
211:David Lack
74:1923-10-26
1566:John Vane
1223:, 98β104.
1221:Br. Birds
1061:500406063
1028:0080-4606
974:500380329
653:religions
473:Madingley
435:great tit
397:Education
298:zoologist
106:Education
1409:elected
1036:80805351
837:Ethology
649:morality
633:Budapest
515:Primates
493:hormonal
427:jackdaws
168:Ethology
1606:Foreign
1418:Fellows
1411:in 1974
1405:of the
1403:Fellows
1312:1 April
925:1991 β
920:Zoology
797:1996 β
790:1990 β
772:1988 β
748:1974 β
579:Virunga
577:at the
451:Paridae
334:England
330:Norwich
148:Zoology
86:England
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583:Rwanda
485:canary
483:, and
447:family
443:D.Phil
350:Oundle
199:(1951)
197:
188:Thesis
141:Fields
1175:Hinde
1065:EThOS
1032:S2CID
978:EThOS
937:Death
563:Gombe
431:rooks
269:
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127:DPhil
54:
50:
1314:2019
1287:ISBN
1057:OCLC
1024:ISSN
970:OCLC
733:edit
506:and
429:and
316:and
304:and
94:Died
88:, UK
64:Born
1014:doi
352:in
271:FBA
267:FRS
263:CBE
56:FBA
52:FRS
48:CBE
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