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in the latter half of the 19th century. Along with portraits, his works included photographs of railroads, bridges, buildings, and steamboats. He received considerable acclaim for his exhibit at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, and was among the earliest
Americans to experiment with the artotype process in
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In early 1872, Benecke began working with the artotype process, which involved the application of printer's ink to a photograph to prevent fading. He was one of the first
American photographers, and the first west of the Mississippi River, to make extensive use of this process. After a trip to
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of "six inches focus" placed 3 inches (76 mm) apart. He noted that careful attention should be paid to trimming and mounting the finished images, arguing that errors during this part of the process were frequently to blame for the double images not matching one another or lining up. He
139:, on January 25, 1835. He was the son of Heinrich Ludwig Theodore Benecke, a teacher, and Johanna Auguste Bock. He studied at Blankenburg College, initially in hopes of becoming a civil engineer. After graduating, he enlisted in the Brunswick army in 1854. On a visit to the town of
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in
September 1861. By the end of the war, the studio was the most prominent in St. Louis. After the war, the duo captured several prizes at the 1867 and 1868 St. Louis Fairs. Sometime around 1869, Benecke dissolved his partnership with Hoelke, and continued alone.
284:. In 1886, he was hired by fellow German immigrant Gustav Cramer to supervise the Cramer Dry Plate Works in St. Louis, a position he held for the rest of his life. Beginning in the 1890s, Benecke began working as an editor for the
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studio. Impressed, he returned to the studio shortly afterward to work as an assistant and learn the photography trade. His first camera utilized a Lebrun lens and a plate holder he had constructed himself.
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in its various phases of construction. A panoramic view of St. Louis exhibited by
Benecke at the 1870 St. Louis Fair was widely praised. In 1883, he provided several artotypes for a guide and history of
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In early 1862, Benecke purchased a studio on Market Street in St. Louis in partnership with photographer
Hermann Hoelke, who had received considerable attention after his photograph of General
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After suffering from a stomach-related illness for several weeks, Benecke died at his home on Armand Avenue in St. Louis on
November 3, 1903. He is interred with his family at the
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from 1869 to 1875. Louis's son Ruby
Benecke (1884–1973) was a prominent attorney and politician who held a string of lower political offices during the mid-20th century.
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Benecke photographed numerous places in St. Louis and its vicinity throughout his career, including steamboats, bridges, streets, and panoramic views. One of his most popular
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250:, and pastel or chalk on photographs. In 1871, he toured the Lower Mississippi River to take photographs for a stereo card collection. In June 1873, he accompanied writer
354:. During the 1870s and 1880s, Benecke wrote articles on topics ranging from improvising with minimal equipment to how to select and care for lenses. As an editor for the
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209:'s help he had obtained temporary work as a photographer. By mid-1860, he was back in St. Louis, and had returned to Brunswick by November 1860. At the outbreak of the
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and photo coloring services (namely coloring photos using water colors or oils). By the early 1880s, he was working almost exclusively with artotypes.
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E. Meier and painter Joseph Keyte. In
December 1858, Benecke announced he had acquired a powerful new camera that could take photographs of any size.
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201:, where gold had recently been discovered, though there is no evidence they ever actually made the move. Later that year, Benecke moved briefly to
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358:, Benecke wrote a column, "Echoes from Europe," which provided a summary of articles translated from German and French photography journals.
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Benecke married Mary Koenig on
November 22, 1865. They had four children: Olga, Anna, Josephine, and Theodore. Benecke's younger brother,
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Benecke was writing articles on photography as early as the late 1850s, when he was submitting articles to
Snelling's
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Benecke nearly swept the photography prizes at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, including first prizes for photographic views,
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In an 1888 article, Benecke gave insight into the process he used to create stereo cards. He suggested using two
276:. After completing this task, he spent part of November 1873 photographing Denver and the surrounding mountains.
110:(January 25, 1835 – November 3, 1903) was a German-born American photographer, operating primarily out of
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Due to their pro-democracy activities, the Beneckes were forced to flee to the United States, arriving in
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717:– Kansas Historical Society article containing several of Benecke's 1873 Kansas Pacific photographs
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at the Brunswick Seminary. Around 1857, he founded a photography studio in partnership with itinerant
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bemoaned the lack of interest in stereo cards among younger photographers.
510:," State Historical Society of Missouri website. Retrieved: 26 July 2014.
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In April 1859, Benecke and his partners announced they were relocating to
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to provide nearly 100 promotional shots along its line from Kansas to
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Pioneer Photographers from the Mississippi to the Continental Divide
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Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs
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Early in his career, Benecke was inspired by Charles Waldack's
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the following month. In October 1873, Benecke was hired by the
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Reminiscenses of Robert Benecke, Oldest St. Louis Photographer
701:," SMU Central University Libraries. Retrieved: 31 July 2014.
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Benecke's photographs are now part of the collections of the
675:," New York Public Library website. Retrieved: 26 July 2014.
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Our Photographic Lenses: How To Choose and Take Care of Them
170:, on August 1, 1856. Robert worked variously as a farmer,
688:, J. Paul Getty Museum database. Retrieved: 2 August 2014.
272:, which he accomplished using a rail car outfitted with a
258:, and published several photographs of this tour in
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559:(University of Missouri Press, 1999), pp. 301-302.
307:. Benecke's studio in the late 1850s advertised
491:(Stanford University Press, 2005), pp. 102-103.
119:manufacturing, and worked as an editor for the
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213:, he supported the Union, and enlisted in the
280:Germany in 1883, Benecke began manufacturing
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785:People of Missouri in the American Civil War
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625:Tower Grove Park of the City of St. Louis
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131:Benecke was born in the German town of
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115:the early 1870s. He later turned to
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305:Treatise of Photography on Collodion
227:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
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765:Artists from the Duchy of Brunswick
356:St. Louis and Canadian Photographer
326:Stereo card by Benecke showing the
286:St. Louis and Canadian Photographer
121:St. Louis and Canadian Photographer
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352:Photographic and Fine-Art Journal
740:Photographers from Saxony-Anhalt
590:Photographing Under Difficulties
557:Dictionary of Missouri Biography
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215:18th Missouri Volunteer Infantry
32:Self-portrait with hunting rifle
780:People from Brunswick, Missouri
770:Immigrants to the United States
760:People from Oberharz am Brocken
755:American portrait photographers
660:Anthony's Photographic Bulletin
540:Wilson's Photographic Magazine
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379:Southern Methodist University
414:Bird's eye view of St. Louis
790:Photographers from Missouri
596:(E.L. Wilson, 1881), p. 21.
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238:Artotype of a pavilion at
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656:The Stereoscopic Picture
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519:William Garrett Piston,
438:Veranda Row in St. Louis
242:taken by Benecke in 1883
570:Death of Robert Benecke
371:New York Public Library
266:Kansas Pacific Railroad
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795:Writers from St. Louis
611:The St. Louis Republic
574:The St. Louis Republic
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293:Bellefontaine Cemetery
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82:Bellefontaine Cemetery
522:Portraits of Conflict
508:Benecke Family Papers
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162:by Hoelke and Benecke
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101:Mary Koenig (m. 1865)
93:Photographer, teacher
662:(1888), pp. 111-113.
645:(1875), pp. 136-138.
643:Photographic Mosaics
594:Photographic Mosaics
375:J. Paul Getty Museum
203:Knoxville, Tennessee
699:Digital Collections
551:Dolores A. Kilgo, "
261:Scribner's Magazine
207:Henry Hunt Snelling
195:Pike's Peak Country
168:Brunswick, Missouri
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70:St. Louis, Missouri
483:Peter Palmquist, "
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64:(1903-11-03)
750:1903 deaths
745:1835 births
340:Eads Bridge
336:stereo card
328:Eads Bridge
252:Edward King
734:Categories
444:References
309:ambrotypes
282:dry plates
158:of brewer
141:Nordhausen
44:1835-01-25
426:Synagogue
211:Civil War
145:ambrotype
117:dry plate
112:St. Louis
274:darkroom
199:Colorado
401:Gallery
385:Family
377:, and
373:, the
270:Denver
182:, and
180:French
176:German
172:cooper
133:Stiege
98:Spouse
299:Works
184:Latin
311:and
127:Life
59:Died
38:Born
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