138:
440:″Dr Sophia Jex-Blake has made the greatest of all contributions to the end attained. I do not say that she has been the ultimate cause of success. The ultimate cause has been simply this, that the time was at hand. It is one of the lessons of the history of progress that when the time for reform has come you cannot resist it, though if you make the attempt, what you may do is to widen its character or precipitate its advent. Opponents, when the time has come, are not merely dragged at the chariot wheels of progress – they help to turn them. The strongest forces, whichever way it seems to work, does most to aid. The forces of greatest concentration here have been, in my view, on the one hand the Edinburgh University led by Sir Robert Christison, on the other the women claimants led by Dr Sophia Jex-Blake.″
161:
153:
54:
313:
In 1832, Christison gave up the chair of medical jurisprudence and accepted that of medicine and therapeutics, which he held until 1877; at the same time he became professor of clinical medicine, and continued in that capacity until 1855. At this time his address is listed as 3 Great Stuart Street on
427:
He shared the view of many of his contemporaries that nature intended women to be mothers and housekeepers, and lacked the intellectual ability and stamina of men. Consequently, if women were to enter any learned profession in significant numbers they would lower its standards.
1213:
1057:
759:
1178:
466:
A Dispensatory, or
Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain : comprising the natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Actions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica
375:
in 1846) for human execution, in place of hanging. For various reasons, although this seems to pre-date its introduction into
American use by 40 years, the method never appealed to British sensibilities.
1173:
1203:
1133:
1148:
1183:
187:
1208:
1188:
180:
137:
1138:
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333:, secured him a large private practice, and he succeeded to a fair share of the honors that commonly attend the successful physician, being appointed physician to
1168:
1143:
861:
437:, who had been closely associated with the London campaign (following the failure of the Edinburgh campaign) wrote, in his brief history of the events, in 1877:
393:
Christison, who retained remarkable physical vigour and activity until old age, died at home, 40 Moray Place in
Edinburgh on 27 January 1882. He is buried in
623:
97:
78:
893:
476:
698:"(72) – Scottish Post Office Directories > Towns > Edinburgh > 1805–1834 – Post Office annual directory > 1832–1833 – Scottish Directories"
298:, a position he held until 1832. His attainments in medical jurisprudence and toxicology procured him the appointment, in 1829, of medical officer to
203:
173:
123:
38:
1128:
638:
286:, and his treatise on them was published in 1829. In the course of his research he undertook experiments on himself such as taking large doses of
950:
547:
417:. He was an influential figure both within the University and in the wider civic life of Edinburgh, and his opinion was held in high regard.
367:'s admission of women students to his extra mural surgery classes. A further (still controversial) proposal was his creation of a system of
146:
20:
255:
235:(1753–1820). He was a twin, his elder brother (by a few minutes) was later Rev. Alexander Christison (1797–1874). He attended the
1123:
1033:
1022:
974:
530:
363:
Christison was a strong opposer of women in the field of medicine, a view in
Edinburgh eventually undermined by his colleague,
1158:
1153:
697:
539:
357:
431:
His influence was largely responsible for the eventual decision taken by the
University not to allow the women to graduate.
353:
236:
409:
Christison was unequivocally opposed to women studying medicine and qualifying as doctors, and led the campaign against
295:
868:
448:
On 20 October 1827 he and
Henrietta Sophia Brown (1799–1843) were married and together they had three sons, including
207:
129:
1163:
1068:
380:
142:
1095:
449:
251:
1198:
1012:
424:
right to a Hope
Scholarship having come top of the class in the chemistry exam, he made his opinions clear.
240:
160:
307:
306:. From that time until 1866 he was called as a witness in many celebrated criminal cases, including the
279:
617:
1118:
1113:
387:
364:
267:
263:
229:
152:
1081:
495:
398:
394:
907:
727:
471:
2nd Ed. with 213 Ill. / by R. Eglesfeld
Griffith. Philadelphia : Lea & Blanchard, 1848.
282:
and set to work to organise the study of his subject on a sound basis. He became an authority on
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887:
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543:
1038:
979:
805:
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722:
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410:
368:
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810:
785:
334:
275:
53:
472:
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612:
553:
372:
291:
421:
287:
195:
108:
1050:
991:
683:
743:
397:
in a family plot created by his father, Alexander
Christison (who is buried in
1042:
983:
801:
532:
Former
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index
271:
243:, graduating in 1819. At this time the family were living at 4 Argyll Square.
968:
616:
321:
His fame as a toxicologist and medical jurist, together with his work on the
978:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/5370.
943:
Sophia Jex-Blake : a woman pioneer in nineteenth-century medical reform
627:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 292–293.
356:
and served as President in 1837. In 1841, he was elected as a member of the
322:
315:
299:
225:
199:
112:
74:
819:
786:"An Edinburgh surgeon of the Crimean war—Patrick Heron Watson (1832–1907)"
578:
303:
192:
677:
338:
211:
1031:
White, Brenda M. "Christison, Sir Robert, first baronet (1797–1882)".
390:, a newly established campaigning conservationist group in Edinburgh.
679:
Story of a Great Hospital: The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh 1729–1929
326:
283:
247:
401:
and only memorialised here), on one of the south-facing terraces.
330:
259:
136:
44:
41:
1060:, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations)
314:
the Moray Estate, a large Georgian townhouse in the west end of
232:
341:
in 1871. Among the books which he published were a treatise on
834:"Notable Fellows : Sir Thomas Richard Fraser (1841–1920)"
519:
National Probate Calendar, Index of Wills and Administrations
420:
When the Senatus met on 9 April 1870 to discuss the issue of
966:
Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
1214:
Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
294:). In 1827, he was appointed physician-in-ordinary to the
529:
Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006).
386:
From 1875 to 1881, he served as a vice-president of the
1179:
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
1174:
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
156:
Christison's home at 3 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh
1204:
Office bearers of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh
1134:
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
383:1845–1868 and was its President from 1868 to 1873.
278:. In 1822 he returned to Edinburgh as professor of
118:
104:
85:
60:
30:
967:
210:(1875). He was the first person to describe renal
347:Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain
1149:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
352:In 1822 Christison was elected a member of the
1026:. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
908:"Historic Cockburn Association Office-Bearers"
224:Christison was born at 144 Nicolson Street in
19:For other people named Robert Christison, see
16:British toxicologist and physician (1797–1882)
1184:Presidents of the British Medical Association
969:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
945:(1. publ. ed.). London u.a.: Routledge.
206:(1838–40 and 1846–8) and as president of the
8:
1209:Members of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh
1189:Presidents of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1037:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
379:Christison served as Vice President of the
1064:
745:A Record of the Edinburgh Harveian Society
52:
27:
809:
1139:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
742:Watson Wemyss, Herbert Lindesay (1933).
607:
605:
204:Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
159:
151:
124:Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
1194:Burials at the New Calton Burial Ground
1034:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
975:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
512:
477:University and State Library Düsseldorf
191:(18 July 1797 – 27 January 1882) was a
892:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
885:
682:. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p.
1169:19th-century Scottish medical doctors
1144:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
579:"History of the Edinburgh Renal Unit"
164:Christison grave, New Calton Cemetery
7:
931:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1881
666:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1815
639:"A Scotch Physician's Autobiography"
343:Granular Degeneration of the Kidneys
228:, the son of Margaret Johnstone and
147:Old College, University of Edinburgh
452:, who inherited the baronetcy, and
169:Sir Robert Christison, 1st Baronet
21:Robert Christison (disambiguation)
14:
731:. 21 November 1871. p. 4795.
1069:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1023:Dictionary of National Biography
1010:Bettany, George Thomas (1887).
748:. T&A Constable, Edinburgh.
202:who served as president of the
1129:Medical doctors from Edinburgh
657:Men of the Time Alaric A Watts
618:"Christison, Sir Robert"
540:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
358:American Philosophical Society
246:He then spent a short time in
1:
354:Harveian Society of Edinburgh
141:Bust of Robert Christison by
1051:UK public library membership
992:UK public library membership
702:National Library of Scotland
296:Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
239:before studying medicine at
1058:entry for Robert Christison
405:Opposition to women doctors
208:British Medical Association
130:British Medical Association
1230:
1013:"Christison, Robert"
647:: 18–19. 19 December 1885.
599:Williamsons Directory 1797
538:. Vol. I. Edinburgh:
381:Royal Society of Edinburgh
371:(through the discovery of
18:
1092:
1079:
1074:
1067:
941:Roberts, Shirley (1993).
802:10.1017/s0025727300010954
676:Turner, A. Logan (1937).
51:
912:The Cockburn Association
450:Sir Alexander Christison
337:in 1848 and receiving a
1124:Nobility from Edinburgh
624:Encyclopædia Britannica
241:University of Edinburgh
308:Burke and Hare murders
165:
157:
149:
1159:Medical jurisprudence
1154:British toxicologists
1043:10.1093/ref:odnb/5370
984:10.1093/ref:odnb/5370
280:medical jurisprudence
163:
155:
140:
1096:Alexander Christison
764:search.amphilsoc.org
760:"APS Member History"
388:Cockburn Association
365:Patrick Heron Watson
318:, a desirable area.
264:analytical chemistry
230:Alexander Christison
784:Watson, WB (1966).
496:Christison baronets
454:Dr David Christison
399:Greyfriars Kirkyard
395:New Calton Cemetery
262:, where he learned
874:on 24 January 2013
728:The London Gazette
166:
158:
150:
1164:Scottish surgeons
1102:
1101:
1093:Succeeded by
1049:(Subscription or
990:(Subscription or
952:978-0-415-08753-7
559:on 4 October 2006
549:978-0-902198-84-5
250:, studying under
237:Royal High School
135:
134:
128:president of the
122:president of the
35:Robert Christison
1221:
1086:(of Moray Place)
1065:
1054:
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867:. Archived from
866:
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558:
552:. Archived from
537:
526:
520:
517:
491:Douglas Maclagan
411:Sophia Jex-Blake
369:lethal injection
256:William Lawrence
190:
185:
178:
92:
70:
68:
56:
28:
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1018:Stephen, Leslie
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901:
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864:
862:"Archived copy"
860:
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487:
473:Digital edition
462:
446:
435:James Stansfeld
415:Edinburgh Seven
407:
268:Pierre Robiquet
222:
183:
176:
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127:
100:
94:
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89:27 January 1882
81:
72:
66:
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47:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1227:
1225:
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1199:Scottish twins
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933:
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899:
853:
825:
776:
751:
734:
714:
689:
668:
659:
650:
630:
615:, ed. (1911).
613:Chisholm, Hugh
601:
592:
570:
548:
521:
511:
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500:
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422:Edith Pechey's
406:
403:
345:(1839), and a
335:Queen Victoria
276:Mathieu Orfila
252:John Abernethy
221:
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143:William Brodie
133:
132:
120:
119:Known for
116:
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102:
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95:
93:(aged 84)
87:
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73:
62:
58:
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49:
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37:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
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842:
835:
829:
826:
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803:
799:
796:(2): 166–76.
795:
791:
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765:
761:
755:
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747:
746:
738:
735:
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729:
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685:
681:
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672:
669:
663:
660:
654:
651:
646:
645:
644:The Spectator
640:
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631:
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619:
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497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
478:
474:
470:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:(1830–1912).
455:
451:
443:
441:
438:
436:
432:
429:
425:
423:
418:
416:
412:
404:
402:
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382:
377:
374:
373:physostigmine
370:
366:
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348:
344:
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336:
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328:
324:
319:
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292:physostigmine
289:
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105:Occupation(s)
103:
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88:
84:
80:
76:
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59:
55:
50:
46:
43:
40:
29:
26:
22:
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1080:
1076:New creation
1075:
1032:
1021:
1003:Bibliography
973:
961:
942:
936:
927:
917:24 September
915:. Retrieved
911:
902:
876:. Retrieved
869:the original
856:
844:. Retrieved
840:
828:
793:
789:
779:
767:. Retrieved
763:
754:
744:
737:
726:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:
692:
678:
671:
662:
653:
642:
633:
622:
595:
583:. Retrieved
573:
561:. Retrieved
554:the original
531:
524:
515:
465:
447:
439:
433:
430:
426:
419:
408:
392:
385:
378:
362:
351:
346:
342:
320:
312:
288:calabar bean
245:
223:
216:
196:toxicologist
168:
167:
109:toxicologist
91:(1882-01-27)
71:18 July 1797
25:
1119:1882 deaths
1114:1797 births
723:"No. 23798"
707:10 February
585:28 November
563:27 December
96:Edinburgh,
1108:Categories
1090:1871–1882
1053:required.)
994:required.)
878:13 October
846:30 October
841:Rcpe.ac.uk
502:References
272:toxicology
67:1797-07-18
507:Citations
339:baronetcy
323:pathology
316:Edinburgh
300:the Crown
258:, and in
226:Edinburgh
200:physician
113:physician
75:Edinburgh
888:cite web
790:Med Hist
769:12 April
485:See also
413:and the
349:(1842).
304:Scotland
254:and Sir
193:Scottish
145:, 1871,
98:Scotland
79:Scotland
1082:Baronet
1020:(ed.).
820:5325874
811:1033587
475:by the
329:and on
327:kidneys
325:of the
284:poisons
212:anaemia
1047:
988:
949:
818:
808:
581:. UofE
546:
444:Family
331:fevers
248:London
1016:. In
872:(PDF)
865:(PDF)
837:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
536:(PDF)
460:Works
274:from
266:from
260:Paris
188:FRCPE
186:
184:,
181:FRCSE
179:
177:,
45:FRCPE
42:FRCSE
947:ISBN
919:2021
894:link
880:2015
848:2021
816:PMID
771:2021
709:2018
587:2014
565:2010
544:ISBN
270:and
233:FRSE
220:Life
198:and
174:FRSE
86:Died
61:Born
39:FRSE
1039:doi
980:doi
806:PMC
798:doi
684:367
302:in
32:Sir
1110::
972:.
910:.
890:}}
886:{{
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725:.
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896:)
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850:.
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800::
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290:(
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65:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
