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justice towards those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or whether they be black." To conclude, Kennedy reiterated his belief that the country needed and wanted unity between blacks and whites and encouraged the country to "dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the savageness of man and to make gentle the life of this world." He finished by asking the audience members to pray "for our country and for our people." Rather than exploding in anger at the tragic news of King's death, the crowd exploded in applause and enthusiasm for a second time, before dispersing quietly.
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riot. Once the audience quieted down, Kennedy spoke of the threat of disillusion and divisiveness at King's death and reminded the audience of King's efforts to "replace that violence, that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land, with an effort to understand with compassion and love." Kennedy acknowledged that many in the audience would be filled with anger, especially since the assassin was believed to be a white man. He empathized with the audience by referring to the
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158:. At Notre Dame's Stepan Center, a crowd of approximately 5,000 heard Kennedy speak on poverty in America and the need for better-paying jobs. When asked about draft laws, Kennedy called them "unjust and inequitable" and argued to end college deferments on the basis that they discriminated against those who could not afford a college education. His
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Kennedy then delivered one of his best-remembered remarks: "What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence or lawlessness, but is love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of
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Kennedy began his speech by announcing that King had been killed. He was the first to publicly inform the audience of King's assassination, causing members of the audience to scream and wail in disbelief. Several of
Kennedy's aides were worried that the delivery of this information would result in a
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Despite fears of riots and concerns for his safety, Kennedy went ahead with plans to attend a rally at 17th and
Broadway in the heart of Indianapolis's African-American ghetto. That evening he addressed the crowd, many of whom had not heard about King's assassination. Instead of the rousing campaign
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Despite the fact the crowd which
Kennedy spoke to in Indianapolis was only estimated to be 2,500 people, the speech was credited with boosting his image in the state of Indiana. Indianapolis remained calm that night, which is believed to have been in part because of the speech. In stark contrast to
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student raised a question to
Kennedy that seems almost a premonition of the speech to come later that night after the horrific events of the day. The student asked, "Your speech implies that you are placing a great deal of faith in white America. Is that faith justified?" Kennedy answered "Yes" and
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erupted in more than one hundred U.S. cities including
Chicago, New York City, Boston, Detroit, Oakland, Pittsburgh, and Baltimore, killing 35 and injuring more than 2,500. Across the country, approximately 70,000 army and National Guard troops were called out to restore order. William Crawford, a
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drafted notes immediately before the rally for
Kennedy's use, but Kennedy refused Walinsky's notes, instead using some that he had likely written on the ride over; Mankiewicz arrived after Kennedy had already begun to speak. The Indianapolis chief of police warned Kennedy that the police could not
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In
Indianapolis the news of King's death caused concern among representatives from Kennedy's campaign and city officials, who feared for his safety and the possibility of a riot. After talking with reporters at the Indianapolis airport, Kennedy canceled a stop at his campaign headquarters and
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had been shot. On the plane, Kennedy told a reporter "You know, it grieves me. . . that I just told that kid this and then walk out and find that some white man has just shot their spiritual leader." Kennedy did not learn that King was dead until his plane landed in
Indianapolis. According to
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has called it "politics in its grandest form and highest purpose" and said that it "marked the end of an era" before
American political life was taken over by consultants and pollsters. It is also recounted in the prologue of his book,
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221:, Kennedy said, "Even in our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart until, in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God."
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reporter John J. Lindsay, Kennedy "seemed to shrink back as though struck physically" and put his hands to his face, saying "Oh, God. When is this violence going to stop?"
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member of the Black
Radical Action Project who had stood about 20 feet from Kennedy, credited Kennedy's speech for not resulting in riots. Crawford claimed to the
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provide adequate protection for the senator if the crowd were to riot, but Kennedy decided to go speak to the crowd regardless. Standing on a podium mounted on a
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speech they expected, Kennedy offered brief, impassioned remarks for peace that are considered to be one of the great public addresses of the modern era.
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in 2015 "Look at all those other cities" and "I believe it would have gone that way (in Indianapolis) had not Bobby Kennedy given those remarks."
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continued on to the rally site, where a crowd had gathered to hear him speak. Both Frank Mankiewicz, Kennedy's press secretary, and speechwriter
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added that "faith in black America is justified, too" although he said there "are extremists on both sides." Before boarding a plane to fly to
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378:. Professor Christopher S. Morrissey wrote that it is unknown "whether he misquoted deliberately, fortuitously, or infelicitously".
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849:"Jay-Z, a speech by Sen. Robert F. Kennedy and 'Schoolhouse Rock!' among recordings deemed classics by Library of Congress"
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Preparing his notes without reference books, recalling the quote from memory, Kennedy slightly misquoted a passage from
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said that it was Kennedy's greatest speech and was what prompted Scarborough to enter public service. Journalist
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Murphy, John M. (June 5, 2009). ""A time of shame and sorrow": Robert F. Kennedy and the American jeremiad".
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Ramm, Benjamin (5 April 2018). "What King, Kennedy and Obama's Great Speeches Have in Common ?".
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and released in 2008. It includes interviews with associates of Kennedy and members of the audience.
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640:(speech, Indianapolis, IN, 1968-04-04), American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
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Politics Lost: How American Democracy Was Trivialized By People Who Think You're Stupid
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was well received by more than 9,000 students, faculty, and community members. One
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two months after his speech, while campaigning for presidential nomination at the
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676:. Bloomsbury Studies in Classical Reception. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 249.
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Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
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513:. Vol. 2 (book club ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 913.
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270:. It addressed themes that he had alluded to in the Indianapolis speech.
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for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
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The following day, Kennedy gave a prepared, formal response, "
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For RFK's prepared, formal response to the assassination, see
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429:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 2, 6.
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The speech itself has been listed as one of the greatest in
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in Muncie, Indiana, Kennedy focused on domestic issues, the
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Pssst! Who's behind the decline of politics? Consultants.
638:"Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr."
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delivered an improvised speech several hours after the
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Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management
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on November 22, 1963. Robert F. Kennedy would be also
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Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
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In 2018, the audio of the speech was selected by the
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United States National Recording Registry recordings
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Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis
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545:. Scarborough Country. 2005-11-18. Archived from
1325:Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
1976:Works about assassinations in the United States
806:"Top 100 American Speeches of the 20th Century"
1204:On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
987:United States senator from New York, 1965–1968
980:64th United States Attorney General, 1961–1964
673:Ancient Greek Myth in World Fiction since 1989
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427:Robert F. Kennedy and the 1968 Indiana Primary
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780:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p.
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1951:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
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342:The speech was performed verbatim by
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876:. Anderson University. Archived from
847:Andrews, Travis M. (March 20, 2019).
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1212:"On the Mindless Menace of Violence"
930:Text, Audio, Video Excerpt of Speech
1966:Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
1408:Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
1066:1964 Democratic National Convention
618:, 2006-04-09. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
509:Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M. (1978).
41:Robert F. Kennedy giving his speech
1981:Works about Martin Luther King Jr.
1369:Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
277:two months later on June 5, 1968.
260:On the Mindless Menace of Violence
32:On the Mindless Menace of Violence
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974:November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968
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760:Statement of Mayor Bart Peterson
241:incorporates parts of the speech
70:Problems playing this file? See
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1332:Robert F. Kennedy silver dollar
1180:Conflict in Vietnam and at Home
737:Higgins, Will (April 2, 2015).
372:'s translation of Aeschylus's
193:Summary of Indianapolis speech
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1971:Speeches by Robert F. Kennedy
1931:20th century in Indianapolis
1511:Robert Kennedy and His Times
511:Robert Kennedy and His Times
200:assassination of his brother
102:, made his remarks while in
1961:Political events in Indiana
1611:Bobby Kennedy for President
1384:Landmark for Peace Memorial
904:Quarterly Journal of Speech
407:New York, Doubleday. p. 2.
322:National Recording Registry
310:Landmark for Peace Memorial
239:Arlington National Cemetery
142:During his speeches at the
2002:
1789:Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish
1462:"Abraham, Martin and John"
1435:Robert F. Kennedy in media
1172:Day of Affirmation Address
1130:1968 presidential campaign
762:2006-04-04 press release
486:"RFK in Middletown," 2005.
425:Boomhower, Ray E. (2008).
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1916:1968 in American politics
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1453:Robert Kennedy Remembered
1123:1964 U.S. Senate election
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1956:Indiana Democratic Party
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1701:Douglas Harriman Kennedy
1415:Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
776:Robert Kennedy: His Life
320:for preservation in the
144:University of Notre Dame
1669:Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
1521:Hoover vs. The Kennedys
1471:The Missiles of October
1059:Baldwin–Kennedy meeting
1050:Voter Education Project
741:. The Indianapolis Star
204:United States President
171:, Kennedy learned that
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100:presidential nomination
1797:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
1685:Christopher G. Kennedy
1653:Joseph Patrick Kennedy
1242:The Pursuit of Justice
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1080:Mississippi Delta tour
670:, eds. (2 June 2016).
543:"RFK: Bending History"
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173:Martin Luther King Jr.
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1892:39.79083°N 86.14639°W
1757:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
1741:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
1725:Joseph P. Kennedy III
1661:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
1252:To Seek a Newer World
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772:Thomas, Evan (2000).
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146:in South Bend and at
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81:United States Senator
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1401:Kennedy–King College
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1020:Cuban Missile Crisis
1006:1948 Palestine visit
699:Yerepouni Daily News
666:McConnell, Justine;
160:speech at Ball State
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1298:Conspiracy theories
853:The Washington Post
636:Kennedy, Robert F.
337:Anderson University
318:Library of Congress
50:Audio of the speech
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79:On April 4, 1968,
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1376:Brooklyn Memorial
1144:Boiler Room Girls
1094:Hickory Hill home
966:Robert F. Kennedy
722:Boomhower, p. 68.
496:Boomhower, p. 58.
463:Boomhower, p. 64.
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1709:Rory Kennedy
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1561:RFK Must Die
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120:assassinated
116:assassinated
78:
1895: /
1821:Ted Kennedy
1693:Max Kennedy
1628:family tree
1604:(2016 film)
1594:(2013 film)
1554:(2006 film)
1544:(2002 film)
1534:(2000 film)
1504:(1985 film)
1501:Prince Jack
1494:(1983 film)
1464:(1968 song)
896:Works cited
828:, prologue.
668:Hall, Edith
583:Murphy 2009
570:, pp. 1, 4.
527:, pp. 3, 4.
152:Vietnam War
1910:Categories
1880:39°47′27″N
1773:presidency
1735:(grandson)
1727:(grandson)
1711:(daughter)
1679:(daughter)
1647:(daughter)
1491:Blood Feud
1360:Book Award
1315:Legacy and
1196:Ball State
884:August 13,
811:2009-08-30
745:August 30,
707:2021624332
553:2009-08-30
400:. (2006).
398:Klein, Joe
386:References
72:media help
1883:86°8′47″W
1823:(brother)
1759:(brother)
1317:memorials
1305:Gravesite
1137:primaries
1115:Electoral
858:March 25,
375:Agamemnon
295:Joe Klein
264:Cleveland
229:Aftermath
215:Aeschylus
211:white man
114:had been
1864:Category
1815:(sister)
1807:(sister)
1799:(sister)
1791:(sister)
1783:(sister)
1767:(brother
1751:(mother)
1743:(father)
1156:Speeches
703:ProQuest
88:New York
1624:Family,
1481:Kennedy
1427:culture
1425:Popular
824:Klein,
656:, p. 6.
652:Klein,
598:, p. 5.
594:Klein,
566:Klein,
523:Klein,
209:, by a
1639:(wife)
1601:Jackie
1265:(1969)
1255:(1967)
1245:(1964)
1235:(1960)
1214:(1968)
1206:(1968)
1198:(1968)
1190:(1968)
1182:(1968)
1174:(1966)
1166:(1961)
1027:ExComm
788:
705:
680:
433:
411:
281:Legacy
262:", in
156:racism
154:, and
1703:(son)
1695:(son)
1687:(son)
1671:(son)
1663:(son)
1655:(son)
1581:Ethel
1551:Bobby
1223:Books
356:Notes
248:riots
998:Life
886:2019
860:2019
786:ISBN
747:2020
678:ISBN
616:Time
431:ISBN
409:ISBN
328:Film
307:The
268:Ohio
1541:RFK
912:doi
782:368
349:RFK
126:in
98:'s
86:of
1912::
908:76
906:.
851:.
784:.
727:^
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352:.
304:.
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1775:)
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709:.
686:.
556:.
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405:.
74:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
