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Hill remained in the mental health field, working in a number of asylums. He entered into partnership with
Richard Sutton Harvey in 1840, and became proprietor of Eastgate House private asylum, Lincoln. On 29 October 1851 he was given a public dinner in Lincoln and presented with a testimonial as the
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Hill had trouble maintaining a non-restraint system, without a better staff. The governors, however, would not offer higher pay without clear and convincing results. The system in fact required Hill to supervise the staff closely; it caused serious tensions in the asylum. By about 1839 the situation
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It appears from a comparison of the table of restraints for 1830, with the table for 1835, given in the appendix to Hill's book, that whereas, with a number of patients in the house, during the first of these years, amounting only to 92 (male and females included), the total number of instances of
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Despite the problems Hill experienced, his system won admirers. One of them was
Sergeant John Adams, who was an assistant judge. He took an interest in the asylum when circuit duties took him up to Lincoln. In his other capacity as chairman of the Middlesex magistrates and member of the Visiting
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Two of his sons James Robert Hill and Hugh
Gardiner Hill also became doctors in asylums. His wife and at least three daughters were also closely involved in the care of the insane both before and after his death. They managed Peterborough House in Fulham and then Fenstanton House, Tulse Hill.
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In
October 1863 Hill moved to London and became resident medical proprietor of Earl's Court House, Old Brompton, a private asylum for women, a residence formerly inhabited by John Hunter. He died of apoplexy at Earl's Court House, London, on 30 May 1878, and was buried on the western side of
133:. Charlesworth had already experimented with reducing the dependence at the asylum on mechanical restraint. Hill, soon after his appointment, looked into the registers of the asylum, and began to think that he might dispense with coercion altogether.
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One of the improvements introduced by Hill in pursuance of his system was the dormitories, almost entirely established for the prevention of suicides. He attributed most bad cases to alcohol abuse, with religious factors as the next most important.
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restraint had been 2364; in the latter of these years, with a number of patients greater, namely, 108, the total number of instances of restraint had only been 313; being a diminution of five-sixths of the number in the former year.
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The debate concerning the merits of his methods continued for many years. Hill was marginalised by medical colleagues, in particular for his insistence that standard medical procedures had nothing to offer in the treatment of
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Manual of Lunacy; a handbook relating to the legal care and treatment of the insane in the public and private asylums of Great
Britain, Ireland, United States of America, and the Continent
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and witness Hill's methods. This
Conolly did in the month before taking up his appointment at Hanwell, where it is recorded in the visitors' book that he admired Hill's system.
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194:, in partnership with Edmund Sparshall Willett; the partnership was dissolved in 1860, with Willett remaining as proprietor. Hill became a licentiate of the
186:"author and originator of the non-restraint system in lunacy"; the claim was disputed, In November 1852 he was chosen mayor of Lincoln, and he was elected a
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A Concise
History of the entire Abolition of Medical Restraint in the Treatment of the Insane and of the success of the Non-Restraint System
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206:(plot no.22660). The grave is on the right-hand side of the main path almost opposite the tall Gothic Mears family monument.
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Above all a patient should never be terrified: an examination of mental health care and treatment in
Hampshire 1845–1914
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Kopitar, Z; Zimmer, A (1976). "The politics and
Ideology of Non-restraint: the Case of Hanwell Asylum".
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Total
Abolition of Personal Restraint in the Treatment of the Insane. A Lecture, with Statistical Tables
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He also wrote articles "On Total Abolition of Personal Restraint in Treatment of the Insane" in
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Yorston Graeme (2004) Thomas Prichard and the non-restraint movement at the Northampton Asylum.
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and coercion could be dropped altogether. In practice he reached this situation in 1838.
32:(26 February 1811 – 30 May 1878) was a British surgeon specialising in the treatment of
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Social Order/mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective
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A lecture on the Management of Lunatic Asylums and the Treatment of the Insane
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that appeared in 1869, and Hill contributed further to the debate in 1870, in
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in the institution had become untenable. In 1840 Hill resigned from his post.
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At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a surgeon in Louth. He then studied at
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in 1850, in response to Charlesworth and Conolly. He did so again in the
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Hill, with Charlesworth's assistance, was elected house surgeon to the
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611: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Hill's priority claim on non-restraint was put forward in
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158:, he encouraged the newly appointed superintendent Dr.
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T. E. Weckowicz; H. Liebel-Weckowicz (23 April 1990).
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The son of Robert Hill of Louth, Deene and lately of
105:On passing as a surgeon Hill went into practice at
190:on 17 February 1853. In the later 1850s he was at
706:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
421:A History of Great Ideas in Abnormal Psychology
634:. Vol. 26. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
407:. Vol. 26. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
338:. PhD thesis, University of Portsmouth, p. 265
188:Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London
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541:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
472:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
466:Suzuki, Akihito. "Hill, Robert Gardiner".
535:Hervey, Nick. "Bushnan, John Stevenson".
173:Family grave of Robert Gardiner Hill in
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64:Memorial to Robert Gardiner Hill,
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716:19th-century English male writers
711:English male non-fiction writers
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631:Dictionary of National Biography
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404:Dictionary of National Biography
235:Lunacy, its Past and its Present
196:College of Physicians, Edinburgh
671:People from Louth, Lincolnshire
577:. 5 October 1860. p. 3608.
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398:"Hill, Robert Gardiner"
686:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
555:UK public library membership
486:UK public library membership
287:Hill Robert Gardiner (1839)
268:Sir James Clark, 1st Baronet
266:, in a response to Conolly.
214:Publications and controversy
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181:Career after Lincoln Asylum
98:, becoming a member of the
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111:Edward Parker Charlesworth
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445:Augustus Bozzi Granville
424:. Elsevier. p. 98.
348:Andrew T. Scull (1989).
327:Carpenter, Diane (2010)
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249:Psychological Studies
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334:2 April 2015 at the
102:of England in 1834.
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77:Louth, Lincolnshire
574:The London Gazette
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553:(Subscription or
484:(Subscription or
431:978-0-08-086720-5
361:978-0-520-06406-5
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192:Wyke House Asylum
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569:"No. 22431"
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660:Categories
557:required.)
488:required.)
315:References
260:The Lancet
244:The Lancet
73:Leamington
198:in 1859.
162:to visit
649:(1841),
332:Archived
296:See also
282:Lectures
270:wrote a
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231:(1857).
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