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to support her generals in the field with ample resources for carrying on the campaign, though his emissaries were in communication with the French King, and were settling the terms of a peace independently of
England's allies. After many weeks of vacillation and intrigue, when the negotiations were frequently on the point of being interrupted, the preliminary peace was signed, and in spite of the opposition of the Whig majority in the
951:: it seems that the knife stuck in one of the ornaments. Why Guiscard was allowed to enter the room carrying a weapon is still something of a mystery, but, as the Gregg affair demonstrated, Harley was notoriously lax in matters of security, and it is likely that Guiscard had not been properly searched. To a man in good health, the wounds would not have been serious, but the minister had been suffering from ill health and
751:, or her descendants, should Anne die without child. He wrote to Harley and summoned him to an audience, where he asked Harley what demands the Commons would make in order to be persuaded to pass a Bill incorporating the new line of succession. It was agreed that the Bill would include further limitations of the monarch's power. Afterwards, William approved his election as Speaker of the House of Commons.
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868:, in Harley's office, was found to have given the French enemy copies of many documents which should have been kept from the knowledge of all but the most trusted advisers of the court, and it was found that through the carelessness of the head of the department the contents of such papers became the common property of all in his service. The celebrated author
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dilatoriness, and to find some excuse for his apathy in ill health, aggravated by excess in the pleasures of the table and by the loss of his favourite child. The confidence of Queen Anne was gradually transferred from Oxford to
Bolingbroke; on 27 July 1714 the former surrendered his staff as lord treasurer, and on 1 August the queen died.
897:, were the weapons which he used to influence the masses of the people. Marlborough himself could not be displaced, but his relations were dismissed from their posts in turn. When the greatest of these, Lord Godolphin, was ejected from office on 10 August 1710, five commissioners to the treasury were appointed; among them was Harley as
872:, then an employee of Harley's, had warned that his lax security was an invitation to treason. The Queen was informed by Godolphin and Marlborough that they would no longer serve with Harley. They did not attend her next council, on 8 February 1708, and when Harley proposed to proceed with the business of the day the
963:, and he wrote to Harley on the day that the new Treasury board met: "Your great abilities and your knowledge of the Revenue, will soon make you master of all the business, but how you will restore credit, and find money for the demands that will be upon you exceeds my capacity". Harley in 1711 created the
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With the sympathy which these attempted assassinations had evoked, and with the skill which the Lord
Treasurer possessed for conciliating the calmer members of either political party, he passed several months in office without any loss of reputation. He rearranged the nation's finances, and continued
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had penned the prayer, "Pray God preserve his health, everything depends upon it". The joy of the nation on his recovery knew no bounds. Both Houses presented an address to the crown, a suitable response came from the Queen, and on Harley's reappearance in the Lower House, the
Speaker made an oration
694:, Harley believed that the subordination of English soldiers to Dutch officers was the cause of the heavy English casualties. He, therefore, proposed a motion that future appointments of English foot regiments should be manned by Englishmen, which the House passed on 23 November 1692. He also opposed
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Thomson criticizes Harley's tenure at the
Northern Department, calling him "culpably negligent in the conduct of his business". In addition to citing the lax security already mentioned, Thomson writes that Harley "so arranged matters that the unhappy clerks in his office could not begin work until
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in
September 1710, was fast changing into hatred. The latter had resented the rise in fortune which the stabs of Guiscard had secured for his colleague Harley, and when he was raised to the peerage with the title of Baron St John and Viscount Bolingbroke, instead of with an Earldom, his resentment
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found that, although the Lord
Treasurer was profuse in his expressions of goodwill for their cause, no steps were taken to ensure its triumph, and they no longer placed reliance on promises which were repeatedly made and repeatedly broken. Even Harley's (Oxford's) friends began to complain of his
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Harley was forced from office, but his cousin
Abigail, who had recently married, continued in the Queen's service. Harley employed her influence without scruple, and not in vain. The cost of the protracted war with France, and the danger to the national church, the chief proof of which lay in the
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occurred and was defeated. Interrogators of
Jacobite prisoners tried to discover if there was a connection with Harley in the plan, but none could be established. This significantly delayed Harley's trial, as priority was given to the leading rebels, several of whom were executed. This may have
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It was the aim of the new chancellor to frame an administration from the moderate members of both parties, and to adopt with but slight changes the policy of his predecessors; but his efforts were doomed to disappointment. The Whigs refused to join an alliance with him, and the Tories, who were
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In
November 1698 and in January 1700 Harley was approached by the ministry to accept office in the government, on the latter occasion being offered the Secretaryship of State. He refused on both occasions as he did not want to serve with the Whigs. Upon the death of Anne's only surviving child,
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to handle the national debt—it proved highly successful (at first—the notorious "bubble" began in 1720). He succeeded in restoring confidence under his tenure; whereas the Jacobite invasion scare of 1708 and the alarm caused by the Queen's illness in early 1714 both caused runs on the bank,
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to limit the maximum life of a Parliament to three years. In the Commons in early 1693, he claimed that long parliaments were not as representative as short-lived ones and he drew from his pocket a copy of King William's Declaration of 1688 in which he had promised frequent parliaments.
984:(the latter, despite its form, being a single peerage). Harley claimed the title of Oxford because of his relationship through marriage to the previous holders, the De Veres. The title of Earl Mortimer was added in case a claim was laid to the Oxford earldom. On 29 May he was appointed
778:, as previously agreed with King William. Harley was pleased that both the Whigs and the Tories had agreed on placing further limits on the power of the crown and he was reported to have said that "he hoped in a little time our infamous distinctions and parties, but particularly
698:' proposed Abjuration Bill. If passed, this would have compelled office-holders to take an oath against recognising James II as the lawful king upon penalty of dismissal and imprisonment on the first refusal, with the penalties of high treason upon the second refusal.
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The clamours of the wilder spirits, the country members who met at the October Club, began to be re-echoed even by those who were attached to the person of Harley, when, through an unexpected event, his popularity was restored at a bound. A French refugee, the former
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Harley's importance to literature cannot be overstated. As a patron of the arts, he was notable. As a preservationist, he was invaluable. He used his wealth and power to collect an unparalleled library. He commissioned the creation of ballad collections, such as
1217:, contributed to the literary productions of the Club. His particular talent lay in poetry, and some of his work (always unsigned) has been preserved and may be found among editions of Swift's poetry. Additionally, he likely had some hand in the writing of
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during its passage through the Commons and he hoped for "an equal settlement of religion" to be achieved by the inclusion of Presbyterians in the Church of England. However, this was not adopted. He also helped to defeat a Tory amendment to the
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After an imprisonment of nearly two years, Harley was formally acquitted of the charges of high treason and high crimes and misdemeanours for which he had been impeached two years earlier, and allowed to resume his place among the peers.
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Both the Duchess and Godolphin were convinced that this change in the disposition of the queen was due to the influence of Harley and his relatives, but he was permitted to remain in office. Later, an ill-paid and poverty-stricken clerk,
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of English medieval learning, and they were right to do so, for he was the correspondent and benefactor of very many of them, and he deserved their gratitude as surely as he earned through his book-collecting the thanks of posterity".
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1802:(London: Methuen, 1902). Appendices: I. Swift's character of the Earl of Oxford.--II. Money lent to the Queen by the Earl of Oxford.--III. Note on the manuscripts and letters of and relating to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford.
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For some time, so long indeed as the victories of the great English general cast a glamour over the policy of his friends, Harley continued to act loyally with his colleagues. But in the summer of 1707, it became evident to
663:, which he represented until his elevation to the peerage in 1711. From an early age, Harley paid particular attention to the conduct of public business, taking special care over the study of the forms and ceremonies of the
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on a charge of treason, when he stabbed Harley in the breast with a penknife (8 March 1711). Fortunately for Harley, he had a taste for fine clothes, and on that occasion was wearing an ornate gold brocade
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735:, Harley emerged as the leader of the combined Country Whig-Tory opposition alliance against the Junto, or what Harley called the 'New Country Party'. Also in this year, he began his association with
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1106:. His political allies St John and Ormonde both fled to France before they could be arrested on similar grounds and entered the service of James. Initially, he was in ill health, suffering from
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through her mother, and of Harley on her father's side), whose coaxing contrasted favourably in the eyes of the Queen with the haughty manners of her old friend, the Duchess of Marlborough.
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One of the most pressing problems at this time was the major crisis in public finance caused by the need to pay for the war against France. The architect of Great Britain's finance was
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that some secret influence behind the throne was shaking the confidence of the Queen in her ministers. The sovereign had resented the intrusion into the administration of the impetuous
999:, in which a hat-box, armed with loaded pistols to be triggered by a thread within the package was sent to him; the assassination attempt was forestalled by the prompt intervention of
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knew no bounds. The royal favourite, Abigail, whose husband had been called to the Upper House as Baron Masham, deserted her old friend and relation for his more vivacious rival. The
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in an effort to weaken court patronage. In taking part in the debates, Harley wrote: "I hope we have shown the parts of honest men and lovers of our country". He also supported the
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successful beyond their wildest hopes at the polling booths, could not understand why their leaders did not adopt a policy more favourable to the interests of their party.
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midnight or a little before and so were unable to leave till dawn. Even where there was nothing to do, they were kept in attendance until about three in the morning".
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was brought about. At the time of his appointment as Secretary of State, Harley had given no outward sign of dissatisfaction with the Whigs, and it was mainly through
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in which he reminded the House of recent Tory persecutions (such as the harsh punishment of Monmouth's followers) and said that this injustice must be remedied.
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Immediately following his release Oxford was informed by George I that he was no longer welcome at court. He joined with the Tory lords to oppose the new
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This recommended Robert Harley to the notice of the Boscawen family, and led to his election, in April 1689, as the parliamentary representative of
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During 1688 Harley acted as his father's agent in promoting support for William, Prince of Orange and the Protestant cause against the policies of
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were taught to him at an early age, and he never formally abandoned his family's religious opinions, although he departed from them in politics.
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which was defeated. After this Lord Oxford increasingly took little part in public affairs, and died almost unnoticed in London on 21 May 1724.
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Johnson, Richard R. "Politics Redefined: An Assessment of Recent Writings on the Late Stuart Period of English History, 1660 to 1714."
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drew attention to their absence. The Queen found herself forced (11 February) to accept the resignations of both Harley and
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during three consecutive Parliaments until March 1705. From 18 May 1704, he combined this office with that of the
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in Parliament, in alliance with the Opposition Whigs. In 1719 they joined together in opposition to Stanhope's
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794:'; he recognised the political importance of careful management of the media. In 1703 Harley first made use of
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by the Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer and her daughter, the Duchess of Portland; it is known as the
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depended on the fortunes of the Tories. These convictions were strengthened in her mind by the new favourite
643:. Harley obtained a commission as a major of militia foot in Herefordshire, which he held for several years.
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on 5 November, Sir Edward Harley and his son immediately raised a troop of horse in support of the cause of
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1231:, in Harley's time "the whole company of scholars looked up to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, as the great
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In 1696 Harley advocated the founding of a Land Bank that would serve the agricultural interest as the
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and was cared for by his wife Sarah who remained with him during the first weeks of his imprisonment.
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Bennett, Gareth Vaughan. "Robert Harley, the Godolphin ministry, and the bishoprics crisis of 1707."
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with France in 1713, which brought an end to twelve years of English and Scottish involvement in the
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After Elizabeth's death, Harley married Sarah (died 17 June 1737), daughter of Simon Middleton of
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798:'s talents as a political writer. This proved so successful that he was later to employ both
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While these negotiations were under discussion, the friendship between Harley (Oxford) and
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Holmes, Geoffrey S., and William Arthur Speck. "The Fall of Harley in 1708 Reconsidered."
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to inherit the crown if he converted to Protestantism. On 14 May, Harley delivered his
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1299:, London, on 18 September 1694. They had no children. He died in 1724 at his house in
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498:. In 1714 Harley fell from favour following the accession of the first monarch of the
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Harley supported a Bill to exclude from the Commons holders of government office and
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615:. Harley wrote afterwards that "we are not a little rejoiced" at Monmouth's defeat.
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2105:"Archival material relating to Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer"
2018:
Snyder, Henry L. "Godolphin and Harley: A Study of Their Partnership in Politics."
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History of England, Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht
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1819:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007, accessed 18 January 2011.
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benefited him as the angry mood amongst Whigs against him had calmed by 1717.
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a distinct possibility. Many of the charges related to his negotiation of the
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441:(5 December 1661 – 21 May 1724) was an English statesman and peer of the late
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After a series of French victories in Flanders during the early years of the
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1098:. Further charges were added regarding his alleged secret plotting with the
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Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Wales
1991:
MacLachlan, A. D. 'The Road to Peace 1710–13', in Geoffrey Holmes (ed.),
1529:"Robert Harley as Secretary of State and his Intelligence Work: 1702–1708"
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The central achievement of Harley's government was the negotiation of the
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Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
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to pen pamphlets for him for use against his many opponents in politics.
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In May 1685 Harley married as his first wife Elizabeth, a daughter of
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As Speaker of the first Parliament, Harley oversaw the passage of the
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Illuminated manuscripts: a guide to the British Library’s collections
1023:", was not sufficient to block Parliamentary approval of the Treaty.
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His father was wrongly imprisoned for suspected support for the 1685
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He was also a noted literary figure, serving as a patron of both the
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Quartered arms of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
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on his behalf. Harley was sent to report to William, meeting him at
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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies
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British Library Illuminated Manuscripts; The Foundation Collections
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After the general election of February 1701, he held the office of
655:, a borough under their control, whilst at the same time acting as
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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is sometimes said to be named after him, although it was his son
462:
4096:
3180:
2873:
2424:
1813:
Harley, Robert, first earl of Oxford and Mortimer (1661–1724)
1786:
Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister
1357:
Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister
1256:, and they had four children before she died in November 1691:
1174:
literature that was then incomprehensible, and a great deal of
1019:
was brought to a conclusion on 31 March 1713. The Whig cry of "
701:
During the early 1690s, Harley became a leader, second only to
1850:
The Backstairs Dragon: A Life of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford
1166:, and he purchased loose poems from all corners. He preserved
1011:, which was met by the creation of twelve new peers nicknamed
1864:
Robert Harley Earl of Oxford. The Stanhope Prize Essay, 1925
995:
A further attempt was made on his life in November with the
1998:
Roberts, Clayton. "The Fall of the Godolphin Ministry."
1749:"Oxford, Earl of, and Mortimer, Earl (GB, 1711 – 1853)"
1030:
Robert Harley pictured carrying the white staff of the
1800:
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, Prime Minister, 1710–14
1341:
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, Prime Minister, 1710–14
1277:
Elizabeth (2 June 1689-20 November 1713), who married
1274:
and succeeded as 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer.
1193:
When he was in office, Harley promoted the careers of
569:, in a small school which produced at the same time a
1981:
McInnes, Angus. "The Appointment of Harley in 1704."
1733:
English Scholars. 1660–1730. Second, revised edition
956:
which was spread by broadsheet through the country.
5056:
4985:
4924:
4913:
4843:
4832:
4798:
4619:
4478:
4227:
4146:
4135:
3678:
3482:
3214:
3129:
3096:
3059:
3038:
3005:
2960:
2912:
2837:
Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
2811:
2756:
2705:
2676:
2605:
2550:
2466:
1886:Cobbett, William, Thomas B. Howell, and J. Thomas,
1307:, and was buried in the churchyard of St Barnabas,
833:, and had persuaded herself that the safety of the
429:
Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
402:
391:
381:
371:
357:
329:
302:
297:
281:
269:
255:
237:
225:
213:
203:
185:
173:
161:
151:
133:
121:
109:
99:
77:
34:
1354:
917:Oxford (right), together with his friend and ally
549:and his wife Abigail Stephens and the grandson of
2070:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 403–404.
1178:literature. His collection, with that of his son
553:and his third wife, the celebrated letter-writer
5154:Secretaries of state for the Northern Department
2637:Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
1735:(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951), p. 263.
821:influence that he was admitted to the ministry.
581:) and a Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (
1993:Britain after the Glorious Revolution 1689–1714
1922:Britain after the Glorious Revolution 1689–1714
1900:Davies, Godfrey. "The Fall of Harley in 1708."
1611:
1609:
2081:Portraits of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford
1292:, which he inherited from his father in 1700.
782:, should be wholly abolished and extirpated".
765:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
187:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
5184:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
5109:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain
4108:
3192:
2885:
2436:
1441:
1439:
1393:
1391:
1389:
479:, although it is generally accepted that the
8:
5144:Peers of Great Britain created by Queen Anne
1995:(London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 197–215.
1966:History of England in the Eighteenth Century
1924:(London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 216–237.
1890:(London: 1809–26, part of a 34 vol. series).
1260:Abigail (1685? - 15 July 1750), who married
1066:Impeachment of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford
980:, of Wigmore in the County of Hereford, and
938:La Bourlie (better known by the name of the
465:in 1711. Between 1711 and 1714 he served as
5114:Speakers of the House of Commons of England
2625:Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
1743:
1741:
4921:
4840:
4143:
4115:
4101:
4093:
3199:
3185:
3177:
2892:
2878:
2870:
2730:Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough
2443:
2429:
2421:
2218:Speaker of the House of Commons of England
2120:
2113:
2087:
1788:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).
1279:Peregrine Osborne, later 3rd Duke of Leeds
1224:though it is impossible to tell how much.
968:Godolphin's fall did not precipitate one.
755:Speaker of the House of Commons: 1701–1705
483:first minister to be a prime minister was
58:
31:
5209:People associated with the British Museum
1652:Earl of Oxford and E. Mortimer impeached.
1544:
1406:House of Commons 1690–1715 Volume 1 p.244
1182:, was sold to Parliament in 1753 for the
647:Backbench member of parliament: 1689–1701
4082:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
2596:Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington
1270:(2 June 1689-16 June 1741), who married
473:'s chief minister. He has been called a
251:February 1701 – 25 October 1705
5179:Members of the Privy Council of England
2823:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2793:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2769:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2746:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2666:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
2526:Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex
1817:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1332:
1113:Not long after he was detained a major
919:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
878:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
827:Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
679:that would have enabled James II's son
506:, and was for a time imprisoned in the
199:18 May 1704 – 13 February 1708
5204:English book and manuscript collectors
2843:Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury
2030:Sidney Godolphin: Servant of the state
1895:A History of the Tory Party, 1640–1714
1262:George Hay, later 8th Earl of Kinnoull
905:Chancellor of the Exchequer: 1710–1711
852:Robert Harley by Jonathan Richardson,
5139:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain
2589:Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton
2520:Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester
2491:Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton
2032:(University of Delaware Press, 1992).
1946:A land of liberty?: England 1689–1727
790:Harley was an early practitioner of '
635:, and took possession of the city of
541:, London, in 1661, the eldest son of
147:11 August 1710 – 4 June 1711
7:
2801:Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle
2777:Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
2688:Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester
2658:Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester
2568:Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland
2478:Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset
1859:(Littlehampton Book Services, 1970).
1284:Robert, who died in infancy in 1690.
1180:Edward, 2nd Lord Oxford and Mortimer
41:The Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
2738:John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale
2631:George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle
2499:Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere
2484:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
1939:British politics in the age of Anne
1845:(Cambridge University Press, 1979).
1590:The Secretaries of State: 1681-1782
1082:on 16 July 1715. He was accused of
1074:, the defeated minister retired to
976:On 23 May 1711 the minister became
809:During the time of his office, the
95:30 May 1711 – 30 July 1714
2785:Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville
2618:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
2562:James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
2532:James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
2506:Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk
2062:Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of
2009:Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope
1838:(London: Allen & Unwin, 1975).
1220:The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus
1170:literature (particularly poetry),
988:, and on 25 October 1712 became a
745:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
589:, but disliked it. He entered the
585:). Harley then spent some time at
449:periods. He began his career as a
25:
2722:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
2695:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
2643:Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
2085:National Portrait Gallery, London
1857:Robert Harley: Puritan Politician
1755:. 31 January 2004. Archived from
1593:. London: Frank Cass. p. 19.
1361:. Yale University Press. p.
942:), was being examined before the
529:who actually developed the area.
18:Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford
5134:Garter Knights appointed by Anne
4823:
4124:Speakers of the House of Commons
2951:
2650:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex
2541:
2403:Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
2044:
2020:The Huntington Library Quarterly
1576:DNBO1 reference to William Gregg
1227:In the opinion of the historian
982:Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
925:. Engraving after a painting by
593:on 18 March 1682, but was never
2288:Custos Rotulorum of Radnorshire
2095:Works relating to Robert Harley
1121:Harley also benefited from the
457:ministry. He was raised to the
239:Speaker of the House of Commons
79:Chief Minister of Great Britain
5219:High sheriffs of Herefordshire
2830:John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett
2000:The Journal of British Studies
1953:The William and Mary Quarterly
1125:between rival factions led by
972:Lord High Treasurer: 1711–1714
944:Privy Council of Great Britain
619:Glorious Revolution: 1688–1689
27:British politician (1661–1724)
1:
2936:5th Baron Willoughby de Broke
1962:William Edward Hartpole Lecky
1929:The English Historical Review
1902:The English Historical Review
1878:The English Historical Review
1321:Early-18th-century Whig plots
1088:high crimes and misdemeanours
853:
786:Northern Secretary: 1704–1708
657:High Sheriff of Herefordshire
496:War of the Spanish Succession
5129:Fellows of the Royal Society
3208:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2978:1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh
2901:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2854:Italics indicate service as
1215:The 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
1046:, the latter who had become
749:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
728:served the monied interest.
453:, before defecting to a new
5164:People acquitted of treason
4719:3rd Protectorate Parliament
4701:2nd Protectorate Parliament
2342:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2236:Parliament of Great Britain
2201:Parliament of Great Britain
1843:Robert Harley and the Press
899:Chancellor of the Exchequer
681:James Francis Edward Stuart
545:, a prominent landowner in
135:Chancellor of the Exchequer
5285:
2856:First Lord of the Treasury
2741:(March 1690–November 1690)
2725:(December 1688–April 1689)
2058:Courtney, William Prideaux
1866:(Oxford: Blackwell, 1925).
1272:Henrietta Cavendish Holles
1063:
510:by his political enemies.
116:Commission of the Treasury
5149:People from Covent Garden
4821:
4077:
2949:
2852:
2539:
2409:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2358:
2348:
2339:
2331:
2321:
2312:
2304:
2294:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2197:
2184:
2176:
2162:
2142:
2130:
2123:
1587:Thomson, Mark A. (1932).
1072:George I of Great Britain
414:
293:
244:
192:
140:
88:
73:
57:
2390:Peerage of Great Britain
2211:Sir Thomas Littleton, Bt
2037:England under Queen Anne
1931:80.317 (1965): 673–698.
1904:66.259 (1951): 246–254.
1880:82.325 (1967): 726–746.
1852:(Hamish Hamilton, 1969).
1633:Roscoe, 1902, pp 146–51.
1343:(London: Methuen, 1902).
733:general election of 1698
459:peerage of Great Britain
352:Kingdom of Great Britain
5264:Politicians from London
3165:Sir William Wyndham, Bt
2924:Sir George Home of Spot
2862:was ruled by Commission
2733:(April 1689–March 1690)
2067:Encyclopædia Britannica
1546:10.1111/1468-229X.13360
1527:Marshall, Alan (2023).
1499:Hill, p. 58, pp. 59–60.
1454:Hill, p. 26, pp. 33–34.
1060:Imprisonment: 1715–1717
5269:Collectors from London
2907:(1603–1649; 1660–1714)
2461:(1603–1649; 1660–1714)
2382:The Duke of Shrewsbury
1985:11.2 (1968): 255–271.
1983:The Historical Journal
1941:(A&C Black, 1987).
1836:Bolingbroke and Harley
1718:2 October 2019 at the
1654:at the journal of the
1353:Brian W. Hill (1988).
1249:
1039:
1021:No Peace Without Spain
930:
860:
843:Duchess of Marlborough
776:Act of Settlement 1701
769:The Earl of Nottingham
555:Brilliana, Lady Harley
425:
128:The Duke of Shrewsbury
5259:English MPs 1705–1707
5254:English MPs 1702–1705
5249:English MPs 1701–1702
5239:English MPs 1698–1700
5234:English MPs 1695–1698
5229:English MPs 1690–1695
5224:English MPs 1689–1690
5199:British MPs 1710–1713
5194:British MPs 1708–1710
5189:British MPs 1707–1708
4917:of the United Kingdom
3224:Eustace of Fauconberg
2653:(March–November 1679)
2621:(June–September 1660)
2245:Parliament of England
2125:Parliament of England
1848:Hamilton, Elizabeth.
1247:
1141:Later life: 1717–1724
1029:
916:
888:Opposition: 1708–1710
851:
670:Harley supported the
557:. He was educated at
533:Early life: 1661–1688
423:
5119:Lord high treasurers
4686:Barebones Parliament
2984:1st Baron Cottington
2749:(November 1690–1694)
2698:(1687–December 1688)
2661:(November 1679–1684)
2455:Lord High Treasurers
2252:Member of Parliament
2187:Member of Parliament
2145:Member of Parliament
2109:UK National Archives
2002:22.1 (1982): 71–93.
1070:On the accession of
990:Knight of the Garter
575:Lord High Chancellor
573:(Harley himself), a
276:Sir Thomas Littleton
37:The Right Honourable
5159:Harleian Collection
3108:Sir Charles Montagu
2845:(July–October 1714)
2372:Lord High Treasurer
1759:on 28 December 2010
1290:Brampton Bryan Hall
1248:Brampton Bryan Hall
1209:as a member of the
1164:The Bagford Ballads
1157:Literary importance
1036:Jonathan Richardson
1032:Lord High Treasurer
940:Marquis de Guiscard
927:Sir Godfrey Kneller
571:Lord High Treasurer
537:Harley was born in
467:Lord High Treasurer
83:Lord High Treasurer
4084:Lord Chief Justice
3141:1st Baron Carleton
2990:Sir John Colepeper
2942:Sir Richard Weston
2315:Northern Secretary
2308:Sir Charles Hedges
2298:The Lord Coningsby
2281:Sir Rowland Gwynne
2273:Political offices
2180:Sir Rowland Gwynne
2028:Sundstrom, Roy A.
1976:History of England
1972:Thomas B. Macaulay
1948:(Oxford UP, 2000).
1937:Holmes, Geoffrey.
1871:Background studies
1753:Cracroft's Peerage
1731:David C. Douglas,
1250:
1048:Secretary of State
1040:
931:
921:and a portrait of
861:
613:Monmouth rebellion
600:The principles of
426:
324:Kingdom of England
220:Sir Charles Hedges
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
4909:
4908:
4819:
4818:
4090:
4089:
3174:
3173:
3081:2nd Baron Delamer
2930:Sir Julius Caesar
2867:
2866:
2645:(1673–March 1679)
2419:
2418:
2410:Succeeded by
2379:Succeeded by
2349:Succeeded by
2322:Succeeded by
2295:Succeeded by
2263:Succeeded by
2225:Succeeded by
2198:Succeeded by
2166:Sir John Tremayne
2163:Succeeded by
2153:1689–1690
2035:Trevelyan, G.M.
2022:(1967): 241–271.
1968:. London, 1878–90
1955:(1978): 691–732.
1372:978-0-300-04284-9
1311:, Herefordshire.
1213:. He, along with
1188:Harley Collection
1096:Treaty of Utrecht
1017:Treaty of Utrecht
1015:, the much-vexed
965:South Sea Company
923:Francis Atterbury
895:Henry Sacheverell
841:(a cousin of the
835:Church of England
811:Act of Union 1707
800:Delarivier Manley
629:landed in England
595:called to the bar
587:Foubert's Academy
551:Sir Robert Harley
543:Sir Edward Harley
492:Treaty of Utrecht
418:
417:
407:Sir Edward Harley
16:(Redirected from
5276:
5244:English MPs 1701
4922:
4915:House of Commons
4841:
4836:of Great Britain
4834:House of Commons
4827:
4144:
4137:House of Commons
4117:
4110:
4103:
4094:
3484:of Great Britain
3201:
3194:
3187:
3178:
3017:1st Baron Ashley
2972:1st Baron Weston
2955:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2839:(1711–July 1714)
2545:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2365:The Earl Poulett
2332:Preceded by
2305:Preceded by
2278:Preceded by
2242:Preceded by
2208:Preceded by
2177:Preceded by
2134:Charles Boscawen
2131:Preceded by
2121:
2117:
2112:
2099:Internet Archive
2091:
2071:
2050:
2048:
2047:
1944:Hoppit, Julian.
1893:Feiling, Keith.
1855:McInnes, Angus.
1834:Biddle, Sheila.
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1649:
1643:
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1634:
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1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1539:(381): 328–352.
1524:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:Hill, pp. 44–45.
1479:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:Hill, pp. 17–18.
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1360:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1301:Albemarle Street
1229:David C. Douglas
1205:. He also wrote
874:Duke of Somerset
858:
855:
737:Sidney Godolphin
665:House of Commons
500:House of Hanover
410:Abigail Stephens
336:
312:
310:
298:Personal details
284:
272:
249:
228:
216:
197:
176:
164:
145:
124:
112:
93:
62:
32:
21:
5284:
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5089:
5088:
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5078:
5052:
4981:
4916:
4905:
4835:
4828:
4815:
4794:
4615:
4474:
4223:
4138:
4131:
4121:
4091:
4086:
4073:
3964:Heathcoat-Amory
3681:
3674:
3478:
3210:
3205:
3175:
3170:
3133:
3125:
3100:
3092:
3087:Richard Hampden
3067:
3055:
3042:
3034:
3009:
3001:
2996:Sir Edward Hyde
2964:
2956:
2947:
2916:
2908:
2905:House of Stuart
2898:
2868:
2863:
2848:
2815:
2807:
2760:
2752:
2713:
2701:
2680:
2672:
2609:
2601:
2554:
2546:
2537:
2470:
2462:
2459:House of Stuart
2449:
2415:
2406:
2384:
2375:
2367:
2354:
2345:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2310:
2300:
2291:
2283:
2268:
2259:
2247:
2230:
2221:
2213:
2203:
2194:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2154:
2152:
2140:
2136:
2103:
2077:
2056:
2045:
2043:
2015:(London: 1870).
1978:(London, 1855).
1918:Geoffrey Holmes
1910:Gregg, Edward.
1873:
1831:
1826:
1824:Further reading
1778:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1720:Wayback Machine
1711:
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1317:
1242:
1211:Scriblerus Club
1159:
1143:
1115:Jacobite Rising
1080:Tower of London
1068:
1062:
1034:. Portrait by
974:
907:
893:prosecution of
890:
856:
831:Lord Sunderland
788:
757:
726:Bank of England
692:Nine Years' War
672:Toleration Bill
649:
627:. When William
621:
535:
519:Scriblerus Club
508:Tower of London
409:
387:Sarah Middleton
386:
385:Elizabeth Foley
372:Political party
338:
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313:5 December 1661
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66:Godfrey Kneller
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2170:Hugh Fortescue
2164:
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2158:Hugh Fortescue
2141:
2138:Hugh Fortescue
2132:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2101:
2092:
2076:
2075:External links
2073:
2041:
2040:
2039:(3 v 1930–34).
2033:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1908:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1841:Downie, J. A.
1839:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1798:E. S. Roscoe,
1796:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1737:
1724:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1667:Hill p.227-228
1660:
1656:House of Lords
1644:
1635:
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1371:
1345:
1339:E. S. Roscoe,
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1309:Brampton Bryan
1288:They lived at
1286:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1265:
1241:
1238:
1199:Alexander Pope
1195:Jonathan Swift
1184:British Museum
1176:Middle English
1158:
1155:
1147:Whig Oligarchy
1142:
1139:
1131:Robert Walpole
1127:James Stanhope
1064:Main article:
1061:
1058:
1013:Harley's Dozen
1009:House of Lords
1001:Jonathan Swift
986:Lord Treasurer
973:
970:
906:
903:
889:
886:
839:Abigail Masham
804:Jonathan Swift
787:
784:
756:
753:
718:Triennial Bill
677:Bill of Rights
648:
645:
620:
617:
534:
531:
485:Robert Walpole
476:prime minister
469:, effectively
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362:Brampton Bryan
359:
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337:(aged 62)
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5018:Hylton-Foster
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2053:public domain
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1791:
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588:
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579:Lord Harcourt
576:
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547:Herefordshire
544:
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358:Resting place
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178:
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5057:21st century
4986:20th century
4957:Shaw-Lefevre
4925:19th century
4844:18th century
4805:
4799:18th century
4620:17th century
4479:16th century
4228:15th century
4147:14th century
4079:
3959:Thorneycroft
3904:W. Churchill
3864:Lloyd George
3829:R. Churchill
3726:
3704:
3654:Ellenborough
3652:
3588:Bilson-Legge
3580:
3576:Bilson-Legge
3566:Bilson-Legge
3558:
3536:
3501:
3152:
2836:
2828:
2799:
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2783:
2775:
2767:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2693:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2616:
2587:
2575:William Laud
2573:
2513:George Abbot
2511:
2497:
2489:
2401:
2397:New creation
2396:
2370:
2363:First Lord:
2359:
2340:
2313:
2286:
2250:
2244:
2216:
2200:
2185:
2156:
2143:
2065:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2012:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1894:
1888:State Trials
1887:
1877:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1799:
1785:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1732:
1727:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1599:
1589:
1582:
1571:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1517:Hill, p. 66.
1513:
1508:Hill, p. 63.
1504:
1495:
1490:Hill, p. 55.
1486:
1477:
1472:Hill, p. 32.
1468:
1463:Hill, p. 24.
1459:
1450:
1445:Hill, p. 31.
1433:Hill, p. 30.
1429:
1424:Hill, p. 18.
1420:
1411:
1402:
1397:Hill, p. 10.
1376:. Retrieved
1356:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1294:
1287:
1281:in 1712; and
1254:Thomas Foley
1251:
1226:
1218:
1206:
1192:
1160:
1151:Peerage Bill
1144:
1135:
1120:
1112:
1084:high treason
1069:
1041:
1005:
997:Bandbox Plot
994:
981:
978:Baron Harley
977:
975:
961:Lord Halifax
958:
932:
908:
891:
882:
870:Daniel Defoe
862:
823:
808:
796:Daniel Defoe
789:
773:
758:
741:
730:
723:
711:
700:
689:
669:
650:
622:
610:
599:
536:
515:October Club
512:
489:
474:
428:
427:
335:(1724-05-21)
283:Succeeded by
246:
227:Succeeded by
194:
175:Succeeded by
142:
123:Succeeded by
115:
90:
64:Portrait by
29:
5104:1724 deaths
5099:1661 births
4765:W. Williams
4697:Widdrington
4571:T. Williams
4455:Fitzwilliam
4430:Alington II
4420:Strangeways
3844:Hicks Beach
3819:Hicks Beach
3739:Spring Rice
3239:Westminster
3167:(1713–1714)
3161:(1711–1713)
3155:(1710–1711)
3149:(1708–1710)
3143:(1702–1708)
3134:(1702–1714)
3122:(1701–1702)
3120:Henry Boyle
3116:(1699–1701)
3110:(1694–1699)
3101:(1694–1702)
3098:William III
3089:(1690–1694)
3083:(1689–1690)
3077:(1688–1689)
3068:(1689–1694)
3052:(1685–1688)
3043:(1685–1688)
3031:(1676–1685)
3025:(1672–1676)
3019:(1661–1672)
3010:(1660–1685)
2998:(1643–1646)
2992:(1642–1643)
2986:(1629–1642)
2980:(1628–1629)
2974:(1625–1628)
2965:(1625–1649)
2944:(1621–1625)
2938:(1614–1621)
2932:(1606–1614)
2926:(1603–1606)
2917:(1603–1625)
2860:HM Treasury
2833:(1710–1711)
2825:(1702–1710)
2816:(1702–1714)
2804:(1701–1702)
2796:(1700–1701)
2788:(1699–1700)
2780:(1697–1699)
2772:(1694–1697)
2761:(1694–1702)
2758:William III
2714:(1689–1694)
2690:(1685–1686)
2681:(1685–1688)
2669:(1684–1685)
2639:(1672–1673)
2633:(1667–1670)
2627:(1660–1667)
2610:(1660–1685)
2598:(1643–1646)
2592:(1641–1643)
2584:(1636–1641)
2578:(1635–1636)
2570:(1628–1633)
2564:(1625–1628)
2555:(1625–1649)
2534:(1624–1625)
2528:(1621–1624)
2522:(1620–1621)
2516:(1618–1620)
2508:(1614–1618)
2502:(1613–1614)
2494:(1612–1613)
2486:(1608–1612)
2480:(1603–1608)
2471:(1603–1625)
2325:Henry Boyle
2266:Lord Harley
1829:Biographies
1809:W. A. Speck
1305:Westminster
1172:Anglo-Saxon
1168:Renaissance
1090:, with the
857: 1710
696:Lord Somers
633:William III
583:Lord Trevor
567:Oxfordshire
340:Westminster
333:21 May 1724
271:Preceded by
260:William III
232:Henry Boyle
215:Preceded by
163:Preceded by
111:Preceded by
5093:Categories
5038:Weatherill
4952:Abercromby
4642:Richardson
4491:Englefield
4470:Englefield
4410:T. Tresham
4385:W. Tresham
4370:W. Tresham
4360:W. Tresham
4325:Alington I
4260:Hungerford
4184:Waldegrave
4169:De la Mare
4164:Hungerford
4159:De la Mare
4139:of England
3690:Vansittart
3670:Vansittart
3608:Dowdeswell
3593:Barrington
3424:Cottington
3294:Harvington
3269:Willoughby
3264:de la Leye
3254:G. Giffard
3249:W. Giffard
3216:of England
3147:John Smith
3114:John Smith
3075:John Ernle
3050:John Ernle
3029:John Ernle
3007:Charles II
2903:under the
2607:Charles II
2457:under the
2407:1711–1724
2376:1711–1714
2346:1710–1711
2335:John Smith
2319:1704–1708
2292:1702–1714
2260:1707–1711
2228:John Smith
2222:1701–1705
2195:1690–1707
1912:Queen Anne
1776:References
1703:Hill p.230
1694:Hill p.229
1685:Hill p.229
1676:Hill p.228
1123:Whig Split
780:Jacobitism
731:After the
707:Whig Junto
703:Paul Foley
661:New Radnor
539:Bow Street
471:Queen Anne
445:and early
309:1661-12-05
288:John Smith
168:John Smith
5043:Boothroyd
4932:Addington
4901:Addington
4896:Grenville
4876:A. Onslow
4856:R. Onslow
4790:Littleton
4715:Bampfield
4662:Glanville
4611:Yelverton
4596:Puckering
4591:Popham II
4516:Wingfield
4496:Sheffield
4275:Beauchamp
4189:Pickering
4174:Pickering
3979:Callaghan
3954:Macmillan
3944:Gaitskell
3809:Gladstone
3804:Northcote
3799:Gladstone
3779:Gladstone
3764:Gladstone
3706:Tenterden
3643:Addington
3633:Cavendish
3623:Cavendish
3613:Townshend
3603:Grenville
3582:Mansfield
3571:Lyttelton
3429:Colepeper
3394:Fortescue
3384:Sackville
3304:Stratford
3299:Wodehouse
3234:Leicester
2962:Charles I
2552:Charles I
2060:(1911). "
1763:1 January
1563:258875615
1555:0018-2648
1207:with them
1108:pneumonia
1102:claimant
1053:Jacobites
949:waistcoat
637:Worcester
487:in 1721.
403:Parent(s)
382:Spouse(s)
344:Middlesex
320:Middlesex
247:In office
195:In office
143:In office
91:In office
5013:Morrison
4891:Cornwall
4740:Charlton
4730:Grimston
4725:Lenthall
4692:Lenthall
4677:Lenthall
4667:Lenthall
4657:J. Finch
4652:H. Finch
4647:T. Crewe
4637:R. Crewe
4566:Gargrave
4450:Mordaunt
4400:Charlton
4380:Popham I
4255:Doreward
4250:Stourton
4204:Doreward
4064:Kwarteng
3974:Maudling
3929:Anderson
3839:Harcourt
3824:Harcourt
3814:Childers
3784:Disraeli
3774:Disraeli
3759:Disraeli
3749:Goulburn
3717:Goulburn
3695:Robinson
3665:Perceval
3598:Dashwood
3532:Aislabie
3527:Stanhope
3444:Duncombe
3414:Portland
3409:Greville
3374:Cromwell
3344:Thwaites
3329:Somerset
3274:Benstead
3259:Chishull
3244:Chishull
3229:Maunsell
3040:James II
2678:James II
2024:in JSTOR
2004:in JSTOR
1987:in JSTOR
1957:in JSTOR
1933:in JSTOR
1906:in JSTOR
1882:in JSTOR
1716:Archived
1315:See also
1297:Edmonton
1264:in 1709.
1233:Maecenas
1203:John Gay
1100:Jacobite
815:Scotland
714:placemen
625:James II
602:Whiggism
517:and the
504:George I
481:de facto
447:Georgian
392:Children
256:Monarchs
5003:FitzRoy
4998:Whitley
4993:Lowther
4962:Denison
4937:Mitford
4871:Compton
4861:Bromley
4760:Gregory
4755:Seymour
4745:Seymour
4735:Turnour
4632:Phelips
4561:Cordell
4546:Pollard
4440:Catesby
4405:Wenlock
4390:Oldhall
4335:Russell
4305:Russell
4295:Baynard
4290:Chaucer
4265:Chaucer
4245:Chaucer
4240:Tiptoft
4235:Esturmy
4214:Redford
4080:Italic:
4044:Hammond
4039:Osborne
4034:Darling
3989:Macleod
3984:Jenkins
3909:Snowden
3899:Snowden
3889:Baldwin
3869:McKenna
3859:Asquith
3849:Ritchie
3834:Goschen
3722:Althorp
3712:Herries
3700:Canning
3680:of the
3544:Walpole
3522:Walpole
3512:Wyndham
3464:Montagu
3459:Hampden
3454:Delamer
3419:Barrett
3389:Mildmay
3369:Berners
3359:Catesby
3319:Barnham
3289:Stanton
3279:Sandale
3061:William
2914:James I
2707:William
2468:James I
2452:British
2149:Tregony
2097:at the
2083:at the
2055::
1897:(1924).
1533:History
1044:St John
761:Speaker
653:Tregony
563:Burford
561:, near
559:Shilton
376:Country
348:England
204:Monarch
152:Monarch
100:Monarch
5069:Bercow
5064:Martin
5048:Martin
5033:Thomas
4886:Norton
4866:Hanmer
4806:Harley
4780:Trevor
4770:Trevor
4750:Sawyer
4713:&
4672:Pelham
4601:Snagge
4576:Onslow
4556:Higham
4511:Audley
4501:Nevill
4486:Dudley
4460:Empson
4445:Lovell
4395:Thorpe
4365:Burley
4355:Burley
4350:Tyrell
4330:Tyrell
4320:Tyrell
4315:Vernon
4310:Walton
4300:Flower
4280:Flower
4270:Redman
4219:Savage
4209:Savage
4199:Cheney
4059:Zahawi
4024:Clarke
4019:Lamont
4009:Lawson
3999:Healey
3994:Barber
3949:Butler
3939:Cripps
3934:Dalton
3744:Baring
3728:Denman
3554:Pelham
3549:Sandys
3517:Onslow
3507:Benson
3502:Harley
3439:Ashley
3404:Caesar
3399:Dunbar
3364:Lovell
3354:Fowler
3349:Witham
3339:Witham
3334:Browne
3314:Ashton
3284:Hotham
3063:&
2709:&
2256:Radnor
2191:Radnor
2155:With:
2049:
1914:(1980)
1804:online
1792:
1561:
1553:
1378:8 July
1369:
1268:Edward
1240:Family
1201:, and
641:Henley
461:as an
443:Stuart
397:Edward
68:, 1714
5074:Hoyle
5028:Lloyd
5008:Brown
4977:Gully
4967:Brand
4942:Abbot
4851:Smith
4811:Smith
4785:Foley
4775:Powle
4707:Chute
4627:Croke
4551:Broke
4536:Baker
4531:Moyle
4465:Drury
4415:Green
4345:Bowes
4194:Bussy
4054:Sunak
4049:Javid
4029:Brown
4014:Major
3969:Lloyd
3919:Simon
3884:Horne
3769:Lewis
3660:Petty
3618:North
3538:Pratt
3497:Smith
3492:Boyle
3474:Boyle
3469:Smith
3449:Ernle
3379:Baker
3324:Somer
3309:Ashby
2858:when
1559:S2CID
1327:Notes
1104:James
953:Swift
813:with
565:, in
5023:King
4972:Peel
4881:Cust
4711:Long
4682:Rous
4606:Coke
4586:Bell
4581:Wray
4541:Dyer
4526:Hare
4521:Rich
4506:More
4435:Wood
4340:Hunt
4285:Hunt
4128:list
4069:Hunt
4004:Howe
3924:Wood
3794:Lowe
3789:Hunt
3754:Wood
3734:Peel
3648:Pitt
3638:Pitt
3628:Pitt
3434:Hyde
3131:Anne
3065:Mary
2813:Anne
2711:Mary
2254:for
2189:for
2147:for
1790:ISBN
1765:2011
1551:ISSN
1380:2013
1367:ISBN
1129:and
1086:and
936:abbé
802:and
792:spin
604:and
463:earl
455:Tory
451:Whig
330:Died
303:Born
264:Anne
208:Anne
156:Anne
104:Anne
4425:Say
4375:Say
3874:Law
3560:Lee
2064:".
1815:’,
1811:, ‘
1541:doi
1537:108
439:FRS
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2011:,
1974:,
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1740:^
1608:^
1557:.
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433:KG
431:,
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