164:
optimal states requires appeal to subjective values, the superiority of at least one such state over any given state outside the set may be defended as almost tautological." Since that time, contract scholarship has increasingly adopted economic perspectives. In the abstract for Damage
Measure and Economic Rationality: The Geometry of Contract Law, Birmingham writes "The question of damage measures presented by the conscious decision of a promisor to breach a losing contract raises one of the most perplexing conceptual problems in contract law. Recognizing the present inability of the courts rationally to resolve the problem, as illustrated by the opposing decisions in Groves v. John Wunder Company and Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal and Mining Company, the author undertakes to examine the premises of contract law with a fresh perspective-economic analysis." It is precisely this "fresh perspective" of "economic analysis" that pervades and infuses much of this legal theory and is one of his biggest contributions to the legal world. At the same time, however, one would be wise not to overlook Birmingham's further remarks, now issuing some twenty years after Breach of Contract, Damage Measures, and Economic Efficiency: "Scholarship about contracts suffers too, however, under our hypothetical hegemony of economics. There are no more revolutions for us, no new paradigms. Starting with our single rule, we practice Kuhnian normal science, writing successive articles showing that rule X, rule Y, etc. of contract law are efficient. This practice is useful and necessary but unheroic; our physics-envy is of Newton not of some anonymous technician."
84:, extending the right to vote to persons over the age of 18, Birmingham came down firmly in favor of ratifying the amendment, noting that successive presidential and congressional combinations could otherwise raise or lower the voting age at will. Upon ascending to Associate Professor in 1971, Birmingham stayed for three additional years ending his time at Indiana in 1973. He returned as a visiting professor in 1978–1979, but the majority of the time between 1974 and 2007 has been spent lecturing on the campus of the
106:
91:
In 2007, Birmingham was required to take a leave of absence after showing a film clip to a class that featured an interview with a pimp followed by a scene of "scantily clad women in a sexually suggestive pose". It was later announced that he would return to teaching the following semester, but would
163:
of expectation damages to appear in the legal literature was that of
Professor Birmingham, in his article Breach of Contract, Damage Measures, and Economic Efficiency, 24 Rutgers L. Rev. 273 (1970). Illustrative is Birmingham's following statement in that piece: "Although choice among Pareto
56:. While completing his third and final law school year, and also serving as law journal editor-in-chief, Birmingham was enrolled in the first year of a PhD program in economics. After law school, Birmingham traveled to
81:
80:
in 1967. From there he moved on and taught as an assistant professor of law at
Indiana University, Bloomington from 1967 to 1971. During the debate over the adoption of the proposed
675:
247:
Book Review, 25 University of
Pittsburgh Law Review 623 (1964) (reviewing E. Stein & P. Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of the Atlantic Area (1963)).
124:
216:
Legal and Moral Duty in Game Theory: Common Law
Contract and Chinese Analogies, 18 Buffalo Law Review 99 (1969) (excerpted in The Economics of Contract Law (1979)).
22:
is an
American academic and legal scholar, who specializes in admiralty law, federal courts, energy law, and law and philosophy. He is a professor of law at the
399:
Robert L. Birmingham, Book Review: TEACHING CONTRACTS: COMING HOME TO ROOST ESSAYS ON CONTRACT (P.S. Atiyah), 69 Boston
University Law Review 435, 436 (1989).
68:(1965). Birmingham returned to the University of Pittsburgh where, in 1967, he completed his doctorate in economics, and then a PhD in philosophy in 1976.
660:
650:
85:
23:
43:
207:
Daubert, Proof of a Prior, and the
Soliton: Bernert Towboat Co. v. USS CHANDLER (DDG996), 34 Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 173 (2003) .
378:
See Alani
Golanski, Book Review: FRAMING CONTRACT LAW: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE (Victor Goldberg), New York Law Journal (June 13, 2007).
52:
235:
Book Review, AA Nice Book, 23 Connecticut Law Review 1029 (1991) (reviewing
Richard A. Posner, Cardozo: A Study in Reputation (1990)) .
655:
241:
Book Review, 13 Villanova Law Review 884 (1968) (reviewing J. Cohen, The Criminal Process in the People's Republic of China (1968)).
142:
425:
369:
Robert L. Birmingham, Breach of Contract, Damage Measures, and Economic Efficiency, 24 RUTGERS L. REV. 273, 278 (1970).
213:
The Growth of the Law: Decision Theory and the Doctrine of Consideration, 55 Archive and Social Philosophy 467 (1969).
244:
Book Review, 21 Stanford Law Review 201 (1968) (reviewing D. Bodde & C. Morris, Law in Imperial China (1967)).
210:
Economic Integration in East Africa: Distribution of Gains, 9 Virginia Journal of International Law 408 (1969).
39:
238:
Book Review, 69 Boston University Law Review 435 (1989) (reviewing P.S. Atiyah, Essays on Contract (1986)).
670:
77:
665:
268:
65:
156:
201:
52 citations: Legal and moral duty in game theory: common law contract and Chinese analogies.
295:
160:
27:
309:
47:
225:
The War Crimes Trial: A Second Look, 24 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 132 (1962).
204:
Recent Developments in Evidence Law, 34 Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 1 (2003) .
61:
408:
644:
198:
88 citations: Damage Measures and Economic Rationality: The Geometry of Contract Law.
76:
Birmingham's first teaching position was as visiting assistant professor of law at
57:
360:
Daniel Markovits, Contract and Collaboration, 113 Yale Law Journal 1417 (2004).
88:. As of 2020, he is the most tenured full professor on the UConn Law faculty.
195:
417 citations: Breach of contract, damage measures, and economic efficiency.
222:
Integration and Economic Development, 1965 Villanova Law Forum 781 (1965).
219:
The Prisoner's Dilemma and Mutual Trust: Comment, 79 Ethics 156 (1969).
388:
Damage Measures and Economic Rationality: The Geometry of Contract Law
99:
334:
Grace E. Merritt, "UConn Law Professor Asked To Take Leave",
390:, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1969, No. 1 (Feb., 1969), pp. 49–71
155:
Birmingham approaches contracts and damage measures from a
347:
Grace E. Merritt, "Law Professor To Return To Classroom",
46:. During law school, Birmingham distinguished himself as
92:
not be teaching his usual feminist legal theory course.
82:
Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
120:
172:
The following is a list of Birmingham's Publications:
115:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
159:standpoint. The first systematic statement of the
26:. He is best known for originating the theory of
183:The Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law
566:Hugh C. Macgill (1971–1990) Dean from 1990–2000
676:University of Pittsburgh School of Law alumni
263:
261:
8:
494:Phillip I. Blumberg (1974–1984) Now a dean
451:
38:In 1960, Birmingham earned an AB from the
521:Jessica de Perio Wittman (Associate prof)
316:. University of Connecticut School of Law
275:. University of Connecticut School of Law
143:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:, without removing the technical details.
563:Joseph A. MacDougald (Prof in residence)
293:"Many Sides To 18-Year-Old Vote Issue",
464:
257:
86:University of Connecticut School of Law
24:University of Connecticut School of Law
44:University of Pittsburgh School of Law
518:Miguel de Figueiredo (Associate prof)
420:
418:
416:
125:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
548:Peter Kochenburger (Associate prof)
53:University of Pittsburgh Law Review
42:. In 1963, he earned his JD at the
14:
661:University of Connecticut faculty
273:U Conn School of Law Faculty Page
602:Ellen Ash Peters (visiting prof)
104:
651:University of Pittsburgh alumni
617:Douglas M. Spencer (young prof)
581:Jamelia Morgan (Associate prof)
506:John Aloysius Cogan, Jr. (2013)
310:"Faculty & Staff Directory"
1:
569:Brendan S. Maher (young prof)
530:Richard Michael Fischl (2006)
488:Bethany Berger – (young prof)
575:Willajeanne F. McLean (1991)
503:Paul Chill (Dean since 1988)
497:Kiel Brennan-Marquez (Young)
296:The Bedford Daily-Times Mail
512:Covello, Diane (young Prof)
500:Sara C. Bronin (Young Prof)
409:"Our Faculty: Publications"
351:(November 2, 2007), p. B11.
692:
590:Ángel Oquendo (Young Prof)
656:Harvard Law School alumni
578:Thomas H. Morawetz (1977)
554:Alexandra D. Lahav (2004)
491:Robert L. Birmingham 1974
338:(October 4, 2007), p. B1.
185:, Vol. 3, 294-300 (1998).
626:Richard A. Wilson (2009)
596:Richard W. Parker (2007)
539:Mark Weston Janis (1980)
40:University of Pittsburgh
593:Sachin S. Pandya (2008)
614:Peter Siegelman (2004)
611:Susan Schmeiser (2002)
587:R. Kent Newmyer (1997)
572:Jennifer Mailly (2000)
560:Leslie C. Levin (2012)
536:Greene, Hillary (2007)
533:Fisher, Timothy (2003)
524:Timothy Everett (1987)
299:(April 5, 1970), p. 2.
269:"Robert L. Birmingham"
60:, where he earned his
620:James H. Stark (1979)
542:Richard S. Kay (2016)
515:Anne C. Dailey (1990)
509:Mathilde Cohen (2012)
473:Jill C. Anderson 2010
78:Ohio State University
608:Jessica Rubin (2013)
20:Robert L. Birmingham
605:Richard Pomp (2007)
599:Lisa Perkins (2015)
527:Fernow, Todd (1983)
168:Select publications
623:Stephen Utz (1983)
584:Minor Myers (2019)
485:Loftus Becker 1977
430:scholar.google.com
66:Harvard Law School
638:
637:
557:Molly Land (2013)
551:James Kwak (2013)
545:Darcy Kirk (1996)
482:Mary Beattie 2018
157:law and economics
153:
152:
145:
16:American academic
683:
630:
469:
456:Extended content
452:
440:
439:
437:
436:
426:"Google Scholar"
422:
411:
406:
400:
397:
391:
385:
379:
376:
370:
367:
361:
358:
352:
349:Hartford Courant
345:
339:
336:Hartford Courant
332:
326:
325:
323:
321:
306:
300:
291:
285:
284:
282:
280:
265:
190:Journal articles
148:
141:
137:
134:
128:
108:
107:
100:
28:efficient breach
691:
690:
686:
685:
684:
682:
681:
680:
641:
640:
639:
634:
633:
476:Paul Bader 2002
470:
466:
457:
449:
444:
443:
434:
432:
424:
423:
414:
407:
403:
398:
394:
386:
382:
377:
373:
368:
364:
359:
355:
346:
342:
333:
329:
319:
317:
308:
307:
303:
292:
288:
278:
276:
267:
266:
259:
254:
232:
192:
178:
170:
149:
138:
132:
129:
121:help improve it
118:
109:
105:
98:
74:
48:editor-in-chief
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
689:
687:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
643:
642:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:Jon Bauer 1988
477:
474:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
450:
448:
445:
442:
441:
412:
401:
392:
380:
371:
362:
353:
340:
327:
301:
286:
256:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
191:
188:
187:
186:
177:
174:
169:
166:
151:
150:
112:
110:
103:
97:
94:
73:
70:
35:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
688:
677:
674:
672:
671:Living people
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
646:
629:.</ref>
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
454:
453:
446:
431:
427:
421:
419:
417:
413:
410:
405:
402:
396:
393:
389:
384:
381:
375:
372:
366:
363:
357:
354:
350:
344:
341:
337:
331:
328:
315:
311:
305:
302:
298:
297:
290:
287:
274:
270:
264:
262:
258:
251:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
229:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
189:
184:
181:Reliance, in
180:
179:
175:
173:
167:
165:
162:
158:
147:
144:
136:
126:
122:
116:
113:This section
111:
102:
101:
95:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
41:
33:
31:
30:of contract.
29:
25:
21:
467:
433:. Retrieved
429:
404:
395:
387:
383:
374:
365:
356:
348:
343:
335:
330:
318:. Retrieved
313:
304:
294:
289:
277:. Retrieved
272:
182:
171:
154:
139:
130:
114:
90:
75:
51:
37:
19:
18:
666:1938 births
58:New England
645:Categories
435:2020-07-27
252:References
161:efficiency
314:law.uconn
133:July 2020
34:Education
279:July 12,
320:18 July
230:Reviews
119:Please
64:, from
50:of the
72:Career
447:Notes
176:Books
322:2020
281:2020
96:Work
123:to
62:LLM
647::
428:.
415:^
312:.
271:.
260:^
438:.
324:.
283:.
146:)
140:(
135:)
131:(
117:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.