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United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. In the course of this war, General
Bullard commanded in turn the first American division to take its place in the front lines in France, the 3d Corps, and the Second Army. He participated in operations in reduction of the Marne salient and in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. He was in command of the Second Army when the German resistance west of the Meuse was shattered.
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552:. Due to his alleged disobedience or deliberate misinterpretation of orders, the 79th Division, part of Cameron's V Corps, had no support to their right and suffered unnecessarily severe casualties as they performed a frontal attack on the fortress. Additionally, Bullard continued to conduct offensive operations, with full knowledge that the
575:
The
President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Lieutenant General Robert Lee Bullard, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the
469:
The enemy reaction against our troops at
Cantigny was extremely violent, and apparently he was determined at all costs to counteract the most excellent effect the American success had produced. For three days his guns of all calibers were concentrated on our new position and counter-attack succeeded
597:
The Second Army was deactivated in April 1919 and
Bullard reverted to his permanent rank of major general in June 1920. He was assigned to corps command in the much smaller post war U.S. Army. He retired from active duty in 1925 to concentrate on writing. He served as last president of the
394:, and in the Philippines from 1902 to 1904. He was made lieutenant colonel in 1906. In 1907, he was special investigator for the U.S. provisional government in Cuba, and the following year was superintendent of public instruction there. In 1911, he was promoted to colonel. He attended the
465:. It was the site of a German advance observation point and strongly fortified. This was the first sustained American offensive of the war. It was considered a success in that it expanded the American front by about a mile. General Pershing said of the attack:
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described this view as part of a tradition of white U.S. military officers ascribing any failings on the part of
African-American soldiers to "innate racial inadequacies".
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and often served in joint U.S.–French operations. He also held a low opinion of Black
American troops, writing in his diary that they were "hopelessly inferior." Historian
1653:
470:
counter-attack. The desperate efforts of the
Germans gave the fighting at Cantigny a seeming tactical importance entirely out of proportion to the numbers involved."
489:
General John J. Pershing, Major
General Robert Lee Bullard and members of Bullard's staff about to leave Chateau Tartigny to attend a review and decoration parade.
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1598:
520:
Major
General Robert Lee Bullard, the newly appointed commander of the U.S. Second Army, pictured here with members of his staff at Second Army's headquarters at
206:
414:. Bullard was promoted to colonel and given command of the unit. It was nicknamed the "Bullard's Indians" due to the type of tactics the unit employed.
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331:, graduated twenty-seventh in a class of thirty-nine in 1885. Among his classmates included several officers who would become future
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Betrayal at Little
Gibraltar: A German Fortress, a Treacherous American General, and the Battle to End World War I
1114:
Betrayal at Little Gibraltar: A German Fortress, a Treacherous American General, and the Battle to End World War I
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442:, holding this post from December 1917 to July 1918. The division was then serving in France as part of the
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513:. Pershing retained his position as commander of the AEF with authority over both of the armies.
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A native of Alabama, Bullard attended the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, now
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528:, France, October 20, 1918. On Bullard's left is his chief of staff, Brigadier General
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348:
124:
93:
77:
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1247:
Source Records of the Great War, Vol. VI, ed. Charles F. Horne, National Alumni 1923
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1078:
The General: Robert L. Bullard and Officership in the United States Army, 1881–1925
557:
17:
292:
288:
240:
1105:
First Over There: The Battle of Cantigny, America's First Battle of World War I
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in October 1918 and appointed Bullard as its first commander with the rank of
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He died on September 11, 1947, at the age of 86. Bullard is buried at the
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649:
616:, with his wife Ella (Reiff) Bullard (5 November 1870 to 3 March 1963).
536:
Bullard's military actions have also been subject to criticism. In the
287:. He was involved in conflicts in the American Western Frontier, the
1509:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
1194:
Pershing's Lieutenants: American Military Leadership in World War I
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in the National Army (August 1917). He took over command of the
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589:
Bullard (far left) travels to Brazil with Secretary of State
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30:
For the sociologist and environmental justice advocate, see
1467:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 688
983:(Date of rank 16 October 1918. Discharged and reverted to
1639:
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
1160:
The United States in the First World War: an Encyclopedia
556:
was due to take effect in a few hours, was criticized by
1419:
The Progressive Era Origins of the National Security Act
567:
For his services during the war Bullard was awarded the
1644:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1634:
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
1458:
The Adjutant General's Office, War Department (1926).
847:(Honorably discharged from Volunteers on 6 May 1901.)
711:
Commander, Italian Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1269:
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279:(January 5, 1861 – September 11, 1947) was a senior
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41:
1330:Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light
1369:Walker, William (2017). "Mystery At Montfaucon".
505:. At the same time he turned over command of the
426:, in April 1917, Bullard was quickly promoted to
1431:
1356:
1312:
1300:
1288:
390:in 1892. He served in various capacities in the
573:
548:, get credit for taking the German fortress at
1445:"Robert L. Bullard • Cullum's Register • 3084"
1371:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
655:Bullard also wrote several magazine articles.
1421:(Winter 2000 ed.). Dickinson Law Review.
8:
1594:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel
644:, New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936.
457:(May 28, 1918) and captured the village of
1609:United States Army generals of World War I
1514:
629:Personalities and Reminiscences of the War
38:
1654:19th-century United States Army personnel
602:from 1925 until he disbanded it in 1947.
299:(nicknamed "The Big Red One") during the
726:
406:The 39th Volunteer Infantry was unit of
1377:(3). Vienna, Virginia: History.Net: 36.
1257:
624:He was author of the following books:
27:United States Army general (1861–1947)
1614:United States Military Academy alumni
1599:United States Army War College alumni
1404:"Valor awards for Robert Lee Bullard"
1273:
7:
560:in his post-war account of the war,
1196:. New York, NY: Osprey Publishing.
1162:. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis.
614:U.S. Military Academy Post Cemetery
307:. He later was an administrator in
631:, New York: Doubleday Page, 1925.
25:
1009:(Date of rank 27 November 1918.)
1131:Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998).
685:Army of Cuban Pacification Medal
665:Army Distinguished Service Medal
571:, the citation for which reads:
569:Army Distinguished Service Medal
251:Army Distinguished Service Medal
187:
162:
137:
117:
49:
1629:Military personnel from Alabama
1533:Commanding General 1st Division
1461:Official Army Register for 1926
1135:. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press.
424:American entry into World War I
1624:Burials at West Point Cemetery
1558:Commanding General Second Army
1158:Venzon, Anne Cipriano (2013).
1103:Davenport, Matthew J. (2015).
985:permanent rank 30 June 1920.)
755:United States Military Academy
325:United States Military Academy
1:
642:American Soldiers also Fought
607:American Soldiers Also Fought
497:General Pershing created the
444:American Expeditionary Forces
1552:Newly activated organization
1490:The Battle of Cantigny, 1918
1432:Zabecki & Mastriano 2020
1357:Zabecki & Mastriano 2020
1313:Zabecki & Mastriano 2020
1301:Zabecki & Mastriano 2020
1289:Zabecki & Mastriano 2020
690:Mexican Border Service Medal
446:(AEF), commanded by General
1619:People from Auburn, Alabama
1604:United States Army generals
1226:"Bullard, Robert Lee"
453:He led his division in the
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1241:
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461:. It had been held by the
29:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1539:
1530:
1522:
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1334:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
680:Philippine Campaign Medal
675:Spanish War Service Medal
295:, where he commanded the
48:
1649:Auburn University alumni
1388:Walker, William (2016).
1112:Walker, William (2016).
600:National Security League
493:, France, June 30, 1918.
408:United States Volunteers
262:National Security League
55:Bullard in October 1918.
1232:Encyclopædia Britannica
412:Philippine–American War
410:raised to fight in the
401:
233:Philippine–American War
1235:(12th ed.). 1922.
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554:Armistice with Germany
533:
509:to Lieutenant General
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474:Bullard was fluent in
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463:German Eighteenth Army
237:Mexican Border Service
203:26th Infantry Regiment
1190:Mastriano, Douglas V.
1107:. Thomas Dunne Books.
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670:Indian Campaign Medal
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467:
438:("Big Red One") from
436:1st Infantry Division
396:U.S. Army War College
303:while serving on the
297:1st Infantry Division
211:1st Infantry Division
151:Years of service
1543:Charles P. Summerall
591:Charles Evans Hughes
538:Battle of Montfaucon
392:Spanish–American War
329:West Point, New York
229:Spanish–American War
1505:Bullard, Robert Lee
1080:. Greenwood Press.
728:
705:Commander, Belgian
398:from 1911 to 1912.
386:He was promoted to
381:Willard A. Holbrook
106:West Point Cemetery
74:Lee County, Alabama
1503:Martin T. Olliff:
1495:Robert Lee Bullard
1359:, p. 215−216.
1303:, p. 210−211.
1046:Lieutenant General
1042:
1020:
996:
974:Lieutenant General
970:
946:
924:
902:
884:Lieutenant Colonel
880:
858:
832:
810:
788:
727:
699:Commander, French
595:
534:
530:Stuart Heintzelman
526:Meurthe-et-Moselle
503:lieutenant general
495:
455:Battle of Cantigny
361:John M. Carson Jr.
301:Battle of Cantigny
285:United States Army
277:Robert Lee Bullard
274:Lieutenant General
168:Lieutenant General
145:United States Army
87:September 11, 1947
1572:
1571:
1565:Succeeded by
1540:Succeeded by
1526:William L. Sibert
1518:Military offices
1406:. Military Times.
1326:Stovall, Tyler E.
1203:978-1-4728-3863-6
1186:Zabecki, David T.
1169:978-1-135-68453-2
1133:Generals in Khaki
1123:978-1-5011-1789-3
1074:Millett, Allan R.
1057:
1056:
1007:16 February 1919
928:Brigadier General
768:Second Lieutenant
542:George H. Cameron
440:William L. Sibert
428:brigadier general
402:Bullard's Indians
373:William F. Martin
321:Auburn University
271:
270:
260:President of the
43:Robert L. Bullard
32:Robert D. Bullard
18:Robert L. Bullard
16:(Redirected from
1661:
1567:Post deactivated
1550:Preceded by
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1031:15 January 1925
891:31 October 1906
792:First Lieutenant
729:
707:Order of Leopold
499:Second U.S. Army
480:Tyler E. Stovall
448:John J. Pershing
430:(June 1917) and
388:first lieutenant
377:Daniel B. Devore
357:John D. Barrette
337:Beaumont B. Buck
333:general officers
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981:1 November 1918
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725:
716:Croix de Guerre
701:Legion of Honor
661:
659:Military awards
622:
593:in August 1922.
583:
544:, commander of
507:U.S. First Army
420:
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369:Charles H. Muir
365:Robert A. Brown
345:Henry P. McCain
317:
315:Military career
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257:Other work
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193:Infantry Branch
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1484:External links
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1336:. p. 14.
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353:George W. Burr
341:Joseph E. Kuhn
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1061:Army Register
1053:21 June 1930
1052:
1049:
1047:
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1035:
1034:
1030:
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1025:
1024:Major General
1022:
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1003:
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1000:Major General
998:
993:
989:
988:
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977:
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955:National Army
953:
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950:Major General
948:
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935:16 June 1917
934:
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885:
882:
877:
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872:
869:1 April 1901
868:
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850:
845:6 August 1898
844:
842:
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821:22 June 1898
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799:2 April 1892
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777:14 June 1885
776:
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723:Dates of rank
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718:with 2 palms
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305:Western Front
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1499:Find a Grave
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1453:
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1418:
1417:Shulman, I.
1412:
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1116:. Scribner.
1113:
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1077:
1067:Bibliography
1060:
1058:
1050:Retired List
1028:Retired List
1004:Regular Army
932:Regular Army
910:Regular Army
888:Regular Army
866:Regular Army
818:Regular Army
796:Regular Army
773:Regular Army
764:None in 1885
759:1 July 1881
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225:Battles/wars
89:(1947-09-11)
36:
1589:1947 deaths
1584:1861 births
1392:. Scribner.
562:As I Saw It
418:World War I
293:World War I
289:Philippines
241:World War I
219:Second Army
207:2nd Brigade
1578:Categories
1562:1918–1919
1537:1917–1918
1274:Davis 1998
1252:References
1142:1571970886
1087:0837179572
841:Volunteers
550:Montfaucon
422:After the
335:, such as
327:(USMA) at
323:, and the
113:Allegiance
67:1861-01-05
1178:865332376
978:Emergency
738:Component
609:in 1936.
215:III Corps
154:1885–1925
1471:July 22,
1328:(1996).
1151:40298151
1076:(1975).
1059:Source:
732:Insignia
581:Post war
564:(1930).
491:Tartigny
459:Cantigny
199:Commands
131:Service/
1096:1530541
1063:, 1926
906:Colonel
836:Colonel
814:Captain
714:French
650:2854191
620:Writing
546:V Corps
283:of the
281:officer
1507:, in:
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476:French
291:, and
267:orator
265:author
247:Awards
142:
133:branch
122:
101:Buried
1465:(PDF)
1212:Notes
862:Major
750:Cadet
741:Date
1473:2021
1338:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1174:OCLC
1164:ISBN
1147:OCLC
1137:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1092:OCLC
1082:ISBN
746:None
735:Rank
646:OCLC
633:ISBN
522:Toul
379:and
309:Cuba
184:Unit
179:0-16
159:Rank
84:Died
61:Born
1497:at
1580::
1375:29
1373:.
1332:.
1281:^
1260:^
1242:^2
1229:.
1219:^1
1188:;
1172:.
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69:)
65:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
