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559:. He was opposed to it on moral grounds and efficacy. "I do not believe, that the introduction of the death penalty would serve in any way as a deterrent to the men who do the killing. These crimes are not premeditated and the criminal when he draws his gun, does not stop to think whether the punishment he faces is death or a long period of imprisonment. He doesn't in fact, consider the possibility of getting caught and punished for using his gun.
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lead. Circuit Judge L. Eugene Sharp requested a recount. The office of
Circuit Court Judge was a six-year term starting the 1st of January with a salary of $ 13,500.00. On March 19, 1929, Judge Eugene L Sharp conceded defeat when the recount in the primary election return ended with 43,839 for Toms and Sharp had 42,845 decreasing Toms lead only 679 votes.
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Jasnowski, Guy A Miller and
Proctor K. Owens. It was claimed that the men's names were on the ballots in violation of the law. The court of appeals stated in a unanimous decision held "if there was any error in printing the names on the ballots, the great mass of voters should not be disfranchised because they voted in good faith.
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who want on to be a
Governor of Michigan, and Supreme Court Justice that 75 Court Cases Files vanished making it impossible to prosecute charges. 64 of the 75 cases were for defendants that had been accused of violating the prohibition laws. Other cases missing were breaking and entering, malfeasance
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The judges of the
Nuremberg Military Tribunal II, Case IV: „Pohl Case“ or „WHVA Case“. Form left to right: Donald Phillips, Robert M. Toms (presiding judge), Michael A. Musmanno, John J. Speight (alternate judge). This photograph was taken by US Army photographers on behalf of the Office of Chief of
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While in office Toms car was stolen while his wife was tanking their daughter
Margaret to the doctors office, this was between Woodward and John R Street. The car was found a week later near Dexter Boulevard where the police found finishing tackle that left behind by the person who took the car. His
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His view on this was challenged when he was the presiding judge on the Nazi war crimes trials in
Nuernberg. When he heard the damaging testimony against some of the "arrogant SS officers on trial before him, he complied with the death sentences of the two judges serving with him without batting an
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As Judge-elect he had a period of time to wait before he was to take office, and after leaving the office of the prosecuting attorney, he once again entered private practice of law opening a law office doing general law practice. Tom's election to office was supposed to start his term on
January 1,
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In the 1929 Election for Wayne County Judges there were 29 candidates for 14 judicial spots in the primary. Robert M Toms was the candidate with the 14th highest vote count. He secured 43,947 votes the candidate with 15th most votes was Judge L. Eugene Sharp with 43,011 which was just a 936-vote
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In July 1912, he was appointed an assistant prosecutor and he served two years under Hugh
Shepherd and Allan Frazer. He was appointed to replace Leopold A. Kosolnski. He left the office from 1914 to 1920 and was in private practice with the firm Schmalzriedt, Spaulding & Toms. In 1920 he was
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was very active in the area. A large crowd started to gather and turned into a mob. After a while, the mob had dispersed, and the next night a new one formed. It is unclear how many people were there, but it is suspected that it was a few hundred people. The sweets had ten other friends in the
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appointed him to one of the new judicial positions in August 1929. Gov. Green stated "I have appointed Robert M. Toms, who has already been elected by the people to take office next
January. It would not be fair to him to have four judges who have been appointed several months after his election
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launched the investigation, Judge Murphy offered a statement "I told Mr. Culver that the only knowledge I have of the missing files was what I had read in the news paper." He went on to say "I told him to find out just how true the reports were and to lay the matter before me and I would start an
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One of the trial strategize of Toms that has been criticized was his uses of seventy-five witnesses to testify the absence of a crowd. Some have stated "Much of the prosecution's case consisted of the testimony of seventy-five witnesses who swore they saw no crowds near the Sweets' house on the
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Tom tried to run for the office of
Prosecuting attorney of Wayne County in 1915 it was unsuccessful. The primary election for the republican nomination was stuck in legal battles. Toms filed a motion in the circuit court to restrain/stop the election commission from counting votes of Charles H.
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The Election came down to Louis W. McClear(D) and Toms(R). During the election there was questions if Tom was affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan. Tom stated "Denying that he has ever had any affiliation with the Ku Klux Klan, and saying that he has never desired to capitalize religious or racial
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In 1921, then chief assistant prosecutor sent a draft bill to the Legislature that would make any common law marriage where either party is under the age of 16. This was because on June 18, 1920 the Michigan Supreme Court held that such common law marriage were legal even when the girl was only
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in office, bribery, soliciting personal injury claim, gimbaling laws, obstructing, uttering and publishing, embezzlement. After investigation by then clerk of court Charles W. Casgrain showed 42 missing files after finding part of them. Casgrain stated "he would find them all."
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He found a home located at 29058 Garland Avenue in one of the lower-middle-class white neighborhoods. The seller of the home was a white woman and a black husband. He thought this was would found him accepted to the neighbors. The sweet family moved in on September 8, 1925.
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While not required to give up his pay to the county while he was on leave of absence to server the Federal Government; he returned the $ 5,338.39 which represented the full amount of his pay less taxes for his work on the U.S. War Crimes Tribunal at Nurnberg Germany.
255:. It was accused that Judge Kolowich paid policemen $ 1 each to divert cases to his court. This was admitted to Prosecutor Paul W. Voorhies. Joseph Bahorski an investigator for the prosecutor's office found in seven cases claimed that paperwork had been lost.
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differences for his own political purposes." Tom spent $ 2,361.27 for the committee to elect him, $ 691.27 came from people in the Prosecutor office, $ 66.27 came from himself. The votes were 272,327 for Toms and only 45,426 for McClear.
1165:"Executive Order 9819—Appointment of the Members and Alternate Member of a Miltiary [sic] Tribunal Established for the Trial and Punsihment of Major War Criminals in Germany | The American Presidency Project"
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In April 1946 while serving as judge his car was stolen again from the Detroit Athletic Club, his car was found in Ann Arbor two days later after the car thief John C. Reeves crashed into a parked car.
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in 1910. He was awarded an honorary degree by Wayne State University in 1956. He married Gladys B. Wetmore November 11, 1914 and had two daughters, Elinor Toms (Jones) and Margaret Toms (Cope).
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When Judge Tom returned from his time in Germany he said the uniform defense of the German defendants was "I was ordered to do it; I was just a little man following the orders of my superiors.
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duplicate files of 23 of the missing files and was working on 11 other files. Yet nine files went missing again having a card in the file that bared the notation "missing."
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the 33rd President of the United States appointed Toms as member of the Military Tribunal established for the Trial and Punishments of Major War Criminals in Germany under
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house. The mob started to grow, and people started throwing rocks and breaking windows of the home. Gunfire broke out from several windows of the house. In the ground,
418:. Not wanting to live in the slums in red-lined housing areas he and a friend bought homes in white neighbors but had to leave them because of white hostility.
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Toms was an active actor for many years in local plays. While assistant prosecuting attorney for Wayne County he played the party of Father Time in the play
456:, who admitted to firing the gun. The second trial was for murders. Sweet was acquitted, and then Tom moved to dismiss the charges against all defendants.
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Judge Robert M. Toms at the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg during the Milch Trial, 2 January 1947-17 April 1947 (second of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials)
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He wrote the play "And Points West." It was performed at the Detroit Players Club. In 1919, his play "The Changeling" was performed by the Players.
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in 1924 and served two terms as Wayne County Prosecutor. He held the office till he was elected to the Circuit bench in the spring 1929 election.
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Robert was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was born to Frank P. Toms and Lark (Looney Toms). Toms' grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers in
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Clarence Darrow after the trial would describe Toms in the following way "as one of the fairest and most humane prosecutors that I ever met."
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care was stolen again when he and his wife were attending the theater this was after he locked his care and removed the distributor from it.
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night of 9 September. Apparently, the irony of having seventy-five witness testify to the absence of a crowd was lost on the prosecution."
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Didzun, Stewart (June 15, 1956). "Wayne, U-D mark Historic Dates, Detroit's Universities Give Degrees to 2,288 Graduates: 3 Are Honored".
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commanders. He presided over ten trials. Three commanders were acquitted, four were sentenced to death, and were given a 10-year term.
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An all-white jury deliberated for three days and could not reach a verdict; the judge declared a mistrial. In April 1926, Toms indicted
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1254:"Children Will Play Blue Bird: Youngsters of Fort Street Settlement Will Present Maeterlinck's Masterpiece Three Evenings This week".
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In 1924 Toms once again ran for the office of Wany County Prosecuting attorney. He ran in a primary against 6 other men.
1034:"75 Court Case Files Vanish: Prosecution of Felony Charges Impossible While Records Are Gone: 36 Lost once Before".
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1289:"Detroit Prosecutor Opposes Execution: Holds Difficulty in Suppressing Crime Wave Results From Court Congestion".
958:"Connoly Leads All Candidates: Judges of Recorder's Court Chosen at Election Friday". Detroit News. July 10, 1915.
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Judge Robert M. Toms of the Milch Trial, 2 January 1947-17 April 1947 (second of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials)
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Then Toms got indictments against the 11 occupants for conspiracy to commit murder. The defendants went to the
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177:. While on the bench in the Third Judicial Circuit, he is said to have tried about 40,000 cases. He taught
173:(October 14, 1886 - April 7, 1960) was an American jurist, actor, playwright, composer, and professor from
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1069:"Chenot Plans Record Inquiry: Prosecutor Starts Study of Disappearance of 75 files in Recorders' Court".
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1049:"Missing Files Search Begun: Judge and Assistant Prosecutor Order Hunt in Recorder's Court Building".
682:"Green Name 5 New Judges: Toms, Campbell, Moll, Ferguson and McMahon were appointed by the governor".
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Tendler, Louis (November 23, 1947). "Back from the War Trials: Judge Toms Finds Readjustment hard".
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Toms who was prosecuting attorney at the times the files went missing filed a motion with the Judge
212:, Corinthian Lodge, F. & A.M., Detroit Board of Commerce, Fellowcraft Club, Sigma Alpha Epsilon
978:"Recount Asked by Judge Sharp, Apparently Defeated by 936 votes by Toms for Last Place on Ticket".
850:"Tom Denies Klan Stamp: Never had Anything to do with order, he says; explains Saliotte shooting".
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880:"One Democrat Won in Wayne: Louis Le Bar took Race for County Surveyor Aginst Sticker Candidate".
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Toms was the first prosecutor to appoint non-white assistant prosecuting attorney. He appointed
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for three nights. He performed with 40 children of the neighborhood of Fort Street Settlements.
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In the general election Toms came in 8th place for the judgeship with a total of 101,249 votes.
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In January of 1921, as chief assistant prosecuting attorney Toms filed a petition to Governor
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Kirk, Robert (December 27, 1959). "Judge Toms to Quit, Plans New Career at 73". Detroit News.
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who was the first African American Appointed as prosecutor staff in Wayne County Michigan.
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579:"Voorhies Names Him His First Assistant: Robert M. Toms". Detroit News. December 1, 1920.
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appointed to become chief assistant prosecutor under Paul W. Voorhies. He was elected
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993:"Sharp Admits Defeat in Detroit Election: Recount for Wayne County Judge is Halted".
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was shot and killed. The police broke into the house and arrested all 11 occupants.
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Prior to taking office a story broke that out of the Record Court's under Judge
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in 1918 Michigan Bench & Bar Journal he was listed as members of the
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Closing Arguments of Clarence Darrow in the case of People v Henry Sweet
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Closing Argument of Robert M. Toms in the case of People v. Henry Sweet
406:. Dr. Sweet was a black Detroit physician who spent time studying in
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1930. However, the Michigan Legislature created for more judgeships in
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Remaking Respectability: African American Women in Interwar Detroit
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Robert M. Toms 1924 ad for Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney
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and sentenced him to life in prison. He also tried several
700:"Voorhies Names Him His First Assistant: Robert M. Toms".
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He wrote "I Kinda Like Ann Arbor" and other campus songs.
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Fuller, Walter (February 22, 1948). "I'm Telling YOU!".
1118:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 146.
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Bench & Bar of Michigan: Nineteen Hundred Eighteen
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Judge Robert M. Toms arrives at Courthouse in Germany
1008:"The Vote: Judges of Circuit Court all 14 Elected".
763:"Town Talk: Toms to Join Law Firm-Robert M. Toms".
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925:"Toms' Car, Stolen week Ago, is Found on Street".
326:In 1915, Toms ran as the Republican Candidate for
835:"Candidates' Statements In Race for Prosecutor".
730:"Robert M. Toms, Presiding Judge at War Trials".
480:Counsel for War Crimes (OCCWC) during the trial.
865:"$ 691 Donated to Toms by Prosecutor's Staff".
334:Connoly got 20,387 votes to Toms 12,347 votes.
732:Evening Star, Washington, District of Columbia
1332:Lesson Plan for The Trial of Dr. Ossian Sweet
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748:"U. Of M. Man Goes to Prosecutor's Office".
1204:"Wayne Judge Gives Up Overseas Court Pay".
1099:"Judge Toms' Car to Ann Arbor Before Him".
910:"Automobile Thieves Get Prosecutor's Car".
895:"Toms Names a Negro Assistant Prosecutor".
820:"Seeks Act Governing Common Law Marriage".
1140:"Sweet Trials: 1925-26 | Encyclopedia.com"
402:trials. The case was tried before judge
243:Petition to remove Judge George J Kolowich
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662:. Bench and Bar Publishing Company. 1918.
1219:"War Crimes Judge Returns County Pay".
785:"Toms to Carry Case to Supreme Court".
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805:"Dismiss Kolowich Prosecutor Ask".
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414:where he spent time working with
268:1924 Run for Prosecuting Attorney
234:1915 Run for Prosecuting attorney
203:University of Michigan Law School
1038:. August 16, 1929. pp. 1–2.
884:. November 16, 1924. p. 10.
869:. September 24, 1924. p. 2.
854:. September 7, 1924. p. 11.
686:. August 11, 1929. pp. 1–2.
555:For his life, he was opposed to
394:Was the prosecutor for the Dr.
228:Wayne County Prosecutor's Office
1293:. December 1, 1926. p. 17.
1273:. January 14, 1919. p. 17.
1238:. January 29, 1947. p. 10.
1223:. January 29, 1948. p. 12.
1208:. January 28, 1948. p. 24.
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704:. December 1, 1920. p. 30.
492:9819. He oversaw the trial of
221:Wayne County Prosecutors office
899:. February 4, 1925. p. 2.
824:. February 2, 1921. p. 2.
809:. January 27, 1921. p. 7.
201:in 1907 and an LL.B. from the
68:Nuremberg Military Tribunal II
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1114:Wolcott, Victoria W. (2001).
1073:. August 18, 1929. p. 1.
1053:. August 17, 1929. p. 1.
944:. August 4, 1925. p. 23.
789:. March 14, 1915. p. 31.
1103:. April 10, 1946. p. 8.
1088:. March 22, 1929. p. 2.
997:. March 19, 1929. p. 1.
982:. March 6, 1929. p. 16.
914:. July 21, 1925. p. 11.
839:. July 17, 1924. p. 16.
734:. April 7, 1960. p. 25.
599:. April 7, 1960. p. 53.
338:Third Judicial Circuit Court
49:Third Judicial Circuit Court
1012:. April 2, 1929. p. 1.
929:. July 28, 1925. p. 1.
551:Views on capital punishment
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1258:. May 31, 1914. p. 5.
752:. July 9, 1912. p. 6.
330:. He lost the election to
16:American judge (born 1886)
1362:Legal history of Michigan
1084:"Toms Opens Law Office".
425:After they moved in, the
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940:"TOMS" CAR GONE AGAIN".
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189:Early life and education
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359:John V. Brennan (judge)
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525:The Blue Bird (play)
390:Sweet Trials 1925-26
529:Maurice Maeterlinck
332:William F. Connolly
299:William J. Harcourt
98:Robert Morrell Toms
595:"Robert M. Toms".
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249:Alex J. Groesbeck
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719:. p. 36.
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1193:. p. 5.
1191:Detroit News
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1174:December 16,
1172:. Retrieved
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1149:December 17,
1147:. Retrieved
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494:Erhard Milch
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432:Leon Breiner
427:Ku Klux Klan
424:
420:
404:Frank Murphy
396:Ossian Sweet
393:
384:
377:. Governor
375:Wayne County
371:
363:
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351:Frank Murphy
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216:Legal career
207:
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127:(1960-04-07)
75:
56:
18:
1352:1960 deaths
1347:1886 births
1269:"Society".
543:Song writer
454:Henry Sweet
416:Marie Curie
400:Henry Sweet
1341:Categories
567:References
535:Playwright
484:President
145:Republican
104:1886-10-14
150:Education
115:Wisconsin
111:La Crosse
80:1947–1947
76:In office
61:1929–1959
57:In office
175:Michigan
136:Michigan
132:Detroit
1122:
563:eye."
410:&
408:Vienna
398:&
160:, J.D.
117:, U.S.
519:Actor
412:Paris
1176:2023
1151:2023
1120:ISBN
122:Died
94:Born
527:by
181:at
1343::
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185:.
134:,
113:,
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106:)
102:(
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