278:
95:
44:
245:
relevant time that the primary targets of the attack were present and therefore the concept of the proportionality of the attack and its results must be considered." McBride and others were granted amnesty for the attack, although the commission did find the bombing to be a "gross violation of human rights", as well for other offences including those arising from the escape of Gordon
Webster. In 2006, McBride received the Merit Medal in Silver and the Conspicuous Leadership Star from the
255:
90:
1643:
1061:
237:(TRC), which provided for amnesty in return for complete disclosure of acts of politically motivated violence after the ANC changed its early denials of involvement to a claim that they ordered the bombing. The South African government, at the time of the bombing, had portrayed the attack as being targeted at innocent civilians.
370:
the
Ekurhuleni Metro Police Department, as they claimed McBride had made death threats against them, which McBride denied. McBride was charged with drunken driving, fraud and defeating the ends of justice following the car accident. In his defence he produced a medical certificate stating that he was suffering from
244:
report stated, "It seems that not many, if any, of the victims in this incident were members of the South
African Police. Furthermore, the criticisms directed at the quality of reconnaissance of the "Why Not Bar" might very well be valid. It may be, as was argued, that he ought to have ensured at the
369:
Johnston and
Segathevan were arrested by the Ekurhuleni metro police, but Henk Strydom, Boksburg's senior public prosecutor, declined to prosecute due to "insufficient evidence and a case totally without merit", and Johnston and Segathevan obtained a court interdict to protect them from McBride and
353:
On 21 December 2006, after a
Christmas party McBride was involved in a single car collision near Centurion. According to witnesses, McBride was under the influence of alcohol. Ekurhuleni metro police quickly arrived even though the scene was more than 40 km out of their jurisdiction. According
232:
on 14 June 1986, an attack in which three white women were killed and 69 people injured. He was captured and convicted for the Durban bombing, and sentenced to death, but later reprieved while on death row. In 1992, he was released after his actions were classified as politically motivated. He was
361:
Three of the
Ekurhuleni metro police involved in removing McBride from the accident scene, Patrick Johnston, Stanley Segathevan and Ithumeleng Koko initially supported McBride, but subsequently gave "damning statements" to the South African Police. Thereafter, it was reported that on 4 July 2007
198:, where his parents were schoolteachers. He attended Fairvale High School in Wentworth and participated in extramural activities like rugby, karate, boxing, chess, hockey and soccer. After he was beaten by an older boy in the neighbourhood, his father taught him martial arts.
358:(SAPS). McBride was quickly removed from the scene by the Ekurhuleni metro police. It was unclear whether in accordance with standard police procedure blood samples were taken by the Ekurhuleni metro police, or by a medical facility, to determine his blood-alcohol level.
362:
McBride and a number of cars of
Ekurhuleni metro police detained and intimidated Patrick Johnston at a petrol station, on the pretext that he was driving a car with tinted windows which is against South African traffic law. Segathevan joined Johnston, and members of the
1759:
712:
377:
In 2011 the
Constitutional Court found in The Citizen 1978 Pty (Ltd) and others v Mcbride 2011 (4) SA 191 (CC) that McBride, due to his role in the night club bombing, may legally be called a murderer.
599:
The consequence in these cases, such as the Magoo's Bar and the Durban
Esplanade bombings, were gross violations of human rights in that they resulted in injuries to and the deaths of civilians.
1729:
1694:
336:
In 1999, McBride faced an assault charge after he, underworld figure Cyril Beeka, and another man with whom they were visiting an escort agency, allegedly assaulted an agency employee.
823:
1744:
1739:
1734:
720:
594:
241:
234:
507:
1171:
385:. The SAA would not reveal if his dismissal was related to a failed SSA operation earlier in 2021, where four South African spies were caught and left stranded in
1724:
1719:
905:
1138:
853:
150:
930:
318:
1764:
374:(low blood sugar). The doctor who gave him the certificate is facing charges of fraud and defeating the ends of justice with regard to the certificate.
1073:
1228:
301:
On 9 March 1998, McBride, then a high-ranking official in the South
African Department of Foreign Affairs, was arrested by the Mozambican police in
1613:
1018:
546:"The Citizen 1978 (Pty) Ltd v McBride (277/08) [2010] ZASCA 5; 2010 (4) SA 148 (SCA); [2010] 3 All SA 46 (SCA) (26 February 2010)"
146:. However, this conviction was "for all purposes...deemed not to have taken place" under the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act.
1529:
1278:
1263:
438:
417:
757:
1754:
1083:
382:
246:
164:
154:
123:
1303:
1672:
1183:
1088:
831:
201:
He developed political views at an early age due to influence of his father. He was particularly influenced by two books: A.J. Venter's
1646:
1213:
508:
https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-07-16-former-ipid-boss-robert-mcbride-to-head-state-security-agency-foreign-branch/
1288:
1258:
1128:
1123:
952:
1714:
1603:
1233:
566:
187:
1593:
1218:
1113:
644:
461:
The medal was awarded under the auspices of the SANDF, but was in fact a retrospective award by MK for his service in and to MK
1283:
1436:
1313:
1298:
1273:
277:
94:
343:
as an example of a former combatant who moved up into a leadership role following the political changes in South Africa.
1578:
1193:
355:
159:
626:
1749:
1451:
1293:
1238:
1148:
1143:
690:
281:
114:
33:
1481:
1153:
181:
143:
879:
523:
1769:
1401:
1248:
1243:
1223:
1198:
1178:
153:. In March 2015 he was suspended from this position by the Minister of Police. The decision was set aside by the
139:
1588:
1208:
354:
to witnesses the Ekurhuleni metro police assaulted witnesses and threatened to shoot anyone who telephoned the
1411:
671:
228:
McBride was best known for his leadership of the cell that bombed the "Why Not" Restaurant and Magoo's Bar in
857:
1665:
1618:
1386:
347:
191:
1704:
1318:
222:
1583:
1573:
1268:
1188:
1133:
506:
Naledi Shange, Former Ipid boss Robert McBride to head State Security Agency foreign branch, TimesLive,
389:, Mozambique. The spies were returned to South Africa after the intervention of state security minister
322:
258:
111:
29:
481:
309:
from Mozambique to South Africa, despite an attempt to run for the border. He was about to receive 50
1699:
1550:
1351:
1308:
1158:
1098:
326:
775:
1628:
119:
43:
743:
579:
254:
89:
1709:
1658:
1093:
1044:
761:
317:
pistols. He maintained he was investigating arms trafficking while working for the South African
1336:
1539:
1253:
434:
413:
340:
131:
1491:
1441:
1371:
306:
906:"AMABHUNGANE: SAPS Wars Part 3: Bheki Cele, Robert McBride and the mysterious Mr Marimuthu"
381:
In July 2021, McBride was suspended from his position as head of the foreign branch of the
1608:
1598:
1108:
366:
SAPS Task Force arrived at the scene. McBride is alleged to have abused the SAPS members.
982:
960:
1471:
1461:
1431:
1416:
1396:
1391:
1381:
1356:
314:
302:
142:, and was convicted of terrorism after he bombed Magoos Bar, a busy Durban night club,
801:
1688:
1623:
1496:
1446:
1118:
1103:
390:
371:
648:
1524:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1366:
545:
330:
289:
270:
214:
135:
78:
492:
611:
428:
407:
1426:
1421:
1406:
1341:
210:
1760:
People who testified at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
1534:
1501:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1203:
1555:
1519:
1456:
1060:
1052:
1000:
127:
953:"EDITORIAL COMMENT: McBride should be suspended until his name is cleared"
363:
206:
186:
McBride was born in Addington Hospital to Derrick McBride and grew up in
1545:
433:. South African History Online in association with Vista University.
386:
229:
195:
74:
401:
Two authors have written biographies on the life of Robert McBride:
149:
In February 2014 McBride was appointed as executive director of the
645:"A N C D A I L Y N E W S B R I E F I N G: MONDAY 8 JUNE 1998"
346:
In 2003, McBride was appointed Chief of the Metropolitan Police of
310:
321:(NIA). After a period in detention, all charges were dropped.
163:. He has been appointed as head of the Foreign Branch of the
249:
for his service and combat leadership in Umkhonto We Sizwe.
587:
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
329:
has alleged, however, that the weapons were meant for ANC
217:, Basil February, and his uncle, Rev. Clive McBride; and
16:
South African Umkhonto we Sizwe member and police chief
219:
Soledad Brothers: The Prison Letters of George Jackson
1019:"Robert McBride suspended from State Security Agency"
482:
McBride appointed as head of Ipid, 28 February 2014
84:
58:
53:
23:
612:"South Africa: Robert McBride is Formally Charged"
595:Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
242:Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
1730:South African police officers convicted of murder
524:"South African History Timelines: Robert McBride"
760:. BreakingNews.ie. 28 April 2004. Archived from
1695:Recipients of the uMkhonto we Sizwe Merit Medal
221:, written by a founding member of the American
203:Coloured: A Profile of 2 Million South Africans
824:"Police probe McBride reckless-driving claims"
689:Independent Newspapers Online (10 July 1999).
569:, politicsweb.co.za; accessed 1 December 2015.
118:(born 6 July 1963) is the former chief of the
1666:
758:"McGuinness pays tribute to ANC's role in NI"
719:. South Africa. 22 March 2011. Archived from
8:
1745:Prisoners sentenced to death by South Africa
580:"The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990"
339:McBride was held up by IRA/Sinn FĂ©in leader
151:Independent Police Investigative Directorate
567:What Robert McBride did, and who was harmed
1740:People convicted of murder by South Africa
1735:South African prisoners sentenced to death
1673:
1659:
1039:
880:"MPs vote for Robert McBride as IPID head"
518:
516:
42:
20:
856:. News24. 17 January 2007. Archived from
496:, (CCT255/15) ZACC 30 (6 September 2016)
209:political activists such as James April,
983:"McBride was drunk, second witness says"
627:"Official's Arrest Puzzles South Africa"
510:, 16 July 2020. Visited on 16 July 2020.
494:McBride v Minister of Police and Another
1614:Music in the movement against apartheid
1051:
1012:
1010:
742:Anderson, Brendan (14 September 2006).
691:"McBride off the hook in escort fracas"
474:
454:
614:. 22 April 1998 – via AllAfrica.
1725:South African people of Irish descent
1720:People convicted on terrorism charges
144:in an attack that killed three people
7:
670:Neilan, Terence (11 February 1999).
247:South African National Defence Force
155:Constitutional Court of South Africa
124:Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
1089:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
802:"From death row to SA police chief"
235:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
830:. 23 December 2006. Archived from
693:. South Africa: Independent Online
647:. 10 February 2005. Archived from
14:
1765:Police misconduct in South Africa
1001:"McBride's doctor case postponed"
854:"McBride 'received medical care'"
776:"Robert McBride, chief of police"
744:"From prisoner to peace officer?"
713:"Beeka in murky underworld deals"
205:, which describes the efforts of
1642:
1641:
1604:Internal resistance to apartheid
1059:
625:Daley, Suzanne (16 March 1998).
276:
253:
93:
88:
1114:Church Street, Pretoria bombing
430:Robert McBride: a coloured life
1017:Mabuza, Ernest (8 July 2021).
959:. 13 July 2007. Archived from
526:. South African History Online
1:
233:later granted amnesty at the
1579:Apartheid in popular culture
904:amaBhungane (8 April 2019).
356:South African Police Service
333:to use against IFP leaders.
319:National Intelligence Agency
160:McBride v Minister of Police
1755:UMkhonto we Sizwe personnel
1149:Saint James Church massacre
1144:Assassination of Chris Hani
282:Conspicuous Leadership Star
1786:
1154:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
1003:. News24. 7 February 2008.
192:racially segregated suburb
182:Durban beach-front bombing
179:
1402:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
140:African National Congress
101:
41:
1589:Cape Qualified Franchise
427:Mokae, Gomolemo (2004).
1715:South African activists
1619:Nostalgia for apartheid
931:"Who the f*** are you?"
406:Rostron, Bryan (1991).
348:Ekurhuleni Municipality
130:era he was a member of
1594:Disinvestment campaign
1319:State Security Council
804:. BBC. 4 December 2003
350:(formerly East Rand).
223:Black Guerrilla Family
194:about 11 km from
1584:Apartheid legislation
1574:Afrikaner nationalism
1134:Cape Town peace march
1124:Trojan Horse Incident
1084:1948 general election
383:State Security Agency
323:Inkatha Freedom Party
180:Further information:
165:State Security Agency
157:in September 2016 in
1482:Eugène Terre'Blanche
1352:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
1159:Shell House massacre
1129:Khotso House bombing
1099:Sharpeville massacre
963:on 28 September 2007
327:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
1629:Sullivan Principles
933:. IOL. 16 July 2007
828:Mail & Guardian
780:Mail & Guardian
651:on 10 February 2005
120:metropolitan police
1750:People from Durban
1214:Conservative Party
1094:1956 Treason Trial
860:on 20 January 2007
834:on 8 December 2015
764:on 19 August 2005.
723:on 26 October 2012
676:The New York Times
631:The New York Times
409:Till Babylon Falls
167:from 1 July 2020.
1683:
1682:
1540:South-West Africa
782:. 30 October 2003
440:978-0-620-32181-5
419:978-0-340-54061-9
341:Martin McGuinness
132:Umkhonto we Sizwe
105:
104:
1777:
1770:Bombers (people)
1675:
1668:
1661:
1645:
1644:
1442:Albertina Sisulu
1437:Benjamin Moloise
1372:Arthur Goldreich
1063:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1005:
1004:
997:
991:
990:
989:. 18 March 2008.
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
772:
766:
765:
754:
748:
747:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
686:
680:
679:
672:"World Briefing"
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
641:
635:
634:
622:
616:
615:
608:
602:
601:
584:
576:
570:
564:
558:
557:
555:
553:
542:
536:
535:
533:
531:
520:
511:
504:
498:
490:
484:
479:
462:
459:
444:
423:
307:arms trafficking
280:
257:
176:During apartheid
117:
97:
92:
72:
68:
66:
54:Personal details
46:
36:
21:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1634:
1633:
1609:Kairos Document
1599:Freedom Charter
1569:
1561:
1560:
1544:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1337:Vernon Berrangé
1332:
1324:
1323:
1284:Security Branch
1174:
1164:
1163:
1109:Soweto uprising
1079:
1078:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1008:
999:
998:
994:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
903:
902:
898:
888:
886:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
852:
851:
847:
837:
835:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
800:
799:
795:
785:
783:
774:
773:
769:
756:
755:
751:
741:
740:
736:
726:
724:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
688:
687:
683:
669:
668:
664:
654:
652:
643:
642:
638:
624:
623:
619:
610:
609:
605:
582:
578:
577:
573:
565:
561:
551:
549:
544:
543:
539:
529:
527:
522:
521:
514:
505:
501:
491:
487:
480:
476:
471:
466:
465:
460:
456:
451:
441:
426:
420:
405:
399:
313:rifles and 100
299:
297:After apartheid
184:
178:
173:
110:
73:
70:
64:
62:
49:
48:McBride in 2019
37:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:Related topics
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:H. F. Verwoerd
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Adelaide Tambo
1469:
1464:
1462:Robert Sobukwe
1459:
1454:
1452:J. G. Strijdom
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Raymond Mhlaba
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Nelson Mandela
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:Albert Luthuli
1394:
1392:Ahmed Kathrada
1389:
1384:
1382:Bantu Holomisa
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:F. W. de Klerk
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:National Party
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1006:
992:
974:
944:
922:
910:Daily Maverick
896:
871:
845:
815:
793:
767:
749:
734:
704:
681:
662:
636:
617:
603:
571:
559:
537:
512:
499:
485:
473:
472:
470:
467:
464:
463:
453:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
439:
424:
418:
398:
395:
305:on charges of
303:Ressano Garcia
298:
295:
294:
293:
274:
177:
174:
172:
169:
108:Robert McBride
103:
102:
99:
98:
86:
82:
81:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
27:
25:Robert McBride
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1782:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Living people
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Project Coast
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Robben Island
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:B. J. Vorster
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Walter Sisulu
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:Organisations
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Vaal uprising
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Rivonia Trial
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
996:
993:
988:
984:
978:
975:
962:
958:
954:
948:
945:
932:
926:
923:
911:
907:
900:
897:
885:
881:
875:
872:
859:
855:
849:
846:
833:
829:
825:
819:
816:
803:
797:
794:
781:
777:
771:
768:
763:
759:
753:
750:
745:
738:
735:
722:
718:
714:
708:
705:
692:
685:
682:
677:
673:
666:
663:
650:
646:
640:
637:
632:
628:
621:
618:
613:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
581:
575:
572:
568:
563:
560:
547:
541:
538:
525:
519:
517:
513:
509:
503:
500:
497:
495:
489:
486:
483:
478:
475:
468:
458:
455:
448:
442:
436:
432:
431:
425:
421:
415:
411:
410:
404:
403:
402:
396:
394:
392:
391:Ayanda Dlodlo
388:
384:
379:
375:
373:
372:hypoglycaemia
367:
365:
359:
357:
351:
349:
344:
342:
337:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:
250:
248:
243:
238:
236:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
183:
175:
170:
168:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:. During the
125:
121:
116:
113:
109:
100:
96:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
71:(age 61)
61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
35:
31:
22:
19:
1525:District Six
1487:Desmond Tutu
1477:Oliver Tambo
1467:Helen Suzman
1367:Bram Fischer
1026:. Retrieved
1022:
995:
986:
977:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
956:
947:
935:. Retrieved
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:
899:
887:. Retrieved
883:
874:
862:. Retrieved
858:the original
848:
836:. Retrieved
832:the original
827:
818:
806:. Retrieved
796:
784:. Retrieved
779:
770:
762:the original
752:
737:
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
716:
707:
695:. Retrieved
684:
675:
665:
653:. Retrieved
649:the original
639:
630:
620:
606:
598:
590:
586:
574:
562:
550:. Retrieved
548:. Saflii.org
540:
528:. Retrieved
502:
493:
488:
477:
457:
429:
408:
400:
380:
376:
368:
360:
352:
345:
338:
335:
331:death squads
300:
290:South Africa
285:
271:South Africa
266:
262:
239:
227:
218:
215:Jakes Gerwel
202:
200:
185:
158:
148:
138:wing of the
136:paramilitary
107:
106:
79:South Africa
18:
1700:1963 births
1427:Thabo Mbeki
1422:Govan Mbeki
1412:D. F. Malan
1407:Mac Maharaj
1342:P. W. Botha
1269:Broederbond
1023:The Sowetan
717:The Citizen
412:. Coronet.
397:Biographies
325:(IFP) head
259:Merit Medal
211:Don Mattera
69:6 July 1963
1689:Categories
1535:Sophiatown
1502:Jacob Zuma
1387:Joel Joffe
1377:Chris Hani
1362:Ruth First
1347:Steve Biko
1204:Black Sash
864:17 January
469:References
65:1963-07-06
1710:Coloureds
1556:Vlakplaas
1520:Bantustan
1457:Joe Slovo
1053:Apartheid
987:The Times
957:The Times
838:4 January
808:4 January
727:6 October
697:6 October
655:6 October
552:6 October
188:Wentworth
171:Biography
128:apartheid
1647:Category
1551:Sun City
1045:a series
1043:Part of
530:20 March
364:Boksburg
207:coloured
1028:22 July
967:20 July
786:10 July
597:: 333.
315:Makarov
1546:Soweto
1514:Places
1331:People
1279:COSATU
1229:FOSATU
1139:CODESA
1074:Events
937:7 July
915:30 May
889:30 May
884:News24
746:. BBC.
437:
416:
387:Maputo
263:Silver
230:Durban
196:Durban
134:, the
85:Awards
75:Durban
583:(PDF)
449:Notes
311:AK-47
1314:SACP
1304:SAMA
1299:SAIC
1294:SADF
1289:SACC
1184:APLA
1030:2021
969:2007
939:2007
917:2020
891:2020
866:2007
840:2007
810:2007
788:2011
729:2012
699:2012
657:2012
554:2012
532:2008
435:ISBN
414:ISBN
288:) (
269:) (
265:) (
240:The
190:, a
122:for
59:Born
1309:SAP
1264:UDF
1259:PAC
1249:HNP
1244:PFP
1224:ECC
1209:CCB
1199:BBB
1194:AWB
1189:IFP
1179:ANC
286:CLS
267:MMS
115:CLS
112:MMS
34:CLS
30:MMS
1691::
1254:MK
1239:RP
1234:PP
1219:DP
1047:on
1021:.
1009:^
985:.
955:.
908:.
882:.
826:.
778:.
715:.
674:.
629:.
593:.
589:.
585:.
515:^
393:.
225:.
213:,
77:,
67:)
32:,
1674:e
1667:t
1660:v
1032:.
971:.
941:.
919:.
893:.
868:.
842:.
812:.
790:.
731:.
701:.
678:.
659:.
633:.
591:2
556:.
534:.
443:.
422:.
292:)
284:(
273:)
261:(
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
