171:"the decision and demarcation of boundaries, the defining and recording the separate possession, rights, privileges, and liabilities of the members of those communities who hold their land in severalty; the framing a record of the several interests of those who hold their land in common; the providing a system of self-government for the communities; the rules framed with their own consent according to the principles of the constitution of the different tenures; the preparation of the record of the fields and of the rights of cultivators possessing rights; and the reform of the village accounts and completion of a plan of record by their own established accountants, and according to their own method, by reference to which the above points of possession and right might, under the various changes to which property is subject, continue to be ascertained."
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was a close relation, Lucy being the daughter of his aunt Judith. He was joined in India in 1823 by his sister Mary Bird (1789–1834), who worked as a missionary. The second sister, Lucy, married in 1828 the Rev. Marmaduke
Thompson, who had been in India from 1806 to 1819 as a chaplain nominated by
166:
Bird's work on land revenue was recorded in a report which he laid before government early in 1842. The settlement was the most complete that had yet been made in
British India. It covered an area of 72,000 square miles (190,000 km), and a population of 23 million. In the report he explained
862:
138:, he took sole charge of the settlement operations, which he brought to completion by the end of 1841. The conclusions were stated in a major report. Bird retired from the service in 1842, and was succeeded on the board of revenue by
717:
349:, as his second wife. His daughter, Lucy Elizabeth (d.1835) was married to Sir Frederick Currie. In his will Bird made provision for five sons and three daughters. His fourth son, James Grant Bird, had died in 1849.
125:
in India, and the impact on it of the legal framework. On his appointment as a revenue commissioner, he made a reputation, and when it was decided in 1833 to revise the settlement of the land revenue of the
1085:
197:
Christian, supported the Church
Missionary Society's work while still in India. By family background he was linked to the Wilberforces: his mother Lucy Wilberforce Bird was the sister of
667:
A Genealogical and
Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours
1117:
301:
307:
In 1824 in Cape Town, Jane Bird, a first cousin as daughter of
William Wilberforce Bird, comptroller of customs there, who died in Taplow in 1845;
61:; and passed out ninth in its first leaving class, the class of 1808. He arrived in India on 9 November 1808. There was more time in college, at
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596:
528:
413:
236:
Penner identifies the "Bird-Thomason school" of officials that followed the approach laid down by Bird. It included, but was not limited to,
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87:
639:
158:
on 22 August 1853, he gave evidence before the committee of the House of
Commons on the renewal of the East India Company's charter.
269:
245:
181:, and for those of the collectors of districts, was also framed. The revenue settlement for the North-West Provinces was praised by
1090:
1016:
983:
876:
830:
570:
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371:
237:
281:
849:
The County
Families of the United Kingdom Or, Royal Manual of the Titled and Untitled Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland
331:
110:, leaving him with children to bring up, and his sister Mary came out from England to support him. He married again in 1824.
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198:
288:. Of those, Colvin, Cust, Lawrence, Mansel, Montgomery, Muir, Reade, Temple and Thornton are identified as evangelicals.
58:
1122:
939:
253:
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118:
In 1829 Bird was transferred to the appointment of commissioner of revenue and circuit for the
Gorakhpur division.
310:
In 1848, Henrietta Maria Jane
Grenfell of Taplow. She was the fifth daughter of Pascoe Grenfell, and the wives of
151:
496:
335:
265:
261:
134:, the governor-general, chose Bird. Retaining his seat as a member of board of revenue recently constituted at
323:
217:
127:
65:, after which he took the judicial route, one of the two main specialisations for the civil servants of the
911:
107:
642:
Bird, William
Wilberforce (1758–1836), of Little Park Street, Coventry and The Spring, Kenilworth, Warws.
564:
430:
346:
285:
277:
167:
that the work had not been confined to an accurate assessment of what could be taxed. It also included:
131:
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342:, married Robert William MacKenna and was mother of Robert Merttins Bird MacKenna, both physicians.
249:
241:
206:
62:
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50:. The marriage was of cousins, with the same surname, and there were four sons and six daughters.
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757:
The Patronage Bureaucracy in North India: the Robert M. Bird and James Thomason School, 1820–1870
546:
The Patronage Bureaucracy in North India: the Robert M. Bird and James Thomason School, 1820–1870
465:
The Patronage Bureaucracy in North India: the Robert M. Bird and James Thomason School, 1820–1870
257:
70:
66:
54:
847:
150:
Bird spent the remainder of his life in England, where he was a member of the committee of the
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863:
s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Bird, Charles Robinson
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16:
British East India Company servant, father of land-revenue settlement in North India
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893:
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327:
194:
992:
885:
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334:, and of Harriet Amelia Scott Bird (1864–1934) who trained at the Edinburgh
177:
135:
99:
82:
27:
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74:
155:
91:
39:
1075: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
69:. He began service as an assistant to the registrar of the
175:
A corresponding system of accounts for the offices of the
220:
wrote a preface to an edition in 1855 of writings on the
86:(provincial) experience for Bird was a tour in 1813 with
57:, after preparation by a tutor, and with the support of
961:"Munks Roll Details for Robert Merttins Bird MacKenna"
121:
As a judicial officer, Bird had acquired insight into
94:
area of North India. He was a magistrate and judge at
789:
The Quarterly Oriental Magazine, Review and Register
690:. Ardent Media. 1971. p. 42. GGKEY:BDL52T227UN.
326:. Another son, Charles Robinson Bird, was rector of
154:. A few months before his death, which occurred at
920:. London: Church Missionary Society. pp. 2/3
214:, returning as a widower to the United Kingdom.
805:The Bengal Civil Service Gradation List, 1845–46
300:In 1810, Jane Grant Brown, daughter of the Rev.
431:"The life of Isabella Bird : (Mrs Bishop)"
46:; his younger brother Edward was the father of
22:(1788–1853) was a British civil servant in the
615:The East India Company and Religion, 1698-1858
574:. Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1094:. Vol. 5. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
874:Wright, Denis. "Bird, Mary Rebecca Stewart".
835:. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
506:. Vol. 5. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
8:
1020:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
987:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
880:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
375:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
304:, who died in Gorakhpur on 6 September 1821;
1014:Prior, Katherine. "Currie, Sir Frederick".
981:Carter, Grayson. "Evans, James Harington".
905:
903:
591:. University of Toronto Press. p. 98.
369:Howlett, David J. "Bird, Robert Merttins".
345:In 1833, Bird's sister, Elizabeth, married
458:
456:
454:
98:from 1816 to 1826, then becoming judge at
38:He was the son of Robert and Lucy Bird of
1118:British East India Company civil servants
408:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
322:The eldest son of the first marriage was
759:. Chanakya Publications. pp. 350–5.
1017:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
984:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
940:"Papers of Harriet Bird - Archives Hub"
877:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
467:. Chanakya Publications. pp. 10–1.
372:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
358:
517:The Indiaman Magazine (25 June 2008).
364:
362:
106:. His first wife died in 1821, in the
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
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90:, a first cousin. It took him to the
7:
548:. Chanakya Publications. p. 12.
102:, remaining in what is now northern
26:. He is known for the far-reaching "
1052:. W. Pickering. 1849. p. 553.
14:
402:Anna M. Stoddart (16 June 2011).
1091:Dictionary of National Biography
1070:
831:Dictionary of National Biography
571:Dictionary of National Biography
503:Dictionary of National Biography
718:"Thompson, Marmaduke (THM796M)"
644:, History of Parliament Online"
687:Dictionary of Indian Biography
618:. Boydell Press. p. 207.
228:, by three of Bird's sisters.
1:
910:Rice, Clara Colliver (1916).
852:. R. Hardwicke. p. 1070.
825:"Froude, James Anthony"
808:. Thacker. 1845. p. 108.
706:. E. Cave. 1828. p. 558.
497:"Bird, Robert Merttins"
201:the Member of Parliament for
1034:UK public library membership
1001:UK public library membership
894:UK public library membership
737:Journal of Sacred Literature
389:UK public library membership
722:A Cambridge Alumni Database
520:The Bengal Obituary Booklet
439:. Murray: London. p. 2
254:George Frederick Edmonstone
238:George Campbell (1824–1892)
1144:
724:. University of Cambridge.
429:Stoddart, Anna M. (1906).
670:. Henry Colburn. p.
585:John Stuart Mill (1990).
405:The Life of Isabella Bird
336:Medical College for Women
152:Church Missionary Society
1049:The Gentleman's Magazine
773:The Gentleman's Magazine
740:. C. Cox. 1855. p.
703:The Gentleman's magazine
612:Penelope Carson (2012).
523:. Lulu.com. p. 64.
266:Charles Grenville Mansel
262:John Laird Mair Lawrence
199:William Wilberforce Bird
88:William Wilberforce Bird
846:Edward Walford (1869).
776:. E. Cave. p. 479.
565:"Thomason, James"
324:Robert Wilberforce Bird
128:North-Western Provinces
993:10.1093/ref:odnb/47090
886:10.1093/ref:odnb/38840
218:William Bell Mackenzie
189:Evangelical background
173:
108:first cholera pandemic
1086:Bird, Robert Merttins
1026:10.1093/ref:odnb/6953
912:"Mary Bird in Persia"
792:. 1825. pp. lix.
770:John Nichols (1822).
755:Peter Penner (1986).
544:Peter Penner (1986).
463:Peter Penner (1986).
381:10.1093/ref:odnb/2450
347:James Harington Evans
286:Edward Parry Thornton
278:Edward Anderdon Reade
169:
132:Lord William Bentinck
1128:English evangelicals
20:Robert Merttins Bird
664:John Burke (1838).
250:Robert Needham Cust
242:John Russell Colvin
207:William Wilberforce
1123:People from Taplow
258:Henry Miers Elliot
71:Sadr Diwani Adalat
67:East India Company
55:East India College
1032:(Subscription or
999:(Subscription or
892:(Subscription or
625:978-1-84383-732-9
598:978-0-8020-2717-7
588:Writings on India
530:978-1-4092-0641-5
415:978-1-108-02896-7
387:(Subscription or
318:were her sisters.
270:Robert Montgomery
53:Bird entered the
24:Bengal Presidency
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312:Charles Kingsley
246:Frederick Currie
183:John Stuart Mill
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1084:, ed. (1886). "
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1061:External links
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282:Richard Temple
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226:Bible Teaching
212:Charles Simeon
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30:" tax reform.
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48:Isabella Bird
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964:. Retrieved
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441:. Retrieved
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338:, worked at
321:
316:James Froude
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274:William Muir
235:
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120:
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81:
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63:Fort William
59:George Smith
52:
37:
19:
18:
1113:1853 deaths
1108:1788 births
1066:Attribution
820:Lee, Sidney
560:Lee, Sidney
328:Castle Eden
302:David Brown
195:evangelical
1102:Categories
1036:required.)
1003:required.)
896:required.)
391:required.)
222:Pentateuch
178:tehsildars
146:Later life
80:The first
34:Early life
332:Mary Bird
193:Bird, an
136:Allahabad
100:Gorakhpur
28:Mahalwari
966:24 March
945:24 March
924:23 March
649:23 March
443:23 March
203:Coventry
96:Ghazipur
83:mofussil
75:Calcutta
1079::
156:Torquay
92:Benares
1030:
997:
890:
622:
595:
527:
412:
385:
292:Family
284:, and
232:Legacy
162:Report
40:Taplow
353:Notes
968:2017
947:2017
926:2017
651:2017
620:ISBN
593:ISBN
525:ISBN
445:2017
410:ISBN
314:and
1088:".
1022:doi
989:doi
882:doi
742:475
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377:doi
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379::
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