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prison varied between 6,027 and 8,597. 2,347 prisoners died in these twenty-six days and the weekly mortality-rate among detainees was as high as 407 per thousand.' This report was leaked and published in various national and international newspapers to the embarrassment of the government. Tigerstedt also served as chairman of the committee for assistance to
Finnish children (1919–1921), and served on other national committees related to the Finnish army and air force. In his retirement Tigerstedt continued to write; his encyclopaedic Physiology of the Circulation was published shortly before his death from a
181:. He graduated from the University of Helsinki with a Master of Arts degree in 1873 and added a Bachelor of Science degree in 1876. Subsequently, Tigerstedt studied medicine from 1876 to 1880. In 1878 he married his Ukrainian cousin, Ljuba Ludmila Martinau (1850–1935) and their first child, Maria (Ljubow Marie Nathalie Eveline (1879–1975)), was born while Tigerstedt was still a medical student. Two further children, Carl Christian Oskar Robert (1882–1930) and Margareta Wilhelmina Maria (1891–1980) followed. After completing his medical studies, in 1881 Tigerstedt submitted his doctorate entitled '
208:'s laboratory. While there, in 1884, he showed that independent atrial and ventricular rhythms could be generated in mammalian hearts after damaging the atrium. Alongside his work on the heart and circulation, he also performed important studies in metabolism and nutrition, and with Klas Gustaf Anders Sondén designed the Sonden-Tigerstedt respiration chamber. Tigerstedt also began writing his classic 'Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschens (Textbook of Human Physiology)' during this period. His friend
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http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/nomination/nomination.php?key1=candname&log1=LIKE&string1=tigerstedt&action=advsearch&log10=OR&key2=candname&log2=LIKE&string2=&log11=OR&key3=candname&log3=LIKE&string3=&startyear=&endyear=&order1=year&order2=nomname&order3=cand1name&submit2.x=0&submit2.y=
242:. From 1916–1919 he was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Helsinki. In 1918 Finland achieved independence from Russia and Tigerstedt retired from the University in 1919, although he continued to lecture. Tigerstedt's work on nutrition may have been used to inform rationing during the war shortages, and after the
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Academy of
Sciences in 1919. Tigerstedt was also awarded honorary Doctorates from the University of Helsinki (1907), Christiania (1911), Dublin University (1912). Groningen (1914) and the Tartu University School of Medicine (1922). In 1989 the International Union of Physiological Sciences celebrated
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In 1901 Tigerstedt left
Stockholm to take up the chair in Physiology at Helsinki University following the retirement of Hällstén. At this time Finland was not an independent state and Tigerstedt may have had nationalistic motives in returning; certainly the return of such a prestigious scientist was
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called it 'the greatest textbook of physiology ever written' and it exerted a considerable worldwide influence. Tigerstedt was fluent in several languages, edited four scientific journals concurrently, authored numerous articles in popular magazines, wrote an extensive range of biographical works on
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Award in 1894 and 1899, and he was invited to be an honorary member of the
Swedish Medical Society in 1900. In Finland, Tigerstedt was made an honorary member of the English medical society in 1919. In 1916 he was elected President of the International Congress of Physiology in Paris. The congress
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he was appointed chief physician for the Ekenäs prison camp. He and his son Carl wrote critical reports on conditions in the prison camps; in one in August 1918 Tigerstedt noted that 'between 6 July and 31 July 1918, the number of detainees that were held in the camp at
Tammerfors and the adjacent
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Tigerstedt remained at the
Karolinska for the next 20 years, initially as LĂłven's assistant and then as professor of physiology when LĂłven retired in 1886. Tigerstedt undertook most of his major scientific work, including the discovery of renin during his two decades at the Karolinska Institute in
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Since 1974 the
International Society of Hypertension has made 'The Robert Tigerstedt Lifetime Achievement Award' every two years to 'a person, persons or institution responsible for distinguished work relating to the aetiology, epidemiology, pathology or treatment of high blood pressure'. The
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for the prize. Since
Tigerstedt spoke Russian, he and J. E. Johannson, Professor of Experimental Physiology at the Karolinska, were sent to St Petersburg to visit Pavlov and his laboratory. This consolidated what was to become a long friendship between Tigerstedt and Pavlov. Tigerstedt again
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American
Society of Hypertension confers a 'Robert Tigerstedt Distinguished Scientist Award' onto leading blood pressure researchers. The Finnish Hypertension Society also confers a 'Robert Tigerstedt Award' onto eminent researchers in the field of the renin–angiotensin system.
328:" ("The physiology of the blood circulation") but was unsuccessful on each occasion. Tigerstedt was nominated for the Swedish Academy of Sciences Award in 1882 and 1889, and he was made a member of the Academy in 1890. Tigerstedt also received the
187:' (On the mechanical stimulation of the nervous system) in Helsinki; however due to opposition from Konrad Hällstén, the professor of Physiology at Helsinki, he was unable to get a job in Helsinki and in 1881 he moved to
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was cancelled due to World War I and after the war
Tigerstedt resigned the presidency in protest at the exclusion of Germany from the reconvened congress in 1920. Tigerstedt was awarded the Cothenius Medal by the
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and injected them into rabbits. They observed that even a very small amount of the extract increased blood pressure (probably measured by Ludwig's kymograph). They showed that the substance, which they called
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Tigerstedt was nominated twice for the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine; once in 1919 for 'his work on physiology, construction of the respirator and studies on nutrition' and once again in 1923 for
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and after Nobel's death Tigerstedt and Karl Mörner were asked by the Karolinska institute to enact the terms of Nobel's will. In 1901 Tigerstedt was selected as one of the committee for inaugural
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its centennial in Helsinki. Tigerstedt, one of the founders of the organization was commemorated by release of a Finnish postage stamp showing the silhouettes of Tigerstedt and
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on 28 February 1853. His parents were Karl Konstatin Tigerstedt and Evelina Theresia Tigerstedt (née Degerman). Karl Konstatin was a professor of history at the
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nominated Pavlov for the Nobel prize in 1904 – this time Pavlov's nomination was successful and he received the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine.
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effect of renin did not require an intact nervous system and that it was not accompanied by a change in heart rate. They concluded that renin caused
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famous scientists, and made important contributions to modernizing the teaching of medical sciences in Stockholm and later in Helsinki. He was a
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Stockholm. His early research was mainly into nerve and muscle physiology, but in 1881 he started work on the physiology of the circulation in
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in 1869, and then studied physical and natural sciences at the University of Helsinki, where he was taught by the notable chemist
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work examining the effect of organ extracts on physiological function. In 1898 Tigerstedt and Bergman made extracts of rabbit
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Kunikullaya UK, Ananthakrishnan V, Goturu J (November 2011). "Robert Tigerstedt and the discovery of renin - A revisit".
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hailed in Finland. In Helsinki Tigerstedt continued his work as a physiologist, educator, author and remained active in
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From bark bread to pizza - Food and exceptional circumstances: reactions of Finnish society to crises of food supply
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and is an important therapeutic target. Tigerstedt is also recognised as an educator, author and social campaigner.
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342:(Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1967) with an image of a heart and Tigerstedt's blood flow meter.
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288:, but the mechanism was unknown. This question would remain unresolved until the work of Harry Goldblatt,
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to become a demonstrator in the newly founded department of physiology headed by Christian LĂłven in the
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The Nobel Prize in Medicine and the Karolinska Institute: The Story of Axel Key and Alfred Nobel
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Forsius Arno (1999). "Robert Tigerstedt (1853–1923) - the world-famous Finnish physiologist".
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308:. Tigerstedt had heard of Pavlov's work while visiting Ludwig's laboratory. and he nominated
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1156:"Childhood Memories of Early Nobel Ceremonies and Laureates". Nobelprize.org. 11 Mar 2012
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The International Society of Hypertension Robert Tigerstedt Lifetime Achievement Award.
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Phillips MI, Schmidt-Ott KM (December 1999). "The Discovery of Renin 100 Years Ago".
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Phillips MI, Schmidt-Ott KM (December 1999). "The Discovery of Renin 100 Years Ago".
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International Society of Hypertension Robert Tigerstedt Lifetime Achievement Award
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654:"Some Significant Advances in Cardiac Physiology During the Nineteenth Century"
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716:"Obituary Notice: Professor R. A. A. Tigerstedt. (28 Feb. 1853-2 Dec. 1923.)"
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229:(the Swedish Temperance Society) and served as its vice president from 1893.
1285:"Nomination Database - Physiology or Medicine". Nobelprize.org. 11 Mar 2012
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From grand duchy to modern state: a political history of Finland since 1809
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Aspects of the Governing of the Finns (Studies in Modern European History)
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or the arterial blood supplying the kidney. They further showed that the
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495:"Robert Tigerstedt--scientist, educator, social activist, humanitarian"
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1069:"A memorial to Robert Tiegerstedt: the centennial of renin discovery"
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412:. Vereinigung Wissensachaftlicher Verleger Walter de Gruyter, 1921.
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1110:"The renin–angiotensin system and the heart: a historical review"
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Smith GP (September 2000). "Pavlov and integrative physiology".
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Petusta pitsaan: Ruokahuollon järjestelyt kriisiaikojen Suomessa
885:(Doctoral dissertation) (in Finnish). University of Helsinki.
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Immonen EJ (December 1952). "The alcohol problem in Finland".
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or venous blood from the kidney but not in urine, extract of
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http://www.ish-world.com/default.aspx?RobertTigerstedtAward
449:"Tigerstedt and the discovery of renin. An historical note"
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Tigerstedt R., Bergman P.G. (1898). "Niere und Kreislauf".
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Robert Tigerstedt at his library table, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tigerstedt, R., Fagerlund, L.W., & Estlander, C.G.,
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Nevakivi, Jukka; Jussila, Osmo; Hentilä, Seppo (1999).
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Tigerstedt's work on renin was probably inspired by
694:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007.
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221:in Finland and abroad, although he was opposed to
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633:http://www.annelikotisaari.net/beataa9.htm#Taulu
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1335:Robert Tigerstedt Distinguished Scientist Award
16:Finnish-born medical scientist and physiologist
173:Tigerstedt matriculated from Ă…bo Gymnasium in
120:who, with his student Per Bergman, discovered
1400:Renin–angiotensin (Wenner-Gren International)
1300:"History of the Cothenius Medal 1864 to 1953"
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1220:Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol
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765:"Hypertension research. A memoir 1920-1960"
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389:Physiologische Ăśbungen und Demonstrationen
377:. Leipzig, Germany: Verlag Von Veit, 1893.
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1398:Martin Aurell; H. R. Ulfendahl (1999).
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1038:10.1152/physiologyonline.1999.14.6.271
382:Medicinens studium vid Ă…bo universitet
375:Lehrbuch der Physiologie der Kreislauf
1479:Physiologists from the Russian Empire
1108:Cleland SJ, Reid JL (November 1996).
396:Handbuch der physiologischen Methodik
132:in 1898. Renin is a component of the
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1173:. Singapore: World Scientific Pub.
658:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
601:"Obituary: Prof. Robert Tigerstedt"
1346:Robert Tigerstedt palkinnon saajat
940:Year one of the Russian revolution
871:Rautavirta, Kaija (11 June 2010).
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1494:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal
217:and was a leading figure in the
1232:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.R743
853:from the original on 2022-05-03
846:Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
410:Die Physiologie des Kreislaufes
325:Die Physiologie des Kreislaufes
110:Robert Adolph Armand Tigerstedt
23:Robert Adolph Armand Tigerstedt
1459:Members of the Diet of Finland
1265:. S. Karger AG (Switzerland).
184:ĂĽber Mechanische Nervenreizung
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1489:Finnish expatriates in Sweden
447:Marks LS, Maxwell MH (1979).
384:. Helsingfors, Finland, 1890.
225:. Tigerstedt was a member of
1484:Finnish temperance activists
692:Animal and Human Calorimetry
556:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.013
493:Silverman BD (August 2002).
272:, was present in extract of
227:Svenska Nykterhetssällskapet
116:-born medical scientist and
1067:Inagami T (December 1998).
300:Tigerstedt was a friend of
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1126:10.1136/hrt.76.3_suppl_3.7
971:. London: Hurst & Co.
1261:Ljunggren, Bengt (2002).
917:. Peter Lang Publishing.
818:10.15288/qjsa.1952.13.685
652:WIGGERS, CARL J. (1960).
599:Buckmaster G. A. (1924).
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1449:Scientists from Helsinki
1169:Lagerkvist, Ulf (2003).
405:. Helsinki, Otava, 1920.
134:renin–angiotensin system
1086:10.1161/01.hyp.32.6.953
782:10.1161/01.hyp.16.2.199
763:Page IH (August 1990).
631:Sukuselvityksen Kohde.
582:Finnish Medical Journal
403:Tieteellistä kritiikkiä
330:Swedish Medical Society
157:Tigerstedt was born in
1454:Swedish-speaking Finns
1197:. Yoakum Press. 2007.
997:Wastie ML (2010). "".
913:Maude, George (2010).
511:10.1002/clc.4950250810
466:10.1161/01.hyp.1.4.384
163:University of Helsinki
92:University of Helsinki
1464:Finnish physiologists
942:. London: Bookmarks.
296:Nobel Prize Committee
1195:Pavlov - A Biography
841:"TIGERSTEDT, Robert"
193:Karolinska Institute
126:Karolinska Institute
1120:(3 Suppl 3): 7–12.
219:temperance movement
179:Carl Axel Arrhenius
1304:www.leopoldina.org
839:Tarkiainen, Kari.
726:(3–4): 463. 1924.
638:2014-01-10 at the
398:. S. Hirzel, 1914.
391:. S. Hirzel, 1913.
363:Skand Arch Physiol
317:Awards and honours
255:Discovery of renin
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1363:News Physiol. Sci
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1204:978-1-4067-4397-5
1180:978-981-238-234-4
1026:News Physiol. Sci
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148:Biography
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