191:
367:. So William was blind by the time he assisted his nephews in reestablishing the abbey of Saint-Evroul. After his ordeal he had become a monk at the abbey of Bec and was probably involved in the exchange of lands for his nephews to acquire the lands used for the abbey. See: "The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni", Vol. II, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M.C. Van Houts (The Clarendon Press, Oxford & New York, 1995), pp. 110-12
153:. As a child he applied himself to learning and came to be known for his retentive memory and seemed to be destined for the church. But Robert also had a love of arms and fighting and was for five years an esquire to Duke William, who at the end of that period knighted him and rewarded him generously for his service. In 1040 when Robert I died, his three sons, including Robert, all shared in their father's inheritance.
646:
658:
634:
183:
caught up in this and having his lands suddenly taken was Hugh de
Grandmesnil (Robert's brother). At the same time Robert de Grandmesnil, as abbot of Saint-Evroul, was summoned before the duke to answer charges. Upon learning these were false and discovering the duke had intentions of harming him, Robert consulted
217:
and abide by their judgment. Osbern agreed but at the appointed time and place he did not appear. Robert then sent Osbern letters on the Pope's authority excommunicating him. The monks of Saint-Evroul on being notified of Osbern being judged an intruder and being excommunicated, left to join their
208:
accompanied by two cardinal's clerks to reestablish Robert as abbot and punish Osbern as an intruder. Hearing that a papal commission that included Robert was approaching, Duke
William became enraged and stated he would accept the papal envoys "but if any monk brought charges against him, he would
182:
About 1059 there were several quarrels between Duke
William's barons, in particular members of the Giroie family and Mabel de Belleme. In one instance she and her husband Roger convinced Duke William to confiscate the lands of Arnold d'Échauffour (Robert's uncle), and turn them over to her. Also
160:
had decided to found a monastery and asked their uncle, William fitz Giroie, to advise them. William pointed out that the site the two chose was unsuitable and also advised them to restore the ancient abbey of Saint-Evroul instead. The brothers agreed and compensated the monks of
230:, who had just succeeded Pope Nicholas II, and who, after hearing of their troubles in Normandy, gave Robert and his monks the temporary use of the church of Saint-Paul the Apostle in Rome. To find a more permanent situation Robert sought help from his cousin,
187:. The bishop advised Robert to guard against William's wrath and for his own safety he should remove himself from Normandy. Duke William then had Osbern, a monk of the Holy Trinity, Rouen, installed as abbot of Saint-Evroul in Robert's place.
204:. Explaining his position in Normandy had become untenable, that he had been falsely accused, and that no ecclesiastical court had been convened, he asked the pope for his help. Nicholas agreed and sent Robert back to Normandy armed with
165:
who owned the old ruins and then generously funded, along with contributions from their mother's fitz Giroie family, the restoration of the abbey. In his confirmation charter to this refounding of Saint-Evroul,
213:
near Paris and was received by his cousin Hugh, the Abbot there. Robert then sent a summons to Abbot Osbern at Saint-Evroul that both of them should appear before the
Cardinals at
698:
170:
subscribed it with the sign of the cross and had added to the charter a warning against anyone doing any harm to the abbey or any of its members under pain of
364:
270:
72:
309:
209:
hang him with contempt on the highest tree in the neighboring forest." Bishop Hugh warned Robert not to come into
Normandy and Robert stopped at
312:
along with two of Robert's sisters, their brother Hugh providing for them. Hugh, who left
Normandy with Robert, returned in time to accompany
688:
226:
Robert removed himself again to Italy in 1061. He brought with him a total of eleven monks from Saint-Evroul, and all were well received by
703:
376:
William of
Montreuil was the son of William fitz Giroie, Robert's uncle, who had advised and helped with the refounding of Saint-Evroul.
184:
114:
296:
Robert was a member of the de
Grandmesnil family and also identified closely with his mother's Giroie family of Échauffour and
321:
693:
134:
624:
105:) also known as Robert II, was a Norman nobleman; a member of a prominent Norman family. He first became a monk, then
683:
142:
297:
190:
130:
332:, himself a monk at Saint-Evroul, made no mention of Robert ever being married or of having any children.
150:
313:
205:
167:
138:
110:
678:
231:
210:
559:
360:
305:
254:, who treated the abbot with great respect and invited him and his monks to settle in Calabria. In
157:
650:
317:
239:
227:
146:
118:
574:, ed & trans. Elisabeth van Houts (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), p. 247
638:
356:
352:
201:
234:, then in the service of Pope Alexander II, who gave Robert and his monks half the town of
329:
247:
243:
171:
457:, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1989), Tafel 697
672:
662:
325:
262:
235:
590:, trans. Howard Curtis (London : Constable & Robinson, 2008), p. 152, n. 21
413:
Domesday People, A Prosopography of
Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166
246:
who, as it turned out, made Robert many empty promises. In disgust Robert turned to
174:. That same year Robert entered the abbey as a monk and became abbot there in 1059.
616:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. II (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854), p. 362 & n. 1
278:
645:
588:
A Brief
History of the Normans; The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe
543:, trans. Howard Curtis (London : Constable & Robinson, 2008), p. 152
541:
A Brief History of the Normans; The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe
288:
and was interred in his church of Saint-Mary, Mother of God, which he built.
455:
Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten
162:
431:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), pp. 400-401
218:
lawful abbot Robert. Those too young or too old to travel remained behind.
266:
251:
214:
530:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 435
514:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 434
477:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 431
444:, trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 400
351:
This is the same William fitz Giroie who was mutilated and blinded by
301:
274:
273:. In 1080 the duke then granted him the church of Saint-Michael of
189:
106:
281:
selected Robert as Bishop of Troina. Robert died on November 21,
415:, Vol I (Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 262
363:
were driven from their lands and eventually taken in by
308:. Robert's mother eventually retired to become a nun at
562:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), p. 246
622:
355:, apparently out of jealousy. It was for this crime
80:
62:
52:
38:
25:
18:
614:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
601:The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily
528:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
512:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
475:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
442:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
429:The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
486:Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of BellĂŞme',
200:Robert then went to Italy to gain audience with
8:
582:
580:
488:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
423:
421:
699:11th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
269:and in 1062 Guiscard also granted him the
15:
551:
549:
522:
520:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
469:
467:
465:
463:
629:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
389:
344:
490:, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 87
156:In 1050, Robert and his elder brother
133:and Hawisa d'Échauffour, daughter of
7:
58:church of Saint-Mary, Mother of God
195:Ruins of the Abbey of Saint-Evroul
14:
56:church of Saint-Michael of Mileto
656:
644:
632:
70:abbey of Sant'Eufemia (Lametia)
324:and held sixty-seven manors at
300:, members of which family were
1:
282:
255:
129:Robert was the second son of
29:
689:11th-century French nobility
603:(Leiden: Brill, 1993), p. 30
261:Robert founded the abbey of
704:11th-century French writers
238:. He also sought help from
720:
135:Giroie, Lord of Échauffour
304:as well as rivals of the
222:Sicily and southern Italy
143:arrondissement of Lisieux
92:
48:
178:Troubles at Saint-Evroul
320:, and subsequently was
131:Robert I de Grantmesnil
42:Robert I de Grantmesnil
279:Roger I Duke of Apulia
197:
185:Bishop Hugh of Lisieux
151:Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives
137:. His family was from
113:in Normandy and later
572:The Normans in Europe
556:The Normans in Europe
314:William the Conqueror
193:
111:Abbey of Saint-Evroul
99:Robert de Grantmesnil
68:abbey of Saint-Evroul
20:Robert de Grandmesnil
694:11th-century Normans
453:Detlev Schwennicke,
411:K.S.B. Keats-Rohan,
322:sheriff of Leicester
263:Sant'Eufemia Lamezia
232:William of Montreuil
64:Congregations served
612:Ordericus Vitalis,
560:Elisabeth van Houts
526:Ordericus Vitalis,
510:Ordericus Vitalis,
473:Ordericus Vitalis,
440:Ordericus Vitalis,
427:Ordericus Vitalis,
365:Roger de Montgomery
298:Montreuil-l'Argillé
158:Hugh de Grandmesnil
76:Bishopric of Troina
44:Hawisa d'Échauffour
599:Hiroshi Takayama,
558:, ed & trans.
318:Battle of Hastings
240:Richard I of Capua
198:
684:Bishops of Lucera
586:François Neveux,
539:François Neveux,
359:and his daughter
306:de BellĂŞme family
228:Pope Alexander II
211:Saint-Denis Abbey
206:apostolic letters
119:Kingdom of Sicily
96:
95:
711:
661:
660:
659:
649:
648:
637:
636:
635:
628:
617:
610:
604:
597:
591:
584:
575:
569:
563:
553:
544:
537:
531:
524:
515:
508:
491:
484:
478:
471:
458:
451:
445:
438:
432:
425:
416:
409:
377:
374:
368:
361:Mabel de BellĂŞme
357:William I Talvas
353:William I Talvas
349:
287:
284:
277:. The same year
260:
257:
202:Pope Nicholas II
115:Bishop of Troina
34:
31:
16:
719:
718:
714:
713:
712:
710:
709:
708:
669:
668:
667:
657:
655:
643:
633:
631:
623:
621:
620:
611:
607:
598:
594:
585:
578:
570:
566:
554:
547:
538:
534:
525:
518:
509:
494:
485:
481:
472:
461:
452:
448:
439:
435:
426:
419:
410:
391:
386:
381:
380:
375:
371:
350:
346:
341:
335:
330:Orderic Vitalis
294:
285:
271:abbey of Venosa
258:
248:Robert Guiscard
244:Prince of Capua
224:
196:
180:
172:excommunication
127:
87:
83:
75:
73:abbey of Venosa
71:
69:
65:
57:
43:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
717:
715:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
671:
670:
666:
665:
653:
641:
619:
618:
605:
592:
576:
564:
545:
532:
516:
492:
479:
459:
446:
433:
417:
388:
387:
385:
382:
379:
378:
369:
343:
342:
340:
337:
293:
290:
223:
220:
194:
179:
176:
126:
123:
117:in the Norman
103:de Grandmesnil
94:
93:
90:
89:
84:
81:
78:
77:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
716:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
664:
654:
652:
647:
642:
640:
630:
626:
615:
609:
606:
602:
596:
593:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
536:
533:
529:
523:
521:
517:
513:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
483:
480:
476:
470:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
443:
437:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
390:
383:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
345:
338:
336:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Montivilliers
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259: 1061-2
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
219:
216:
212:
207:
203:
192:
188:
186:
177:
175:
173:
169:
164:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
91:
85:
79:
74:
67:
61:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
28:
24:
17:
613:
608:
600:
595:
587:
571:
567:
555:
540:
535:
527:
511:
487:
482:
474:
454:
449:
441:
436:
428:
412:
372:
347:
334:
295:
225:
199:
181:
168:Duke William
155:
128:
102:
98:
97:
82:Offices held
679:1083 deaths
651:Catholicism
286: 1082
33: 1082
673:Categories
384:References
250:, Duke of
639:Biography
145:, in the
39:Parent(s)
326:Domesday
267:Calabria
252:Calabria
215:Chartres
139:Calvados
625:Portals
316:at the
302:vassals
109:at the
663:France
292:Family
275:Mileto
236:Aquino
147:canton
125:Career
88:Bishop
53:Church
339:Notes
107:abbot
86:Abbot
26:Died
265:in
163:Bec
149:of
675::
579:^
548:^
519:^
495:^
462:^
420:^
392:^
328:.
283:c.
256:c.
242:,
141:,
121:.
30:c.
627::
101:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
