503:, one of Benedicto's companies, to import $ 3 million worth of TV transmission equipment and facilities, without paying taxes or tariffs. The LOI also allowed tax-free importation of $ 15 million worth of 12-inch black-and-white television sets for the next five years, and allowed Banahaw to commission a local company to assemble the television sets, justifying that these sets would be distributed to "critical areas" at lower prices. The LOI then instructed government agencies to market the TV sets. The ministries of Public Information, National Defense, Education and Culture were instructed to use the sets for their public information and educational projects.
488:, was the first to put out an edition after martial law was announced, three days later on September 25. This monopoly secured Benedicto's political ties with Marcos and generated income as the owner of the sole running television and radio stations. Benedicto assigned Enrique Romualdez, a relative of the first lady, as chief editor of the paper to ensure that it held the views of the regime.
64:
791:"Although he was not a relative, Benedicto became part of the small Marcos circle in Malacanang and was one of the few with complete access to the president's private quarters" and "From La Carlota, Negros Occidental, Benedicto developed an early friendship with Marcos at the University of the Philippines".
506:
In 1982, Marcos issued LOI 640-A, to extend the scope and duration of the earlier order. The new instruction directed government ministries to distribute
Benedicto's television sets in the countryside areas "on matters pertaining to peace and order". Due to the tax breaks, Benedicto was able to
270:
At the prime of his career, Benedicto's business empire consisted of 85 corporations, 106 sugar farms, 14 haciendas, other agricultural lands, 17 radio stations, 16 television stations, 2 telecommunications networks, 7 buildings, 10 vessels and 5 aircraft. He also owned 14 hectares of real estate in
388:
in
February 1986, the American authorities confiscated papers that they brought with them. The confiscated documents revealed that since the 1970s, Marcos and his associates received commissions of 10 to 15 percent of Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund loans from about fifty Japanese contractors.
439:
allowed
Benedicto to take control of the Philippine Exchange Company (Philex), which monopolized local hacienderos' (sugar barons) international trade. Benedicto used Philex to buy cheap sugar from local producers and sell it abroad for large profits. Aided by Marcos's presidential decrees under
351:
In his role as PNB Chairman, Benedicto permitted huge loans for business of other cronies and associates. He used PNB to grant loans for his shipping company, Northern Lines, and his sugar business. His role as PNB Chair enabled him to gain control of additional banks, and overcome business
499:(IBC) which had five television stations, and nine radio stations. His growing media empire received government favors from the Marcos administration, with the president granting several Letters of Instruction (LOIs) for Benedicto's benefit. In 1977, Marcos issued LOI 640 to allow
507:
sell 12-inch black-and-white television sets cheaper than the competitors who had to pay taxes. The
Consumer Electronic Products Manufacturers Association (CEPMA) complained that the television sets meant for rural areas were being sold in Manila, greatly affecting their market.
326:
It was with
Benedicto's help that Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos opened their first Swiss Bank accounts in 1968, funneling money which the Swiss Federal Court would later determine to be "of criminal origin". This was the infamous "Saunders Account" with
444:, which accounted for 27% of the Philippines' dollar earnings at the time. In turn, a big segment of the profits from this sugar monopoly was deposited in a "special fund" which was "subject to the disposition of the president for public purposes."
481:
In 1972, news and media outlets were forced to cease operations, and their facilities were taken over by the military. However, Benedicto was allowed to continue his broadcasts, to serve as the voice of the Marcos dictatorship. His newspaper,
431:
The most-notable expansion in
Benedicto's business holdings during the Marcos dictatorship was in his establishment of a monopoly in the Philippines' sugar industry beginning in 1974, which earned him the moniker of "Sugar King".
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1272:
380:
His ambassadorship also gave him insider knowledge regarding the business interests of the
Japanese, which allowed him to arrange lucrative joint-venture operations between Japanese corporations and his own.
523: million worth of Swiss bank deposits, shares in 32 corporations including "100% of the California Overseas Bank shares", cash dividends in his firms, and 51 percent of his agricultural land holdings.
271:
Bacolod City, 13.5 billion shares in
Oriental Petroleum, and membership shares in golf and country clubs estimated at almost half a million US dollars. Overseas, he owned a sugar mill in
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status. This agreement gave Japan an advantage in using the country's natural resources, which was the primary reason the
Philippine Senate did not ratify the treaty for 13 years.
339:
Benedicto's business interests grew significantly when
Ferdinand Marcos became president. Marcos appointed him as the Philippines' Ambassador to Japan and put him in charge of the
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Martial law also gave Benedicto a media and telecommunications monopoly in the Philippines. His media empire that consisted of three television stations, 15 radio stations, a
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Working with President Marcos, they ratified the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the Philippines, which gave Japan
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When Marcos became president, Benedicto became part of his inner circle, one of the few with full access even to the private quarters inside
474:. Before martial law, he had transformed a small radio station DZBI that he owned in 1960 into the Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS) (now
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318:. Marcos would eventually give power-of-attorney to Benedicto, allowing him to deal with corporations on the Marcoses' behalf.
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on April 17, 1917, was a contemporary of Ferdinand Marcos, becoming his classmate and fraternity brother while studying at the
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1089:
331:, which Ferdinand Marcos signed under the false name of "William Saunders" and which Imelda Marcos signed as "Jane Ryan".
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238:(April 17, 1917 – May 15, 2000) was a Filipino lawyer, ambassador, diplomat, and banker historically most remembered as a
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Benedicto's appointment as Japanese ambassador allowed him to develop high-level contacts in Japan. He secured more than
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862:"Objectives and Institutions for Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA): Evolution and Challenges"
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411:). The lessons from the Marcos scandal were among the reasons why Japan created its 1992 ODA Charter.
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279:. Marcos's executive secretary estimated that in 1983, Benedicto's net worth was $ 800 million.
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KBS was the only full-color TV channel in the country at the time and it was later taken over by
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M in World War II reparations, which he allegedly used to promote his private interests.
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Civil Society in Japan: The Growing Role of NGO's in Tokyo's Aid and Development Policy
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National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Emerging State Project
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These revelations became very controversial and became known in Japan as the
267:(IBC). Benedicto was the Philippines' ambassador to Japan from 1972 to 1978.
602:
272:
1040:"ROBERTO S. BENEDICTO and TRADERS ROYAL BANK, vs. MANUEL LACSON and others"
275:, a trading company in Madrid, bank deposits, mansions, and limousines in
1862:
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Mathews, Jay (April 23, 1978). "Marcos Seizes Airline That Billed Wife".
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Some are smarter than others: the history of Marcos' crony capitalism
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711:"Marcos Graft Staggering:Investigators Trace Billions in Holdings"
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1227:
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903:"September 1972: Recalling the last days and hours of democracy"
454:
Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986) § Broadcast media
1429:
1053:
627:. Tokyo, Japan: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
421:
Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986) § Sugar industry
1379:
1364:
654:"It Takes a Village to Loot a Nation: Cronyism and Corruption"
531:
Benedicto died on May 15, 2000, in Bacolod City, Philippines.
801:
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777:
Thirty Years Later ... Catching Up with the Marcos Era Crimes
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Role and business interests during the Marcos administration
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Role in the creation of the Credit Suisse "Saunders Account"
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Benedicto entered into a compromise agreement with the
1015:"Search for Marcos' wealth: Compromising with cronies"
881:"PHILIPPINE PLANTERS AND WORKERS FIGHT SUGAR CONTROLS"
806:
Brown, James D.J.; Kingston, Jeff (January 2, 2018).
495:. Benedicto expanded his media business by acquiring
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Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
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Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
440:martial law, Benedicto later seized control of the
249:. Benedicto owned Philippine Exchange Company, the
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343:(PNB), the Philippines' largest state-owned bank.
1915:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation people
43: and the surname or paternal family name is
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511:Compromise deal with the Philippine government
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866:JICA Research Institute Working Papers No.66.
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352:competitors by dictating the terms of loans.
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989:"Executive Order No. 640-A, s. 1981 | GOVPH"
922:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
293:University of the Philippines College of Law
1013:Lustre, Philip M. Jr. (February 25, 2016).
680:"Local Bank Known for Ties to the Marcoses"
1846:George Boone Mercado (formerly; 1986–1987)
1707:
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517:Presidential Commission on Good Government
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497:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
460:Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship
265:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
964:"Letter of Instruction No. 640, s. 1977"
937:Pinlac, Melanie Y. (September 1, 2007).
347:Chairman of the Philippine National Bank
303:Benedicto was Marcos's classmate at the
1935:Ambassadors of the Philippines to Japan
552:
1456:ABS-CBN (1946–1972; 1986–present) and
915:
76:Ambassador of the Philippines to Japan
678:SHIVER, JUBE Jr. (October 22, 1988).
384:When the Marcoses were exiled to the
7:
1945:Filipino television company founders
1925:20th-century Filipino businesspeople
1859:Lloyd Oliver Corpuz (2011–present)
1476:(as Bolinao Electronics Corporation)
860:Tsunekawa, Keiichi (February 2014).
468:and a national newspaper called the
1940:Burials at the Loyola Memorial Park
1400:Nine Media News and Current Affairs
587:. New York: Aletheia Publications.
405:
1095:Presidential Communications Office
901:Generalao, Kate Pedroso, Minerva.
25:
809:Japan's Foreign Relations in Asia
709:Crewdson, John (March 23, 1986).
299:Association with Ferdinand Marcos
1920:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
1910:Radio Philippines Network people
1832:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
1618:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
1554:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
1502:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
501:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
261:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
224:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
1405:Solar Entertainment Corporation
1081:Radio Philippines Network, Inc.
1873:Jeremy Domingo (2012–present)
1322:Presidential Broadcast Service
833:Hirata, K. (August 16, 2002).
356:Philippine Ambassador to Japan
1:
1930:People from Negros Occidental
1660:Luis F. Alejandro (2004–2006)
1573:Luis F. Alejandro (2004–2006)
1485:(as Alto Broadcasting System)
1090:Government of the Philippines
755:tribunedigital-chicagotribune
621:"What is "Crony Capitalism"?"
289:La Carlota, Negros Occidental
1693:Malou Santos (2016–present)
519:in 1990, surrendering about
1343:RPN News and Public Affairs
1317:People's Television Network
1273:former original programming
541:Marcos Japanese ODA scandal
442:Philippine Sugar Commission
437:proclamation of martial law
362:Marcos Japanese ODA scandal
1961:
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451:
424:
418:
359:
26:
1260:Radio Philippines Network
1087:
751:"Marcos Graft Staggering"
485:Philippines Daily Express
476:Radio Philippines Network
398:
257:Radio Philippines Network
252:Philippines Daily Express
229:
219:Philippines Daily Express
124:
81:
70:
61:
1460:Organization (1973–1986)
583:Manpat, Ricardo (1991).
466:cable television company
341:Philippine National Bank
283:Early life and education
1849:Zahn Yu (2001–present)
1648:Chief Operating Officer
1602:Chief Executive Officer
1347:RPN Entertainment Group
236:Roberto Salas Benedicto
138:Roberto Salas Benedicto
1752:Honorio G. Poblador IV
1611:(1956–1972, 1986–1993)
1547:(1956–1972, 1986–1993)
1311:Nine Media Corporation
1042:. The Lawphil Project.
939:"Marcos and the Press"
775:Garcia, Myles (2016).
188:Loyola Memorial Park,
1609:Eugenio M. Lopez, Jr.
1458:BBC/City 2 Television
689:– via LA Times.
425:Further information:
409: Marcos scandal
1626:Eugenio L. Lopez III
311:fraternity brother.
18:Roberto S. Benedicto
1865:(2011–present) and
1779:(president and CEO)
1749:Emmanuel S. de Dios
1729:(president and CEO)
1673:Charo Santos-Concio
1632:Charo Santos-Concio
1586:Charo Santos-Concio
737:The Washington Post
375:most-favored nation
287:Benedicto, born in
1816:Voiceover artists/
1755:Salvador G. Tirona
1737:Federico M. García
1704:Board of Directors
1410:Solar News Channel
658:Martial Law Museum
159:Philippine Islands
1887:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1856:
1843:
1840:Kapamilya Channel
1838:(1987–2020), and
1805:Eugenio Lopez III
1799:Eugenio Lopez Jr.
1792:Chairman Emeritus
1787:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1770:Roberto Benedicto
1746:Mario L. Bautista
1733:Federico R. López
1730:
1726:Carlo L. Katigbak
1722:
1696:
1690:
1669:
1664:Eugenio Lopez III
1655:Freddie M. Garcia
1638:Carlo L. Katigbak
1621:
1582:
1577:Eugenio Lopez III
1568:Freddie M. Garcia
1562:Eugenio Lopez III
1557:
1545:Eugenio Lopez Jr.
1522:Eugenio Lopez III
1516:Eugenio Lopez Jr.
1505:
1497:Roberto Benedicto
1491:Eugenio Lopez Sr.
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1350:RPN TV Production
1291:
1290:
1174:
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1140:Roberto Benedicto
1098:
619:(April 8, 2016).
316:Malacañang Palace
309:Upsilon Sigma Phi
233:
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155:Negros Occidental
56:Roberto Benedicto
35:or maternal
16:(Redirected from
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247:Ferdinand Marcos
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129:Personal details
120:Carlos J. Valdés
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1869:(2020–present))
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1828:(1984–present)
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1718:Martin L. Lopez
1699:
1687:(2016–present)
1643:
1597:
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1528:Martin L. Lopez
1482:Antonio Quirino
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1375:CNN Philippines
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779:. eBookIt.com.
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1640:(2016–present)
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59:
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24:
14:
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10:
9:
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3:
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1957:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
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1918:
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1858:
1854:
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1837:
1834:(1984–1986),
1833:
1827:
1824:
1823:
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1813:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
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1777:Salvador Tan
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1358:Former assets
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1156:Cerge Remonde
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882:
879:Kamm, Henry.
875:
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867:
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853:
848:
846:9780230109162
842:
838:
837:
829:
826:
821:
819:9781351678575
815:
812:. Routledge.
811:
810:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
786:9781456626501
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428:
427:Negros famine
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394:
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208:Julita Campos
207:
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195:
192:, Philippines
191:
187:
185:Resting place
183:
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136:
132:
127:
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85:
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77:
73:
69:
65:
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53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1826:Peter Musñgi
1769:
1685:Cory Vidanes
1666:(2006–2007)
1579:(2006–2007)
1496:
1326:RPN Compound
1305:Other assets
1161:Orly Mercado
1139:
1109:
1105:State agency
1101:
1100:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:
932:
906:. Retrieved
896:
884:. Retrieved
874:
865:
855:
839:. Springer.
835:
828:
808:
790:
776:
770:
758:. Retrieved
754:
745:
736:
730:
718:. Retrieved
714:
683:. Retrieved
673:
661:. Retrieved
657:
624:
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584:
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469:
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286:
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235:
234:
217:
175:Bacolod City
170:(2000-05-15)
168:May 15, 2000
116:Succeeded by
83:
49:
44:
40:
1905:2000 deaths
1900:1917 births
1807:(2018–2020)
1801:(1997–1999)
1689:(broadcast)
1681:(2015–2016)
1675:(2008–2015)
1657:(1997–2003)
1634:(2013–2015)
1628:(1993–2013)
1622:(1973–1986)
1588:(2008–2015)
1570:(1997–2003)
1564:(1993–1997)
1558:(1973–1986)
1524:(1997–2018)
1518:(1993–1997)
1512:(1986–1993)
1506:(1973–1986)
1493:(1956–1972)
1487:(1952–1957)
1478:(1946–1952)
1329:South Tower
1252:TV networks
1121:Key figures
1113:State media
493:Imee Marcos
216:Founder of
197:Nationality
179:Philippines
104:Preceded by
37:family name
33:middle name
1894:Categories
1877:Jeepney TV
1853:Cinema One
1818:announcers
1773:(chairman)
1763:BBC/City 2
1721:(chairman)
594:9719128704
547:References
458:See also:
307:, and his
277:California
263:(BBC) and
151:La Carlota
144:1917-04-17
1668:(interim)
1581:(interim)
1538:President
1110:Industry:
918:cite news
435:Marcos's
273:Venezuela
244:President
213:Known for
93:President
88:1972–1978
84:In office
45:Benedicto
1863:Cine Mo!
1466:Chairman
1415:Solar TV
1278:stations
1024:July 19,
948:July 26,
663:July 19,
603:28428684
535:See also
200:Filipino
190:Marikina
27:In this
1836:ABS-CBN
1711:ABS-CBN
1296:RPN USA
1268:DZKB-TV
1243:DXKT-AM
1238:DXDX-AM
1223:DXXX-AM
1218:DXKS-AM
1213:DXKO-AM
1208:DYKC-AM
1203:DYKB-AM
1128:Founder
1097:) (20%)
1019:Rappler
998:May 31,
973:May 31,
908:May 31,
886:May 27,
760:May 23,
720:May 23,
685:May 13,
406:transl.
368:US$ 550
259:(RPN),
1149:Former
843:
816:
783:
601:
591:
521:US$ 16
399:マルコス疑惑
205:Spouse
31:, the
1385:C/S 9
1313:(34%)
868:(66).
527:Death
240:crony
41:Salas
1616:(as
1552:(as
1500:(as
1390:DWWW
1283:RPTV
1233:DXKD
1228:DXKP
1198:DZKI
1193:DZRL
1188:DZBS
1026:2018
1000:2018
975:2018
950:2018
943:CMFR
924:link
910:2018
888:2018
841:ISBN
814:ISBN
781:ISBN
762:2018
722:2018
687:2018
665:2018
599:OCLC
589:ISBN
165:Died
134:Born
1867:A2Z
1395:ETC
1365:9TV
478:).
242:of
39:is
1896::
1017:.
991:.
966:.
941:.
920:}}
916:{{
864:.
798:^
789:.
753:.
713:.
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656:.
633:^
623:.
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555:^
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255:,
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177:,
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153:,
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1002:.
977:.
952:.
926:)
912:.
890:.
849:.
822:.
764:.
739:.
724:.
667:.
605:.
404:(
402:)
396:(
146:)
142:(
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
