Roguelike - Knowledge

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precariousness inherent to the unknown environments of roguelikes gives that investment a great deal of meaning." Additionally, many of these newer rogue-lites strive to address the apparent high difficulty and ruthlessness that traditional roguelikes were known for, and newer players will be able to find more help through user-generated game guides and walkthroughs made possible through wide Internet accessibility. Fabien Fischer offers that players have taken to independently developed rogue-lites as they have tired from "superficial gameplay, whitewashing spectacle, the content craze, and

7169: 624:, so no game is the same on subsequent playthroughs. Most roguelikes have an ultimate goal of either claiming an item located at the deepest level of the dungeon, or defeating a specific monster that lives on that level. Typical roguelikes assess the player's performance at the end of the game through a score based on the amount of treasure, money, experience earned, and how fast the player finished the game, if they managed to do so. The score is displayed in a ranked scoreboard to compare the player's performance on successive runs. 918: 1085:, whereby achieving certain goals will unlock persistent features such as the ability to select a new character at the start of the game or the addition of new items and monsters in the procedural generation of the game's levels. Alternatively, each run through rogue-lite may be to collect resources which one then advances their character within the metagame, and a player may simply forgo a complete run once they have collected sufficient materials for that advancement. 63: 1002:, many traditional roguelikes were modified to include support for having multiple windows. This was useful to not only show the character-based dungeon, but details on the character's inventory, the monster they were in battle with, and other status messages, in separate windows. Having access to multiple windows also allowed having menus to complete more complex commands. More recent examples of roguelikes that have stayed with ASCII art-based displays include 1025: 1061:, causing confusion and dilution of the term. Some players of the Berlin Interpretation roguelikes disliked the dilution of the term, believing that in the 1990s and 2000s, the term "roguelikes" served well to distinguish games that forwent aesthetics to focus on depth of gameplay from games more comparable to interactive movies, particularly games that incorporated real-time gameplay elements which tended to reduce the game's complexity. As such, the term " 2277: 635: 2743: 33: 1069:" has been used by some to distinguish these games that possess some, but not all, of the Berlin Interpretation features from those that exactly meet the Berlin roguelike definition. The phrase "procedural death labyrinth" has also been applied to such games, as they retain the notion of permadeath and random level generation but lack the other high-value factors normally associated with roguelike games. 1073:

a high-value factor in these types of games. Game journalist Joshua Bycer observed that several games considered as rogue-lites feature fixed events, even if the means to reach that may be through procedural generation, whereas a roguelike game typically lacks this level of predictability. For example, several rogue-lites require the player to travel a fixed number of biomes, each which culminates in a

2952: 2989:. The result was a platform game incorporating the notion of permadeath in which the player takes an explorer character through randomly-generated caves. The intent was to create "deep" gameplay in which the game could be replayed over and over again, with the randomly generated situations driving the need for the player to develop novel, emergent strategies on the fly. Developer 3148:

of the 2008 International Roguelike Conference, the "Roguelike Celebration" was held for the first time in September 2016 in San Francisco where several past and present roguelike developers gathered to discuss the history and future direction of the genre. It has since been organized again in 2017, 2018 and 2019 in San Francisco, and as virtual events in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

784:, giving the player as much time as needed to make a decision. Gameplay is usually step-based, where player actions are performed serially and take a variable measure of in-game time to complete. Game processes (e.g., monster movement and interaction, progressive effects such as poisoning or starvation) advance based on the passage of time dictated by these actions. 1281:(1979). It is unclear if these PLATO games inspired the roguelike genre as there is no evidence that the early roguelike creators had access to these games. The core roguelike games were developed independently of each other, many of the developers not learning about their respective projects until several years after the genre took off. 2083: 2346:

an extremely useful item to complete the game. Though the DevTeam released the code publicly, they carefully maintained who could contribute to the code base to avoid excessive forking of the vanilla game, and remain relatively quiet about suggested improvements to each release, working in relatively secrecy from its player base.

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newsgroup in 2005 for roguelike developers, informally challenging them to create the core of a novel roguelike within 7 days to be submitted for judging and play by the public. The competition has continued annually each year, since growing from 5–6 entries in 2005 to over 130 in 2014. In the spirit

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The roguelike genre has developed with the expansion of both classical roguelikes and rogue-lite titles, a dedicated fan community has come about to not only discuss games within it but to craft their own tales of near-death adventures or amusing stories in roguelikes. Within this community, there is

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map of the fictional realm of Ancardia, and would have the player complete various quests in those dungeons to progress the game. A major feature was the influence of Chaos forces through unsealed portals, which the player would have to close. While in areas affected by Chaos, the player's character

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minicomputer for the school and instituted a course curriculum that allowed students to do whatever they wanted on the computers, including playing games, as long as they had completed assignments by the end of each semester. Fenlason, Woodland, Thome, and Payne met through these courses and became a

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from Tolkien's fiction, and incorporated more of the deadlier creatures described within the Middle Earth mythology. They kept the Balrog as a difficult creature that must be overcome at a mid-game level, while Morgoth became the final boss the player must defeat to win the game. Following Cutler and

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Roguelike games were initially developed for computing environments with limited memory, including shared mainframe systems and early home computers; this limitation prevented developers from retaining all but a few dungeon levels in memory while the game was running, leading to procedural generation

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Rogue-lites favor short gameplay runs with victory conditions, in contrast to some traditional roguelikes that can be played indefinitely. The shortness of a single gameplay run in rogue-lites can motivate players to continually replay the game in the hope of reaching completion, making replayability

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to limit which monsters are visible from the player's position. Dungeons tend to be connected by stairs; lower dungeon levels generally are more difficult than higher ones, so that an underdeveloped character will have difficulty progressing too fast. Dungeon levels and the population of monsters and

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series. Several changes to the roguelike formula had to be made for this conversion: they had developed ways to reduce the difficulty of the roguelike by using progressively more difficult dungeons that were randomly generated, and made permadeath an option by selection of difficulty level. An added

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is used to generate the game's levels in a deterministic fashion so that each player will have the same encounters; players attempt to complete the game through those levels or otherwise get the highest score through online leaderboards. Rogue-lites may also allow the player to enter the random seed

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that roam the dungeon. Most combat is performed simply by attempting to move the character into the same space as the monster. The game then calculates the damage that the character and monster deal. Other types of attacks, such as firing an arrow or performing an offensive magic spell, can often be

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said that including roguelike elements into other game mechanics can be difficult due to the complex interfaces roguelikes tend to have, but eventually "it becomes an increasingly beautiful, deep, and everlasting design that allows you to generate a seemingly dynamic experience for players, so that

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Though new classical roguelike variants would continue to be developed within the Western market, the genre languished as more advanced personal computers capable of improved graphics capabilities and games that utilized these features became popular. However, some of these new graphical games drew

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series) in the high fantasy setting, and the use of pre-defined levels with some procedural elements that the player would encounter deeper in the dungeons. Further iterations of the game included branching pathways through the dungeon and optional character-based quests that could grant the player

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further considers "stamina decay" as another feature related to resource management. The player's character constantly needs to find food to avoid starvation, which prevents the player from exploiting health regeneration by simply either passing turns for a long period of time or fighting very weak

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being the oldest of these types of games, was picked as "the least of all available evils". By the time it was suggested that a group be created to discuss the development of these kind of games in 1998, the "roguelike" term was already established within the community. This usage parallels that of

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around 1993, as this was the principal channel the players of roguelike games of that period were using to discuss these games, as well as what the developers used to announce new releases and even distribute the game's source code in some cases. With several individual groups for each game, it was

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It seems to me that we'd do a lot better taking all of the dungeon-adventure games, including ones that don't have their own newsgroups like larn and omega, and reorganizing them under rec.games.dungeon – recognizing the intrinsic similarities of all these games. It would make it a lot easier for

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developer Keith Burgun, that more popular titles may not always offer. David Bamguart of Gaslamp Games stated that there is a thrill of the risk inherent in rogue-lites with random generation and permadeath, helping the player become more invested in the fate of their player character: "The deadly

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approach rather than true randomness. Procedural generation uses a set of rules defined by the game developers to seed the generation of the dungeon generally to assure that each level of the dungeon can be completed by the player without special equipment, and also can generate more aesthetically

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who created a new subgenre designated "rogue-lite", though the games are also sometimes called "roguelike-likes". Indie developers began to incorporate roguelike elements into genres not normally associated with roguelikes, creating games that would form the basis of this new subgenre. Two of the

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library that enabled them to better manipulate characters on the terminal screen, prompting Toy and Wichman to create a graphical-like randomized adventure game. They created the story of the game by having the player seek out the "Amulet of Yendor", "Yendor" being "Rodney" spelled backwards, the

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as a leading example; in such games, the player generally fights through wave after wave of enemies, their character often fully firing or using all possible attacks without player intervention, with the ability to expand their character through a random selection of power-ups as they defeat more

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With computers and video game consoles capable of more advanced graphics and gameplay, numerous games have emerged that are loosely based on the classic roguelike design but diverge in one or more features. Many of these games use the concepts of procedurally generated maps and permadeath, while

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genre, popular for Western computer audiences, into a more streamlined approach better suited for Japanese players that preferred consoles. With roguelikes starting to gain popularity, Chunsoft's developers believed they could do a similar treatment for that genre to make it better suited for

3134:, was built to strongly incorporate elements of non-linear narrative into the game, giving the reason for the player to continually delve into replaying the game, and helped to draw in players to the roguelike genre that otherwise had been put off by its high difficulty level before. 1131:

writer Richard C. Moss alternatively suggested that the term "roguelike" is less necessarily about any specific genre definition but instead the idea that "games can be deep, inventive, challenging, and endlessly compelling experiences through their rules and their systems alone".

448:, several new "roguelikes" have appeared, with some but not all of these high-value factors, nominally the use of procedural generation and permadeath, while often incorporating other gameplay genres, thematic elements, and graphical styles; common examples of these include 2126:

Astrand's graduation, Sean March and Geoff Hill took over the development to see the game through to a public release outside of the university, adding in elements such as giving the player a sense of the rewards and dangers of a level when they entered it the first time.

2137:, there were efforts to have code maintainers (the "devteam") to fix bugs, clean up the code and implement suggestions into the code. Due to numerous shifts in those maintaining the code (due to other obligations), and the number of potential user suggestions to include, 484:. To distinguish these from traditional roguelikes, such games may be referred to as "rogue-lite" or "roguelike-like". Despite this alternative naming suggestion these games are often referred to as roguelike and use the roguelike tag on various market places such as 3261:

people who like one of these games to find newsgroups about other, basically similar games, and would finally provide a home for all those random posts about Larn and other games of the same genre that keep popping up in rec.games.hack and other inappropriate places.

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is "The Dev Team Thinks of Everything" in that the developers seem to have anticipated every possible combination of actions that a player may attempt to try in their gameplay strategy, such as using gloves to protect one's character while wielding the corpse of a

758:. Once a character dies, the player must begin a new game, known as a "run", which will regenerate the game's levels anew due to procedural generation. A "save game" feature will only provide suspension of gameplay and not a limitlessly recoverable state; the 517:, all of which shared common elements, that the groups be consolidated under an umbrella term to facilitate cross-game discussion. Debate among users of these groups ensued to try to find an encapsulating term that described the common elements, starting with 1384:, which required the player to navigate through randomly generated dungeon levels, acquire a sword, and make it back to the surface with that sword through more randomly generated levels. The more advanced computers available at the school, such as the 2700:

Other Japanese role-playing games would incorporate random dungeon generation as part of their design, mimicking part of the nature of roguelikes, and were considered roguelike titles when published in Western markets. Such titles include

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The player must use resource management to survive. Items that help sustain the player, such as food and healing items, are in limited supply, and the player must figure out how to use these most advantageously to survive in the dungeon.

1054:, and a player may never complete these games over numerous play sessions, making these titles difficult to sell to a broader audience. These new games would include elements to reduce the difficulty as to draw in a larger audience. 608:, with the game only reacting when the player makes an action with the character. This allows players to evaluate a difficult situation, such as being cornered by several monsters, at their own pace and determine the best strategy. 425:

The exact definition of a roguelike game remains a point of debate in the video game community. A "Berlin Interpretation" drafted in 2008 defined a number of high- and low-value factors that distinguished the "pure" roguelike games

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With the large number of Roguelike games and variants in existence and in development, there are occasional discussions about programming problems such as dungeon-generation algorithms which are of interest to designers of several

813:. For example, to get through a locked door, the player may attempt to pick the lock, kick it down, burn down the door, or even tunnel around it, depending on their current situation and inventory. A common phrase associated with 849:

The game requires the player to explore the world, and discover the purpose of unidentified items. In games featuring random generation, this must be done again every playthrough, as both the map and the appearances of items

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genre, and which frequently uses procedural generation to create the worlds that players must survive in, was developed by Sami Maaranen and was influenced by roguelikes, with its initial interface being similar to that of

703:. The Interpretation was designed to determine "how roguelike a game is", noting that missing a factor does not eliminate a game from being a roguelike, nor does possessing the features make a game roguelike. John Harris of 4980: 2688:

games, player-characters may die or become too injured, resetting their progress to the start of the dungeon, but the games typically provide means to store and recover equipment and other items from the previous run. The

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were the introduction of a wider variety of monsters, borrowing from other mythologies and lores, including anachronistic and contemporary cultural elements (such as a tourist class with a flash-bulb camera inspired by

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What gameplay elements explicitly define a "roguelike" game remains a point of debate within the video game community. There is broad agreement that roguelike games incorporate gameplay elements popularized by the

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each time they play your game they're getting a totally new adventure". Procedural-generated world lets developers create many hours worth of game content without spending resources on designing detailed worlds.

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The game involves exploring dungeons which are made up of rooms and interconnecting corridors. Some games may have open areas or natural features, such as rivers, though these are considered against the Berlin

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close group of friends and competent programmers. Harvey had invited the group to the computer labs at UC Berkeley where they had the opportunity to use the mainframe systems there, and were introduced to

945:. These games typically included one or two text lines presenting the player's current status at the bottom of the screen, and text-based menu screens to manage inventory, statistics, and other details. 4060: 777:

s Michael Toy, they saw their approach to permadeath not as a means to make the game painful or difficult but to put weight on every decision the player made as to create a more immersive experience.

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as showing how to distill down the nature of a traditional roguelike to apply it to other gaming genres which they had done for their rogue-lites. Justin Ma and Matthew Davis, the co-developers of

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s first major release in ten years in 2015 is set to help the DevTeam expand the game further. New roguelikes that adhere to core Berlin Interpretation rules are still being created, including

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family where the player can buy and sell equipment, but these are considered to reduce the randomness set by the Berlin Interpretation. This "random generation" is nearly always based on some

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was often remembered for its odd inventory approach in which the player would have to pick up an object, considering it being held, and then moving that object to a bag or an equipment slot.

6261: 580:, the player moves the character through the dungeon, collecting treasure which can include new weapons, armours, magical devices, potions, scrolls, food, and money, while having to fight 4635: 3916: 366:

graphics. These games were popularized among college students and computer programmers of the 1980s and 1990s, leading to hundreds of variants. Some of the better-known variants include

6599: 5935: 1510:, and together they would go on to create the company A.I. Design to port the games for various home systems along with publishing support by Epyx, later bringing Wichman back to help. 2441:(in the availability of a shop level and general difficulty increasing with dungeon level), but while these two games have spiraled in size to take multiple play sessions to complete, 1388:, enabled him to expand out the game further from the highly limited memory on the PET. On seeing the prospects of selling computer software, he eventually got a publication deal with 6622: 217: 6098: 5805: 2617:, released in 1995. Chunsoft found that they were more creative with how they developed the game without the need to respect an existing property. Since then, Chunsoft has developed 2265:

to the USENIX conferences to be distributed on their digital tapes, from which it was later discovered and built upon through USENET newsgroups, porting it to various systems. Like

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The newfound success in rogue-lites is considered part of a larger trend in those that play both board and computer games, looking for "rich play experiences", as described by

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I would like to propose formally that a new hierarchy be created, namely rec.games.roguelike. This hierarchy would contain groups dedicated to discussion of rogue-type games.

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I would like to propose formally that a new hierarchy be created, namely rec.games.dungeon. This hierarchy would contain groups dedicated to discussion of rogue-type games.

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that kept the depth of gameplay with a focused theme and setting. The resulting game featured several different dungeons, many generated procedurally, connected through an

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computer; its limited memory forced them to use a simple text-based interface for the game. Toy eventually dropped out of school but got a job at the computing labs at

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introduced the permadeath feature after introducing a save function, finding that players were repeatedly loading saved games to achieve the best results. According to

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of the games, adding in new monsters, items, and gameplay features, creating several dozen variants. This process was aided by switching code to languages with better

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was. At the International Roguelike Development Conference 2008 held in Berlin, Germany, players and developers established a definition for roguelikes known as the "

4535: 3434: 991:-based graphical front ends, as well as interfaces that took advantage of keyboard and mouse UI controls, but otherwise still kept to the core tile-based gameplay. 984:

that gave an "aesthetic construction of nostalgia" by "depicting textual symbols as aesthetic forms in their own right" and consistency across multiple roguelikes.

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The game has a degree of complexity due to the number of different game systems in place that allow the player to complete certain goals in multiple ways, creating

638: 299: 212: 6533: 2922:, both space exploration games that included randomly generated planets and encounters, and permadeath. Digital Eel based their work on the space exploration game 2453:, developed by Laurence Brothers in the late 1980s, is credited with introducing an overworld concept to the roguelike genre, prior to the feature's appearance in 7336: 5838: 2726: 106: 6396: 3685: 2067:

within the game. He got help from several playtesters as well as another student, Jimmey Wayne Todd, who helped to program a deeper character generation system.

600:, and other attributes. Monsters may drop treasure to be looted. The character dies if they lose all their hit points. As most roguelikes feature the concept of 5739: 2051:, levels were not persistent: when the player left the level and then tried to return, a new level would be procedurally generated. Among other improvements to 159: 2852:(2013) Some games would also take advantage of the ease of developing in the tile-based ASCII interfaces common to roguelikes. For example, the highly popular 762:

is deleted upon resumption or character death. Players can circumvent this by backing up stored game data ("save scumming"), an act that is usually considered

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also uses a fixed-time feature, in that the player had only so many turns to complete a goal, though there were ways to jump back in time as to extend play.

6228: 5239: 2522:(1990), but which lacked the depth of a typical computer-based roguelike. Neither proved to be successful games. There was also the 1991 Japanese exclusive 6693: 6297: 3956: 164: 154: 6500: 3247: 933:, commonly UNIX-based computer mainframes and terminals used at colleges and universities before transitioning to personal computers. Games used a mix of 891:. Some games such as NetHack even have the player's former characters reappear as enemies within the dungeon. Multi-player turn-based derivatives such as 6954: 5420: 839:, called this aspect a sort of "clock", imposing some type of deadline or limitation on how much the player can explore and creating tension in the game. 2693:

games were not as successful in Western markets when published there, as the target players – younger players who likely had not experienced games like

2569: 1400:, enabling him to use graphics and sound as part of the game. The game was considered a success, and when it was ported to the PC in 1983, it out-shone 6162: 4819: 3287: 237: 6330: 4393: 5389: 3804: 864:

The game aimed to provide a tactical challenge that may require players to play through several times to learn the appropriate tactics for survival.

6065: 5356: 4691: 2836:(2015). A subclass of "coffeebreak roguelikes" that could be completed in a short period of time have developed, often derived from entries in the 6251: 5305: 3330: 660:(1980), which bore out many variations due to its success; As of 2015, several hundred games claiming to be roguelikes were available through the 5031: 5640: 5607: 4899: 4668: 4625: 2603:

setting and the character Torneko, helping to make the game familiar to its planned audience and giving a story for the player to follow. While

1918:. Solid lines represent games developed from the parent's source code, while dotted lines represent games that were inspired by the parent game. 1107:, and "that stray a bit further from the genre but still manage to scratch the same itch as a great roguelike". These include games such as the 7415: 5501: 5079: 2914: 2859: 802:, in that every action should be available to the player regardless of where they are in the game. The Interpretation notes that shops like in 256: 6589: 4370: 604:, this represents the end of the game, and the player will need to restart the game with a newly made character. Roguelikes are nearly always 6860: 4930: 4764: 4024: 3906: 3718: 3487: 2964:-based rogue-lite that has up to four players playing in a mixed cooperative/competitive gameplay to explore procedurally generated dungeons. 2561:

and make it "more understandable, more easy-to-play version" of the title that could be played on consoles. This led to the creation of the

6632: 6088: 2226:, inspiring them to create their own version as their class project. Fenlason had created a list of features they wanted to improve upon in 5795: 5564: 3756: 2908: 2613: 2210: 1438: 1255:(1975) believed to be the first dungeon crawl game, and featured random monster encounters, though only used a single fixed dungeon level. 883:

are often shared between players. Some roguelikes allow traces of former player characters to appear in later game sessions in the form of

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for a dragon. Later games would take advantage of colour-based text graphics to increase the variation of creature types, such as a red

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items may vary from run to run. For example, a "bubbly" potion might heal wounds one game, then poison the player character in the next.

6131: 5450: 4185: 3035:. All of these games earned critical praise, and their success has led to a more modern resurgence in rogue-lites since their release. 1140:

In considering the popularity of roguelikes that deviate from the Berlin Interpretation, the rogue-lites, some subgenres have emerged.

5706: 4436: 2902: 2752:, incorporating user interface elements more common to other hack-and-slash games such as a mini-map and a persistent inventory window 1473: 4719: 4325: 1050:. Other titles deriving from roguelike games are based on the observation that the traditional roguelikes are difficult with a steep 7841: 6655: 6360: 5547: 4575: 4492: 3520: 3003: 1057:

Many games with some of the Berlin Interpretation elements call themselves "roguelike", but bear little resemblance to the original

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of a dungeon, with basic equipment such as a simple weapon, armor, torches, and food. Following along the role-playing concept of a

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could be used to improve specific skills, such as weapon proficiency or trap detection. One fork of this would form the basis for

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Monsters have behavior that is similar to the player-character, such as the ability to pick up items and use them, or cast spells.

683:". The Berlin Interpretation set out a set of high-value and low-value factors, basing these lists on five canon roguelike games: 5762: 2371: 573: 232: 1185:, where the player builds their deck over the course of the game, forcing them to plan strategy on the fly. While the 2014 game 7973: 7571: 7496: 7216: 6785: 6556: 4221: 3873: 2149:

variants; at least sixty known variants exist with about a half dozen still under active development. One significant fork was

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led developers to create their own versions of the game, though their efforts were originally limited by the lack of access to

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and was inspired by the game but dismayed at the complexity and elements he found unnecessary or distracting. Biskup created

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but with features that they wanted to see. These versions would be distributed with source code, and along with the original

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s source, which was not released until BSD v4.3 in 1986. These developers resorted to building games from scratch similar to

615:. Many roguelikes include visibility elements, such as a torch to provide illumination to see monsters in nearby squares, or 565: 189: 6886: 5991: 5673: 5170: 4842: 4770: 3840: 2985:, who wanted to take the deep gameplay that is offered by roguelikes and combine it with the ease and pick-up-and-play of a 2254:

without having access to its source code. Fenlason was not able to include all the desired features, and his involvement in

7769: 7491: 7266: 6918: 6752: 4525: 3946: 2284:, showing a town-like area (with buildings indicated by the line symbols) with a river passing through it (the blue tiles) 2060: 134: 6904: 5206: 3424: 2611:

games, it was successful enough for Chunsoft to develop a second title based on a wholly original character and setting,

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such as having a level's layout saved once the player moved off that level. They approached Toy and Arnold at a local

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languages, and cleaning up and modularizing the code so that contributors can better follow where changes can be made.

6386: 5902: 5729: 4091: 3677: 2478: 2142: 1951: 3564: 3209: 2312:, and Janet Walz, another computer hacker. Calling themselves the DevTeam, they began to make major modifications to 2055:, Koeneke included a persistent town at the highest level where players could buy and sell equipment, and the use of 987:

With modern computer systems, users developed alternate means of displaying the game, such as graphical tilesets and

7168: 1218:, attempting to create games for the nascent computer field in the early 1980s, particularly influenced by the 1975 1093:

directly as to be able to rechallenge the same set of levels or share a difficult set of levels with other players.

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game and programming clones of it for various other computer systems. It was also inspired by interactive fiction

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Johnson, Mark R. (2017). "The Use of ASCII Graphics in Roguelikes: Aesthetic Nostalgia and Semiotic Difference".

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generation to increase replayability. Games may include pre-determined levels such as a town level common to the

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introduced new concepts or eschewed other principles that they felt moved the games away from the flavor of what

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Solving the Narrative Paradox in VEs — Lessons from RPGs. Intelligent Virtual Agents: 4th International Workshop

2209:(1982) was developed by Jay Fenlason with help from Kenny Woodland, Mike Thome, and Jonathan Payne, students at 7853: 7423: 7314: 7296: 7149: 6757: 6495: 6462: 6223: 5963: 5930: 4952: 4464: 4055: 3951: 3911: 3878: 3569: 3131: 3090: 2820: 2758: 2748: 2473: 1277: 474: 404: 79: 6825: 5412: 7788: 7478: 7306: 6721: 6256: 6190: 2503: 2214: 2183:) in 2002, which later swapped out the Tolkien and Zelazny fiction setting for a new original one to become 2167: 2079:

by Jim E. Wilson, making the game more portable to a larger variety of computers while fixing various bugs.

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stories. Following Tolkien's fiction, the player's goal was to descend to the depths of Moria to defeat the

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roleplaying, included procedural generation using a modification of the random maze generator from the game

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Though this is not addressed by the Berlin Interpretation, roguelikes are generally single-player games. On

738: 386: 184: 54: 6154: 4811: 3279: 2093:, which this screenshot is from—incorporated a fixed town level where players could buy and sell equipment. 7836: 7831: 7747: 7625: 7400: 7211: 7185: 7139: 6927: 6320: 5532: 5039: 3243: 3019: 2944: 2933: 2762: 2669: 2411:, would gain a devteam to maintain the code and implement updates and patches to avoid excessive forking. 2205: 2118: 2004: 1947: 1610: 1369: 763: 616: 456: 5379: 3814: 2261:

s development concluded after the students had left the school. Fenlason had provided the source code to

1042:

moving away from tile-based movement and turn-based gameplay, often using another gameplay genre such as

941:

characters to visually represent elements of the dungeon levels, creatures, and items on the level as in

7783: 7742: 7518: 7368: 7246: 7177: 6057: 5346: 4459: 4081:

Craddock 2015, Bonus Round: "Excerpt from One Week Dungeons: Diaries of a Seven-Day Roguelike Challenge"

2974: 2103: 1443: 1261: 1181:, where combat is resolved by using cards or an equivalent object. These games are inspired by physical 846:-based gameplay, where the goal is to kill many monsters, and where other peaceful options do not exist. 799: 788: 743: 656: 621: 556:, nearly all roguelikes give the player control of a character, which they may customize by selecting a 292: 7752: 6457: 5295: 3310: 2467:(1995) was created by Linley Henzell and featured a skill-based character progression system, in which 1241: 871:

The game presents the status of the player and the game through numbers on the game's screen/interface.

552: 320: 5028: 4658: 2734:

added a randomly-generated Deep Dungeon that was inspired by the procedural generation of roguelikes.

1315:

is also recognized as the first commercial roguelike game. The game, inspired by Worth's enjoyment of

917: 7846: 7737: 7581: 7377: 7071: 7029: 6218: 5630: 5597: 5064:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 5: "When the Inmates Run the Asylum – Hack-ing at Lincoln-Sudbury High School"

4889: 4530: 3368: 3326: 2721: 2297:(1987). When Mike Stephenson, an analyst at a computer hardware manufacturer, took maintainership of 2247: 2185: 2098: 2028: 1901: 1769: 988: 906: 535: 398: 392: 295: 203: 169: 5511: 5335:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 9: "Wish You Were Here! Questing for Postcards in Ancient Domains of Mystery"

5075: 1189:

is considered the first example of such a video game, the popularity of the genre was cemented with

7603: 7553: 7508: 7341: 7221: 5701: 4431: 4360: 3394: 3364: 3322: 3239: 3205: 2826: 2767: 2488: 2044: 1967: 1303: 995: 977: 781: 605: 440: 329: 179: 96: 4014: 3710: 3390: 3360: 3318: 3201: 3062:

Examples of successful games that have integrated roguelike components into other genres include:

8004: 7946: 7608: 7576: 7451: 7428: 7284: 7254: 7089: 7059: 6790: 6688: 6158: 6029: 5300: 4365: 4190: 4166: 3398: 3172: 3157: 3143:

strong interest in developing roguelikes. The 7 Day Roguelike challenge (7DRL) was born out of a

3126: 3084: 2956: 1955: 1532: 1425: 1204: 1125:, the latter which retains the classic ASCII art-approach to gameplay as traditional roguelikes. 1074: 581: 480: 335: 227: 139: 101: 38: 5574: 3746: 2684:

games and Western roguelikes following the Berlin Interpretation is the lack of permadeath – in

1494:

was "the biggest waste of CPU cycles in history". Its popularity led to the game's inclusion on

1024: 592:, and after earning enough points, the character will gain an experience level, improving their 5102: 3373:

Those people who agree on a name seem to favor "roguelike" as the least of all available evils.

62: 8009: 7922: 7917: 7588: 7534: 7443: 7276: 7236: 7039: 6877: 6856: 6594: 6561: 6429: 6292: 4926: 4760: 4571: 4394:"People who argue about the definition of roguelikes are annoying, but what if they're right?" 4254: 4149: 3526: 3516: 3493: 3483: 3113: 3102: 2429: 2238:, but were refused, forcing them to develop the routines from scratch. The resulting program, 1323:, role-playing elements for the characters, tile-based movement and turn-based combat. Though 1169: 973: 938: 810: 709:

exemplified this by using these criteria to numerically score some seemingly roguelike games;

368: 351:, is considered the forerunner and the namesake of the genre, with derivative games mirroring 348: 344: 284: 4981:"Interview: Author David Craddock on Dungeon Hacks and the fascinating history of roguelikes" 833:

monsters at low level dungeons. Rich Carlson, one of the creators of an early roguelike-like

671:

Some players and developers sought a more narrow definition for "roguelike" as variations on

7999: 7910: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7670: 7665: 7620: 7461: 7226: 7127: 7066: 7006: 6963: 6121: 5897: 4756: 4597: 4158: 3386: 3356: 3314: 3231: 3197: 2932:

but wanted to provide a shorter experience that would be easier to replay, akin to tabletop

2848: 2635: 2468: 2276: 1356: 1215: 1182: 1115: 999: 981: 589: 497: 307: 174: 70: 6853:

Dungeon Hacks: How NetHack, Angband, and Other Roguelikes Changed the Course of Video Games

5696: 4923:

The Game Developer's Dictionary: A Multidisciplinary Lexicon for Professionals and Students

1347:

was packaged and sold by hand by Worth either at local stores or through mail fulfillment.

634: 444:. Since then, with more powerful home computers and gaming systems and the rapid growth of 7968: 7658: 7513: 7134: 7094: 6908: 5569: 5551: 5035: 4337: 2998: 2832: 2742: 2563: 2554: 2512: 2336: 1109: 661: 652: 593: 557: 485: 410: 359: 303: 194: 7730: 7044: 6352: 5829:"Final Fantasy XIV's New 'Deep Dungeon' Will Be Different Than Anything Else In The Game" 5544: 3118: 3107: 2977:, is considered to be a major contribution to the growth of indie-developed rogue-lites. 2878:

featuring a scripted story that uses an ASCII interface and roguelike gameplay elements.

2536:, that centred on four distinct roguelike questlines divided into ten difficulty levels. 6656:"Vampire Survivors: our collective obsession with the quirky, genre-defining indie game" 2399:

would become tainted, causing mutations that could be either detrimental or beneficial.

1245:. Some elements of the roguelike genre were present in dungeon crawlers written for the 7613: 7319: 7203: 7115: 7110: 7001: 6126: 6093: 5384: 5351: 5107: 3809: 3429: 3235: 3162: 3079: 2854: 2663: 2599: 2518: 2056: 2032: 1506:

commercially and were hesitant about releasing it; Toy would go on to meet Jon Lane at

1487: 1219: 1191: 1121: 1051: 1034: 843: 748: 733: 717:

scored highest, earning 57.5 points of 60 available based on the Interpretation, while

705: 597: 561: 468: 2273:

code passed through several hands, and some variants were created by different forks.

2246:

influences, and derived its name from being both a "hack and slash" game as well as a

8028: 7757: 7598: 7539: 7390: 7331: 7122: 7081: 7024: 6890: 6627: 2986: 2885: 2808: 2641: 2367: 2305: 2162: 2117:

s code, they increased the number of levels and monsters, flavored the game based on

1943: 1482:

proved popular with college students and computer researchers at the time, including

1434: 1365: 1152: 1047: 1029: 611:

The player generally has to explore the dungeon to reveal its contents, similar to a

577: 288: 144: 91: 4170: 1376:

campaign he had run himself in the prior years. Before graduating and attending the

1167:. Within action roguelikes have also emerged a minimalistic shooter roguelike, with 858:

The game is based on controlling only a single character throughout one playthrough.

7994: 7956: 7798: 7648: 7566: 7231: 7193: 7154: 7054: 7034: 7016: 6912: 6528: 5870: 4696: 4630: 3607: 3072: 3009: 2990: 2880: 2870: 2779: 2715: 2703: 2544: 2483: 2036: 1483: 1397: 1286: 1246: 1236: 1164: 1127: 980:. Sociologist Mark R. Johnson described these commonality of symbols and glyphs as 952:

character across text-based roguelikes, which had been chosen by the developers of

791:. Gameplay takes place on a uniform grid of tiles. This is usually presented in an 311: 222: 3641: 2951: 2677:

series were popular, and would become a staple of the Japanese video game market.

5663: 4852: 4800:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 4: "There and Back Again: Retrieving the Sword of Fargoal"

4750: 3850: 7905: 7879: 7702: 7675: 7653: 7456: 7405: 7049: 6984: 4894: 4497: 4259: 4226: 3095: 2919: 1499: 1144: 1089: 1043: 6122:"PWYW Pick: SanctuaryRPG blends old-school aesthetics and new-school mechanics" 5482: 3468:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 2: "Procedural Dungeons of Doom: Building Rogue, Part 1"

725:, games commonly compared to roguelikes, earned only about half of the points. 32: 7951: 7927: 7874: 7762: 7466: 7385: 6993: 6901: 6717:"How S.F.'s Supergiant made 'Hades,' one of 2020's most acclaimed video games" 5800: 5767: 5202: 5019:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 3: "Rodney and the Free Market: Building Rogue, Part 2"

3355:

Solovay, Andrew. (July 20, 1993). "3rd RFD: rec.games.roguelike.* hierarchy".

3067: 2924: 2709: 2653: 2528: 2323:, in part due to their collaboration over the game being done through USENET. 1456: 1082: 880: 876: 819: 759: 755: 612: 601: 531: 445: 149: 17: 5156:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 8: "Neapolitan Roguelike: The Many Flavors of Angband"

4162: 3497: 3196:

Solovay, Andrew. (July 27, 1993). "CFV: rec.games.roguelike reorganization".

7725: 7643: 7324: 6660: 6325: 5668: 4724: 4567: 3530: 2938: 2864: 2792: 2395: 2341: 1100: 942: 888: 84: 6590:"Crypt of the NecroDancer pairs roguelike dungeon crawling with DDR rhythm" 5892: 4692:"Vampire Survivors—a cheap, minimalistic indie game—is my game of the year" 2901:

The roguelike genre saw a resurgence in Western markets after 2000 through

972:

could indicate a green dragon that would shoot acid. Players would use the

3385:

Grabiner, David. (March 9, 1998). "RFD: rec.games.roguelike.development".

2213:

at the time, while participating in the school's computer lab overseen by

1914:

The hierarchy of the major Roguelike games that are known to descend from

7989: 7941: 7887: 7813: 7803: 7682: 7395: 6922: 5996: 5175: 4398: 3646: 2982: 2969: 2539: 2523: 2102:(1990) was developed by Alex Cutler and Andy Astrand while attending the 2064: 1507: 1495: 1392:, where they helped him to refine the marketing of the game, renaming it 1360:(1982), developed by Jeff McCord starting in 1979. The game was based on 1308: 450: 415: 6911:– A column about roguelikes and their various aspects by John Harris at 4878:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 1: "The BAM-Like: Exploring Beneath Apple Manor".

2023:

due to computer administrator restrictions, he began trying to recreate

7289: 6353:"IGF awards 2013: FTL acceptance speech for Excellence in Design award" 5865: 5796:"Baroque, Sting's Eerie Roguelike, Comes To iOS With Score Attack Mode" 5734: 5506: 5455: 5267: 5140:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 7: "None Shall Pass: Braving the Mines of Moria"

4847: 4720:"How One Of Gaming's Most Intimidating Genres Spawned A Legion Of Hits" 4051:"@Play 85: A Talk with Digital Eel, Makers of the Infinite Space Games" 4019: 3845: 3751: 2961: 2293: 2122: 1681: 1340: 1004: 828: 643: 374: 1441:. The game was inspired by Toy's prior experience in playing the 1971 6881: 5833: 4663: 4626:"Dungeon crawler or looter shooter? Nine video game genres explained" 3144: 2997:"totally revamped my thinking about single-player videogame design". 2842: 2697:– found the lack of a traditional role-playing game save system odd. 2533: 2502:

Through 1993, roguelikes primarily existed in computer space, and no

2231: 2218: 2134: 2040: 2016: 1469: 1385: 1301:, the first known game with the core roguelike gameplay elements was 1285:

to avoid the memory storage issue. Procedural generation led to high

1251: 6932: 3907:"Rogue co-creator: permadeath was never supposed to be 'about pain'" 2390:

from scratch with the aim of creating a more story-driven game than

956:

to stand for "where you're at". Other common examples would include

572:. At the start of the game, the character is placed at the top-most 6817: 5347:"COLUMN: @Play: Larn, Or, I Hocked The Car To Buy A Lance Of Death" 4752:

Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games

2082: 1214:

The creation of roguelike games came from hobbyist programmers and

7934: 7775: 2950: 2741: 2658: 2506:

variants had yet existed. Two of the earliest-known attempts were

2275: 2081: 1023: 934: 916: 884: 792: 633: 340: 31: 1081:. Associated with their short length, many rogue-lites feature a 5926:"20 years later, David Brevik shares the story of making Diablo" 5263:"Infinite Dungeons, Infinite Death: Tales of Maj'Eyal PC Review" 4985: 4333: 4326:"Going Rogue: A Brief History of the Computerized Dungeon Crawl" 2884:(1992), the game that is considered to be the forerunner of the 2800:, including the nature of randomly generated dungeons and loot. 2507: 1389: 1088:

Several rogue-lites feature daily challenges, in which a preset

668:

RogueBasin tracks hundreds of roguelikes and their development.

665: 6936: 4427:"What the hell is a roguelike? We try to hash out a definition" 4118:"Remembering the best shareware-era DOS games that time forgot" 3988:

Craddock 2015, Chapter 6: "It Takes a Village: Raising NetHack"

2003:(1983) was developed by Robert Alan Koeneke while a student at 1143:

Action roguelikes are typically based on combining gameplay of

6391: 5992:"Dragon Fin Soup: a fairytale roguelike set on a space turtle" 5635: 5602: 5234: 4292: 3678:"Roguelikes: A Unique & Challenging Spin On The RPG Genre" 2548:

series, a series which established fundamental aspects of the

2433:(1986), developed by Noah Morgan, borrowed concepts from both 1975:

could be classified into two branches based on two key games,

534:", a term used in 1990s that later evolved into more generic " 6895: 5380:"COLUMN: @Play: Crawlapalooza Part 1, Skills and Advancement" 5502:"Koichi Nakamura Interview: On the Birth of the Console RPG" 4562:

Bycer, Joshua (2021). "Chapter 9: The Roguelike Confusion".

2110:, they wanted to expand the game even further. Working from 1464:

name of the wizard they envisioned had created the dungeon.

1103:

of being roguelikes or rogue-lites, as they are inspired by

994:

As computers offered more advanced user interfaces, such as

948:

The player's character was nearly always represented by the

7561: 6851:

Craddock, David L (August 5, 2015). Magrath, Andrew (ed.).

6425:"Where I'm @: A Brief Look At The Resurgence of Roguelikes" 6058:"The Best Roguelikes To Play When You're On A Coffee Break" 5763:"One Man's Quest To Bring Mystery Dungeon Games To Android" 4493:"Procedural Death Jam cites Spelunky and FTL as influences" 728:

The Berlin Interpretation defined nine high-value factors:

5533:"Permanece vigente Akira Toriyama gracias a 'Dragon Ball'" 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 4186:"Control Dwarf Fortress With Isometric Graphics And Mouse" 3874:"Procedural vs. Randomly Generated Content in Game Design" 2803:

Existing roguelikes continue to be developed: a sequel to

4812:"How Procedural Generation Took Over The Gaming Industry" 2487:(1993) offered randomized dungeons and permadeath within 1451:. While looking for a way to randomize the experience of 641:"Vultures" sprite-based interface for the roguelike game 4361:"Roguelike, Roguelikelike, Roguelikelikelike, Or Rogue?" 3603:"ASCII art + permadeath: The history of roguelike games" 1368:

which he shared locally with friends while a student at

36:

A procedurally-generated dungeon in the 1980 video game

6491:"Postmortem: McMillen and Himsl's The Binding of Isaac" 5171:"The Game Archaeologist: A brief history of roguelikes" 4044: 4042: 1297:

Though the term "roguelike" derives from the 1980 game

6557:"Slay the Spire finally taught me how to build a deck" 5451:"Roguelikes: How a Niche PC RPG Genre Went Mainstream" 3007:(2011), and Kenny and Teddy Lee, the co-developers of 2738:

Continued development in Western markets (2002–onward)

1343:

which many college students had easy access to, while

1147:

within roguelikes instead of the turn-based gameplay.

968:

for a red dragon that would shoot fire, while a green

854:

Low-value factors from the Berlin Interpretation are:

6753:"Devs discuss the past and future of the 'roguelike'" 6524:"Dead Cells review — the apotheosis of the Roguelike" 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3711:"Berlin Interpretation (definition of a "Roguelike")" 1235:

on filesystems without long filenames), and from the

5296:"The Twelve Years Of Nethack: Version 3.6.0 Out Now" 4744: 4742: 3947:"'Roguelikes': Getting to the heart of the it-genre" 2973:(2008), released shortly after the formation of the 2437:(in that there are persistent and fixed levels) and 2419:

Not all early roguelikes were readily classified as

1350:

Another early roguelike whose development pre-dated

7982: 7898: 7862: 7824: 7718: 7711: 7636: 7552: 7527: 7477: 7442: 7414: 7376: 7367: 7305: 7275: 7245: 7202: 7176: 7103: 7080: 7015: 6992: 6983: 6786:"The Many Faces Of Roguelikes: Seven Days Of Rogue" 6281: 6279: 5697:"NDS Review – Mystery Dungeon: Shiren the Wanderer" 2625:series for various platforms, In addition to their 422:, also fall within the concept of roguelike games. 42:, the game after which the roguelike genre is named 5959:"NetHack gets first major update in over a decade" 3550:Craddock 2015, Introduction: "Rodney and Friends". 3280:"On the Historical Origin of the "Roguelike" Term" 2837: 620:treasure within them are generated randomly using 5565:"Japan Votes on All Time Top 100 – Edge Magazine" 4948:"The History of Rogue: Have @ You, You Deadly Zs" 3671: 3669: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 747:pleasing levels. In addition, the appearances of 5730:"Three things to get you excited about Shiren 3" 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4092:"7 roguelikes that every developer should study" 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3834: 3832: 3565:"@Play 80: Welcome back to the Dungeons of Doom" 2304:s code, he improved it, taking suggestions from 929:Early roguelikes were developed to be played on 6387:"Roguelikes: The Rebirth of the Counterculture" 6380: 6378: 6025:"A Free, Short Roguelike: The Ground Gives Way" 4593:"Before Spelunky and FTL, There Was Only ASCII" 4319: 4317: 4315: 4215: 4213: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3273: 3271: 3269: 2581: 2445:was aimed to be completed in a single session. 1498:v4.2 in 1984, though at that time, without its 5861:"Nightmare of Druaga: Fushigino Dungeon (PS2)" 4526:"What Separates a Roguelike from a Roguelite?" 3798: 3796: 3794: 2796:and other roguelikes influenced the design of 2727:massively multiplayer online role playing game 2575: 2358:for short, derived from concepts presented in 2063:language allowed him to create a more diverse 1437:and Michael Toy in 1980 while students at the 1259:inspired similar PLATO-based dungeon crawlers 6948: 6746: 6744: 4946:Barton, Matt; Loguidice, Bill (May 9, 2009). 4557: 4555: 4553: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3632: 3630: 3106:which establishes roguelike progression in a 2948:that has elements in common with roguelikes. 2862:, and would serve as a major inspiration for 2193:remains in development today by the devteam. 1942:source, other developers were able to create 1396:, and giving him access to the more powerful 1364:, an earlier title McCord had created on the 257: 8: 6654:Di Benedetto, Antonio G. (August 17, 2023). 4425:Kuchera, Ben; Groen, Andrew (May 13, 2013). 3642:"The 50 most important PC games of all time" 1372:in Kentucky; the game itself was based on a 822:as a weapon to petrify enemies by its touch. 5164: 5162: 5076:"Freeware Game Pick: Brogue (Brian Walker)" 4255:"Cloudy with a chance of being eviscerated" 4222:"Roguelikes Aren't Done With ASCII Art Yet" 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 2906:earliest cited examples of rogue-lites are 2858:(2006) uses the roguelike interface atop a 1018:Rogue-lites and procedural death labyrinths 314:narrative, reflecting their influence from 7715: 7373: 6989: 6955: 6941: 6933: 6418: 6416: 6414: 3805:"COLUMN: @Play: The Berlin Interpretation" 3705: 3703: 3558: 3556: 3425:"Video Games That Embrace Irony and Death" 2757:influence for roguelike concepts, notably 2583:Torneko's Great Adventure: Mystery Dungeon 1177:Another type of roguelike subgenre is the 264: 250: 45: 5230:"A History of Roguelikes in 6 Free Games" 4979:Carmichael, Stephanie (August 12, 2015). 3747:"Rise Of The Roguelikes: A Genre Evolves" 2633:games span various franchises, including 1502:. Toy and Arnold had anticipated selling 501:suggested that with rising popularity of 6588:McWhertor, Michael (September 2, 2013). 4220:Valentin, Christian (October 17, 2016). 2291:would eventually be dropped in favor of 1961:While there are some direct variants of 1339:had advantage of being distributed over 6765:from the original on September 17, 2016 6602:from the original on September 24, 2019 6231:from the original on September 10, 2014 6089:"Where Do Dwarf-Eating Carp Come From?" 5392:from the original on September 24, 2015 5359:from the original on September 24, 2015 5115:from the original on September 24, 2015 4659:"More Games Need Daily Challenge Modes" 4373:from the original on September 15, 2016 3919:from the original on September 24, 2016 3188: 2570:Torneko no Daibōken: Fushigi no Dungeon 1983:, that were developed in the spirit of 1099:further identified games they consider 588:Defeating monsters earns the character 521:, but after three weeks of discussion, 202: 126: 69: 53: 6828:from the original on December 11, 2014 6751:Brightman, John (September 16, 2016). 6489:McMillen, Edmund (November 28, 2012). 6437:from the original on September 3, 2014 6399:from the original on September 3, 2014 6363:from the original on February 16, 2016 6333:from the original on December 24, 2015 6288:"Spelunky: The Everlasting Platformer" 6198:from the original on November 17, 2015 6068:from the original on November 17, 2015 6037:from the original on November 17, 2015 5971:from the original on December 10, 2015 5808:from the original on November 18, 2015 5775:from the original on December 22, 2015 5463:from the original on February 13, 2020 4822:from the original on November 17, 2015 4538:from the original on November 12, 2020 4359:O'Conner, Alice (September 14, 2016). 4267:from the original on November 17, 2013 4253:Nakamura, Darren (November 14, 2013). 3959:from the original on September 2, 2014 3905:Francis, Bryant (September 19, 2016). 3688:from the original on November 16, 2015 3577:from the original on December 18, 2015 3482:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 245–246. 3478:Rouchart, Sandy; Aylett, Ruth (2003). 3437:from the original on November 17, 2015 3278:Zapata, Santiago (November 13, 2017). 3098:-style approach in a roguelike dungeon 3083:, bringing roguelike progression to a 3025:Weird Worlds: Return to Infinite Space 2915:Weird Worlds: Return to Infinite Space 2897:Growth of the rogue-lite (2005–onward) 2860:construction and management simulation 2319:s code. They named their new version 6729:from the original on January 23, 2021 6696:from the original on January 16, 2021 6682:Wiltshire, Alex (February 12, 2020). 6470:from the original on February 5, 2016 6184:Murphy, Stephen (December 26, 2012). 6134:from the original on November 7, 2021 6101:from the original on October 15, 2014 6004:from the original on November 3, 2015 5308:from the original on December 8, 2015 5275:from the original on November 9, 2015 5209:from the original on October 15, 2007 5169:Olivetti, Justin (January 18, 2014). 4890:"RPG Reload File 047 – 'Rogue Touch'" 4690:Zimmerman, Aaron (October 20, 2022). 4671:from the original on November 3, 2015 4657:Klepeck, Patrick (November 2, 2015). 4638:from the original on October 11, 2021 4472:from the original on January 22, 2014 4300:from the original on January 22, 2016 3759:from the original on October 13, 2018 3721:from the original on November 6, 2015 3515:. Lake Geneva, WI: TSR. p. 114. 3333:from the original on November 7, 2021 3290:from the original on October 14, 2018 3250:from the original on January 22, 2011 3210:rec.games.roguelike-CFV1@uunet.uu.net 2542:had gained success by developing the 2121:, the massive fortress controlled by 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1778: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1712: 1704: 1702: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1643: 1635: 1633: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1608: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1550: 1541: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1307:(1978), written by Don Worth for the 7: 6887:rec.games.roguelike Usenet hierarchy 6503:from the original on August 23, 2017 6456:Fischer, Fabian (February 4, 2016). 6300:from the original on January 2, 2016 6286:Frushtick, Russ (October 23, 2012). 5742:from the original on January 2, 2016 5709:from the original on January 2, 2016 5676:from the original on January 2, 2016 5643:from the original on January 2, 2016 5610:from the original on January 2, 2016 5423:from the original on October 3, 2017 5261:Davidson, Pete (December 17, 2013). 4902:from the original on August 26, 2015 4234:from the original on January 4, 2020 4128:from the original on August 10, 2021 4098:from the original on August 10, 2021 3311:"RFD: rec.games.dungeon.* hierarchy" 3228:"Time for a new level of hierarchy?" 2909:Strange Adventures in Infinite Space 2614:Mystery Dungeon: Shiren the Wanderer 2217:. Harvey had been able to acquire a 2211:Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School 1439:University of California, Santa Cruz 836:Strange Adventures in Infinite Space 27:Subgenre of role-playing video games 6569:from the original on April 28, 2019 6264:from the original on April 13, 2015 5938:from the original on March 19, 2016 5905:from the original on April 29, 2012 5629:Casamassina, Matt (July 25, 2007). 5449:Parish, Jeremy (January 17, 2019). 5242:from the original on April 13, 2014 5228:Spenser, Alex (December 26, 2013). 5103:"Column: @Play: Angband – At Last!" 5082:from the original on April 20, 2015 4063:from the original on March 23, 2016 3886:from the original on March 20, 2020 3654:from the original on April 30, 2019 3615:from the original on March 19, 2020 3601:Moss, Richard C. (March 19, 2020). 2629:titles, many of the other Chunsoft 2027:but specifically flavored with the 6684:"How Hades plays with Greek myths" 6536:from the original on June 14, 2019 6458:"What do you mean, losing is fun?" 6252:"Infinite Caves, Infinite Stories" 6153:Smith, Graham (October 20, 2014). 5841:from the original on June 16, 2016 5483:"Cave Noire – Hardcore Gaming 101" 4843:"The Essential 50 Part 12 – Rogue" 4624:Stuart, Keith (October 11, 2021). 4605:from the original on July 28, 2015 4564:Game Design Deep Dive - Roguelikes 4505:from the original on March 5, 2014 4491:Nakamura, Darren (March 3, 2014). 3803:Harris, John (December 18, 2009). 3745:Hatfield, Tom (January 29, 2013). 3676:Brookes, Tim (September 2, 2013). 3423:Rothman, Joshua (April 22, 2014). 3013:(2012), credit Yu's approach with 2234:conference for the source code to 1474:University of California, Berkeley 1407:s PC release the same year due to 1155:with the roguelike formula, while 25: 6798:from the original on May 13, 2014 6423:Pearson, Dan (January 30, 2013). 6165:from the original on May 24, 2019 5827:Schreier, Jason (June 16, 2016), 5378:Harris, John (January 15, 2010). 5183:from the original on May 18, 2015 5101:Harris, John (January 19, 2008). 4960:from the original on May 12, 2014 4925:. Cengage Learning. p. 338. 4888:Musgrave, Shaun (July 16, 2015). 4773:from the original on May 10, 2017 4458:Doucet, Lars (December 3, 2013). 4406:from the original on June 7, 2021 4015:"The Gateway Guide to Roguelikes" 3309:Solovay, Andrew. (July 2, 1993). 2680:A primary difference between the 2597:was that it used the established 2280:An example of a fixed level from 2175:codebase would be used to create 1033:combines roguelike elements with 310:. Most roguelikes are based on a 287:traditionally characterized by a 7167: 6898:– The Roguelike information wiki 6023:Smith, Adam (October 19, 2015). 5957:Kerr, Chris (December 8, 2015). 5500:Jeremy Parish (August 6, 2012). 5294:Smith, Adam (December 8, 2015). 4460:"On Procedural Death Labyrinths" 4288:"The Evolution of the Roguelike" 4286:Forde, Jack (January 21, 2016). 4198:from the original on May 5, 2015 4027:from the original on May 9, 2015 3945:Nutt, Christian (May 21, 2014). 3226:Panitz, Aliza. (June 18, 1993). 3071:, a roguelike incorporated with 2607:did not sell as well as typical 2557:stated their intent was to take 2372:Technical University of Dortmund 1380:in 1981, he had started work on 976:, using one keypress to enter a 61: 6818:"The 7 Day Roguelike Challenge" 6555:Gilliam, Ryan (June 11, 2019). 6319:Stanton, Rich (July 29, 2013). 6250:Birch, Anthony (July 7, 2009). 6219:"Making a Case for Short Games" 6186:"A Game 20 Years In the Making" 6120:LeRay, Lena (August 24, 2014). 6087:Weiner, Johan (July 24, 2011). 5990:Skyes, Tom (October 31, 2015). 5859:Parish, J (February 11, 2004). 5573:. March 3, 2006. Archived from 5345:Harris, John (April 26, 2008). 4810:Lee, Joel (November 28, 2014). 4718:Gordon, Lewis (June 30, 2022). 4591:Johnson, Mark (July 22, 2015). 4324:Brewer, Nathan (July 7, 2016). 4184:Smith, Graham (June 26, 2014). 4049:Harris, John (March 22, 2016). 4013:Jeremy Parish (April 6, 2015). 3563:Harris, John (March 11, 2015). 3031:as part of their influence for 2782:, acknowledged that games like 2553:Japanese audiences. Chunsoft's 2133:was released to the public via 1514:Following evolution (1980–1995) 1414:s superior graphics and sound. 664:game catalog, and the user-run 496:The term "roguelike" came from 6784:Smith, Adam (March 20, 2012). 6715:Li, Roland (January 3, 2021). 6621:Tack, Daniel (April 6, 2016). 6522:Grubb, Jeff (August 6, 2018). 6385:Mahardy, Mike (July 4, 2014). 6155:"Survival Games Are Important" 5924:Wawro, Alex (March 18, 2016). 4524:Hawkes, Ethan (July 6, 2013). 3872:Bycer, Josh (August 7, 2015). 3841:"Essential 50: Part 12. Rogue" 3244:1vsuhk$ mj7@bronze.lcs.mit.edu 3047:design" in titles produced by 2242:, stayed true to the original 2161:and altered the theme towards 2089:and its descendants—including 1289:, as no two games were alike. 795:representation of the dungeon. 1: 6217:Carlson, Rich (May 2, 2005). 5794:Spenser (December 27, 2012). 5728:Caoili, Eric (May 28, 2008). 5598:"Shiren Wanders Into America" 4392:Winkie, Luke (June 6, 2021). 2874:(2014) is a more traditional 2838:Seven Day Roguelike Challenge 2567:, with the first title being 1468:was originally executed on a 1239:setting of the tabletop game 1151:is an example of combining a 546:Drawing from the concepts of 135:Social interaction in MMORPGs 6321:"The making of Rogue Legacy" 5893:"The best game ever – Linux" 5662:Lyon, James (May 22, 2008). 3168:Roguelike deck-building game 2876:turn-based role playing game 2366:was originally developed by 2308:, a philosophy professor at 2269:, the maintainership of the 2019:, but without the source to 564:, and gender, and adjusting 446:indie video game development 3117:, a minimalistic roguelike 3051:developers and publishers. 2928:along with roguelikes like 2840:; examples include such as 2582: 1490:had joked at the time that 1331:, it was not as popular as 1136:Subgenres within roguelikes 806:do break this non-modality. 548:tabletop role-playing games 333:predates it, the 1980 game 316:tabletop role-playing games 302:, grid-based movement, and 8056: 7165: 6357:Game Developers Conference 6056:Lee, Joel (July 7, 2014). 5761:Spensor (April 10, 2012). 5695:Day, John (May 27, 2008). 5596:Nix (September 20, 2007). 3640:staff (January 18, 2016). 2550:computer role-playing game 2351:Ancient Domains of Mystery 2310:University of Pennsylvania 2075:) is a close variation on 1423: 1202: 1011:Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead 960:for monetary treasure and 931:text-based user interfaces 905:do exist and are playable 381:Ancient Domains of Mystery 6975:List of video game genres 6970: 6844:General and cited sources 5413:"Hackin' the Nights Away" 5411:Scorpia (February 1994). 3369:22ie07INNbaa@rodan.UU.NET 3327:211gvmINNsnp@rodan.UU.NET 2960:(2014) is a multiplayer, 2759:action role-playing games 2576: 2145:, leading to a number of 1875: 1873: 1851: 1844: 1807: 1805: 1783: 1776: 1734: 1732: 1716: 1714: 1708: 1688: 1665: 1663: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1617: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1546: 1539: 1210:Early history (1975–1980) 408:. The Japanese series of 7267:Digital collectible card 5545:ドラクエＶＳファイナルファンタジー　売り上げ対決 4163:10.1177/1555412015585884 3132:action role-playing game 3091:Crypt of the Necrodancer 3075:-style of platform games 2821:Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 2749:Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 2673:. Several titles in the 2474:Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 2374:. After playing through 2330:s major deviations from 2177:Troubles of Middle Earth 1163:are effective roguelike 475:Crypt of the NecroDancer 405:Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 343:based game that runs in 55:Role-playing video games 7352:Roguelike deck-building 7260:Roguelike deck-building 6722:San Francisco Chronicle 5631:"Nintendo Sales Update" 3391:news.announce.newgroups 3361:news.announce.newgroups 3319:news.announce.newgroups 3202:news.announce.newgroups 2934:beer and pretzels games 2657:, and a crossover with 2648:Pokémon Mystery Dungeon 2168:The Chronicles of Amber 1378:University of Tennessee 1224:Colossal Cave Adventure 842:The game is focused on 165:History of Western RPGs 155:History of Eastern RPGs 5203:"Angband variant list" 5040:Free software magazine 5034:July 26, 2020, at the 4921:Carreker, Dan (2012). 3399:889443102.8279@isc.org 3023:(2012), credited both 3020:FTL: Faster Than Light 2965: 2912:(2002) and its sequel 2903:independent developers 2807:successfully received 2763:Blizzard Entertainment 2753: 2670:Etrian Mystery Dungeon 2464:Linley's Dungeon Crawl 2285: 2094: 2005:University of Oklahoma 1374:Dungeons & Dragons 1370:Henry Clay High School 1317:Dungeons & Dragons 1242:Dungeons & Dragons 1179:roguelike deck-builder 1038: 926: 711:Linley's Dungeon Crawl 693:Linley's Dungeon Crawl 647: 553:Dungeons & Dragons 457:FTL: Faster Than Light 321:Dungeons & Dragons 293:procedurally generated 43: 8035:Roguelike video games 7594:Tactical role-playing 7359:Tactical role-playing 6907:May 15, 2019, at the 6855:. Press Start Press. 6635:on September 24, 2019 5554:from www9.plala.or.jp 5550:July 1, 2010, at the 5417:Computer Gaming World 5038:by Ben Asselstine on 4749:Barton, Matt (2008). 4340:on September 19, 2016 3817:on September 20, 2015 3513:Dungeon Masters Guide 2975:Berlin Interpretation 2954: 2745: 2279: 2157:), which expanded on 2104:University of Warwick 2085: 2015:. Having access to a 1227:(often simply titled 1027: 920: 744:procedural generation 681:Berlin Interpretation 637: 622:procedural generation 523:rec.games.roguelike.* 438:from edge cases like 35: 7974:Vertically scrolling 5901:. January 27, 2000. 5577:on December 26, 2009 4855:on February 28, 2013 3853:on February 28, 2013 3511:Gygax, Gary (1979). 3056:The Binding of Isaac 3004:The Binding of Isaac 2588:(1993) based on the 2489:AD&D 2nd Edition 2244:Dungeons and Dragons 2189:(2009). The vanilla 2141:would become highly 2031:of the same name in 1157:The Binding of Isaac 998:and point-and-click 766:; the developers of 536:first-person shooter 463:The Binding of Isaac 170:Non-player character 7604:Turn-based strategy 7509:Submarine simulator 7315:Action role-playing 7222:Interactive fiction 6623:"Enter the Gungeon" 5487:Hardcore Gaming 101 5419:. pp. 62, 64. 5415:. Scorpion's View. 5029:Freeing an old game 4432:Penny Arcade Report 4336:USA. Archived from 4124:. August 21, 2019. 3001:, the developer of 2945:The Sorcerer's Cave 2827:Dungeons of Dredmor 2605:Torneko no Daibōken 2595:Torneko no Daibōken 2498:games (1993–onward) 2370:while a student at 2007:, inspired by both 1971:, most variants of 1455:, they came across 1345:Beneath Apple Manor 1325:Beneath Apple Manor 1313:Beneath Apple Manor 1304:Beneath Apple Manor 1293:Concurrent variants 1220:text adventure game 585:performed as well. 542:Gameplay and design 519:rec.games.dungeon.* 330:Beneath Apple Manor 300:turn-based gameplay 49:Part of a series on 8005:Video game modding 7947:Nonlinear gameplay 7609:Turn-based tactics 7577:Real-time strategy 6791:Rock Paper Shotgun 6689:Rock Paper Shotgun 6359:. March 28, 2013. 6159:Rock Paper Shotgun 6030:Rock Paper Shotgun 5301:Rock Paper Shotgun 4994:on August 15, 2015 4366:Rock Paper Shotgun 4191:Rock Paper Shotgun 3286:. self-published. 3173:List of roguelikes 3085:deck building game 2966: 2754: 2577:トルネコの大冒険不思議のダンジョン 2286: 2153:(1994) (short for 2095: 1923:The popularity of 1426:Rogue (video game) 1205:List of roguelikes 1039: 927: 719:Toe Jam & Earl 648: 160:History of MMORPGs 140:Character creation 44: 8040:Video game genres 8022: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8010:Video game remake 7918:Emergent gameplay 7589:Real-time tactics 7548: 7547: 7487:Flight simulation 7217:Graphic adventure 7163: 7162: 6964:Video game genres 6919:Roguelike Roundup 6862:978-0-692-50186-3 6430:GamesIndustry.biz 5074:Shaw, Cassandra. 4932:978-1-4354-6082-9 4766:978-1-56881-411-7 4150:Games and Culture 4094:. June 12, 2017. 3489:978-3-540-39396-2 3284:Slashie's Journal 3114:Vampire Survivors 3103:Enter the Gungeon 2981:was developed by 2731:Final Fantasy XIV 2469:experience points 2186:Tales of Maj'Eyal 2029:complex cave maze 1912: 1911: 1902:Tales of Maj'Eyal 1183:living card games 1170:Vampire Survivors 1161:Enter the Gungeon 1116:ToeJam & Earl 811:emergent gameplay 590:experience points 498:Usenet newsgroups 399:Tales of Maj'Eyal 349:terminal emulator 285:role-playing game 274: 273: 16:(Redirected from 8047: 8000:Video game clone 7716: 7712:Related concepts 7519:Vehicular combat 7374: 7247:Digital tabletop 7227:Interactive film 7187:Grand Theft Auto 7178:Action-adventure 7171: 7128:Platform fighter 7007:Platform fighter 6990: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6934: 6928:7 Day Roguelikes 6866: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6748: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6631:. 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Archived from 5856: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5561: 5555: 5542: 5536: 5535:from Milenio.com 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5510:. Archived from 5497: 5491: 5490: 5489:. July 13, 2017. 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5446: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5166: 5157: 5154: 5141: 5138: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5043: 5042:(March 12, 2007) 5026: 5020: 5017: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4990:. 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This includes 1216:computer hackers 971: 967: 963: 959: 951: 913:Early roguelikes 776: 598:magic capability 524: 520: 357: 308:player character 283:) is a style of 266: 259: 252: 175:Player character 65: 46: 21: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8014: 7978: 7969:Twitch gameplay 7894: 7858: 7820: 7707: 7659:Survival horror 7632: 7582:Time management 7544: 7523: 7514:Train simulator 7473: 7438: 7410: 7363: 7301: 7271: 7241: 7198: 7172: 7159: 7099: 7095:Survival horror 7076: 7011: 6979: 6966: 6961: 6909:Wayback Machine 6874: 6869: 6863: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6750: 6749: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6699: 6697: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6539: 6537: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6422: 6421: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6285: 6284: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5873:on May 22, 2011 5858: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5842: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5745: 5743: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5580: 5578: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5552:Wayback Machine 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5514:on May 12, 2013 5499: 5498: 5494: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5448: 5447: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5168: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5144: 5139: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5046: 5036:Wayback Machine 5027: 5023: 5018: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4767: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4561: 4560: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4531:Hard Core Gamer 4523: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4439:on June 7, 2013 4424: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4323: 4322: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4012: 4011: 3992: 3987: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3944: 3943: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3802: 3801: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3744: 3743: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3538: 3523: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3490: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3422: 3421: 3410: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3336: 3334: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3277: 3276: 3267: 3253: 3251: 3236:rec.games.moria 3225: 3224: 3220: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3154: 3140: 2999:Edmund McMillen 2899: 2833:Dragon Fin Soup 2815: 2811:in 2012, while 2775: 2740: 2691:Mystery Dungeon 2686:Mystery Dungeon 2682:Mystery Dungeon 2675:Mystery Dungeon 2631:Mystery Dungeon 2623:Mystery Dungeon 2573: 2564:Mystery Dungeon 2555:Koichi Nakamura 2513:Fatal Labyrinth 2500: 2496:Mystery Dungeon 2417: 2337:Terry Pratchett 2327: 2316: 2301: 2258: 2202: 2155:Zelazny Angband 2114: 2057:data structures 1996: 1952:object-oriented 1931: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1905: 1841: 1773: 1754: 1699: 1685: 1630: 1614: 1536: 1516: 1433:was written by 1428: 1422: 1411: 1404: 1295: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1138: 1020: 969: 965: 961: 957: 949: 915: 868:Interpretation. 774: 653:text-based game 630: 544: 522: 518: 494: 411:Mystery Dungeon 355: 304:permanent death 270: 195:Threefold model 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8053: 8051: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8027: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7986: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7964:Side-scrolling 7961: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7944: 7939: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7902: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7809:Climate change 7806: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7779: 7767: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7668: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7626:Grand strategy 7618: 7617: 7616: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7483: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7344: 7342:Monster-taming 7339: 7334: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7320:Looter shooter 7311: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7251: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7182: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7116:Hack and slash 7107: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7004: 7002:Endless runner 6998: 6996: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6916: 6899: 6893: 6884: 6873: 6872:External links 6870: 6868: 6867: 6861: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6809: 6776: 6758:Game Developer 6740: 6707: 6674: 6646: 6613: 6580: 6547: 6514: 6496:Game Developer 6481: 6463:Game Developer 6448: 6410: 6374: 6344: 6311: 6275: 6242: 6224:Game Developer 6209: 6176: 6145: 6127:IndieGames.com 6112: 6094:New York Times 6079: 6048: 6015: 5982: 5964:Game Developer 5949: 5931:Game Developer 5916: 5884: 5851: 5819: 5786: 5753: 5720: 5687: 5654: 5621: 5588: 5556: 5537: 5525: 5492: 5474: 5434: 5403: 5385:Game Set Watch 5370: 5352:Game Set Watch 5337: 5319: 5286: 5253: 5220: 5194: 5158: 5142: 5126: 5108:Game Set Watch 5093: 5066: 5044: 5021: 5005: 4971: 4953:Game Developer 4938: 4931: 4913: 4880: 4866: 4833: 4802: 4784: 4765: 4738: 4710: 4682: 4649: 4616: 4583: 4576: 4549: 4516: 4483: 4465:Game Developer 4450: 4417: 4384: 4351: 4311: 4278: 4245: 4209: 4176: 4157:(2): 115–135. 4139: 4109: 4083: 4074: 4056:Game Developer 4038: 3990: 3970: 3952:Game Developer 3930: 3912:Game Developer 3897: 3879:Game Developer 3864: 3828: 3810:Game Set Watch 3770: 3732: 3699: 3665: 3626: 3588: 3570:Game Developer 3552: 3536: 3521: 3503: 3488: 3470: 3448: 3408: 3377: 3347: 3301: 3265: 3218: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3163:Random dungeon 3160: 3153: 3150: 3139: 3136: 3130:, a roguelite 3123: 3122: 3110: 3099: 3087: 3080:Slay the Spire 3076: 2898: 2895: 2855:Dwarf Fortress 2739: 2736: 2664:Etrian Odyssey 2600:Dragon Quest 4 2519:Dragon Crystal 2499: 2493: 2416: 2415:Other variants 2413: 2201: 2195: 2033:J.R.R. Tolkien 1995: 1989: 1944:software forks 1913: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1847:Other Variants 1845: 1843: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1779:Other Variants 1777: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1691:Other Variants 1689: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1621: 1620:Other Variants 1618: 1616: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542:Other Variants 1540: 1538: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1488:Dennis Ritchie 1424:Main article: 1421: 1416: 1294: 1291: 1211: 1208: 1200: 1197: 1192:Slay the Spire 1137: 1134: 1122:Dwarf Fortress 1067:roguelike-like 1052:learning curve 1019: 1016: 982:semiotic codes 914: 911: 889:grave markings 873: 872: 869: 865: 862: 859: 852: 851: 847: 844:hack and slash 840: 823: 807: 796: 785: 778: 760:stored session 754:The game uses 752: 734:random dungeon 732:The game uses 706:Game Set Watch 629: 626: 543: 540: 493: 490: 469:Slay the Spire 418:, inspired by 339:, which is an 272: 271: 269: 268: 261: 254: 246: 243: 242: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 207: 206: 200: 199: 198: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 129: 128: 124: 123: 122: 121: 116: 111: 110: 109: 99: 97:Monster-taming 94: 89: 88: 87: 74: 73: 67: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 24: 18:Roguelike-like 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8052: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7854:Single-player 7852: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599:Tower defense 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7540:Immersive sim 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7429:City-building 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7332:Dungeon crawl 7330: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7297:Tile-matching 7295: 7293: 7292: 7288: 7286: 7285:Hidden object 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7255:Deck-building 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7170: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090:Battle royale 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6953: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6891:Google Groups 6888: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6777: 6769:September 16, 6764: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6711: 6708: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6678: 6675: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6650: 6647: 6639:September 23, 6634: 6630: 6629: 6628:Game Informer 6624: 6617: 6614: 6606:September 23, 6601: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6581: 6573:September 23, 6568: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6551: 6548: 6540:September 23, 6535: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6518: 6515: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6482: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6452: 6449: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6345: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6312: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6282: 6280: 6276: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6246: 6243: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6210: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6180: 6177: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6146: 6133: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6116: 6113: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6083: 6080: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6049: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6019: 6016: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5983: 5970: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5953: 5950: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5920: 5917: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5852: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5823: 5820: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5790: 5787: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5757: 5754: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5724: 5721: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5702:Worth Playing 5698: 5691: 5688: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5655: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5609: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5589: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5526: 5513: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5404: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5374: 5371: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5290: 5287: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5254: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5224: 5221: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5195: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5006: 4993: 4989: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4972: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4834: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4711: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4653: 4650: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4620: 4617: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4587: 4584: 4579: 4577:9781000362046 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4520: 4517: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4484: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4451: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4421: 4418: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4385: 4377:September 14, 4372: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4355: 4352: 4344:September 15, 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4299: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4282: 4279: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4246: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4180: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4151: 4143: 4140: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3923:September 28, 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3868: 3865: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3522:0-935696-02-4 3518: 3514: 3507: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3302: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3094:which uses a 3093: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2904: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2886:survival game 2883: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2809:crowd funding 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2642:Final Fantasy 2638: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619:over 25 games 2616: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2427:descendants. 2426: 2422: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2382:, he came to 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2368:Thomas Biskup 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306:Izchak Miller 2300: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163:Roger Zelazny 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1917: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1882: 1880: 1854: 1850: 1840: 1820: 1818: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1771: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1711: 1707: 1698: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1628: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1572: 1564: 1562: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1535: 1534: 1521: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1435:Glenn Wichman 1432: 1427: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382:GammaQuest II 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:Commodore PET 1363: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1287:replayability 1282: 1280: 1279: 1275:(1978), and 1274: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1206: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1165:shooter games 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:platform game 1150: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1030:Abyss Odyssey 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 985: 983: 979: 975: 955: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 925:in ASCII mode 924: 919: 912: 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Retrieved 6822:Rogue Temple 6821: 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6789: 6779: 6767:. Retrieved 6756: 6731:. Retrieved 6720: 6710: 6700:February 12, 6698:. Retrieved 6687: 6677: 6667:September 9, 6665:. Retrieved 6659: 6649: 6637:. Retrieved 6633:the original 6626: 6616: 6604:. Retrieved 6593: 6583: 6571:. Retrieved 6560: 6550: 6538:. Retrieved 6529:Venture Beat 6527: 6517: 6507:December 20, 6505:. Retrieved 6494: 6484: 6472:. Retrieved 6461: 6451: 6439:. Retrieved 6428: 6401:. Retrieved 6390: 6365:. Retrieved 6347: 6337:December 23, 6335:. Retrieved 6324: 6314: 6304:December 23, 6302:. Retrieved 6291: 6266:. Retrieved 6257:The Escapist 6255: 6245: 6233:. Retrieved 6222: 6212: 6202:November 14, 6200:. Retrieved 6191:The Escapist 6189: 6179: 6167:. Retrieved 6148: 6136:. Retrieved 6125: 6115: 6103:. Retrieved 6092: 6082: 6072:November 16, 6070:. Retrieved 6061: 6051: 6041:November 16, 6039:. Retrieved 6028: 6018: 6006:. Retrieved 5995: 5985: 5973:. Retrieved 5962: 5952: 5940:. Retrieved 5929: 5919: 5907:. Retrieved 5896: 5887: 5875:. Retrieved 5871:the original 5864: 5854: 5843:, retrieved 5832: 5822: 5812:November 17, 5810:. Retrieved 5799: 5789: 5779:December 19, 5777:. Retrieved 5766: 5756: 5746:December 19, 5744:. Retrieved 5733: 5723: 5713:December 19, 5711:. Retrieved 5700: 5690: 5680:December 19, 5678:. Retrieved 5667: 5664:"DS Roundup" 5657: 5647:February 10, 5645:. Retrieved 5634: 5624: 5614:February 10, 5612:. Retrieved 5601: 5591: 5579:. Retrieved 5575:the original 5568: 5559: 5540: 5528: 5516:. Retrieved 5512:the original 5505: 5495: 5486: 5477: 5465:. Retrieved 5454: 5425:. Retrieved 5416: 5406: 5396:November 12, 5394:. Retrieved 5383: 5373: 5363:November 12, 5361:. Retrieved 5350: 5340: 5310:. Retrieved 5299: 5289: 5279:November 12, 5277:. Retrieved 5266: 5256: 5246:November 12, 5244:. Retrieved 5233: 5223: 5211:. Retrieved 5197: 5185:. Retrieved 5174: 5119:December 29, 5117:. Retrieved 5106: 5096: 5084:. Retrieved 5069: 5024: 4996:. 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Retrieved 3221: 3213: 3191: 3141: 3125: 3124: 3119:shoot 'em up 3112: 3108:shoot 'em up 3101: 3089: 3078: 3073:Metroidvania 3066: 3061: 3055: 3054:McMillen of 3053: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3010:Rogue Legacy 3008: 3002: 2994: 2993:stated that 2991:Jason Rohrer 2978: 2968: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2937: 2929: 2923: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2890: 2881:UnReal World 2879: 2871:SanctuaryRPG 2869: 2863: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2831: 2830:(2011), and 2825: 2819: 2812: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2780:David Brevik 2772: 2766: 2755: 2747: 2729: 2720: 2716:Shining Soul 2714: 2708: 2704:Azure Dreams 2702: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2609:Dragon Quest 2608: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2593:benefit for 2590:Dragon Quest 2589: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2545:Dragon Quest 2543: 2538: 2527: 2517: 2511: 2504:home console 2501: 2495: 2484:Dungeon Hack 2482: 2472: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2331: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2281: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2251: 2250:to recreate 2243: 2239: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2215:Brian Harvey 2204: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2138: 2130: 2128: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2096: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2052: 2048: 2043:, akin to a 2037:Middle Earth 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1950:, including 1939: 1935: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1915: 1900: 1838: 1768: 1749: 1696: 1680: 1625: 1609: 1531: 1503: 1491: 1484:Ken Thompson 1479: 1478: 1465: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1430: 1429: 1418: 1408: 1401: 1398:Commodore 64 1393: 1381: 1373: 1361: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1247:PLATO system 1240: 1237:high fantasy 1232: 1228: 1222: 1213: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1145:action games 1142: 1139: 1128:Ars Technica 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1079:Rogue Legacy 1078: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1044:action games 1040: 1028: 1021: 1009: 1003: 993: 986: 953: 947: 928: 922: 900: 896: 892: 881:leaderboards 874: 853: 834: 827: 814: 803: 798:The game is 787:The game is 780:The game is 771: 767: 737: 727: 722: 718: 714: 710: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 670: 655: 649: 642: 631: 628:Key features 610: 587: 551: 545: 526: 514: 510: 506: 502: 495: 479: 473: 467: 461: 455: 449: 439: 435: 431: 427: 424: 419: 409: 403: 397: 391: 385: 379: 373: 367: 364:sprite-based 352: 334: 328: 326: 319: 312:high fantasy 280: 276: 275: 119:Tactical RPG 113: 37: 29: 7911:Hypercasual 7832:Multiplayer 7748:Educational 7698:Programming 7693:Photography 7666:Incremental 7462:Kart racing 7406:Virtual pet 7237:Walking sim 7212:Escape room 7111:Beat 'em up 7050:Bullet hell 6474:February 4, 6138:November 6, 6008:November 4, 5975:December 8, 5467:January 17, 5427:November 9, 5312:December 8, 5213:January 18, 4895:TouchArcade 4703:October 27, 4675:November 4, 4642:October 12, 4498:Destructoid 4304:January 22, 4260:Destructoid 4227:Kill Screen 3658:January 18, 3294:October 14, 3096:rhythm game 3045:Skinner Box 2920:Digital Eel 2846:(2013) and 2778:s creator, 2516:(1990) and 2354:(1994), or 2071:(short for 2059:within the 2045:boss battle 1948:data typing 1500:source code 1321:Dragon Maze 1187:Dream Quest 1090:random seed 1048:platformers 1035:beat 'em up 1008:(2017) and 921:A level in 568:points and 525:, based on 8029:Categories 7952:Open world 7863:Production 7784:Nonviolent 7467:Sim racing 7434:Government 7369:Simulation 7060:Twin-stick 6994:Platformer 6896:Roguebasin 6878:Roguelikes 6832:August 31, 6802:August 31, 6441:August 30, 6403:August 30, 6367:January 1, 6235:August 31, 6105:August 30, 5801:Siliconera 5768:Siliconera 4998:August 31, 4238:January 4, 4132:August 10, 4102:August 10, 3963:August 30, 3715:RogueBasin 3430:New Yorker 3179:References 3068:Dead Cells 3040:100 Rogues 2987:platformer 2925:Starflight 2918:(2005) by 2710:Dark Cloud 2529:Cave Noire 2073:UNIX Moria 2047:. As with 2017:VAX-11/780 1965:, such as 1470:VAX-11/780 1457:Ken Arnold 1362:GammaQuest 1203:See also: 1101:edge cases 1077:, such as 1075:boss fight 1063:rogue-lite 877:multi-user 820:cockatrice 789:grid-based 782:turn-based 756:permadeath 613:fog of war 606:turn-based 602:permadeath 594:hit points 566:attributes 532:Doom clone 360:character- 281:rogue-like 228:Roguelikes 190:Statistics 150:GNS theory 80:Action RPG 7738:Christian 7726:Advergame 7614:Artillery 7347:Roguelike 7325:Soulslike 7204:Adventure 7040:Light gun 6733:March 25, 6661:The Verge 6326:Eurogamer 6169:August 7, 6062:MakeUseOf 5942:March 18, 5669:Eurogamer 4816:MakeUseOf 4725:The Verge 4568:CRC Press 4067:March 22, 3890:March 19, 3857:March 29, 3763:April 24, 3682:MakeUseOf 3619:March 19, 3498:166468859 3387:Newsgroup 3357:Newsgroup 3315:Newsgroup 3232:Newsgroup 3198:Newsgroup 3184:Citations 3138:Community 2939:Deathmaze 2865:Minecraft 2793:Telengard 2651:based on 2396:overworld 2342:Discworld 2219:PDP-11/70 2009:Adventure 1956:scripting 1453:Adventure 1449:Adventure 1444:Star Trek 1327:predated 1229:Adventure 1195:in 2017. 1174:enemies. 1037:gameplay. 989:Isometric 943:ASCII art 902:Crossfire 879:systems, 800:non-modal 639:Isometric 414:games by 277:Roguelike 213:Free MMOs 185:RPG terms 114:Roguelike 85:Soulslike 71:Subgenres 7990:Minigame 7942:Masocore 7888:Fan game 7758:Licensed 7683:Non-game 7554:Strategy 7424:Business 7123:Fighting 7082:Survival 7067:Tactical 6923:Kuro5hin 6905:Archived 6826:Archived 6796:Archived 6763:Archived 6727:Archived 6694:Archived 6600:Archived 6567:Archived 6534:Archived 6501:Archived 6468:Archived 6435:Archived 6397:Archived 6361:Archived 6331:Archived 6298:Archived 6262:Archived 6229:Archived 6196:Archived 6163:Archived 6132:Archived 6099:Archived 6066:Archived 6035:Archived 6002:Archived 5997:PC Gamer 5969:Archived 5936:Archived 5903:Archived 5877:July 14, 5845:June 16, 5839:archived 5806:Archived 5773:Archived 5740:Archived 5707:Archived 5674:Archived 5641:Archived 5608:Archived 5581:June 24, 5548:Archived 5518:April 4, 5461:Archived 5421:Archived 5390:Archived 5357:Archived 5306:Archived 5273:Archived 5240:Archived 5207:Archived 5181:Archived 5176:Engadget 5113:Archived 5086:April 4, 5080:Archived 5032:Archived 4964:June 12, 4958:Archived 4900:Archived 4859:March 1, 4820:Archived 4771:Archived 4669:Archived 4636:Archived 4609:July 31, 4603:Archived 4536:Archived 4509:March 5, 4503:Archived 4476:March 5, 4470:Archived 4404:Archived 4399:PC Gamer 4371:Archived 4330:Insights 4298:Archived 4265:Archived 4232:Archived 4196:Archived 4171:64436113 4126:Archived 4096:Archived 4061:Archived 4025:Archived 3957:Archived 3917:Archived 3884:Archived 3757:Archived 3719:Archived 3686:Archived 3652:Archived 3647:PC Gamer 3638:PC Gamer 3613:Archived 3575:Archived 3531:13642005 3435:Archived 3331:Archived 3288:Archived 3248:Archived 3152:See also 3029:Spelunky 3015:Spelunky 2995:Spelunky 2983:Derek Yu 2979:Spelunky 2970:Spelunky 2868:, while 2824:(2006), 2771:(1996). 2540:Chunsoft 2524:Game Boy 2477:(2006). 2173:ZAngband 2151:ZAngband 2065:bestiary 1839:ZAngband 1508:Olivetti 1496:BSD UNIX 1309:Apple II 1269:(1978), 1265:(1975), 1149:Spelunky 1113:series, 1097:US Gamer 1083:metagame 1014:(2013). 974:keyboard 897:MAngband 764:cheating 582:monsters 550:such as 451:Spelunky 416:Chunsoft 345:terminal 318:such as 291:through 7957:Sandbox 7799:Serious 7732:Bishōjo 7649:Fitness 7621:Wargame 7479:Vehicle 7452:Fishing 7391:Farming 7291:Sokoban 7155:Stealth 7141:Pac-Man 7017:Shooter 6595:Polygon 6562:Polygon 6293:Polygon 5909:May 28, 5866:1UP.com 5735:Joystiq 5507:1UP.com 5456:USGamer 5268:USGamer 4848:1UP.com 4731:July 2, 4443:July 1, 4410:June 6, 4020:USGamer 3846:1UP.com 3752:GameSpy 3395:Usenet: 3389:: 3365:Usenet: 3359:: 3337:May 17, 3323:Usenet: 3317:: 3254:May 17, 3240:Usenet: 3234:: 3206:Usenet: 3200:: 2962:brawler 2930:NetHack 2891:NetHack 2813:NetHack 2788:NetHack 2722:Baroque 2654:Pokémon 2636:Chocobo 2621:in the 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