1049:
966:) and from there soon spread into Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Dorset, and for the first half of the 20th century, most roe deer in Southern England were to be found in these counties. By the end of the 20th century, they had repopulated much of southern England and had expanded into Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire, and had even spread into Wales from the Ludlow area where an isolated population had appeared. At the same time, the surviving population in Scotland and the Lake District had pushed further south beyond Yorkshire and Lancashire and into Derbyshire and Humberside.
42:
56:
831:
855:
107:
1065:, including open agricultural areas and above the tree line, but a requisite factor is access to food and cover. It retreats to dense woodland, especially among conifers, or bramble scrub when it must rest, but it is very opportunistic and a hedgerow may be good enough. Roe deer in the southern Czech Republic live in almost completely open agricultural land. The animal is more likely to be spotted in places with nearby forests to retreat to. A
643:
82:
893:-like fur which disappears later on after the hair's blood supply is lost. Males may speed up the process by rubbing their antlers on trees, so that their antlers are hard and stiff for the duels during the mating season. Unlike most cervids, roe deer begin regrowing antlers almost immediately after they are shed. In rare cases, some bucks possess only a single antler branch, the result of a genetic defect.
243:
1114:
847:
839:
1105:(breeding season) in July and August. Initially the female goes looking for a mate and commonly lures the buck back into her territory before mating. The roe deer is territorial, and while the territories of a male and a female might overlap, other roe deer of the same sex are excluded unless they are the doe's offspring of that year.
1131:
1314:, 10.8–10 thousand years ago, it appears to have disappeared again from this region. It reappeared 9.7–9.5 thousand years ago, reaching northern central Europe. The modern population in this area appears to have recolonised it from the Carpathians and/or further east, but not the Balkans or other refugia. This is opposite to the
1143:(3.3–9.8 ft) in diameter. In 1956 it was speculated based on some field evidence that they choose where to form rings around plants with ergot mould, but this has not been substantiated further. Males may also use their antlers to shovel around fallen foliage and soil as a way of attracting a mate. Roebucks enter rutting
1242:. Frozen roe venison should not be stored longer than 10 to 12 months at −25 °C (−13 °F) to maintain a high quality. Storage time and quality can decrease if the bullet has travelled through the digestive tract and contaminated the meat. The meat, like most game meat, is darker in colour than most farmed meat.
1100:
When alarmed it will bark a sound much like a dog and flash out its white rump patch. Rump patches differ between the sexes, with the white rump patches heart-shaped on females and kidney-shaped on males. Males may also bark or make a low grunting noise. Does (the females) make a high-pitched "pheep"
1014:
in County Sligo in
Ireland around 1870 by Sir Henry Gore-Booth. The Lissadell roe deer were noted for their occasional abnormal antlers and survived in that general area for about 50 years before they died out. According to the National Biodiversity Data Centre, in 2014 there was a confirmed sighting
862:
The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95–135 cm (3 ft 1 in – 4 ft 5 in) throughout its range, and a shoulder height of 63–67 cm (2 ft 1 in – 2 ft 2 in), and a weight of 15–35 kg (35–75 lb). Populations from
813:
22% of the animals around Moscow carry the mtDNA of the
European roe deer and 78% of the Siberian. In the Volgograd region, the European roe deer predominates. In the Stavropol and Dnipropetrovsk regions of Ukraine, most of the deer are Siberian roe deer. In northeastern Poland there is also evidence
1155:
usually give birth the following June, after a 10-month gestation period, typically to two spotted fawns of opposite sexes. The fawns remain hidden in long grass from predators; they are suckled by their mother several times a day for around three months. Young female roe deer can begin to reproduce
1226:
of great economic value in Europe, providing large amounts of meat and earning millions of euros in sport hunting. In 1998, some 2,500,000 roe deer were shot per year in
Western Europe. In Germany alone, 700,000 were shot a year in the 1990s. This is insufficient to slow down the population growth,
1174:
Population structure is modified by available nutrition, where populations are irrupting there are few animals over six years old. Where populations are stagnant or moribund, there is huge fawn mortality and a large part of the population is over seven years old. Mortality is highest in the first
929:
the roe deer was mostly confined to the hilly regions in the east, but like in neighbouring countries the population has expanded in recent times. A theory is that the expansion of maize cultivation, which are higher than traditional crops and afford more shelter, has aided their expansion to the
1023:
In the
Netherlands, roe deer were extirpated from the entirety of the country except for two small areas around 1875. As new forests were planted in the country in the 20th century, the population began to expand rapidly. Although it was a protected species in 1950, the population is no longer
969:
In the 1970s, the species was still completely absent from Wales. Roe deer can now be found in most of rural
England except for southeast Kent and parts of Wales; anywhere in the UK mainland suitable for roe deer may have a population. Not being a species that needs large areas of woodland to
938:
In
England and Wales, roe deer have experienced a substantial expansion in their range in the latter half of the 20th century and continuing into the 21st century. This increase in population also appears to be affecting woodland ecosystems. At the start of the 20th century, they were almost
1142:
roe deer males clash over territory in early summer and mate in early autumn. During courtship, when the males chase the females, they often flatten the underbrush, leaving behind areas of the forest in the shape of a circle or figure eight called 'roe rings'. These tend to be 1–3 m
1277:
As of 2008 over 3,000 fossil specimens of this species have been recovered from Europe, which affords a good set of data to elucidate the prehistoric distribution. The distribution of the
European species has fluctuated often since entering Europe. During the some periods during the
3247:
Martin, J.; Vourc’h, G.; Bonnot, N.; Cargnelutti, B.; Chaval, Y.; Lourtet, B.; Goulard, M.; Hoch, T.; Plantard, O.; Hewison, A. J. M. & Morellet, N. (2018). "Temporal shifts in landscape connectivity for an ecosystem engineer, the roe deer, across a multiple-use landscape".
1121:
It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will generally not venture into a field that has or has had livestock in it.
871:
are larger on average growing to 145 cm (4 ft 9 in) in length and 85 cm (2 ft 9 in) at shoulder height, with body weights of up to 60 kg (130 lb), with the populations becoming smaller again further east in the
797:
where their distributions meet, and there is now a broad 'hybridization zone' running from the right side of the Volga River up to eastern Poland. It is extremely difficult for hunters to know which species they have bagged. In line with
589:, it has been used by other authors before him. Nonetheless, his publication is seen as taxonomically acceptable. He was generally ignored until the 20th century, most 19th-century works having continued to follow Linnaeus.
1325:
the two species of roe deer were kept apart due to hunting pressure and an abundance of predators; the different species may have met in the period just before that, and yet, during the Ice Age they were also kept apart.
884:
regions. In healthy populations, where population density is restricted by hunting or predators, bucks are slightly larger than does. Under other conditions, males can be similar in size to females, or slightly smaller.
954:, and a general warming climate over the past 200 years. Furthermore, there are no large predators in Britain. In some cases, roe deer have been introduced with human help. In 1884 roe deer were introduced from
1040:, with the first deer being released in 1996. 24 to 29 animals had been released by 2006. Some of the reintroduced animals were hand-reared and could be monitored by their responses to their keeper calls.
888:
Bucks in good conditions develop antlers up to 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long with two or three, rarely even four, points. When the male's antlers begin to regrow, they are covered in a thin layer of
1171:. It is extremely fecund and can double its population every year; it shows a retarded reaction to population density with females continuing to have a similar fecundity at high population densities.
1081:
period in Europe when farming humans began to colonise the continent from the Middle East, the roe deer was abundant, taking advantage of areas of forest or woodland cleared by
Neolithic farmers.
1032:
In 1991, a breeding colony of 27 roe deer coming from France, Hungary and Italy were brought in the Hai-Bar Carmel
Reserve. A small number of this roe deer population has been reintroduced to the
962:, and these spread to populate most of Norfolk, Suffolk, and substantial parts of Cambridgeshire. In southern England, they started their expansion in Sussex (possibly from enclosed stock in
1816:; Shurkhal, A. V.; Danilkin, A. A.; Podogas, A.V.; Rakitskaya, T.A.; Markov, G.G. (1986). "A comparative analysis of electrophoretic spectra of blood and muscle tissue proteins of European (
1024:
considered threatened and it has lost legal protection. As of 2016 there are some 110,000 roe deer in the country. The population is primarily kept in check through the efforts of hunters.
592:
Roe deer populations gradually become somewhat larger as one moves further to the east, peaking in
Kazakhstan, then becoming smaller again towards the Pacific Ocean. The Soviet mammalogist
305:. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the
1360:, derived from 'to be red', is listed as the third species of animal that may be eaten. In most Bibles this word has usually been translated as 'roe deer', and it still means as much in
2915:
Ghoddousi, Arash; Bleyhl, Benjamin; Sichau, Clara; Ashayeri, Delaram; Moghadas, Peyman; Sepahvand, Pooriya; Hamidi, Amirhossein Kh; Soofi, Mahmood; Kuemmerle, Tobias (25 June 2020).
810:
was sometimes needed to birth the fawns, becoming larger than their mothers at the age of 4–5 months. F1 hybrid males may be sterile, but backcrosses with the females are possible.
603:
to show differences in the fractional protein content of the body tissues. Fawns, females and males make different noises between species. Alexander S. Graphodatsky looked at the
3075:
1663:
Waxenberger, Gaby (2006). "The Yew-Rune and the Runes Haglaz, Gyfu, Ior, and Is in the Old English Corpus". In Stoklund, Marie; Nielsen, Michael Lerche; et al. (eds.).
444:
In the English language, this deer was originally simply called a 'roe', but over time the word 'roe' has become a qualifier, and it is now usually called 'roe deer'.
1274:, however, because the two extant species split from each other 1.375 and 2.75 Myr ago, and the western species first appeared in Europe 600 thousand years ago.
8457:
1318:, which recolonised Europe from Iberia. There has been much admixture of these populations where they meet, also possibly due to human intervention in some cases.
8535:
2063:
Lee, Yun Sun; Markov, Nickolay; Argunov, Alexander; Voloshina, Inna; Bayarlkhagva, Damdingiin; Kim, Baek-Jun; Min, Mi-Sook; Lee, Hang; Kim, Kyung Seok (2016).
8615:
728:) interpretation among a number of them. Two main specialists did not recognise these taxa and considered the species to be without subspecies in 2001. The
1970:
Vorobieva, N.V.; Sherbakov, D.Y.; Druzhkova, A.S.; Stanyon, R.; Tsybankov, A.A.; Vasil'ev, S.K.; Shunkov, M.V.; Trifonov, V.A.; Graphodatsky, A.S. (2011).
1772:
479:, was originally thought to refer to this species (in many European translations of the Bible), although it is now more often believed to refer to the
1156:
when they are around six months old. During the mating season, a male roe deer may mount the same doe several times over a duration of several hours.
3109:
1164:
A roe deer can live up to 20 years, but it usually does not reach such an age. A normal life span in the wild is seven to eight years, or ten years.
8431:
978:, where in particular they favour cemeteries. In Wales, they are least common, but they are reasonably well established in Powys and Monmouthshire.
1048:
8470:
654:
1175:
weeks after birth due to predation, or sometimes farm machinery; or in the first winter due to starvation or disease, with up to 90% mortality.
3856:
3189:
943:, but since then have hugely expanded their range, mostly due to restrictions and decrease in hunting, increases in forests and reductions in
3303:
2153:
1514:
Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I
8665:
2646:
3773:
8660:
8640:
3733:
3670:"1 Kings 4 23 Commentaries ten fat oxen, twenty pasture-fed oxen, a hundred sheep besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl"
909:. In the Mediterranean region, it is largely confined to mountainous areas, and is absent or rare at low altitudes. There is an early
3086:
2603:
1674:
1573:
8496:
2227:
991:
232:
8650:
8514:
2145:
8475:
607:
to present more evidence to recognise these Russian and Asian populations as a separate species, now renamed the eastern or
3320:
3127:
793:
have seen their populations increase, both around the 1930s. In recent times, since the 1960s, the two species have become
8522:
4208:
1743:
1287:
1037:
422:
41:
3042:
1641:
8625:
4997:
2033:
1885:
1843:
1813:
1534:
1102:
593:
8509:
8353:
8592:
8410:
2131:
1093:
habitats (such as forests) during the day. They are likelier to venture into more open habitats at night and during
55:
8655:
4277:
3849:
2595:
1399:
619:
106:
8540:
8423:
7254:
4199:
4190:
3483:
Youssefi, Mohammad Reza; Hoseini, Seyed Hossein; Mobedi, Iraj; Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad; Ekrami, Behrang (2014).
762:, and, counter-intuitively, the three species in this group, called the Capreolini, are most closely related to
8645:
2778:
English Nature Research Reports Number 548 Proceedings of the Future for Deer Conference 28 & 29 March 2003
1386:', and in other English Bible translations the word has been translated as a number of different species. When
1185:
7041:
2500:
Olano-Marin, Juanita; Plis, Kamila; Sönnichsen, L.; Borowik, T.; Niedziałkowska, M.; Jędrzejewska, B. (2014).
8321:
3294:
Boyle, K. V. (2006). "The Roe Deer: Conservation of a Native Species". In Serjeantson, D.; Field, D. (eds.).
1429:
roe deer were exceedingly rare in history, and they were regarded as national treasures or sacred animals in
7690:
7203:
7083:
4979:
4639:
4120:
1139:
830:
681:
468:
2853:"Evolution of population genetic structure of the British roe deer by natural and anthropogenic processes (
8635:
8283:
4741:
4447:
4366:
2967:
Karimi, Sorour; Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza; Esfahani, Mostafa Tarkesh; Baltzinger, Christophe (31 August 2020).
1921:"Reconstruction of the Putative Cervidae Ancestral Karyotype by Chromosome Painting of Siberian Roe Deer (
999:
8358:
8574:
5146:
4375:
4259:
3842:
3691:
1976:
Fossil DNA from Denisova Cave Reveals Phylogenetic Relationships between Ancient and Modern Populations"
1739:
725:
211:
7891:
6921:
3164:
822:. In some cases, such as around Moscow, former introductions of European stock is likely responsible.
8379:
8330:
8198:
7964:
7955:
7900:
7525:
7489:
7462:
6870:
6861:
6306:
6297:
4663:
4522:
4465:
4411:
3819:
3594:
3257:
2980:
2928:
2868:
2521:
2466:
2080:
1987:
1715:
1416:
1283:
1152:
1074:
1097:
periods when there is less ambient activity. It scrapes leaf litter off the ground to make a 'bed'.
8630:
8144:
7846:
7837:
7585:
7453:
7426:
7362:
7023:
6903:
6852:
4531:
4438:
4029:
1479:
1405:
1391:
1279:
951:
737:
562:
71:
1505:
497:
8231:
8222:
7516:
6641:
6367:
5844:
5835:
5554:
4988:
4456:
4268:
4250:
4129:
3458:
3375:
3273:
3219:
2946:
2833:
2482:
2401:
1952:
1867:
1791:
1724:
1394:, the King James Bible interpretation was chosen, despite the fallow deer being fallow, not red.
819:
696:
255:
101:
8579:
7594:
7534:
7498:
7444:
7417:
7408:
7032:
7014:
6948:
854:
8462:
1015:
of roe deer in County Armagh. There have been other, unconfirmed, sightings in County Wicklow.
8620:
8561:
8366:
7864:
7855:
7543:
7471:
7399:
7230:
7212:
7065:
6015:
5410:
5401:
5253:
5155:
4934:
4901:
4844:
4714:
4241:
4102:
3781:
3629:
3514:
3367:
3299:
3211:
3008:
2894:
2785:
2683:
2599:
2549:
2393:
2339:
2159:
2149:
2106:
2015:
1944:
1670:
1569:
1420:
1291:
1259:
948:
906:
799:
790:
608:
2588:
2453:
Danilkin, A.; Plakhina, D.A.; Zvychaynaya, E. Y.; Domnich, A. V. (2017). "Siberian Roe Deer (
8566:
8335:
8258:
8012:
8003:
7882:
7723:
7714:
7507:
7179:
7170:
7118:
7109:
6957:
6930:
6843:
6623:
6231:
5657:
5648:
5638:
5611:
5332:
5201:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4166:
4157:
4093:
4020:
4011:
3602:
3553:
3504:
3450:
3410:
3357:
3265:
3201:
3139:
2998:
2988:
2969:"Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions"
2936:
2884:
2876:
2823:
2539:
2529:
2474:
2385:
2329:
2319:
2285:
2096:
2088:
2005:
1995:
1936:
1859:
1787:
1759:
1474:
1430:
1390:
was reconstructed to serve as the language of the future Israel in late Ottoman and British
1379:
1190:
1168:
1090:
995:
940:
807:
578:
242:
8587:
8488:
2917:"Mapping connectivity and conflict risk to identify safe corridors for the Persian leopard"
1214:
in Iran, it is a poor disperser of plant seeds, despite consuming relatively more of them.
8548:
7988:
7979:
7927:
7918:
7699:
6556:
6547:
6024:
5620:
4672:
4582:
4420:
4232:
4111:
4084:
4075:
3711:
3695:
2756:
2752:
1066:
1011:
959:
597:
476:
376:
2139:
3598:
3261:
2984:
2932:
2872:
2777:
2525:
2470:
2084:
1991:
1455:
Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R.; Giannatos, G. (2016).
487:
8418:
8405:
8188:
8126:
7756:
7747:
7272:
7221:
7142:
7133:
7074:
6912:
6614:
6436:
6427:
5982:
5949:
5931:
5419:
5229:
5104:
4943:
3931:
3903:
3509:
3484:
3439:"Irruptive potential in roe deer: Density-dependent effects on body mass and fertility"
3414:
3003:
2968:
2889:
2852:
2781:
2544:
2501:
2423:
2334:
2307:
2101:
2064:
2010:
1971:
1234:
in Europe. In the 2000s, there was growing interest among consumers in alternative and
1070:
955:
944:
881:
729:
642:
600:
523:
448:
339:
1850:
Gray, 1821) systematization: Morphological, ethological and hybridological analysis".
8609:
8483:
7813:
7795:
7681:
7618:
7609:
6668:
6403:
6376:
6147:
6057:
6048:
6033:
5898:
5862:
5817:
5754:
5745:
5262:
5220:
5113:
5079:
5069:
4970:
4952:
4615:
4564:
4474:
4038:
3669:
3620:
Petrosian, V. G.; Tokarskaia, O. N.; Danilkin, A. A.; Ryskov, A. P. (June 2002). "".
3438:
3394:
3143:
2950:
2365:
2289:
2269:
2239:
2127:
1889:
1697:
1465:
1456:
1387:
1335:
1311:
1148:
963:
890:
815:
430:
228:
91:
86:
3824:
3379:
2837:
1956:
1920:
1871:
1763:
8207:
8176:
8066:
7738:
7552:
7480:
7353:
7296:
7287:
7005:
6939:
6701:
6659:
6574:
6385:
6105:
6096:
5958:
5889:
5778:
5769:
5511:
5280:
4961:
4916:
4883:
4654:
4546:
4513:
4429:
3277:
3223:
2705:
2486:
2405:
1375:
1302:. When the last Ice Age ended the species initially abruptly expanded north of the
1255:
1235:
1033:
806:
are fertile, while male hybrids are not. Hybrids are much larger than normal and a
364:
8371:
3128:"Hand-rearing Roe deer Capreolus capreolus : practice and research potential"
901:
The roe deer is found in most areas of Europe, with the exception of northernmost
3606:
2534:
2000:
1664:
1644:(in German). RUNES: Forshungsproject der Akadmeia der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen
8527:
8501:
8444:
8315:
7828:
7576:
6738:
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6683:
6632:
6584:
6445:
6287:
5880:
5871:
5699:
5493:
5484:
5474:
5368:
5211:
5021:
5012:
4925:
4768:
4690:
4573:
4498:
4489:
3866:
2828:
2811:
1383:
1347:
1322:
1299:
1223:
1144:
1094:
987:
902:
877:
873:
778:
322:
178:
158:
3759:
3206:
3188:
Wallach, Arian D.; Shanas, Uri; Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.; Inbar, Moshe (July 2008).
2993:
2941:
2916:
2268:
Sommer, R.S.; Fahlke, J. M.; Schmölcke, U.; Benecke, N.; Zachos, F. E. (2008).
1863:
1516:(in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. p. 78.
1113:
7435:
7335:
7160:
6752:
6174:
6156:
5907:
5602:
5587:
5578:
5545:
5322:
5128:
5045:
5036:
4811:
4802:
4681:
4606:
4147:
3968:
3834:
3829:
3362:
3345:
3269:
2671:
2478:
2389:
1919:
Dementyeva, P.V.; Trifonov, V.A.; Kulemzina, A.I.; Graphodatsky, A.S. (2010).
868:
846:
759:
703:
appears to recognise the taxon, this work bases itself on a chapter by Lister
662:
464:
426:
8306:
3371:
2789:
2185:
1334:
Populations are increasing throughout Europe; it is considered a species of '
8392:
8135:
8056:
7909:
7780:
7771:
7245:
6819:
6810:
6795:
6786:
6650:
6222:
6006:
5940:
5826:
5341:
5137:
4826:
4750:
4630:
4181:
4066:
4056:
3950:
3941:
3647:
2163:
1239:
1207:
1078:
947:, changes in agriculture (more winter cereal crops), a massive reduction in
910:
838:
794:
774:
631:
604:
570:
472:
357:
346:
188:
118:
8102:
3633:
3558:
3533:
3518:
3215:
3012:
2898:
2553:
2397:
2343:
2110:
2019:
1948:
1409:
was originally a roe deer. When the story was adapted to the animated film
2620:
2457:
Pallas, 1771) in Ukraine: Analysis of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA".
2364:
Plakhina, D.A.; Zvychainaya, E.Yu.; Kholodova, M.V.; Danilkin, A. (2014).
1250:
Roe deer are thought to have evolved from a species in the Eurasian genus
8345:
8300:
8044:
7672:
7344:
7056:
6894:
6834:
6499:
6198:
5730:
5675:
5563:
5392:
4868:
4859:
4723:
4597:
4347:
4223:
3919:
3897:
3885:
1315:
1211:
1197:
926:
767:
558:
306:
138:
3126:
Wallach, A.; Inbar, M.; Lambert, R.; Cohen, S.; Shanas, U. (July 2007).
1719:
1262:, which moved from the east to Central Europe over the millennia, where
17:
8553:
8436:
8249:
8084:
7945:
7804:
7194:
6981:
6972:
6885:
6771:
6762:
6734:
6490:
6394:
6358:
6273:
6269:
6240:
6165:
5853:
5726:
5687:
5271:
5188:
5094:
4357:
4307:
4002:
3462:
2324:
1307:
1295:
1231:
1062:
975:
971:
741:
627:
531:
3532:
Daszkiewicz, Tomasz; Kubiak, Dorota; Panfil, Agata (18 October 2018).
3296:
Neolithic wild game animals in Western Europe: The question of hunting
3190:"Ectoparasites on Reintroduced Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus in Israel"
2812:"Ecological impacts of increasing numbers of deer in British woodland"
2506:) and Evidence of Introgressive Hybridization with Siberian Roe Deer (
2092:
1940:
1590:
8449:
8093:
7662:
7567:
7390:
7380:
6996:
6508:
6348:
6330:
6321:
6207:
6129:
6081:
6072:
5530:
5521:
5456:
5447:
5437:
5359:
4892:
4705:
4555:
3891:
3879:
2880:
1617:
1426:
1361:
970:
survive, urban roe deer are now a feature of several cities, notably
914:
495:
485:
460:
148:
128:
8277:
3454:
2731:
773:
Although roe deer were once classified as belonging to the Cervinae
396:
388:
380:
8397:
1130:
695:- A large-sized subspecies found in the region to the north of the
581:
in 1821, although he did not provide a proper description for this
8117:
8075:
7650:
7320:
7311:
6605:
6532:
6523:
6454:
6183:
6138:
5997:
5922:
5802:
5793:
5304:
5295:
4787:
4778:
3987:
3978:
1411:
1129:
1112:
1052:
Ultrasonography of the uterine pregnancy of a roe deer in Bulgaria
1047:
864:
853:
845:
837:
829:
803:
763:
641:
596:
had recognised this as a separate species from 1985 already using
582:
480:
2424:"[Experiments of hybridization of the roe and tartarian deer
2141:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
7263:
6593:
6481:
6463:
6120:
5973:
5377:
5244:
5060:
4334:
4295:
3573:
Valli, Andrea M. F. (1 February 2010). "Dispersion of the genus
3534:"The Effect of Long-Term Frozen Storage on the Quality of Meat (
3395:"Timing and synchrony of birth in a hider species, the roe deer
1303:
527:
332:
325:
298:
168:
8384:
8281:
8173:
8041:
7647:
6730:
6265:
5722:
5184:
4330:
3916:
3838:
7873:
6472:
6418:
5350:
4732:
3830:
A Roe Deer path with tracks through a Scottish pine plantation
2647:"Real-Life 'Unicorn' Found; Deer Has Extremely Rare Deformity"
1310:, 12.5–10.8 thousand years ago, but during the cooling of the
411:
1294:(two refugia here), southern France, Italy (likely two), the
453:
2308:"The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach"
2065:"Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Siberian roe deer,
1846:; Gromov, V.S. (1990). "The contemporary ideas on roe deer (
3825:
Roe Deer photos, distribution and information from Portugal
2374:
Pall.) roe deer hybrids by microsatellite marker analysis"
3697:
Entry for Fallow-deer in the Illustrated Bible Dictionary
1700:. In Andersen, R.; Duncan, P.; Linnell, J. D. C. (eds.).
1698:"Taxonomy, morphology and evolution of European roe deer"
1147:
during the July and August breeding season. Females are
301:. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a
3110:
Algemeen Dagblad; Hoera, daar ligt weer een dode otter
2732:
Headhunting; the distribution of deer in Great Britain
1704:. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. pp. 23–46.
626:
in 1993. Populations of the roe deer from east of the
2186:"Evidence for separate specific status of European (
518:, meaning 'billy goat', with the diminutive suffix -
8290:
8248:
8220:
8196:
8187:
8115:
8064:
8055:
8001:
7977:
7953:
7944:
7826:
7793:
7769:
7736:
7712:
7670:
7661:
7607:
7565:
7388:
7379:
7333:
7309:
7285:
7243:
7192:
7168:
7159:
7131:
7107:
7100:
7054:
6994:
6970:
6883:
6832:
6808:
6784:
6760:
6751:
6681:
6582:
6573:
6545:
6521:
6416:
6356:
6347:
6319:
6295:
6286:
6220:
6196:
6118:
6094:
6070:
6046:
5995:
5971:
5920:
5815:
5791:
5767:
5743:
5698:
5686:
5674:
5646:
5637:
5600:
5576:
5543:
5519:
5510:
5482:
5473:
5445:
5436:
5390:
5330:
5321:
5293:
5242:
5209:
5200:
5126:
5092:
5058:
5034:
5010:
4914:
4881:
4857:
4824:
4800:
4776:
4767:
4703:
4652:
4628:
4595:
4544:
4511:
4487:
4355:
4346:
4306:
4294:
4221:
4179:
4155:
4146:
4064:
4055:
4000:
3976:
3967:
3939:
3930:
3041:O’Rourke, Erin; Lysaght, Liam (22 September 2014).
1696:Lister, A. M.; Grubb, P.; Summer, S. R. M. (1998).
1374:) -it was still said to be a common species in the
736:recognised in 2005 two subspecies, but besides the
3121:
3119:
3117:
2587:
2198:Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
1792:"On the natural arrangement of Vertebrose Animals"
1568:. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
1227:and the roe deer continues to increase in number.
1089:In order to mitigate risk, roe deer remain within
585:. Gray was not actually the first to use the name
3774:"Rare white roe deer spotted in NE China's Jilin"
2851:Baker, Karis H.; Hoelzel, A. Rus (January 2013).
2753:"Roe deer numbers 'changing woodland ecosystems'"
2502:"Weak Population Structure in European Roe Deer (
1282:it was present in central Europe, but during the
3028:The Roe Deer: Their History, Habits, and Pursuit
2910:
2908:
2586:Macdonald, David W.; Barrett, Priscilla (1993).
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2301:
2299:
818:with the Siberian roe deer, which was likely an
711:, which only recognises the name as provisional.
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
565:the roe deer in the modern taxonomic system as
350:
3807:The Roe Deer: Conservation of a Native Species
3437:Andersen, Reidar; Linnell, John D. C. (2000).
3393:Linnell, John D. C.; Andersen, Reidar (1998).
3056:. National Biodiversity Data Centre. p. 6
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
1564:Wilson, Don E.; F. Russell Cole, eds. (2000).
1480:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42395A22161386.en
781:, which includes the deer from the New World.
740:form recognises the Spanish population as the
3850:
3242:
3240:
2962:
2960:
2621:"'Unicorn' deer is found in Italian preserve"
2417:
2415:
2270:"Quaternary history of the European roe deer
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
1702:The European roe deer: the biology of success
1669:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 385–414.
1499:
1497:
858:Moulting roe buck with freshly rubbed antlers
709:The European roe deer: the biology of success
434:
8:
3321:"Roe deer shenanigans at the Falls of Clyde"
3289:
3287:
2221:
2219:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1666:Runes and their secrets: Studies in Runology
1365:
1351:
634:to Korea are considered to be this species.
404:
2184:Hewison, A. J. M.; Danilkin, A. A. (2001).
1545:. United States Government. 17 January 2020
1061:This species can utilize a large number of
986:Roe deer are found in northern Iran in the
905:, Iceland, Ireland, and the islands of the
544:
536:
369:
8278:
8193:
8184:
8170:
8061:
8052:
8038:
7950:
7667:
7658:
7644:
7385:
7165:
7104:
6757:
6748:
6727:
6579:
6353:
6292:
6283:
6262:
5740:
5719:
5643:
5516:
5479:
5442:
5327:
5206:
5197:
5181:
4773:
4352:
4343:
4327:
4152:
4061:
3973:
3936:
3927:
3913:
3857:
3843:
3835:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
1776:(in French). Paris: Hachette. p. 261.
1254:, with some 10 species occurring from the
1183:It is a main prey of the Persian leopard (
622:) was first followed in the American book
526:is not entirely clear: it may have meant '
418:, meaning "streaked, spotted or striped".
410:. It is perhaps ultimately derived from a
241:
80:
54:
40:
31:
3557:
3508:
3361:
3205:
3002:
2992:
2940:
2888:
2827:
2543:
2533:
2333:
2323:
2100:
2009:
1999:
1619:A Modern English - Old English Dictionary
1478:
1397:Bambi, the titular character of the book
1270:) occurred. It may not have evolved from
1010:Scottish roe deer were introduced to the
777:, they are now classified as part of the
758:Roe deer are most closely related to the
467:and the works of various writers such as
3648:"Deuteronomy 14:5 Parallel Hebrew Texts"
2069:, in central and peripheral populations"
1888:; Громов, В.С.; Рутовская, М.В. (1987).
421:The word is attested on the 5th-century
3700:(3 ed.). Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson.
3298:. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 10–23.
2122:
2120:
2042:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1543:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1442:
655:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2810:Fuller, R. J.; Gill, R. M. A. (2001).
1890:"Звуковая Сигнализация у Европейской (
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1419:, the main character was changed to a
1134:Roe deer fawn, two to three weeks old
7:
8424:108c7a6f-f2ff-4a8d-977f-bbb008449751
2422:Stubbe, H.; Brukhgol'ts, Z. (1979).
1773:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français
1622:(PhD Dissertation). Meredith College
1566:Common Names of Mammals of the World
309:, and east as far as northern Iran.
8616:IUCN Red List least concern species
2682:(in Norwegian). Skolelaboratoriet,
1466:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1366:
1352:
618:This new taxonomic interpretation (
3712:"Deuteronomy 14 Interlinear Bible"
3443:The Journal of Wildlife Management
3415:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00055.x
1101:whine to attract males during the
25:
3169:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
3536:Longissimus thoracis et Lumborum
3144:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2007.00011.x
2645:Bittel, J. (November 12, 2014).
2290:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00137.x
2238:. European Union. Archived from
2044:. United States Government. 2020
1642:"Caistor-by-Norwich, astragalus"
693:Nikolay Yakovlevich Dinnik, 1910
105:
4209:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
3165:"Hai-Bar Carmel Nature Reserve"
1929:Cytogenetic and Genome Research
789:Both the European roe deer and
483:. It is derived from the words
4998:Central American red brocket (
3577:and the relationships between
3319:Clyde, Falls of (2020-07-09).
2734:. British Naturalist, 2: 15-25
2146:Johns Hopkins University Press
2130:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
1728:. Leiden: Jacob Hackium et al.
1595:Online Etymological Dictionary
1378:area in the 19th century. The
1321:It is thought that during the
1167:The roe deer population shows
1002:, Jahan Nama Protected Area).
994:and agricultural lands of the
690:Capreolus capreolus caucasicus
522:. The meaning of this word in
1:
2619:Falconi, M. (June 12, 2008).
2426:Capreolus capreolus capreolus
2366:"Identification of European (
1038:Carmel Hai-Bar Nature Reserve
670:Capreolus capreolus capreolus
534:'. The roe was also known as
425: – a roe deer
423:Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus
5705:Large subfamily listed below
5693:Large subfamily listed below
5681:Large subfamily listed below
3780:. 2020-05-13. Archived from
3607:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.11.002
3344:Buxton, Anthony (May 1956).
3194:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
2712:(in Dutch). Bart Christiaens
2535:10.1371/journal.pone.0109147
2430:Capreolus capreolus pygargus
2001:10.1371/journal.pone.0024045
1616:Johnson, Mary Lynch (1927).
1206:Compared to the other large
834:Roe deer in a grassland area
802:, female hybrids of the two
745:Capreolus capreolus garganta
715:Capreolus capreolus italicus
496:
486:
8666:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4200:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
4191:Indian spotted chevrotain (
3487:Spiculopteragia asymmetrica
2378:Russian Journal of Genetics
1201:Spiculopteragia asymmetrica
701:Mammal Species of the World
659:Mammal Species of the World
624:Mammal Species of the World
8682:
8661:Mammals of the Middle East
3760:"Bambi and That Other Guy"
3734:"How to say red in Arabic"
3207:10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.693
3132:International Zoo Yearbook
2994:10.1186/s12898-020-00317-3
2942:10.1007/s10980-020-01062-0
2704:Christiaens, Bart (1997).
2596:Princeton University Press
1864:10.1515/mamm.1990.54.3.431
1826:Доклады Академии наук СССР
1748:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1400:Bambi, A Life in the Woods
990:region: they occur in the
454:
8641:Mammals described in 1758
8183:
8169:
8136:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
8127:Domestic Bactrian camel (
8051:
8037:
7691:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7657:
7643:
6747:
6726:
6282:
6261:
5739:
5718:
5196:
5180:
4980:Amazonian brown brocket (
4342:
4326:
4313:Large family listed below
4301:Large family listed below
4278:Williamson's mouse-deer (
3926:
3912:
3874:
3497:Veterinary Research Forum
3363:10.1017/S0030605300038709
3270:10.1007/s10980-018-0641-0
2829:10.1093/FORESTRY/74.3.193
2510:) in Northeastern Poland"
2479:10.1134/S106235901706005X
2390:10.1134/S1022795414070151
1796:London Medical Repository
1742:; Short, Charles (1879).
1230:It is the main source of
1069:commonly associated with
678:Capreolus capreolus canus
261:
254:
249:
240:
217:
210:
102:Scientific classification
100:
78:
69:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
6377:Domestic water buffalo (
4742:Central Asian red deer (
4367:Bornean yellow muntjac (
3805:Prior, Richard (1995).
3587:Quaternary International
3538:) from Female Roe Deer (
2306:Heckeberg, N.S. (2020).
2226:Bogdanowicz, W. (2005).
1925:) with Dromedary Probes"
1589:Harper, Douglas (2020).
1382:translated the word as '
1186:Panthera pardus tulliana
7255:Bates' pygmy antelope (
7042:Soemmerring's gazelle (
5147:Yucatan brown brocket (
4376:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
4260:Philippine mouse-deer (
3820:Roe Deer Research Group
3546:Journal of Food Quality
3325:Scottish Wildlife Trust
569:in 1758. The initially
397:
389:
381:
351:
333:
326:
7965:White-lipped peccary (
7901:Philippine warty pig (
7526:Yellow-backed duiker (
7490:Black-fronted duiker (
7463:White-bellied duiker (
7084:Przewalski's gazelle (
6307:Four-horned antelope (
5105:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4664:Visayan spotted deer (
4523:European fallow deer (
4466:Northern red muntjac (
4412:Southern red muntjac (
3740:. Kat IP Pty Ltd. 2008
3692:Easton, Matthew George
2776:Emma Goldberg (2003).
2436:Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal
1740:Lewis, Charlton Thomas
1431:ancient times in China
1308:Greenland Interstadial
1306:to Germany during the
1135:
1118:
1053:
1000:Golestan National Park
859:
851:
843:
835:
661:, gives the following
650:
649:near Stockholm, Sweden
577:was first proposed by
545:
537:
405:
370:
8651:Mammals of Azerbaijan
8575:Paleobiology Database
8145:Wild Bactrian camel (
7847:Bornean bearded pig (
7838:Palawan bearded pig (
7427:White-legged duiker (
6853:Red-fronted gazelle (
4532:Persian fallow deer (
4448:Roosevelt's muntjac (
4121:Himalayan musk deer (
4030:Reticulated giraffe (
2861:Ecology and Evolution
2751:Kinver, Mark (2013).
2073:Ecology and Evolution
1716:Hofmann, Johann Jacob
1473:: e.T42395A22161386.
1133:
1116:
1073:at an early stage of
1051:
857:
849:
841:
833:
657:, following the 2005
645:
285:), also known as the
8419:Fauna Europaea (new)
8232:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7892:Oliver's warty pig (
7517:Red-flanked duiker (
6922:Erlanger's gazelle (
6642:Harnessed bushbuck (
6368:Wild water buffalo (
5845:East Caucasian tur (
5836:West Caucasian tur (
4989:Little red brocket (
4457:Truong Son muntjac (
4269:Vietnam mouse-deer (
4251:Greater mouse-deer (
4130:Siberian musk deer (
3579:Procapreolus cusanus
3559:10.1155/2018/4691542
3083:Biodiversity Ireland
3043:"Risk Assessment of
2598:. pp. 211–214.
2242:on September 5, 2015
1902:Зоологический Журнал
1504:Linnæus, C. (1758).
1417:Walt Disney Pictures
1346:In the Hebrew Bible
1284:Last Glacial Maximum
1266:(also classified as
1264:Procapreolus cusanus
1153:delayed implantation
958:in Germany into the
463:', mentioned in the
437:, transliterated as
65:both in Oxfordshire
8626:Arctic land animals
8336:Capreolus_capreolus
8322:Capreolus capreolus
8292:Capreolus capreolus
7865:Celebes warty pig (
7856:Visayan warty pig (
7472:Red forest duiker (
7204:Günther's dik-dik (
7066:Mongolian gazelle (
6871:Heuglin's gazelle (
6862:Thomson's gazelle (
6016:Long-tailed goral (
5411:Mountain reedbuck (
5402:Southern reedbuck (
5254:East African oryx (
5156:White-tailed deer (
4935:Small red brocket (
4902:South Andean deer (
4845:Siberian roe deer (
4836:European roe deer (
4673:Philippine sambar (
4640:Père David's deer (
4242:Lesser mouse-deer (
4103:Kashmir musk deer (
3599:2010QuInt.212...80V
3540:Capreolus capreolus
3397:Capreolus capreolus
3262:2018LaEco..33..937M
3054:nonnativespecies.ie
3045:Capreolus capreolus
3030:. Batchworth Press.
3026:Tegner, H. (1951).
2985:2020BMCE...20...49K
2933:2020LaEco..35.1809G
2873:2013EcoEv...3...89B
2855:Capreolus capreolus
2730:Walker, M.D. 2016.
2674:Capreolus capreolus
2651:National Geographic
2526:2014PLoSO...9j9147O
2504:Capreolus capreolus
2471:2017BioBu..44..575D
2368:Capreolus capreolus
2272:Capreolus capreolus
2230:Capreolus capreolus
2188:Capreolus capreolus
2134:Capreolus capreolus
2085:2016EcoEv...6.7286L
1992:2011PLoSO...624045V
1892:Capreolus capreolus
1818:Capreolus capreolus
1537:Capreolus capreolus
1459:Capreolus capreolus
1392:Mandatory Palestine
1203:infects this deer.
992:Hyrcanian woodlands
952:livestock husbandry
913:fossil record from
707:. in the 1998 book
506:The taxonomic name
282:Capreolus capreolus
267:Linnaeus, 1758
221:Capreolus capreolus
72:Conservation status
8013:Collared peccary (
7883:Flores warty pig (
7724:Giant forest hog (
7586:Maxwell's duiker (
7508:Ruwenzori duiker (
7454:Jentink's duiker (
7363:Sharpe's grysbok (
7119:Tibetan antelope (
7024:Bright's gazelle (
6958:Goitered gazelle (
6931:Mountain gazelle (
6904:Cuvier's gazelle (
6844:Mongalla gazelle (
6232:Pyrenean chamois (
5658:Tibetan antelope (
5612:Black wildebeest (
4439:Reeves's muntjac (
4403:Sumatran muntjac (
4394:Gongshan muntjac (
4167:Water chevrotain (
4094:Alpine musk deer (
4021:Southern giraffe (
4012:Northern giraffe (
3809:. Swan-Hill Press.
3581:and the roe deer (
3403:Journal of Zoology
2784:. pp. 1–104.
2455:Capreolus pygargus
2370:L.) and Siberian (
2325:10.7717/peerj.8114
2067:Capreolus pygargus
2036:Capreolus pygargus
1974:Capreolus pygargus
1923:Capreolus pygargus
1824:Pall.) roe deer".
1822:Capreolus pygargus
1820:L.) and Siberian (
1745:A Latin Dictionary
1725:Lexicon Universale
1222:The roe deer is a
1160:Population ecology
1136:
1119:
1071:biotic communities
1054:
860:
852:
844:
836:
820:Introduced species
724:This is just one (
718:Enrico Festa, 1925
697:Caucasus Mountains
651:
613:Capreolus pygargus
459:, transliterated '
297:, is a species of
250:Range of roe deer
8656:Mammals of Europe
8603:
8602:
8562:Open Tree of Life
8284:Taxon identifiers
8275:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8267:
8266:
8244:
8243:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8033:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8024:
7989:Chacoan peccary (
7940:
7939:
7928:Javan warty pig (
7919:Timor warty pig (
7726:H. meinertzhageni
7700:Togian babirusa (
7639:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7595:Walter's duiker (
7535:Abbott's duiker (
7499:Ogilby's duiker (
7445:Harvey's duiker (
7409:Brooke's duiker (
7375:
7374:
7155:
7154:
7096:
7095:
7033:Peter's gazelle (
7015:Grant's gazelle (
6949:Speke's gazelle (
6722:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6599:
6569:
6568:
6557:African buffalo (
6388:B. depressicornis
6343:
6342:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6025:Himalayan goral (
5847:C. cylindricornis
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5670:
5669:
5633:
5632:
5621:Blue wildebeest (
5555:Common tsessebe (
5506:
5505:
5469:
5468:
5432:
5431:
5344:K. ellipsiprymnus
5317:
5316:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5116:P. mephistophiles
5072:P. mephistophiles
4763:
4762:
4459:M. truongsonensis
4421:Pu Hoat muntjac (
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4290:
4289:
4233:Java mouse-deer (
4142:
4141:
4112:Black musk deer (
4085:Dwarf musk deer (
4076:Anhui musk deer (
4051:
4050:
4014:G. camelopardalis
3963:
3962:
3305:978-1-84217-214-8
3250:Landscape Ecology
2927:(35): 1809–1825.
2921:Landscape Ecology
2684:Bergen University
2590:Mammals of Europe
2232:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
2155:978-0-8018-8221-0
2093:10.1002/ece3.2458
2079:(20): 7286–7297.
1941:10.1159/000298878
1539:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
1421:white-tailed deer
1292:Iberian Peninsula
1268:Capreolus cusanus
1260:Early Pleistocene
1238:products such as
1179:Community ecology
907:Mediterranean Sea
791:Siberian roe deer
749:
719:
694:
685:
674:
609:Siberian roe deer
273:
272:
203:C. capreolus
95:
16:(Redirected from
8673:
8596:
8595:
8583:
8582:
8570:
8569:
8557:
8556:
8544:
8543:
8531:
8530:
8528:NHMSYS0000080203
8518:
8517:
8505:
8504:
8492:
8491:
8479:
8478:
8466:
8465:
8453:
8452:
8440:
8439:
8427:
8426:
8414:
8413:
8401:
8400:
8388:
8387:
8375:
8374:
8362:
8361:
8349:
8348:
8339:
8338:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8279:
8194:
8185:
8171:
8062:
8053:
8039:
7951:
7757:Common warthog (
7748:Desert warthog (
7668:
7659:
7645:
7544:Weyns's duiker (
7418:Peters' duiker (
7400:Aders's duiker (
7386:
7273:Royal antelope (
7231:Salt's dik-dik (
7222:Silver dik-dik (
7213:Kirk's dik-dik (
7166:
7143:Saiga antelope (
7105:
7044:N. soemmerringii
6913:Dorcas gazelle (
6758:
6749:
6742:
6728:
6615:Mountain nyala (
6598:
6597:
6589:
6580:
6535:P. nghetinhensis
6437:European bison (
6428:American bison (
6354:
6293:
6284:
6277:
6263:
6139:Domestic sheep (
5983:Himalayan tahr (
5950:Mainland serow (
5932:Japanese serow (
5741:
5734:
5720:
5644:
5517:
5480:
5443:
5420:Bohor reedbuck (
5328:
5307:A. nasomaculatus
5230:Sable antelope (
5207:
5198:
5191:
5182:
4944:Merida brocket (
4774:
4715:Thorold's deer (
4567:A. calamianensis
4450:M. rooseveltorum
4396:M. gongshanensis
4353:
4344:
4337:
4328:
4153:
4062:
4041:G. tippelskirchi
3974:
3937:
3928:
3914:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3762:. Bio.Miami.edu.
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3434:
3419:
3418:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3365:
3346:"Roe Deer Rings"
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3209:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3123:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3085:. Archived from
3080:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3051:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2881:10.1002/ece3.430
2848:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2748:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2593:
2583:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2459:Biology Bulletin
2450:
2444:
2443:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2361:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2190:) and Siberian (
2181:
2168:
2167:
2144:(3rd ed.).
2124:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1682:
1680:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:. Douglas Harper
1586:
1580:
1579:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1508:Cervus capreolus
1501:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1452:
1406:Bambi's Children
1380:King James Bible
1369:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1286:it retreated to
1191:Alborz Mountains
1169:irruptive growth
1034:Carmel Mountains
1012:Lissadell Estate
996:Alborz Mountains
941:Southern England
808:Cesarean section
747:
717:
692:
680:
673:(Linnaeus, 1758)
672:
594:Vladimir Sokolov
579:John Edward Gray
567:Cervus capreolus
548:
540:
510:is derived from
501:
491:
457:
456:
436:
408:
400:
392:
384:
373:
354:
336:
329:
291:western roe deer
268:
264:Cervus capreolus
245:
223:
110:
109:
89:
84:
83:
58:
44:
32:
21:
8681:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8670:
8646:Mammals of Asia
8606:
8605:
8604:
8599:
8591:
8586:
8578:
8573:
8565:
8560:
8552:
8549:Observation.org
8547:
8539:
8534:
8526:
8521:
8513:
8508:
8500:
8495:
8487:
8482:
8474:
8469:
8461:
8456:
8448:
8443:
8435:
8430:
8422:
8417:
8409:
8404:
8396:
8391:
8383:
8378:
8370:
8365:
8357:
8352:
8344:
8342:
8334:
8329:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8286:
8276:
8263:
8240:
8216:
8179:
8153:
8111:
8047:
8021:
7997:
7973:
7936:
7903:S. philippensis
7840:S. ahoenobarbus
7822:
7814:Red river hog (
7789:
7765:
7732:
7708:
7682:Buru babirusa (
7653:
7627:
7619:Common duiker (
7603:
7561:
7371:
7329:
7305:
7281:
7239:
7188:
7151:
7127:
7092:
7077:P. picticaudata
7050:
6990:
6966:
6960:G. subgutturosa
6879:
6828:
6804:
6780:
6743:
6732:
6710:
6677:
6669:Cape bushbuck (
6662:T. strepsiceros
6591:
6590:
6588:
6565:
6541:
6517:
6412:
6404:Mountain anoa (
6339:
6333:B. tragocamelus
6315:
6309:T. quadricornis
6278:
6267:
6249:
6216:
6192:
6148:Bighorn sheep (
6114:
6090:
6066:
6058:Mountain goat (
6042:
6034:Chinese goral (
5991:
5967:
5952:C. sumatraensis
5916:
5899:Siberian ibex (
5863:Domestic goat (
5811:
5787:
5763:
5755:Barbary sheep (
5735:
5724:
5706:
5694:
5682:
5666:
5629:
5596:
5572:
5539:
5502:
5465:
5428:
5386:
5313:
5289:
5263:Scimitar oryx (
5238:
5221:Roan antelope (
5192:
5186:
5164:
5122:
5114:Northern pudu (
5088:
5080:Southern pudu (
5070:Northern pudu (
5054:
5030:
5006:
4971:Pygmy brocket (
4953:Dwarf brocket (
4910:
4877:
4853:
4820:
4796:
4759:
4699:
4648:
4624:
4591:
4565:Calamian deer (
4540:
4534:D. mesopotamica
4507:
4483:
4477:M. vuquangensis
4475:Giant muntjac (
4385:Fea's muntjac (
4338:
4332:
4314:
4302:
4286:
4217:
4175:
4138:
4096:M. chrysogaster
4047:
4039:Masai giraffe (
3996:
3959:
3922:
3908:
3870:
3863:
3816:
3802:
3800:Further reading
3797:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3784:on June 1, 2020
3772:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3455:10.2307/3802739
3436:
3435:
3422:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3020:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2757:BBC News Online
2750:
2749:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2585:
2584:
2561:
2520:(10): e109147.
2499:
2498:
2494:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2442:(9): 1398–1403.
2421:
2420:
2413:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2267:
2266:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2183:
2182:
2171:
2156:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2038:(Pallas, 1771)"
2032:
2031:
2027:
1972:"Genotyping of
1969:
1968:
1964:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1894:) и Сибирской (
1884:
1883:
1879:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1832:(5): 1274–1276.
1812:
1811:
1807:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1403:and its sequel
1344:
1332:
1272:C. cusanus
1248:
1220:
1181:
1162:
1128:
1117:Roe deer tracks
1111:
1087:
1067:pioneer species
1059:
1046:
1030:
1021:
1019:The Netherlands
1008:
984:
960:Thetford Forest
936:
923:
899:
850:Roe deer antler
828:
787:
756:
640:
620:circumscription
598:electrophoretic
556:
493:'buttocks' and
377:Old High German
345:, cognate with
315:
266:
236:
225:
219:
206:
104:
96:
85:
81:
74:
64:
28:
27:Species of deer
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8679:
8677:
8669:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8608:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8597:
8584:
8571:
8558:
8545:
8532:
8519:
8506:
8493:
8480:
8467:
8454:
8441:
8428:
8415:
8406:Fauna Europaea
8402:
8389:
8376:
8363:
8350:
8340:
8327:
8312:
8296:
8294:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8254:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8234:C. liberiensis
8228:
8226:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8214:
8208:Hippopotamus (
8204:
8202:
8191:
8189:Hippopotamidae
8181:
8180:
8174:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8158:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8142:
8138:C. dromedarius
8133:
8123:
8121:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8100:
8091:
8082:
8072:
8070:
8059:
8049:
8048:
8042:
8035:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8009:
8007:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7985:
7983:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7961:
7959:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7925:
7921:S. timoriensis
7916:
7907:
7898:
7889:
7880:
7874:Domestic pig (
7871:
7862:
7853:
7844:
7834:
7832:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7811:
7801:
7799:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7777:
7775:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7754:
7750:P. aethiopicus
7744:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7720:
7718:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7702:B. togeanensis
7697:
7688:
7678:
7676:
7665:
7655:
7654:
7648:
7641:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7615:
7613:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7592:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7553:Zebra duiker (
7550:
7541:
7532:
7528:C. silvicultor
7523:
7514:
7505:
7496:
7487:
7481:Black duiker (
7478:
7469:
7465:C. leucogaster
7460:
7451:
7442:
7433:
7424:
7415:
7406:
7396:
7394:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7360:
7354:Cape grysbok (
7351:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7297:Klipspringer (
7293:
7291:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7270:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7228:
7224:M. piacentinii
7219:
7210:
7200:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7176:
7174:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7115:
7113:
7102:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7086:P. przewalskii
7081:
7072:
7062:
7060:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7039:
7030:
7021:
7012:
7006:Dama gazelle (
7002:
7000:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6978:
6976:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6955:
6946:
6940:Rhim gazelle (
6937:
6928:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6891:
6889:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6840:
6838:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6816:
6814:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6798:A. marsupialis
6792:
6790:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6768:
6766:
6755:
6745:
6744:
6731:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6702:Common eland (
6699:
6689:
6687:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6666:
6660:Greater kudu (
6657:
6648:
6639:
6630:
6621:
6612:
6602:
6600:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6527:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6473:Domestic yak (
6470:
6461:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6401:
6397:B. mindorensis
6392:
6386:Lowland anoa (
6383:
6374:
6364:
6362:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6327:
6325:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6303:
6301:
6290:
6280:
6279:
6266:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6238:
6228:
6226:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6204:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6106:Nilgiri tahr (
6102:
6100:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6054:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6031:
6022:
6013:
6003:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5979:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5959:Taiwan serow (
5956:
5947:
5938:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5890:Iberian ibex (
5887:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5833:
5823:
5821:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5799:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5779:Arabian tahr (
5775:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5751:
5749:
5737:
5736:
5723:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5654:
5652:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5561:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5527:
5525:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5453:
5451:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5417:
5413:R. fulvorufula
5408:
5398:
5396:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5338:
5336:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5281:Arabian oryx (
5278:
5269:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5204:
5194:
5193:
5185:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:O. virginianus
5153:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5066:
5064:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5024:O. bezoarticus
5018:
5016:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4995:
4986:
4977:
4968:
4964:M. gouazoubira
4962:Gray brocket (
4959:
4950:
4941:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4717:C. albirostris
4711:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4688:
4679:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4580:
4571:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:E. cephalophus
4495:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4430:Leaf muntjac (
4427:
4423:M. puhoatensis
4418:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4350:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:T. williamsoni
4275:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:M. moschiferus
4127:
4123:M. leucogaster
4118:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4087:M. berezovskii
4082:
4072:
4070:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3934:
3932:Antilocapridae
3924:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3904:Laurasiatheria
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3814:External links
3812:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3765:
3751:
3725:
3703:
3683:
3661:
3639:
3628:(6): 812–819.
3624:(in Russian).
3612:
3565:
3524:
3491:Cervus elaphus
3475:
3449:(3): 698–706.
3420:
3409:(4): 497–504.
3385:
3356:(4): 203–204.
3336:
3311:
3304:
3283:
3256:(6): 937–954.
3236:
3200:(3): 693–696.
3180:
3156:
3138:(1): 183–193.
3113:
3102:
3067:
3033:
3018:
2956:
2904:
2843:
2822:(3): 193–199.
2802:
2782:English Nature
2768:
2736:
2723:
2696:
2663:
2637:
2611:
2604:
2559:
2492:
2465:(6): 575–583.
2445:
2438:(in Russian).
2411:
2384:(7): 757–762.
2349:
2295:
2253:
2236:Fauna Europaea
2215:
2169:
2154:
2116:
2055:
2025:
1962:
1935:(4): 228–235.
1911:
1877:
1858:(3): 431–444.
1835:
1828:(in Russian).
1805:
1779:
1760:Gaffiot, Félix
1751:
1731:
1707:
1683:
1675:
1655:
1633:
1608:
1581:
1574:
1556:
1519:
1493:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1370:, pronounced '
1343:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1247:
1244:
1219:
1216:
1180:
1177:
1161:
1158:
1127:
1124:
1110:
1107:
1086:
1083:
1058:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1007:
1004:
983:
980:
945:arable farming
939:extirpated in
935:
932:
922:
919:
898:
895:
882:Primorsky Krai
842:Young roe deer
827:
824:
800:Haldane's rule
786:
783:
755:
752:
734:Fauna Europaea
730:European Union
722:
721:
712:
687:
675:
639:
636:
601:chromatography
555:
552:
340:Proto-Germanic
314:
311:
271:
270:
259:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
238:
237:
226:
215:
214:
208:
207:
200:
198:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
98:
97:
79:
76:
75:
70:
67:
66:
60:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8678:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8636:Fauna of Iran
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8594:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8341:
8337:
8332:
8328:
8323:
8317:
8313:
8308:
8302:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8280:
8260:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8247:
8237:
8235:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8213:
8211:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8200:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8168:
8150:
8148:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8129:C. bactrianus
8125:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8036:
8018:
8016:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7994:
7992:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7970:
7968:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7933:
7931:
7930:S. verrucosus
7926:
7924:
7922:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7876:S. domesticus
7872:
7870:
7868:
7867:S. celebensis
7863:
7861:
7859:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7796:Potamochoerus
7792:
7786:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7762:
7760:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7693:B. celebensis
7689:
7687:
7685:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7646:
7642:
7624:
7622:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7600:
7598:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7577:Blue duiker (
7575:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7524:
7522:
7520:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7492:C. nigrifrons
7488:
7486:
7484:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7474:C. natalensis
7470:
7468:
7466:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7420:C. callipygus
7416:
7414:
7412:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7347:R. campestris
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7326:
7324:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7299:O. oreotragus
7295:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7278:
7276:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7148:
7146:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7089:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7047:
7045:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6942:G. leptoceros
6938:
6936:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6920:
6918:
6916:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6846:E. albonotata
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6825:
6823:
6822:A. cervicapra
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6725:
6707:
6705:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6693:Giant eland (
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6671:T. sylvaticus
6667:
6665:
6663:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6633:Lesser kudu (
6631:
6629:
6627:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6562:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6538:
6536:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6448:B. domesticus
6446:Bali cattle (
6444:
6442:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6312:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6271:
6264:
6260:
6246:
6244:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6150:O. canadensis
6146:
6144:
6142:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6097:Nilgiritragus
6093:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6060:O. americanus
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5985:H. jemlahicus
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5881:Nubian ibex (
5879:
5877:
5875:
5872:Alpine ibex (
5870:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5717:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5663:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5639:Pantholopinae
5636:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5590:A. buselaphus
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5497:
5494:Grey rhebok (
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5438:Aepycerotinae
5435:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5369:Nile lechwe (
5367:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Hippotraginae
5199:
5195:
5190:
5183:
5179:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5048:B. dichotomus
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5022:Pampas deer (
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4982:M. nemorivaga
4978:
4976:
4974:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4926:Red brocket (
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4895:H. antisensis
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4735:C. canadensis
4731:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4684:R. timorensis
4680:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4642:E. davidianus
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4609:R. duvaucelii
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4574:Bawean deer (
4572:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4499:Tufted deer (
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4432:M. putaoensis
4428:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4378:M. crinifrons
4374:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4325:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4271:T. versicolor
4267:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4078:M. anhuiensis
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4032:G. reticulata
4028:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3489:infection in
3488:
3479:
3476:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3092:on 2022-05-20
3088:
3084:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3055:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:(1): 89–102.
2866:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2803:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2667:
2664:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2605:0-691-09160-9
2601:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:Mammal Review
2275:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:Wilson, D. E.
2123:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:(8): e24045.
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1908:(3): 430–443.
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:Соколов, В.Е.
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:Sokolov, V.E.
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Sokolov, V.E.
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1676:87-635-0428-6
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1575:1-56098-383-3
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:Modern Hebrew
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1336:least concern
1329:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:Younger Dryas
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:Palaeontology
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1077:, during the
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
981:
979:
977:
973:
967:
965:
964:Petworth Park
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
933:
931:
928:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
896:
894:
892:
886:
883:
879:
875:
870:
867:and northern
866:
856:
848:
840:
832:
825:
823:
821:
817:
816:introgression
811:
809:
805:
801:
796:
792:
784:
782:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
753:
751:
748:Meunier, 1983
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
716:
713:
710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
688:
683:
679:
676:
671:
668:
667:
666:
664:
660:
656:
648:
644:
637:
635:
633:
629:
628:Khopyor River
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
551:
549:
547:
541:
539:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
500:
499:
492:
490:
489:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
445:
442:
440:
432:
431:Elder Futhark
429:, written in
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
407:
401:
399:
393:
391:
385:
383:
378:
374:
372:
366:
362:
359:
355:
353:
348:
344:
341:
337:
335:
328:
324:
320:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
269:
265:
260:
257:
253:
248:
244:
239:
234:
230:
224:
222:
216:
213:
212:Binomial name
209:
205:
204:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
108:
103:
99:
93:
88:
87:Least Concern
77:
73:
68:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
8291:
8233:
8221:
8210:H. amphibius
8209:
8199:Hippopotamus
8197:
8177:Whippomorpha
8146:
8137:
8128:
8116:
8104:
8095:
8086:
8077:
8065:
8014:
8002:
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7929:
7920:
7911:
7902:
7893:
7884:
7875:
7866:
7858:S. cebifrons
7857:
7848:
7839:
7827:
7815:
7806:
7794:
7782:
7770:
7759:P. africanus
7758:
7749:
7739:Phacochoerus
7737:
7725:
7713:
7701:
7692:
7684:B. babyrussa
7683:
7671:
7620:
7608:
7596:
7588:P. maxwellii
7587:
7579:P. monticola
7578:
7566:
7554:
7545:
7536:
7527:
7519:C. rufilatus
7518:
7509:
7500:
7491:
7482:
7473:
7464:
7455:
7446:
7437:
7436:Bay duiker (
7429:C. crusalbum
7428:
7419:
7410:
7401:
7389:
7381:Cephalophini
7364:
7356:R. melanotis
7355:
7346:
7334:
7322:
7310:
7298:
7286:
7274:
7266:N. moschatus
7265:
7256:
7244:
7232:
7223:
7214:
7206:M. guentheri
7205:
7193:
7182:D. megalotis
7181:
7169:
7144:
7132:
7121:P. hodgsonii
7120:
7108:
7085:
7076:
7068:P. gutturosa
7067:
7055:
7043:
7034:
7025:
7016:
7007:
6995:
6983:
6971:
6959:
6950:
6941:
6932:
6924:G. erlangeri
6923:
6914:
6905:
6897:G. bennettii
6896:
6884:
6872:
6864:E. thomsonii
6863:
6855:E. rufifrons
6854:
6845:
6833:
6821:
6809:
6797:
6785:
6773:
6761:
6703:
6695:T. derbianus
6694:
6682:
6670:
6661:
6652:
6643:
6634:
6626:T. eurycerus
6625:
6616:
6607:
6583:
6575:Tragelaphini
6558:
6546:
6534:
6522:
6510:
6501:
6493:B. javanicus
6492:
6483:
6475:B. grunniens
6474:
6465:
6457:B. frontalis
6456:
6447:
6438:
6429:
6417:
6405:
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6357:
6332:
6320:
6308:
6296:
6243:R. rupicapra
6242:
6234:R. pyrenaica
6233:
6221:
6209:
6197:
6185:
6176:
6175:Snow sheep (
6167:
6158:
6157:Dall sheep (
6149:
6140:
6131:
6119:
6108:N. hylocrius
6107:
6095:
6084:O. moschatus
6083:
6071:
6059:
6047:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6008:
5996:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5951:
5942:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5908:Walia ibex (
5900:
5892:C. pyrenaica
5891:
5882:
5873:
5864:
5856:C. falconeri
5855:
5846:
5837:
5828:
5816:
5805:B. taxicolor
5804:
5792:
5780:
5768:
5756:
5744:
5660:P. hodgsonii
5659:
5647:
5622:
5613:
5603:Connochaetes
5601:
5589:
5588:Hartebeest (
5577:
5565:
5556:
5544:
5532:
5520:
5512:Alcelaphinae
5496:P. capreolus
5495:
5483:
5458:
5446:
5421:
5412:
5404:R. arundinum
5403:
5391:
5379:
5371:K. megaceros
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5331:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5273:
5264:
5255:
5243:
5231:
5222:
5210:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5127:
5115:
5106:
5093:
5081:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5046:Marsh deer (
5035:
5023:
5011:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4972:
4963:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4928:M. americana
4927:
4915:
4903:
4894:
4884:Hippocamelus
4882:
4870:
4858:
4846:
4838:C. capreolus
4837:
4835:
4825:
4813:
4812:Water deer (
4801:
4789:
4777:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4683:
4675:R. mariannus
4674:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4616:Eld's deer (
4608:
4607:Barasingha (
4596:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4545:
4533:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4468:M. vaginalis
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4369:M. atherodes
4368:
4356:
4279:
4270:
4262:T. nigricans
4261:
4252:
4243:
4235:T. javanicus
4234:
4222:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4180:
4169:H. aquaticus
4168:
4156:
4131:
4122:
4113:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4065:
4040:
4031:
4022:
4013:
4001:
3990:O. johnstoni
3989:
3977:
3953:A. americana
3952:
3940:
3902:Superorder:
3896:Infraclass:
3867:Artiodactyla
3806:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:the original
3777:
3768:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3737:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3706:
3696:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3642:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3593:(2): 80–85.
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3575:Procapreolus
3574:
3568:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3503:(1): 77–79.
3500:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3446:
3442:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3328:. Retrieved
3324:
3314:
3295:
3253:
3249:
3227:. Retrieved
3197:
3193:
3183:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3135:
3131:
3105:
3094:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3082:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3053:
3044:
3036:
3027:
3021:
2976:
2972:
2924:
2920:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2771:
2760:. Retrieved
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2709:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2680:Miljølare.no
2679:
2673:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:
2614:
2589:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2315:
2311:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2244:. Retrieved
2240:the original
2235:
2229:
2206:. Retrieved
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2140:
2133:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2041:
2035:
2028:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1880:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1665:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1618:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1542:
1536:
1513:
1507:
1484:. Retrieved
1470:
1464:
1458:
1425:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1376:Mount Carmel
1371:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1330:Conservation
1320:
1280:last ice age
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:Late Miocene
1252:Procapreolus
1251:
1249:
1236:organic food
1229:
1221:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1137:
1126:Reproduction
1120:
1099:
1088:
1060:
1031:
1022:
1009:
985:
968:
937:
924:
900:
897:Distribution
887:
861:
812:
788:
772:
757:
744:
733:
723:
714:
708:
704:
700:
689:
677:
669:
658:
652:
647:C. capreolus
646:
623:
617:
612:
591:
586:
574:
566:
557:
543:
535:
519:
515:
511:
507:
505:
494:
484:
452:
446:
443:
438:
420:
415:
403:
395:
387:
379:
368:
365:Middle Dutch
360:
349:
342:
331:
321:is from the
318:
317:The English
316:
302:
295:European roe
294:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
274:
263:
262:
220:
218:
202:
201:
189:
159:Artiodactyla
29:
8445:iNaturalist
8316:Wikispecies
8087:L. guanicoe
7946:Tayassuidae
7910:Wild boar (
7849:S. barbatus
7807:P. larvatus
7783:P. salvania
7781:Pygmy hog (
7715:Hylochoerus
7568:Philantomba
7456:C. jentinki
7438:C. dorsalis
7391:Cephalophus
7275:N. pygmaeus
7233:M. saltiana
7171:Dorcatragus
7145:S. tatarica
7035:N. petersii
6973:Litocranius
6873:E. tilonura
6820:Blackbuck (
6796:Springbok (
6739:Antilopinae
6737:(subfamily
6684:Taurotragus
6651:Sitatunga (
6644:T. scriptus
6635:T. imberbis
6592:(including
6585:Tragelaphus
6406:B. quarlesi
6288:Boselaphini
6272:(subfamily
6177:O. nivicola
6018:N. caudatus
6007:Red goral (
5998:Naemorhedus
5961:C. swinhoei
5941:Red serow (
5923:Capricornis
5901:C. sibirica
5838:C. caucasia
5829:C. aegagrus
5827:Wild goat (
5781:A. jayakari
5770:Arabitragus
5729:(subfamily
5700:Antilopinae
5623:C. taurinus
5566:D. pygargus
5459:A. melampus
5380:K. vardonii
5342:Waterbuck (
5283:O. leucoryx
5212:Hippotragus
5140:O. hemionus
5138:Mule deer (
5037:Blastocerus
4946:M. bricenii
4904:H. bisulcus
4871:R. tarandus
4847:C. pygargus
4769:Capreolinae
4751:Sika deer (
4693:R. unicolor
4682:Rusa deer (
4585:A. porcinus
4405:M. montanus
4202:M. kathygre
3951:Pronghorn (
3942:Antilocapra
3744:20 November
3718:19 November
3714:. Bible Hub
3676:19 November
3672:. Bible Hub
3654:19 November
3650:. Bible Hub
3468:17 November
2973:BMC Ecology
2795:14 November
2716:20 November
2689:20 November
2508:C. pygargus
2372:C. pygargus
2284:(1): 1–16.
2246:20 November
2208:21 November
2194:) roe deer"
2192:C. pygargus
2048:19 November
1896:С. pygargus
1681:pp. 389-91.
1626:20 November
1601:20 November
1549:19 November
1486:19 November
1384:fallow deer
1348:Deuteronomy
1323:Middle Ages
1300:Carpathians
1224:game animal
1149:monoestrous
1145:inappetence
1095:crepuscular
956:Württemberg
903:Scandinavia
878:Amur Oblast
874:Transbaikal
826:Description
779:Capreolinae
754:Systematics
699:; although
449:Koiné Greek
323:Old English
179:Capreolinae
175:Subfamily:
49:Young male
8631:Capreolini
8610:Categories
8223:Choeropsis
8105:L. vicugna
7991:C. wagneri
7894:S. oliveri
7885:S. heureni
7621:S. grimmia
7610:Sylvicapra
7597:P. walteri
7510:C. rubidis
7501:C. ogilbyi
7447:C. harveyi
7411:C. brookei
7365:R. sharpei
7345:Steenbok (
7336:Raphicerus
7288:Oreotragus
7161:Neotragini
7110:Pantholops
7026:N. notatus
6984:L. walleri
6933:G. gazella
6906:G. cuvieri
6895:Chinkara (
6787:Antidorcas
6774:A. clarkei
6763:Ammodorcas
6753:Antilopini
6653:T. spekeii
6617:T. buxtoni
6608:T. angasii
6500:Wild yak (
6484:B. indicus
6439:B. bonasus
6379:B. bubalis
6322:Boselaphus
6298:Tetracerus
6168:O. gmelini
6036:N. griseus
6009:N. baileyi
5974:Hemitragus
5943:C. rubidus
5934:C. crispus
5883:C. nubiana
5746:Ammotragus
5649:Pantholops
5579:Alcelaphus
5564:Bontebok (
5557:D. lunatus
5546:Damaliscus
5533:B. hunteri
5422:R. redunca
5323:Reduncinae
5274:O. gazella
5223:H. equinus
5149:O. pandora
5129:Odocoileus
5013:Ozotoceros
4869:Reindeer (
4814:H. inermis
4803:Hydropotes
4726:C. elaphus
4724:Red deer (
4666:R. alfredi
4583:Hog deer (
4441:M. reevesi
4414:M. muntjak
4244:T. kanchil
4211:M. meminna
4158:Hyemoschus
4148:Tragulidae
4105:M. cupreus
4023:G. giraffa
3969:Giraffidae
3920:Ruminantia
3788:2022-05-10
3493:from Iran"
3330:2023-03-03
3174:2023-03-12
3096:2018-03-29
3076:"Roe Deer"
2979:(49): 49.
2780:(Report).
2762:2013-01-02
2710:Zoogdieren
2594:. Oxford:
1802:: 296–310.
1788:Gray, J.E.
1766:Capraginus
1720:"Pygargus"
1648:18 October
1437:References
1350:14:5, the
1208:herbivores
1151:and after
1140:polygamous
1075:succession
869:Kazakhstan
760:water deer
663:subspecies
638:Subspecies
550:in Latin.
546:capruginus
538:capraginus
475:and later
465:Septuagint
427:talus bone
367:and Dutch
8175:Suborder
8085:Guanaco (
8057:Camelidae
8043:Suborder
8015:D. tajacu
8004:Dicotyles
7980:Catagonus
7967:T. pecari
7912:S. scrofa
7816:P. porcus
7805:Bushpig (
7673:Babyrousa
7649:Suborder
7546:C. weynsi
7537:C. spadix
7402:C. adersi
7323:O. ourebi
7257:N. batesi
7246:Neotragus
7215:M. kirkii
7017:N. granti
6982:Gerenuk (
6951:G. spekei
6915:G. dorcas
6772:Dibatag (
6559:S. caffer
6524:Pseudoryx
6511:B. taurus
6491:Banteng (
6466:B. gaurus
6395:Tamaraw (
6241:Chamois (
6223:Rupicapra
6210:P. nayaur
6186:O. vignei
6166:Mouflon (
5865:C. hircus
5854:Markhor (
5757:A. lervia
5522:Beatragus
5448:Aepyceros
5272:Gemsbok (
5265:O. dammah
5107:P. carlae
5000:M. temama
4991:M. rufina
4955:M. chunyi
4937:M. bororo
4827:Capreolus
4753:C. nippon
4744:C. hanglu
4631:Elaphurus
4576:A. kuhlii
4490:Elaphodus
4358:Muntiacus
4193:M. indica
4182:Moschiola
4114:M. fuscus
4057:Moschidae
3918:Suborder
3878:Kingdom:
3738:WordHippo
3583:Capreolus
3372:1365-3008
2951:220064692
2790:0967-876X
2318:: e8114.
2132:"Species
1898:) Косуль"
1848:Capreolus
1353:יַחְמ֑וּר
1240:game meat
1212:omnivores
1193:of Iran.
1189:) in the
1085:Behaviour
1079:Neolithic
1036:from the
949:extensive
911:Neolithic
795:sympatric
775:subfamily
632:Don River
605:karyotypy
587:Capreolus
575:Capreolus
571:monotypic
563:described
508:Capreolus
503:'white'.
473:Herodotus
469:Hesychius
402:, German
358:Old Saxon
347:Old Norse
313:Etymology
197:Species:
190:Capreolus
125:Kingdom:
119:Eukaryota
35:Roe deer
8621:Roe deer
8515:14200217
8463:10229244
8343:BioLib:
8301:Wikidata
8147:C. ferus
8103:Vicuña (
8096:L. pacos
8094:Alpaca (
8078:L. glama
8045:Tylopoda
7555:C. zebra
7483:C. niger
7057:Procapra
6835:Eudorcas
6811:Antilope
6548:Syncerus
6509:Cattle (
6502:B. mutus
6430:B. bison
6370:B. arnee
6331:Nilgai (
6208:Bharal (
6199:Pseudois
6159:O. dalli
6141:O. aries
6132:O. ammon
6130:Argali (
6082:Muskox (
6049:Oreamnos
6027:N. goral
5910:C. walie
5794:Budorcas
5731:Caprinae
5676:Caprinae
5531:Hirola (
5475:Peleinae
5457:Impala (
5362:K. leche
5360:Lechwe (
5256:O. beisa
5232:H. niger
4893:Taruca (
4860:Rangifer
4790:A. alces
4691:Sambar (
4618:R. eldii
4598:Rucervus
4556:Chital (
4348:Cervinae
4335:Cervidae
4296:Cervidae
4224:Tragulus
3898:Eutheria
3892:Mammalia
3886:Chordata
3884:Phylum:
3880:Animalia
3694:(1897).
3634:12138780
3622:Genetika
3519:25568698
3380:85180707
3229:13 March
3216:18689655
3149:13 March
3060:29 March
3013:32867734
2899:23403955
2838:86318774
2816:Forestry
2672:"Rådyr (
2625:NBC News
2554:25271423
2514:PLOS ONE
2398:25720144
2344:32110477
2164:62265494
2111:28725397
2020:21897868
1980:PLOS ONE
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1949:20413959
1872:85170836
1852:Mammalia
1790:(1821).
1762:(1934).
1718:(1698).
1316:red deer
1298:and the
1198:nematode
1063:habitats
927:Flanders
768:reindeer
738:nominate
559:Linnaeus
554:Taxonomy
461:pygargos
455:πύγαργος
307:Caucasus
277:roe deer
256:Synonyms
229:Linnaeus
169:Cervidae
165:Family:
149:Mammalia
139:Chordata
135:Phylum:
129:Animalia
115:Domain:
92:IUCN 3.1
18:Roe Deer
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8437:5220126
8307:Q122069
8259:Cetacea
8250:Cetacea
8118:Camelus
8076:Llama (
7956:Tayassu
7772:Porcula
7321:Oribi (
7312:Ourebia
7195:Madoqua
7180:Beira (
7101:Saigini
7008:N. dama
6886:Gazella
6735:Bovidae
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6624:Bongo (
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6533:Saola (
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6359:Bubalus
6274:Bovinae
6270:Bovidae
6268:Family
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5874:C. ibex
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5727:Bovidae
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5614:C. gnou
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5189:Bovidae
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2869:Bibcode
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2335:7034380
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2102:5513270
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2011:3163676
1988:Bibcode
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1296:Balkans
1290:in the
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1258:to the
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1006:Ireland
988:Caspian
976:Bristol
972:Glasgow
934:Britain
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785:Hybrids
742:endemic
726:extreme
720:- Italy
686:- Spain
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3376:S2CID
3274:S2CID
3220:S2CID
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3079:(PDF)
3050:(PDF)
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