184:
30:
126:
260:
There is reason to suspect that Dúnán was
Roolwer's antecessor in the Isles. This would mean that when Dúnán died in 1074—only a few years after the takeover of Dublin by Toirdelbach—the latter oversaw the ecclesiastical separation of Dublin from the Isles through the creation of a new
265:
in Dublin. Therefore, like Gilla Pátraic in Dublin, Roolwer's episcopacy in the Isles may well have begun in 1074 after Dúnán's death, and perhaps ended at some point during
Gofraid Crobán's reign. The chronicle records that Roolwer was buried at the "church of
175:. The chronicle states that Roolwer was the bishop before Gofraid Crobán's reign, which could either mean that he died before the beginning of Gofraid Crobán's rule, or that Roolwer merely occupied the position at the time of Gofraid Crobán's accession.
286:
world. Indeed, such connections would seem to parallel those between Dublin and the
Archbishop of Canterbury, forged by Gofraid Crobán's aforesaid contemporaries in Dublin, Toirdelbach and Gofraid mac AmlaĂb meic Ragnaill.
168:. The first bishop to be named in the chronicle is Roolwer himself, and the form of his name preserved by this source suggests that his name is a garbled form of the
165:
79:
315:
churches or oratories. Once regarded as pre-Viking Age structures, scholars now date the keeill phenomena between the late ninth- to the late thirteenth centuries.
183:
207:
influence in the Isles, it is not inconceivable that the near contemporaneous Church in the region was then under the authority of an
Orcadian appointee.
252:. In fact, the surviving stone tower on this island appears to date to the mid eleventh century, and made have been erected by Roolwer himself.
1409:
1385:
1359:
1223:
1148:
106:
1235:"The Manx Keeill and Pagan Iconography: Christian and Pagan Responses to Ideological Turmoil in the Isle of Man During the Tenth-Century"
237:
29:
1314:
1175:
1041:
997:
895:
1107:
952:
1414:
271:
59:
843:
Crawford, BE (1996). "Bishops of Orkney in the
Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries: Bibliography and Biographical List".
1335:
1012:
989:
887:
771:
241:
1234:
776:
74:, was an eleventh-century ecclesiast. He is the first named bishop of a jurisdiction which later became the
275:
233:
102:
49:
249:
228:" ("high-bishop of the Foreigners"), and the first Bishop of Dublin solely associated with Dublin is
188:
146:
142:
133:
in the churchyard of Kirk
Maughold. According to the chronicle, Roolwer was buried at the "church of
114:
75:
1009:
Excavations on St
Patrick's Isle, Peel, Isle of Man 1982–88: Prehistoric, Viking, Medieval and Later
248:
in about 1073. The site of
Roolwer's cathedral is also unknown, although it may have been seated on
812:
149:. Little is known of the early history of the diocese, although its origins may well lie with the
1308:
1283:
1087:
1071:
932:
916:
862:
282:
name may cast light on his origins, and may in turn reveal
Gofraid Crobán's links with the wider
245:
191:
may have been erected by
Roolwer, and the island itself may have been site of his episcopal seat.
125:
1033:
1381:
1355:
1291:
1251:
1219:
1215:
1198:
1171:
1144:
1079:
1037:
993:
924:
907:
891:
870:
748:
204:
200:
196:
160:
110:
98:
90:
36:
1339:
1275:
1242:
1112:
1063:
1021:
957:
854:
845:
758:
229:
220:
215:
1351:
1303:
1051:
279:
1378:
Ecclesia Nidrosiensis, 1153–1537: Søkelys på Nidaroskirkens og Nidarosprovinsens Historie
1141:
Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic
1212:
Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty
820:
905:
Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171".
816:
312:
150:
34:
Roolwer's name as it appears on folio 50v of British Library Cotton Julius A VII (the
1403:
1373:
1263:
1022:
792:
766:
283:
262:
195:
Roolwer's recorded name may be evidence that he is identical to one of the earliest
1391:
1159:
826:
1131:
976:
78:, and appears to have served at his post before, and perhaps during, the reign of
1266:(1994). "Bishops in the Isles Before 1203: Bibliography and Biographical Lists".
89:, which could mean that he is identical to either of two contemporary like-named
1340:
267:
211:
134:
94:
961:
752:
1369:
1319:
1116:
1067:
946:
304:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1255:
1202:
1101:
1083:
1075:
928:
920:
874:
866:
1347:
1186:
1029:
858:
169:
83:
1167:
154:
1091:
936:
822:
Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys
203:(fl. 1050) or Radulf (fl. 1073). Considering the early eleventh-century
232:, a man elected to the position by the Dubliners during the regime of
130:
109:
from the Isles. The site of Roolwer's cathedral is unknown, although
1187:"St Mechyll of Anglesey, St Maughold of Man and St Malo of Brittany"
240:. It is unknown if Dúnán or Roolwer himself were consecrated by the
182:
124:
1011:. Centre for Manx Studies Monographs (series vol. 2). Liverpool:
984:
Freke, D (1990). "History". In Robinson, V; McCarroll, D (eds.).
886:. Scotland in the Early Middle Ages (series vol. 3). Leicester:
1020:
Holland, M (2005). "Gilla Pátraic, Bishop". In Duffy, S (ed.).
270:". His successor, according to the chronicle, was a certain
244:, although Radulf apparently received consecration from the
158:. The episcopal succession of the Isles, as recorded in the
164:, starts its chronology at about the time of the reign of
214:, an ecclesiast generally assumed to have been the first
137:". Whether this was the site of his cathedral is unknown.
799:(6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017
105:, may have enabled the ecclesiastical separation of
1334:Wilson, DM (2008). "The Isle of Man". In Brink, S;
1007:Freke, D (2002). "Conclusions". In Freke, D (ed.).
757:. Vol. 2. London: Oliver and Boyd – via
754:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
93:. Roolwer's predecessor in the Isles may have been
55:
45:
20:
1307:
1100:
945:
145:, from the mid twelfth century at least, was the
238:Gofraid mac AmlaĂb meic Ragnaill, King of Dublin
529:
527:
82:. Roolwer's name appears to correspond to the
1054:(1994). "William the Conqueror and Ireland".
986:The Isle of Man: Celebrating a Sense of Place
8:
1380:. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. pp. 171–181.
1111:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1015:. pp. 437–448 – via Google Books.
956:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
622:
620:
514:
512:
166:Gofraid Crobán, King of Dublin and the Isles
80:Gofraid Crobán, King of Dublin and the Isles
1346:. Routledge Worlds. Milton Park, Abingdon:
1372:(2003). "The Diocese of the Sudreyar". In
432:
430:
333:
331:
210:Another noted contemporary of Roolwer was
28:
17:
1164:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
499:
497:
1108:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
953:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
327:
296:
141:The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the
234:Toirdelbach Ua Briain, King of Munster
103:Toirdelbach Ua Briain, King of Munster
7:
303:Maughold was also the site of a pre-
187:The eleventh-century stone tower on
1143:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1102:"Dúnán [Donatus] (d. 1074)"
1166:. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA:
14:
1315:Germanische Altertumskunde Online
1024:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
97:, whose death in 1074 during the
1158:Johnson, N (2006). "Keeill". In
224:instead accords him the title "
1:
1410:11th-century Scottish bishops
829:– via Internet Archive.
1132:UK public library membership
977:UK public library membership
825:. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM:
775:(29 August 2008 ed.).
307:monastery. The Manx Gaelic
1431:
1013:Liverpool University Press
990:Liverpool University Press
888:Leicester University Press
797:Corpus of Electronic Texts
772:Corpus of Electronic Texts
311:refers to early Christian
1068:10.1017/S0021121400011548
256:Separation and succession
27:
1280:10.3366/inr.1994.45.2.99
1056:Irish Historical Studies
464:
385:
242:Archbishop of Canterbury
859:10.3366/inr.1996.47.1.1
777:University College Cork
726:
714:
710:
698:
694:
690:
678:
666:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
626:
611:
607:
600:
593:
581:
577:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
537:
533:
518:
503:
488:
476:
472:
468:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
421:
409:
397:
381:
369:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
199:. Specifically, either
129:One of several ruinous
1191:Studia Celtica Fennica
1170:. pp. 1045–1046.
962:10.1093/ref:odnb/21563
882:Crawford, BE (1997) .
793:"The Annals of Ulster"
767:"The Annals of Ulster"
192:
138:
1210:McDonald, RA (2007).
1117:10.1093/ref:odnb/8199
944:Flanagan, MT (2004).
884:Scandinavian Scotland
186:
128:
50:Roman Catholic Church
1415:Bishops of the Isles
992:. pp. 103–122.
602:The Annals of Ulster
595:The Annals of Ulster
147:Diocese of the Isles
143:Kingdom of the Isles
76:Diocese of the Isles
1139:Hudson, BT (2005).
1099:Hudson, BT (2004).
947:"Patrick (d. 1084)"
117:are possibilities.
1233:Moore, RH (2012).
699:Munch; Goss (1874)
453:Munch; Goss (1874)
358:Munch; Goss (1874)
246:Archbishop of York
193:
139:
1387:978-82-519-1873-2
1361:978-0-203-41277-0
1225:978-1-84682-047-2
1216:Four Courts Press
1185:Lewis, B (2014).
1150:978-0-19-516237-0
1130:(Subscription or
975:(Subscription or
836:Secondary sources
679:Hudson, BT (2005)
578:Hudson, BT (2004)
550:Hudson, BT (2005)
469:Hudson, BT (2005)
437:Hudson, BT (2005)
250:St Patrick's Isle
197:bishops of Orkney
189:St Patrick's Isle
161:Chronicle of Mann
115:St Patrick's Isle
91:bishops of Orkney
65:
64:
37:Chronicle of Mann
1422:
1395:
1365:
1345:
1342:The Viking World
1330:
1328:
1326:
1311:
1299:
1268:The Innes Review
1259:
1239:
1229:
1206:
1181:
1154:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1104:
1095:
1062:(114): 145–158.
1047:
1027:
1016:
1003:
980:
972:
970:
968:
949:
940:
901:
878:
846:The Innes Review
830:
808:
806:
804:
788:
786:
784:
762:
759:Internet Archive
730:
724:
718:
708:
702:
697:pp. 95–96 n. 1;
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
651:Hudson, B (1994)
636:
630:
624:
615:
591:
585:
575:
569:
547:
541:
531:
522:
516:
507:
501:
492:
486:
480:
462:
456:
451:pp. 95–96 n. 1;
434:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
379:
373:
367:
361:
356:pp. 95–96 n. 1;
335:
316:
313:dry-stone-walled
301:
221:Annals of Ulster
216:Bishop of Dublin
101:overlordship of
70:, also known as
32:
18:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1368:
1362:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1302:
1262:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1209:
1184:
1178:
1157:
1151:
1138:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1098:
1050:
1044:
1019:
1006:
1000:
983:
974:
966:
964:
943:
904:
898:
881:
842:
838:
833:
819:, eds. (1874).
811:
802:
800:
791:
782:
780:
765:
747:
743:
741:Primary sources
738:
733:
725:
721:
709:
705:
695:Anderson (1922)
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
643:Flanagan (2004)
637:
633:
625:
618:
592:
588:
576:
572:
568:pp. 95–96 n. 1.
566:Anderson (1922)
560:p. 8, 8 n. 40;
558:Crawford (1996)
554:Crawford (1997)
548:
544:
534:Crawford (1997)
532:
525:
517:
510:
502:
495:
487:
483:
479:pp. 95–96 n. 1.
477:Anderson (1922)
463:
459:
449:Anderson (1922)
435:
428:
420:
416:
408:
404:
396:
392:
380:
376:
368:
364:
354:Anderson (1922)
342:McDonald (2007)
336:
329:
325:
320:
319:
302:
298:
293:
258:
218:. In fact, the
181:
123:
41:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1331:
1300:
1260:
1230:
1224:
1207:
1182:
1176:
1155:
1149:
1136:
1096:
1048:
1042:
1017:
1004:
998:
981:
941:
902:
896:
879:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:
809:
789:
763:
751:, ed. (1922).
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
719:
703:
683:
671:
659:
639:Holland (2005)
631:
616:
586:
570:
542:
523:
508:
493:
481:
457:
426:
414:
402:
398:Johnson (2006)
390:
374:
362:
352:pp. 108, 110;
326:
324:
321:
318:
317:
295:
294:
292:
289:
274:, a man whose
257:
254:
180:
179:Contemporaries
177:
122:
119:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
33:
25:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:(2): 99–119.
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1177:1-85109-445-8
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:0-415-94052-4
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
999:0-85323-036-6
995:
991:
988:. Liverpool:
987:
982:
978:
963:
959:
955:
954:
948:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
903:
899:
897:0-7185-1197-2
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
841:
840:
835:
828:
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
798:
794:
790:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
745:
740:
735:
728:
723:
720:
716:
712:
707:
704:
700:
696:
693:pp. 171–172;
692:
687:
684:
680:
675:
672:
668:
663:
660:
657:p. 102 n. 45.
656:
653:pp. 149–150;
652:
649:pp. 172–173;
648:
644:
640:
635:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
614:p. 102 n. 45.
613:
610:pp. 172–173;
609:
605:
603:
598:
596:
590:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
521:pp. 108, 110.
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Wilson (2008)
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:pp. 108–110;
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
415:
411:
406:
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
383:
382:Wilson (2001)
378:
375:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
322:
314:
310:
306:
300:
297:
290:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
263:episcopal see
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Gilla Pátraic
227:
226:ardespoc Gall
223:
222:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
190:
185:
178:
176:
174:
171:
167:
163:
162:
157:
156:
152:
148:
144:
136:
132:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
39:
38:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1392:Academia.edu
1390:– via
1377:
1341:
1323:. Retrieved
1313:
1271:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1211:
1194:
1190:
1163:
1140:
1120:. Retrieved
1106:
1059:
1055:
1028:. New York:
1023:
1008:
985:
965:. Retrieved
951:
912:
906:
883:
850:
844:
827:Manx Society
821:
801:. Retrieved
796:
781:. Retrieved
770:
753:
749:Anderson, AO
722:
711:Woolf (2003)
706:
701:pp. 114–115.
691:Woolf (2003)
686:
674:
669:pp. 109–110.
662:
655:Duffy (1992)
647:Woolf (2003)
634:
629:pp. 172–173.
627:Woolf (2003)
612:Duffy (1992)
608:Woolf (2003)
601:
594:
589:
584:pp. 172–173.
582:Woolf (2003)
573:
545:
489:Woolf (2003)
484:
473:Woolf (2003)
460:
455:pp. 112–115.
441:Woolf (2003)
422:Woolf (2003)
417:
410:Moore (2012)
405:
393:
386:Freke (1990)
377:
370:Freke (2002)
365:
360:pp. 112–115.
346:Freke (2002)
338:Lewis (2014)
308:
299:
284:Anglo-Norman
276:Anglo-Norman
259:
225:
219:
209:
194:
172:
159:
153:
140:
86:
71:
67:
66:
35:
15:
1350:. pp.
1250:: 124–140.
1032:. pp.
853:(1): 1–13.
727:Watt (1994)
715:Watt (1994)
667:Watt (1994)
562:Watt (1994)
538:Watt (1994)
519:Watt (1994)
504:Watt (1994)
445:Watt (1994)
350:Watt (1994)
268:St Maughold
135:St Maughold
121:Attestation
1404:Categories
1320:De Gruyter
1304:Wilson, DM
1214:. Dublin:
1134:required.)
1122:3 November
979:required.)
967:3 November
915:: 93–133.
803:31 January
783:6 December
736:References
606:§ 1074.1;
599:§ 1074.1;
305:Viking Age
1348:Routledge
1296:0020-157X
1288:1745-5219
1264:Watt, DER
1256:0791-1017
1203:1795-097X
1197:: 24–38.
1084:0021-1214
1076:2056-4139
1052:Hudson, B
1030:Routledge
929:0332-0758
921:2009-0056
875:0020-157X
867:1745-5219
813:Munch, PA
323:Citations
170:Old Norse
84:Old Norse
56:Successor
1374:Imsen, S
1370:Woolf, A
1338:(eds.).
1336:Price, N
1306:(2001).
1168:ABC-CLIO
1160:Koch, JT
1092:30006739
937:30007421
713:p. 171;
564:p. 110;
552:p. 181;
475:p. 172;
471:p. 181;
467:p. 390;
443:p. 172;
439:p. 181;
348:p. 441;
344:p. 193;
205:Orcadian
155:imperium
151:UĂ ĂŤmair
111:Maughold
1376:(ed.).
1162:(ed.).
817:Goss, A
729:p. 110.
717:p. 110.
681:p. 181.
556:p. 82;
540:p. 110.
536:p. 82;
506:p. 108.
491:p. 172.
388:p. 108.
372:p. 441.
340:p. 66;
272:William
201:Thorulf
131:keeills
68:Roolwer
60:William
22:Roolwer
1384:
1358:
1354:–390.
1325:16 May
1294:
1286:
1254:
1243:Trowel
1222:
1201:
1174:
1147:
1128:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1040:
1036:–198.
996:
973:
935:
927:
919:
894:
873:
865:
779:. 2008
604:(2008)
597:(2012)
309:keeill
280:French
173:HrĂłlfr
107:Dublin
99:Dublin
87:HrĂłlfr
72:HrĂłlfr
46:Church
1309:"Man"
1284:eISSN
1238:(PDF)
1088:JSTOR
1072:eISSN
933:JSTOR
917:eISSN
863:eISSN
291:Notes
212:Dúnán
95:Dúnán
1382:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1327:2015
1292:ISSN
1252:ISSN
1220:ISBN
1199:ISSN
1172:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1124:2014
1080:ISSN
1038:ISBN
994:ISBN
969:2014
925:ISSN
908:Ériu
892:ISBN
871:ISSN
805:2019
785:2014
236:and
113:and
1352:385
1276:doi
1113:doi
1064:doi
1034:197
958:doi
855:doi
278:or
1406::
1318:.
1312:.
1290:.
1282:.
1272:45
1270:.
1248:13
1246:.
1240:.
1218:.
1195:11
1193:.
1189:.
1105:.
1086:.
1078:.
1070:.
1060:29
1058:.
950:.
931:.
923:.
913:43
911:.
890:.
869:.
861:.
851:47
849:.
815:;
795:.
769:.
645:;
641:;
619:^
580:;
526:^
511:^
496:^
429:^
384:;
330:^
40:).
1394:.
1364:.
1329:.
1298:.
1278::
1258:.
1228:.
1205:.
1180:.
1153:.
1126:.
1115::
1094:.
1066::
1046:.
1002:.
971:.
960::
939:.
900:.
877:.
857::
807:.
787:.
761:.
424:.
412:.
400:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
