811:
clear-cuts and the construction of seven new roads, to 37 clear-cuts and two new roads. In June 1993, Earth First halted the construction of the Noble Road by erecting elaborate multi-layered barricades, which included U.S. Forest
Service vehicles. These barricades were constructed in one night, during which activists traveled 17 miles through the mountains dodging law enforcement patrols who had been informed of the planned demonstration. The first tripod lockdowns occurred at this incident, which involved three 30 foot logs, tied together and placed upright, with an activist tied to a platform between them 20 feet in the air. The tripod was placed over trenches in which four activists were buried in quick-drying cement. Two additional activists used U-locks to lock their necks to the front axles of responding vehicles. U.S. Forest Service shot at activists and raided the land with a SWAT team armed with M-16s. 27 activists were arrested.
430:, Ron Huber, and others were arrested for sitting at the base of the tree in support. The first "tree-sitting" lasted less than a day—Jakubal came down in the evening to look over the remains of the forest that had been cut down around him, and was arrested by a hidden Forest Service officer—but the tree-sitting concept was deemed sound by Earth First! members. Huber, Jakubal, and Roselle demonstrated the concept at the June 14 Washington EF Rendezvous; on June 23, a convoy of activists arrived at Willamette National Forest and set up tree platforms in "Squaw/Three timbersale", a location the group thought was threatened with imminent destruction. While at one point, up to a dozen trees were occupied, on July 10 a clash took down all the trees with platforms except for Ron Huber's after the other sitters had left for an overnight meeting elsewhere. Huber remained at his tree, dubbed
835:
activists engaged at all levels of protest with numerous public and illegal demonstrations by Earth First, protests at government offices locally and in
Washington D.C., tree-sits in active logging zones, and even an attempted helicopter pad lock-down to immobilize logging helicopters. One tree from Sugarloaf timber sale, which was a four day long tree-sit by a local father and son Earth First team, required 9 log trucks to carry it out in sections. This tree was estimated to be over 400 years old and took twenty-seven minutes to cut down using a 7-foot chainsaw.
817:, a member of the Earth Liberation Front, who alongside the rest of his ELF group was also arrested and were serving life sentences in federal prison for crimes that involved property damage. Rodgers was a long term Earth First activist, and one of the occupation activists of Free Cascadia/Warner Creek Oregon and the Cove/Mallard Idaho protests for years and one of four who constantly camped out in snow-caves monitoring the only logging of Noble Road in the winter of January to March 1995 in 12-foot deep snow and sub-zero temps.
729:. The Earth Liberation Front was formally introduced during the 1992 "Earth First! Round River Rendezvous", where young activists debated the effectiveness of civil disobedience activism tactics in light of the ever-increasing destruction of the planet by human activity. Elders of the Earth First movement gave their blessing to this newly formed strike team known as ELF. ELF became the extremists of the environmental movement, just as the Earth First movement itself had been when it was created a decade earlier.
3365:
3353:
587:
3341:
648:
38:
546:
1001:
315:, which they considered a sell-out by mainstream environmental advocates. The activists envisioned a revolutionary movement, with the goal to set aside multi-million-acre ecological preserves all across the United States. Their ideas drew upon the concepts of conservation biology, which had been developing for over twenty years by notable scientists like
725:. This change brought a rotation of the primary media organ in differing regions,, an aversion to organized leadership or administrative structure, and a new trend of identifying Earth First as a mainstream movement rather than an organization. In 1992, Earth First's push toward the mainstream movement led to the creation of an offshoot group called
826:
reinforced trenches, forts with watchtowers, and tree-sits enabled a constant occupation of the land while lawsuits and political actions locally and in
Washington D.C., ultimately saved the land. Warner Creek is often seen an example of how the Earth First movement was successful, though most Earth First occupations of timber sales, failed.
839:
Earth First activist known as "Ocean" held the road for a day as police attempted to remove this human-and-cement blockade, allowing Earth First to dig in farther down the valley. This was the start of two-year-long occupation protest, during which a pickup truck was turned into a lock box to block the only bridge to the valley.
319:; however, mainstream environmental groups were slow to embrace the new science. These events and ideologies coalesced after a grueling hike, as the men were headed toward Albuquerque. After "Foreman called out 'Earth First!', Roselle drew a clenched fist logo, passed it up to the front of the van, and there was Earth First!".
838:
Earth First responded by immediately occupying the nearby timber sale known as China Left in early
October 1995 to defend the old-growth forest and the last wild salmon spawning grounds in Oregon. EF activists used dragon lock-boxes on both ends of the valley's only road to protect the area. A female
764:
In May 1987, sawmill worker George
Alexander lost several teeth and fractured his jaw when the saw he was operating struck an 11-inch spike and fragmented, sending shrapnel into his face. This incident, which occurred at the Cloverdale Louisiana-Pacific mill in northern California, is alleged to have
1043:
There are now various regional Earth First groups, the "EF! Action Update" has been joined by the "EF! Action
Reports website" and a yearly Earth First national gathering. At the first gathering in Sussex the debate focused on the use of criminal damage as a protest technique. Earth First decided to
732:
Earth First protests commonly involved occupations of forested timber sale areas and other threatened natural areas. In these protests, dozens of people physically locked their bodies to trees, bulldozers, and desks using specially created lock boxes (metal tubes reinforced with rebar) through which
810:
With the aid of a nearby landowner, a former land developer turned activist, Earth First occupied the forest. As a result, Earth First succeeded in saving most of the threatened wilderness area. Over 350 people from 12 countries were arrested and the project was reduced from its initial plan of 200
896:
Most activists of Earth First have previously participated in more moderate forms of environmental and political activism, including protest marches and writing letters to politicians. 'Fawn", an Earth
Firster in the United States, grew up as a Republican, in a middle-class family. Most members of
829:
In the summer of 1995, environmental activists attempted to occupy the old-growth timber sale area of
Sugarloaf Mountain in Southern Oregon. The Sugarloaf Mountain had been in legal battles for over a decade when the "Rider from Hell" was added in committee to the congressional Crime Bill of 1994,
825:
During Free
Cascadia, a mass occupation organized by Earth First at the Warner Creek timber sale in Oregon, 50-plus activists continuously occupied the burnt forested mountains of Oregon for a year in 1994-1995. They endured bad weather and law enforcement raids. Their barricades which were dug in
371:
myth about a continuous river of life flowing into and out of itself and sustaining all relations. The rendezvous is a celebration with art and music, as well as an activist conference with workshops and recounts of past actions. Musicians such as Dana Lyons, Judi Bari, Daryl
Cherney, Joanne Rand,
834:
of 30 square miles in southern Oregon and arrested anyone in the area, including a local woman walking her dog. Over 100 federal agents, supported by helicopters and the elite US Army Ranger-trained law enforcement squad known as "Camo-Feddies," arrested hundreds of activists. The environmental
1119:
Seeing ecological and social justice as one and the same, in addition to organizing along anarchist lines and bringing in other radical and militant struggles, mixed with audacious actions and real radicalism spread the EF ideal to other countries and helped morph the US movement.
863:
that they had been transporting a bomb that had accidentally exploded. Bari contended that extremists opposed to her pro-environmental actions had placed the bomb in her car in order to kill her. The case against them was eventually dropped due to lack of evidence.
2023:"'Unwelcome Mat' Is Out for Earth Firsters in Some Idaho Towns : Environment: The negative mood is one of the legacies of a persistent campaign to keep saws and bulldozers out of a 6,000-acre timber sale area on national forest land"
493:
on topics such as anarchism, with which Foreman and other Earth First members did not wish to be associated. Most of the group's older members, including Dave Foreman, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, Christopher Manes, George Wuerthner, and
1039:
for two days. This action coincided with the Earth First roadshow, in which a group of UK & US Earth Firsters toured the country. Other early campaigns also focused on timber-yards, most notably the Timbmet yard in Oxford.
1141:, in concert with David Foreman, Ilse Asplund, Margaret Millett, and Mark Baker. Davis had been charged with "using a torch to cut around the base of the top pylon of the main chair lift at Snowbowl on October 25, 1988."
498:
editor John Davis, became increasingly uncomfortable with this new direction. This tension reportedly led several of the founders to sever their ties to Earth First in 1990. Many of them went on to launch the magazine,
372:
Bart Koehler, Casey Neill and others performed regularly on Earth First! promotional roadshows as well as at gatherings, protests and blockades. Another project led by the organization at this time was the creation of
1114:
We knew EF US's original hardline 'rednecks for wilderness' attitude wouldn't appeal here, so we set out to build a group that combined radical action and social justice to protect Britain's few remaining natural
366:
often spoke at early gatherings, and his inspirational writings led him to be revered by the early movement. An annual gathering of the group was known as the Round River Rendezvous, with the name taken from an
974:
region to renounce the practice of tree-spiking, calling them counterproductive to an effort to form a coalition with workers and small logging businesses to defeat large-scale corporate logging in Northern
887:
On March 21, 2011, a U.S. federal judge in California ordered the FBI to preserve evidence related to the car bombing. The FBI was planning to destroy all evidence in the case. The bombing remains unsolved.
786:
attempted to protect the forest by trespassing inside an active logging site. During the logging operations, a large redwood was cut down by a Pacific Lumber logger and fell upon Chain, who died instantly.
3385:
1393:
1052:(ELF), which became a separate movement and spread back to the US. Actions involving criminal damage often happened under cover of night, typically done under an ELF banner and attributed to
3313:
3410:
1110:
The UK Earth First groups differed considerably from the U.S. groups as reported in a ten-year retrospective of the Earth First by two of the founders Jake Bowers and Jason Torrance:
1251:
293:
912:
In various parts of the United States, individual citizens and small groups form the base for grassroots political actions. These may take the form of legal actions, including
2298:
3415:
995:
376:, a tax-deductible fund which was established to provide financial support for research, advocacy and education by Earth First activists. The fund was later renamed the
947:
try to secure long-term victories. Reported tactics include road blockades, activists locking themselves to heavy equipment, tree-sitting, and sabotage of machinery.
2387:"Justice Delayed But Not Denied: Renowned Environmental Leaders Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney Win a Multi-Million Dollar Verdict in Civil Rights Suit Against the FBI"
1526:
1445:
2127:
2890:
2541:
1182:
A gas pipeline in Aspen Colorado was sabotaged turning off heat to 3,500 people on December 29, 2020. The perpetrators wrote "Earth First!" on the pipeline.
2439:
1923:
768:
In 1997, as part of the ongoing HeadWaters Redwoods protests, activists locked themselves to a redwood stump which was carried into California Congressman
1274:
1174:
received a letter signed "Earth First" stating that the ski lift had been sabotaged with a welding gas applied to the lift cable that weakens the metal.
943:). Often, disruptive direct action is used primarily as a stalling tactic in an attempt to prevent possible environmental destruction while Earth First
782:
The first acknowledged death of an Earth First activist occurred on September 18, 1998, in Northern California's Redwood forests. Earth First activist
779:
The 1990s lawsuit, Headwaters Forest Defense vs. Humboldt County, charged that police officers were using excessive force, including chemical weapons.
884:, directed by Mary Liz Thomson, was released in 2012. The filmmakers are offering a $ 50,000 reward for information leading the arrest of the bomber.
3308:
2030:
1385:
1341:"The FBI vs. the Monkeywrenchers: The Eco-Guerrillas of Earth First! Say They're Saving the Planet, The Government Calls Them Criminal Saboteurs"
2247:
TreeHuggers: Victory, Defeat & Renewal in the Northwest Ancient Forest Campaign. by Kathie Durbin. The Mountaineers Press Seattle. p264-276.
1918:
285:
982:
Police used non-lethal weapons and tactics against Earth First protesters including pepper spray, pain compliance holds, police dogs, and the
3268:
3250:
3235:
3220:
3191:
3176:
3139:
3117:
3102:
3072:
3057:
3042:
3027:
3012:
1468:
1168:
using a chemical to write messages on 11 greens, such as "Earth First!", "Hayduke lives" and "Ron you pig". In relation to the incident, the
878:, was released in 2006. It was directed by Bernadine Mellis, whose father is one of the lawyers featured in the documentary. The documentary
2147:
TreeHuggers: Victory, Defeat & Renewal in the Northwest Ancient Forest Campaign. by Kathie Durbin. The Mountaineers Press Seattle. p270.
1299:
2964:
1964:
3087:
2406:
1508:
1421:
1320:
3390:
3154:
1541:
705:
687:
629:
573:
1612:
3420:
1635:
1133:
Earth First member Mark Davis was sentenced in Federal court to six years in prison for malicious destruction of property at the
1699:
469:
or the despoliation of wild places. The change in direction attracted many new members to Earth First, some of whom came from a
1922:. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Crime, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Federal Government. June 9, 1998.
1017:
905:. One of the early critics of Earth First's change in tactics later accused the FBI of deliberately introducing the concept of
860:
596:
2339:
1804:
1571:
1485:
1067:
was started, against the M3 in Hampshire. Whilst Earth First groups still played an essential part, other groups such as the
669:
1946:
757:
and his company Maxxam, Inc. purchased Pacific Lumber Company in 1985, and planned to liquidate its assets including these
665:
559:
2783:
1407:
1994:
796:
312:
338:
During the group's early years (1980–1986), Earth First mixed publicity stunts (such as rolling a plastic "crack" down
3395:
2838:
2604:"Earth First! Action Reports - Direct action - no leaders - confront, stop & reverse the destruction of the earth"
2299:"Florida Sheriffs Train in Defeating "Sleeping Dragon" Lockboxes Using Jackhammers, Chainsaws - Earth First! Newswire"
346:
proposals that reportedly surpassed the actions that mainstream environmental groups were willing to take (relying on
2603:
2119:
3303:
1836:
830:
which mandated the logging of thousands of acres of old-growth forest. The United States Forest Service declared an
3331:
2902:
1165:
392:
155:
108:
2284:
2189:
2166:
166:, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and Ron Kezar. Today there are Earth First groups around the world including ones in
2386:
1068:
1045:
804:
746:
308:
289:
2650:
2632:
2325:
3400:
3294:
3281:
2864:
2234:
148:
2358:
2063:
765:
been caused by tree-spiking by Earth First! members, but no conclusive evidence has been found to prove this.
2424:
2086:
1913:
1869:
3162:
LISTEN: The Story of the People at Taku Wakan Tipi and the Reroute of Highway 55 or The Minnehaha Free State
2679:
2257:
1149:
1079:
were means of communication between the groups. The movement grew to other road protest camps including the
658:
297:
1063:
Major growth in the direct action movement started with a concurrent focus on roads, and a protest camp at
3405:
2722:
1170:
1049:
750:
726:
600:
269:
151:
2751:
2022:
3286:
2577:
1893:
1340:
1088:
962:(or ecotage), although there is no evidence that Earth First was involved in related activity. In 1990,
871:
police resulted in a 2002 jury verdict awarding her estate and Darryl Cherney a total of $ 4.4 million.
733:
protesters threaded their arms, or using bicycle U-locks in order to lock their necks to other objects.
384:
2523:
1160:
On August 10, 1991, vandals identifying themselves as members of Earth First forced the closing of the
831:
2425:"Judi Bari Revisited: New Film Exposes FBI Coverup of 1990 Car Bombing of California Environmentalist"
1769:
3357:
1279:
1161:
880:
783:
722:
489:, the heckling of Edward Abbey at the 1987 Earth First rendezvous, and back-and-forth debates in the
377:
351:
347:
3080:
Earth First! and the Anti-Roads Movement: Radical Environmentalism and Comparative Social Movements
1367:
1096:
1095:
in order to slow down the construction work. Later the focus widened to other campaigns including
967:
868:
807:. The group of EarthFirst activists focused on this area were called the "Cove-Mallard Coalition".
423:
195:
2203:
3369:
2945:
2340:"Earth First activists win case / FBI, cops must pay $ 4.4 million for actions after car bombing"
1774:
1269:
1138:
917:
814:
773:
742:
459:
416:
408:
2542:"Earth First! protests the destruction of Redwood Forests (Redwood Summer), United States, 1990"
403:-based Cathedral Forest Action Group) were not an efficient form of protection against logging,
2505:
1750:
3264:
3246:
3231:
3216:
3187:
3172:
3150:
3135:
3113:
3098:
3083:
3068:
3053:
3038:
3023:
3008:
2972:
2937:
1898:
1844:
1812:
1779:
1520:
1464:
1439:
1289:
1036:
758:
565:
506:
466:
400:
1024:. It grew rapidly, and many groups formed, with or without the EF name, over the next years.
292:
employee Ron Kezar, united to form Earth First. While traveling in Foreman's VW bus from the
3364:
2929:
1145:
1134:
902:
898:
1461:
The Rebirth of Environmentalism: Grassroots Activism from the Spotted Owl to the Polar Bear
1317:
1004:
An arrest at the Liverpool docks (1992), with protestors occupying cranes in the background
3298:
1972:
1324:
1284:
1028:
959:
754:
339:
1549:
718:
Since 1990, action within the Earth First movement has become increasingly influenced by
481:. Dave Foreman has suggested that this led to the introduction of activities such as a "
3345:
2555:
2391:
1649:
1144:
The resort attack, sabotage at Energy Fuels' Canyon uranium mine (6 miles southeast of
1100:
1080:
856:
478:
235:
179:
37:
2809:
1703:
1031:
and focused around the importation of tropical hardwood. The second major action, the
3379:
2949:
2487:
2457:
1060:, or the Earth Liberation Faeries, giving a distinctly British feel to the movement.
447:
301:
251:
246:
239:
118:
64:
1939:"A decade after Headwaters deal, truce comes to Northern California redwood country"
2475:
TreeHuggers: Victory, Defeat & Renewal in the Northwest Ancient Forest Campaign
1729:
1627:
1104:
1064:
1000:
955:
921:
906:
611:
517:
486:
427:
412:
363:
332:
328:
316:
281:
274:
264:
256:
163:
159:
76:
68:
2933:
2865:"FBI aids in investigation of gas pipeline sabotage that turned heat off in Aspen"
1493:
521:
516:
Starting in the mid-1980s, Earth First increasingly promoted and identified with "
2474:
2159:"Last line of defense, civil disobedience and protest slowdown 'lawless logging'"
1938:
1604:
2918:"Activist or terrorist? Negotiating discourses of eco-terror in If a Tree Falls"
2917:
1585:
1152:
aqueduct, were characterized as dress rehearsals for attacks on nuclear plants.
769:
647:
529:
219:
215:
207:
72:
1563:
1542:"Doug Fir Defends Doug Firs: the first Earth First! Aerial Blockade opens 1985"
1368:"Radical Environmentalists: Who Are These People And What Are They Doing Here?"
776:. HeadWaters was an ongoing protest lasting over a decade, and ending in 2009.
513:, welcomed the new direct-action tactics and leftist direction of Earth First.
383:
In the spring of 1985, a nationwide call to action against the logging company
3340:
976:
940:
501:
343:
260:
2976:
2941:
2611:
2100:
1848:
1816:
1783:
3259:
1092:
963:
852:
719:
510:
474:
431:
167:
528:
have equal value in and of themselves, without regard for their utility to
1509:"Treesits, lock-ons and barricades: Environmental blockading in the 1980s"
1422:"Treesits, lock-ons and barricades: Environmental blockading in the 1980s"
1044:
neither 'condemn nor condone' criminal damage, instead it focused more on
17:
1084:
1009:
983:
932:
928:
867:
Bari died of cancer in 1997, but her federal lawsuit against the FBI and
741:
The HeadWaters campaign in Northern California aimed to protect the last
463:
404:
227:
2636:
2524:"Earth First! Tactics in Fight to Save Planet Anger Some, Tickle Others"
1294:
1072:
944:
936:
913:
672: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
470:
451:
438:'s deputies were lifted in a crane box and wrestled him from the tree.
435:
422:
On May 23, 1985, Mike Jakubal led the first Earth First tree sit. When
211:
187:
171:
122:
307:
The co-founders of the group were called to action during the second "
3050:
Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization
2506:"Ecotage: A Practical or Punishable Means of Environmental Activism?"
2317:
1673:
Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization
1217:
The film is based on the 1990s Earth First-led "Cascadia Free State"
1013:
971:
859:. Bari and Cherney were arrested due to suspicions by the police and
396:
368:
278:
223:
203:
183:
175:
3291:
2704:
2658:
2276:
2226:
2181:
2158:
1685:
1008:
The movement in the United Kingdom started in 1990, when a group in
354:
perspective). The group's proposals were published in a periodical,
2752:"Plane Stupid - bringing the aviation industry back down to earth!"
2055:
1257:
EF, along with the ELF, were the subject of this documentary film.
1242:
EF, along with the ELF, were the subject of this documentary film.
3095:
Coyotes and Town Dogs: Earth First! and the Environmental Movement
2078:
1894:"Booby-Trapped Tree Was Felled in Area Known for Bizarre Protests"
1057:
1053:
999:
986:
in attempts to coerce the protesters to abandon their lock downs.
800:
607:
524:, Bill Devall, and George Sessions, which holds that all forms of
231:
199:
191:
391:
brought Earth First members from around the United States to the
3318:
2683:
1103:. More recently, there have been groups such as Peat Alert! and
1027:
The first major Earth First action happened in December 1991 at
1021:
925:
848:
525:
482:
133:
2730:
2488:"Nonviolence and Its Violent Consequences by William P. Meyers"
2214:(9). Environmental Review Educational Services. September 1996.
1148:), and attempting to cut down power-line towers leading to the
3169:
Eco-Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement
3065:
Eco-Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement
3005:
The Earth First! Reader: Ten Years of Radical Environmentalism
641:
580:
539:
455:
3324:
2810:"JUDGE REJECTS SEPARATE TRIAL FOR EARTH FIRST 3/8 CO-FOUNDER"
2759:
2477:. by Kathie Durbin. The Mountaineers Press Seattle. p 269-271
1914:"Acts of Ecoterrorism by Radical Environmental Organizations"
1075:, such publications as the "Earth First! Action Update", and
2204:"Logging Without Laws: How the Timber Rider Passed Congress"
795:
Between 1992 and 1998 took place the largest timber sale in
749:) 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) of forest from logging by the
1564:"Flogging treesitting to the '85 Washington Rendezvous-ers"
1486:"Earth First's first treesitting civil disobedience action"
509:. On the other hand, Roselle, along with activists such as
1628:"Region: Pacific Northwest Forest: Willamette File: 5330"
1318:
Federal Bureau of Investigation - Congressional Testimony
1048:
techniques. Some people at the gathering coined the term
939:" by some Earth First members, who claim it is a form of
446:
After 1987, Earth First became primarily associated with
799:
history, the Cove-Mallard timber sale of 6,000 acres in
3199:
The Ecocentrists: A History of Radical Environmentalism
2965:"Crimes Against Property, as Protests (Published 2011)"
950:
Earth First was known for providing information in the
273:, a small group of environmental activists composed of
3386:
Environmental organizations based in the United States
1275:
Environmental history of the United States#Ecocentrics
1252:
If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front
294:
El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve
245:
Inspired by several environmental writings, including
3329:
2895:
Green Theory & Praxis: The Journal of Ecopedagogy
2891:"Testify! - Eco-Defense and the Politics of Violence"
2407:"'Who Bombed Judi Bari?' documentary seeks an answer"
1719:. by Craig Rosebraugh. Lantern Books, New York. p. 20
916:, timber sale appeals, and educational campaigns or
3243:
Walking on the Edge: How I Infiltrated Earth First!
2922:
Applied Environmental Education & Communication
901:, locally informed activists whose ideas stem from
874:A documentary movie about the court case, entitled
128:
114:
104:
90:
82:
60:
52:
44:
426:law enforcement official Steve Slagowski arrived,
300:, the group pledged, "No compromise in defense of
288:representatives Bart Koehler and Howie Wolke, and
3147:Do or Die - Voices from the Ecological Resistance
2571:
2569:
1805:"Ancient Redwoods Fall to a Wall Street Takeover"
1226:Testify! Eco-Defense and the Politics of Violence
996:Environmental direct action in the United Kingdom
2079:"Earth First!ers experience Idaho-style justice"
1035:, attracted between 200–600 people who occupied
3411:Environmental organizations established in 1980
2440:"Review: 'Who Bombed Judi Bari?' wants to know"
1112:
399:. After finding road blockades (carried out by
2258:"UW.Org: China Left Timber Sale, June 4, 1997"
356:Earth First! The Radical Environmental Journal
2784:"Man Gets 6 Years in Plot to Damage A-Plants"
2576:Bowers, Jake; Torrance, Jason (May 2, 2001).
2556:"The Secret History of Tree Spiking - Part 1"
477:political background or were involved in the
327:Earth First was founded on April 4, 1980, by
8:
3213:Ecoterror: The Violent Agenda to Save Nature
3035:Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching
2833:
2831:
2778:
2776:
1745:
1743:
851:exploded in the car of Earth First activist
335:, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and Ron Kezar.
30:
2120:"Prosecutors portray close-knit arson team"
2056:"Logging protesters say they won't give up"
1525:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1444:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
574:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2839:"Vandals Force Closing of New Golf Course"
2049:
2047:
1730:"Locking Down with Lockboxes - Crimethinc"
1194:
610:. Please do not remove this message until
505:, as well as the environmental group, the
36:
29:
2889:Becker, Michael; Gamboa, Stephen (2007).
2381:
2379:
706:Learn how and when to remove this message
688:Learn how and when to remove this message
630:Learn how and when to remove this message
3416:1980 establishments in the United States
2318:"In Oregon, tension over coho and trees"
1870:"A Titan of Logging Threatens to Topple"
1626:Christensen, James A. (August 8, 1985).
745:forests, Headwaters Grove (now known as
606:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3336:
3184:Earth First and the Anti-Roads Movement
1995:"Death and anguish in the redwood wars"
1310:
3110:Earth First!: Environmental Apocalypse
1919:United States House of Representatives
1570:. EarthFirst! Journal. June 14, 1985.
1518:
1437:
1213:Pickaxe, the Cascadia Free State Story
462:which may cause severe destruction of
3282:The History and Impact of Earth First
2357:Guthmann, Edward (February 1, 2005).
2180:Elderkin, Susan (September 2, 1996).
2016:
2014:
1958:
1956:
434:, until July 20 when two Linn County
7:
1963:Wilson, Nicholas (August 22, 1998).
1611:. Earth First! Journal, Vol. 5, #7.
1362:
1360:
1334:
1332:
1091:in London, where whole streets were
855:, injuring Bari and fellow activist
670:adding citations to reliable sources
1837:"Maxxam Buys 60% Of Pacific Lumber"
1751:"Earth First! Direct Action Manual"
1300:List of environmental organizations
309:Roadless Area Review and Evaluation
3125:Books about Earth First, post–1990
2275:Giller, Chip (November 13, 1995).
1686:"Earth First! The Next Generation"
1420:3CR; McIntyre, Iain (2019-04-01).
25:
2438:Sheri Linden (December 6, 2012).
2427:. Democracy Now!. March 27, 2012.
2225:Davis, Tony (September 2, 1996).
2157:Davis, Tony (September 2, 1996).
2118:Bernton, Hal (January 21, 2006).
1426:The Commons Social Change Library
1339:Lerner, Michael A. (1990-04-15).
555:This section has multiple issues.
3363:
3351:
3339:
2328:from the original on 2015-10-29.
2287:from the original on 2009-11-01.
2237:from the original on 2016-01-19.
2192:from the original on 2010-10-03.
2182:"What a difference a year makes"
2169:from the original on 2013-09-26.
2089:from the original on 2015-04-02.
2066:from the original on 2015-09-24.
1949:from the original on 2012-01-04.
1926:from the original on 2001-01-09.
1757:(3rd ed.). 2 February 2015.
1638:from the original on 2005-05-07.
1615:from the original on 2005-05-07.
1605:"The Battle for Millenium Grove"
1574:from the original on 2005-05-07.
1396:from the original on 2018-07-02.
1390:Environment & Society Portal
646:
585:
544:
2723:"peat alert in south yorkshire"
2316:Chilson, Peter (July 7, 1997).
2208:Environmental Review Newsletter
2130:from the original on 2021-04-17
2054:Freeman, Ross (March 6, 1995).
2033:from the original on 2020-11-26
1099:, anti-genetics campaigns, and
1018:Dungeness nuclear power station
861:Federal Bureau of Investigation
657:needs additional citations for
563:or discuss these issues on the
2963:Holden, Stephen (2011-06-21).
2458:"Headlines for March 22, 2011"
1993:Rosenfeld, Seth (1999-03-14).
1803:Lindsey, Robert (1988-03-02).
1717:Burning Rage of a Dying Planet
1408:Earth First! A Founder’s Story
1:
3206:Books critical of Earth First
3020:Confessions of an Eco-Warrior
2934:10.1080/1533015X.2017.1366879
1937:Rogers, Paul (8 March 2009).
1868:Reiterman, Tim (2005-02-21).
1513:Commons Social Change Library
1507:3CR; MacIntyre, Iain (2018).
1135:Fairfield Snowbowl Ski Resort
1129:Fairfield Snowbowl Ski Resort
966:convinced Earth First in the
520:", a philosophy put forth by
2651:"Earth First! Action Update"
2277:"Clinton says: Stop logging"
2077:Olsen, Ken (March 1, 1994).
2021:Ashton, Linda (1995-01-01).
1768:Brower, David (1996-09-15).
1675:. Little, Brown and Company.
797:United States Forest Service
158:. It was founded in 1980 by
152:environmental advocacy group
27:Environmental advocacy group
2998:Books about the early years
2363:The San Francisco Chronicle
1965:"Pepper Spray Trial Begins"
1540:Huber, Ron (May 28, 1985).
1459:Bevington, Douglas (2009).
612:conditions to do so are met
485:-in" at a shopping mall, a
323:Early years, from 1980–1989
97:Active in over 19 countries
3437:
2916:Olson, Jade (2018-01-02).
1671:Christopher Manes (1991).
1386:"Introducing Earth First!"
1166:Mountain Village, Colorado
993:
784:David Nathan "Gypsy" Chain
393:Willamette National Forest
358:, informally known as the
156:Southwestern United States
109:Southwestern United States
3228:How Deep is Deep Ecology?
3197:Woodhouse, Keith Makoto.
2227:"When the crackdown came"
1702:. fbi.gov. Archived from
1046:non-violent direct action
805:Nez Perce National Forest
747:Headwaters Forest Reserve
290:Bureau of Land Management
35:
3391:Radical environmentalism
3309:Introducing Earth First!
2633:"Earth First! Gathering"
2124:archive.seattletimes.com
2101:"Earth Liberation Front"
1603:Huber, Ron (July 1985).
1484:Huber, Ron (June 1985).
1323:October 2, 2002, at the
897:Earth First identify as
876:The Forest for the Trees
815:William "Avalon" Rodgers
86:Environmental protection
3421:Anti-consumerist groups
2105:targetofopportunity.com
1178:Aspen Pipeline Sabotage
1171:Telluride Times Journal
1150:Central Arizona Project
1071:soon formed. Alongside
1016:organised an action at
374:Earth First! Foundation
298:Albuquerque, New Mexico
154:that originated in the
1238:Green With A Vengeance
1117:
1050:Earth Liberation Front
1033:Merseyside Dock Action
1005:
892:Protest and ecodefense
751:Pacific Lumber Company
727:Earth Liberation Front
296:in northern Mexico to
270:The Monkey Wrench Gang
3304:Earth First! Newswire
3287:Earth First Worldwide
2814:Associated Press News
2709:geneticsaction.org.uk
2411:The Los Angeles Times
2303:Earth First! Newswire
2262:umpqua-watersheds.org
2126:. The Seattle Times.
2085:. High Country News.
2062:. High Country News.
1770:"Forest on the Verge"
1089:M11 link road protest
1003:
881:Who Bombed Judi Bari?
843:Judi Bari car bombing
458:, and other forms of
411:Mike Jakubal devised
385:Willamette Industries
3292:Earth First! Journal
3160:King, Elli (Editor)
3048:Manes, Christopher.
1734:historyisaweapon.com
1280:Extinction Rebellion
1162:Telluride Ski Resort
1156:Telluride Ski Resort
952:Earth First! Journal
903:communitarian ethics
723:political philosophy
666:improve this article
496:Earth First! Journal
491:Earth First! Journal
415:as a more effective
389:Earth First! Journal
378:Fund for Wild Nature
360:Earth First! Journal
348:conservation biology
342:) with far-reaching
3258:The Secret Wars of
2901:(1). Archived from
2816:. December 21, 1990
2790:. September 8, 1991
1700:"Provencio Release"
1688:. 2 September 1996.
1586:"Earth First! 1985"
1097:Reclaim the Streets
968:Northern California
954:on the practice of
869:Oakland, California
791:Cove-Mallard Timber
599:of this section is
424:U.S. Forest Service
387:, published in the
313:U.S. Forest Service
311:" (RARE II) by the
32:
3396:Anti-road protests
3297:2020-09-30 at the
3226:Bradford, George.
3157:) (ISSN 1462-5989)
3145:EF! Publications.
2969:The New York Times
2843:The New York Times
2788:The New York Times
1841:The New York Times
1809:The New York Times
1775:The New York Times
1270:Conservation ethic
1139:Flagstaff, Arizona
1006:
918:civil disobedience
759:old-growth forests
743:old-growth redwood
417:civil disobedience
286:Wilderness Society
3314:documentary films
3269:978-1-893554-74-0
3251:978-0-936783-12-3
3236:978-0-87810-035-4
3221:978-0-939571-18-5
3192:978-0-415-19064-0
3177:978-1-59874-028-8
3140:978-1-56751-026-3
3118:978-0-8156-0365-8
3103:978-0-8165-2185-2
3073:978-1-59874-028-8
3058:978-0-316-54532-7
3043:978-0-9637751-0-8
3028:978-0-517-88058-6
3013:978-0-87905-387-1
3003:Davis, John, ed.
2845:. August 11, 1991
2655:earthfirst.org.uk
2608:earthfirst.org.uk
2530:. 14 August 1988.
2528:Los Angeles Times
2492:iiipublishing.com
2444:Los Angeles Times
2413:. March 25, 2012.
2359:"Is the biograph"
2322:High Country News
2281:High Country News
2231:High Country News
2186:High Country News
2163:High Country News
2027:Los Angeles Times
1899:Los Angeles Times
1874:Los Angeles Times
1706:on 23 March 2003.
1470:978-1-59726-656-7
1392:. 17 April 2018.
1345:Los Angeles Times
1290:Green syndicalism
1261:
1260:
1191:Documentary films
832:exclusionary zone
716:
715:
708:
698:
697:
690:
640:
639:
632:
578:
536:From 1990–present
507:Wildlands Project
142:
141:
134:earthfirstjournal
16:(Redirected from
3428:
3368:
3367:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3343:
3335:
3241:Clausen, Barry.
3033:Foreman, David.
3018:Foreman, David.
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2869:The Colorado Sun
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2758:. Archived from
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2729:. Archived from
2727:peatalert.org.uk
2719:
2713:
2712:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2682:. Archived from
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2657:. Archived from
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:. Archived from
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2610:. Archived from
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1971:. Archived from
1960:
1951:
1950:
1943:The Mercury News
1934:
1928:
1927:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1548:. Archived from
1537:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1516:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1492:. Archived from
1481:
1475:
1474:
1463:. Island Press.
1456:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1327:
1315:
1195:
1146:Tusayan, Arizona
711:
704:
693:
686:
682:
679:
673:
650:
642:
635:
628:
624:
621:
615:
589:
588:
581:
570:
548:
547:
540:
350:research from a
138:
135:
40:
33:
21:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3401:Green anarchism
3376:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3338:
3330:
3325:Earth First! UK
3299:Wayback Machine
3278:
3256:Coleman, Kate.
3208:
3127:
3000:
2995:
2993:Further reading
2990:
2981:
2979:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2756:planestupid.com
2750:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2346:. 11 June 2002.
2338:
2337:
2333:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1517:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1410:, Lowbagger.org
1406:Wolke, Howie,
1405:
1401:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1325:Wayback Machine
1316:
1312:
1308:
1285:Green anarchism
1266:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1158:
1131:
1126:
1037:Liverpool docks
1029:Port of Tilbury
998:
992:
960:monkeywrenching
894:
845:
823:
793:
755:Charles Hurwitz
739:
712:
701:
700:
699:
694:
683:
677:
674:
663:
651:
636:
625:
619:
616:
605:
590:
586:
549:
545:
538:
444:
340:Glen Canyon Dam
325:
132:
100:
75:
71:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3348:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3289:
3284:
3277:
3276:External links
3274:
3273:
3272:
3254:
3239:
3224:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3180:
3165:
3158:
3143:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3106:
3093:Zakin, Susan.
3091:
3088:978-0415190640
3076:
3061:
3046:
3031:
3016:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2955:
2908:
2905:on 2011-07-26.
2881:
2856:
2827:
2801:
2772:
2743:
2714:
2696:
2671:
2642:
2639:on 2006-04-02.
2624:
2595:
2565:
2547:
2533:
2515:
2497:
2479:
2467:
2462:Democracy Now!
2449:
2430:
2416:
2398:
2392:Democracy Now!
2375:
2349:
2331:
2308:
2290:
2267:
2249:
2240:
2217:
2195:
2172:
2149:
2140:
2110:
2092:
2069:
2043:
2010:
1985:
1969:Albion Monitor
1952:
1929:
1905:
1902:. 16 May 1987.
1885:
1860:
1843:. 1985-12-06.
1828:
1795:
1760:
1739:
1721:
1709:
1691:
1677:
1664:
1641:
1618:
1595:
1577:
1555:
1552:on 2005-10-16.
1532:
1499:
1496:on 2005-10-16.
1476:
1469:
1451:
1412:
1399:
1377:
1372:zachbardon.com
1356:
1328:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1157:
1154:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1081:Newbury bypass
994:Main article:
991:
990:United Kingdom
988:
984:threat of guns
935:(also called "
909:to the group.
893:
890:
857:Darryl Cherney
844:
841:
822:
819:
792:
789:
738:
735:
714:
713:
696:
695:
654:
652:
645:
638:
637:
593:
591:
584:
579:
553:
552:
550:
543:
537:
534:
479:counterculture
454:, building of
443:
440:
407:Ron Huber and
324:
321:
236:United Kingdom
180:Czech Republic
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
99:
98:
94:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3433:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Direct action
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3358:United States
3349:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3211:Arnold, Ron.
3210:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:Scarce, Rik.
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:0-9545662-0-3
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:Lee, Martha.
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:Wall, Derek.
3077:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3063:Scarce, Rik.
3062:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2762:on 2006-04-15
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2733:on 2008-05-16
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2686:on 2008-09-16
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2661:on 2009-02-12
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2614:on 2009-02-04
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1975:on 2001-11-15
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1651:
1650:"Tree sitter"
1645:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1002:
997:
989:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
970:and Southern
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:decentralized
891:
889:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
870:
865:
862:
858:
854:
850:
842:
840:
836:
833:
827:
821:Free Cascadia
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
790:
788:
785:
780:
777:
775:
771:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
736:
734:
730:
728:
724:
721:
710:
707:
692:
689:
681:
671:
667:
661:
660:
655:This section
653:
649:
644:
643:
634:
631:
623:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
592:
583:
582:
577:
575:
568:
567:
562:
561:
556:
551:
542:
541:
535:
533:
531:
527:
526:life on Earth
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:direct action
442:Direct action
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
419:alternative.
418:
414:
410:
409:Washingtonian
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:
252:Silent Spring
248:
247:Rachel Carson
243:
241:
240:United States
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
137:
131:
127:
124:
120:
119:Direct action
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
96:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3317:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3198:
3183:
3182:Wall, Derek
3168:
3161:
3146:
3131:
3130:Bari, Judi.
3109:
3094:
3079:
3064:
3049:
3034:
3019:
3004:
2980:. Retrieved
2968:
2958:
2928:(1): 57–66.
2925:
2921:
2911:
2903:the original
2898:
2894:
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2871:. 2020-12-29
2868:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2842:
2818:. Retrieved
2813:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2787:
2764:. Retrieved
2760:the original
2755:
2746:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:the original
2674:
2663:. Retrieved
2659:the original
2654:
2645:
2637:the original
2627:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:The Guardian
2581:
2578:"Grey green"
2559:
2550:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2433:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2390:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2321:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2280:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2230:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2198:
2185:
2175:
2162:
2152:
2143:
2132:. Retrieved
2123:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2082:
2072:
2059:
2035:. Retrieved
2026:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1968:
1942:
1932:
1917:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1820:. Retrieved
1808:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
1773:
1763:
1754:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:the original
1694:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1656:. Retrieved
1644:
1631:
1621:
1608:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1567:
1558:
1550:the original
1545:
1535:
1512:
1502:
1494:the original
1489:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1313:
1250:
1237:
1225:
1212:
1181:
1169:
1159:
1143:
1132:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:Plane Stupid
1076:
1069:Dongas tribe
1065:Twyford Down
1062:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1007:
981:
956:tree-spiking
951:
949:
922:tree sitting
920:, including
911:
907:Non-Violence
895:
886:
879:
875:
873:
866:
846:
837:
828:
824:
813:
809:
794:
781:
778:
772:' office in
767:
763:
740:
731:
717:
702:
684:
675:
664:Please help
659:verification
656:
626:
617:
595:
571:
564:
558:
557:Please help
554:
530:human beings
518:deep ecology
515:
500:
495:
490:
487:flag burning
445:
428:Mike Roselle
421:
413:tree sitting
388:
382:
373:
364:Edward Abbey
359:
355:
337:
333:Mike Roselle
329:Dave Foreman
326:
317:E. O. Wilson
306:
302:Mother Earth
282:Mike Roselle
275:Dave Foreman
268:
265:Edward Abbey
257:Aldo Leopold
250:
244:
164:Mike Roselle
160:Dave Foreman
145:Earth First!
144:
143:
123:Eco-sabotage
77:Bart Koehler
69:Mike Roselle
65:Dave Foreman
45:Abbreviation
31:Earth First!
3370:Environment
3132:Timber Wars
2680:"Do or Die"
1186:Filmography
1101:Rising Tide
847:In 1990, a
770:Frank Riggs
460:development
450:to prevent
395:of Western
220:Philippines
216:New Zealand
208:Netherlands
73:Howie Wolke
3380:Categories
2982:2020-11-13
2875:2021-04-17
2766:2019-08-01
2737:2006-06-05
2690:2006-03-28
2665:2008-12-23
2618:2008-12-23
2368:January 8,
2134:2021-04-17
2037:2021-04-17
2004:2021-04-17
1979:2015-10-16
1879:2021-04-17
1854:2021-04-17
1822:2021-04-17
1789:2021-04-17
1658:2023-08-11
1632:penbay.org
1609:penbay.org
1590:penbay.org
1568:penbay.org
1546:penbay.org
1490:penbay.org
1431:2024-08-12
1350:2020-11-13
1306:References
977:California
941:ecodefense
737:HeadWaters
597:neutrality
560:improve it
502:Wild Earth
405:Marylander
352:biocentric
344:wilderness
284:, Wyoming
261:land ethic
238:, and the
18:Root Force
3260:Judi Bari
2977:0362-4331
2950:148676428
2942:1533-015X
1849:0362-4331
1817:0362-4331
1784:0362-4331
1077:Do or Die
964:Judi Bari
929:blockades
853:Judi Bari
803:near the
720:anarchist
678:June 2015
620:June 2015
608:talk page
566:talk page
522:Arne Næss
511:Judi Bari
475:anarchist
432:Yggdrasil
401:Corvallis
380:in 1991.
168:Australia
3295:Archived
3263:(2005) (
3245:(1994) (
3230:(1989) (
3215:(1997) (
3186:(1999) (
3171:(2006) (
3134:(1994) (
3112:(1995) (
3097:(1993) (
3082:(1999) (
3067:(2006) (
3052:(1990) (
3037:(1985) (
3022:(1991) (
3007:(1991) (
2849:June 16,
2820:June 16,
2794:June 16,
2705:"ライトデビル"
2584:. London
2326:Archived
2285:Archived
2235:Archived
2190:Archived
2167:Archived
2128:Archived
2087:Archived
2064:Archived
2031:Archived
1947:Archived
1924:Archived
1636:Archived
1613:Archived
1572:Archived
1521:cite web
1440:cite web
1394:Archived
1321:Archived
1264:See also
1124:Sabotage
1093:squatted
1087:and the
1010:Hastings
945:lawsuits
933:sabotage
914:protests
601:disputed
467:habitats
464:wildlife
228:Slovakia
91:Location
3346:Society
3332:Portals
2560:iww.org
2510:uci.edu
2083:hcn.org
2060:hcn.org
1295:Hayduke
1115:places.
1073:SchNEWS
937:ecotage
471:leftist
452:logging
436:sheriff
212:Nigeria
196:Ireland
188:Germany
172:Belgium
149:radical
129:Website
105:Origins
61:Founder
53:Founded
3267:
3249:
3234:
3219:
3201:(2018)
3190:
3175:
3164:(2006)
3153:
3138:
3116:
3101:
3086:
3071:
3056:
3041:
3026:
3011:
2975:
2948:
2940:
2588:May 1,
2344:SFGate
1999:SFGATE
1847:
1815:
1782:
1467:
1204:Notes
1201:Title
1083:, the
1058:pixies
1014:Sussex
972:Oregon
931:, and
774:Eureka
397:Oregon
369:Ojibwa
279:Yippie
263:, and
234:, the
224:Poland
218:, the
206:, the
204:Mexico
184:France
178:, the
176:Canada
115:Method
2946:S2CID
1755:Issuu
1653:(jpg)
1247:2011
1234:2009
1222:2005
1209:1999
1198:Year
1137:near
1054:elves
801:Idaho
277:, ex-
232:Spain
200:Italy
192:India
147:is a
136:.news
83:Focus
3319:IMDb
3265:ISBN
3247:ISBN
3232:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3136:ISBN
3114:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3084:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3054:ISBN
3039:ISBN
3024:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2973:ISSN
2938:ISSN
2851:2013
2822:2013
2796:2013
2590:2010
2370:2009
1845:ISSN
1813:ISSN
1780:ISSN
1527:link
1465:ISBN
1446:link
1056:and
1022:Kent
958:and
926:road
849:bomb
594:The
483:puke
456:dams
304:!".
56:1980
3316:on
2930:doi
1164:in
1085:A30
1020:in
668:by
473:or
267:'s
259:'s
249:'s
48:EF!
3382::
2971:.
2967:.
2944:.
2936:.
2926:17
2924:.
2920:.
2897:.
2893:.
2867:.
2841:.
2830:^
2812:.
2786:.
2775:^
2754:.
2725:.
2707:.
2653:.
2606:.
2580:.
2568:^
2558:.
2526:.
2508:.
2490:.
2460:.
2442:.
2409:.
2389:.
2378:^
2361:.
2342:.
2324:.
2320:.
2301:.
2283:.
2279:.
2260:.
2233:.
2229:.
2210:.
2206:.
2188:.
2184:.
2165:.
2161:.
2122:.
2103:.
2081:.
2058:.
2046:^
2029:.
2025:.
2013:^
1997:.
1967:.
1955:^
1945:.
1941:.
1916:.
1896:.
1872:.
1839:.
1811:.
1807:.
1778:.
1772:.
1753:.
1742:^
1732:.
1634:.
1630:.
1607:.
1588:.
1566:.
1544:.
1523:}}
1519:{{
1511:.
1488:.
1442:}}
1438:{{
1424:.
1388:.
1370:.
1359:^
1343:.
1331:^
1107:.
1012:,
979:.
924:,
761:.
753:.
569:.
532:.
362:.
331:,
255:,
242:.
230:,
226:,
222:,
214:,
210:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
174:,
170:,
162:,
121:,
3334::
3271:)
3253:)
3238:)
3223:)
3194:)
3179:)
3149:(
3142:)
3120:)
3105:)
3090:)
3075:)
3060:)
3045:)
3030:)
3015:)
2985:.
2952:.
2932::
2899:3
2878:.
2853:.
2824:.
2798:.
2769:.
2740:.
2711:.
2693:.
2668:.
2621:.
2592:.
2562:.
2544:.
2512:.
2494:.
2464:.
2446:.
2395:.
2372:.
2305:.
2264:.
2212:3
2137:.
2107:.
2040:.
2007:.
1982:.
1882:.
1857:.
1825:.
1792:.
1736:.
1661:.
1592:.
1529:)
1515:.
1473:.
1448:)
1434:.
1374:.
1353:.
709:)
703:(
691:)
685:(
680:)
676:(
662:.
633:)
627:(
622:)
618:(
614:.
604:.
576:)
572:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
