274:
43:
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230:. He went on to oppose the bill while it was in committee, defending the idea of a "primitive episcopacy", which would bring bishops into line with the rest of the clergy. In one speech in the House of Commons, Dering was quoted as saying:
258:
The bitter debates that the
Commons held on the Bill eventually resulted in the indication of parliamentary support for church reform. As a result, mobs started to invade churches, removing "scandalous images" and any other "signs of
316:
in order to formally restructure the Church of
England. Following the end of the First Civil War, the aims of the Root and Branch Bill were ultimately achieved in October 1646, when Parliament passed the
891:
273:
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In early 1641, the
Commons attempted to pass a series of constitutional measures, but the bishops ensured they were rejected by the House of Lords. The Commons responded by introducing the
200:
was reluctant to act on the Root and Branch
Petition, though it did ultimately refer the petition to committee in February 1641, with Vane and Fiennes being added to the committee.
896:
319:
Ordinance for the abolishing of
Archbishops and Bishops in England and Wales and for settling their lands and possessions upon Trustees for the use of the Commonwealth
297:
fled London, accompanied by many
Royalist MPs and Lords; this gave the anti-episcopal faction a majority in both houses, and the bill became law in February 1642.
444:
265:". After lengthy debates, the bill was eventually defeated in August 1641, dying without a vote as more critical matters began to occupy Parliament.
226:, not because he agreed with it, but because he thought the radical idea of abolishing the episcopacy would force the passage of the more moderate
192:, among others. Vane came to the front of the anti-episcopal faction, claiming that episcopacy was a corrupt doctrine "hastening us back again to
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250:. Indeed it is a fancy, a dream, a mere non-entity; it neither hath nor never had a being. If it be any thing, it is absolute
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Letham, Robert (2015). "The
Westminster Assembly and the Communion of the Saints". In Balserak, Jon; Snoddy, Richard (eds.).
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289:, which would remove them from the House of Lords, but this was also rejected. In December 1641, riots erupted throughout
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293:, which resulted in a number of deaths and prevented the bishops from attending the House of Lords. In January 1642,
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196:", while Fiennes argued that the episcopacy constituted a political and religious danger to English society. The
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Learning from the Past: Essays on
Reception, Catholicity, and Dialogue in Honour of Anthony N. S. Lane
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A History of the
English Church During the Civil Wars and Under the Commonwealth, 1640–1660, Volume 1
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A History of the
English Church During the Civil Wars and Under the Commonwealth, 1640–1660, Volume 1
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The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639–1660
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Smith, Steven (1979). "Almost Revolutionaries: The London Apprentices during the Civil Wars".
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Adamson, John (1990). "Oliver Cromwell and the Long Parliament". In Morrill, John (ed.).
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The Life of Sir Henry Vane the Younger: With a History of the Events of his Time
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The Life of Sir Henry Vane the Younger: With a History of the Events of his Time
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448:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 328.
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in August 1642, in which many of the anti-episcopal faction joined the
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by a crowd of 1,500. The petition called on Parliament to abolish
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on 11 December 1640. The petition had been signed by 15,000
172:, one of the chief proponents of the Root and Branch Bill.
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The Priesthood of the Old and New Testament by Succession
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Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion
312:. On 12 June 1643, the Parliamentarians convened the
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These heightened tensions led to the outbreak of the
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242:, and is as treasonous to reason as parity in a
465:. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 18–26, 42.
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641:Sir Harry Vane: His Life and Times (1613–1662)
585:. Vol. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
401:Sir Harry Vane: His Life and Times (1613–1662)
541:The English People and the English Revolution
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514:Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution
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545:. Great Britain: Penguin Books. p.
493:. London: Longmans, Green. p. 99.
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308:side, while their opponents joined the
27:1640 petition to the English Parliament
679:. London: E. Nash. pp. 160, 163.
203:This petition formed the basis of the
180:, the call for radical reforms in the
638:Adamson, J. H; Folland, H. F (1973).
398:Adamson, J. H; Folland, H. F (1973).
176:When the petition was debated in the
130:Text of statute as originally enacted
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822:Text of the Root and Branch Petition
576:"Dering, Edward (1598–1644)"
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582:Dictionary of National Biography
369:. London: E. Nash. p. 159.
211:and introduced in Parliament by
141:was a petition presented to the
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772:. Scarecrow Press. p. 60.
644:. Boston: Gambit. p. 159.
404:. Boston: Gambit. p. 157.
279:Westminster Assembly of Divines
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609:: J. Wilson. p. 118.
439:"Fiennes, Nathaniel"
32:United Kingdom legislation
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363:Ireland, William (1905).
149:and was presented to the
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712:. Verso. pp. 7–8.
710:The Leveller Revolution
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