896:
789:
326:, which "affords less freedom of choice than repeated balloting, because it denies voters the opportunity of basing their second or lesser choices on the results of earlier ballots, and because the candidate or proposition in last place is automatically eliminated and may thus be prevented from becoming a compromise choice". In any case, preferential voting can be used only if the bylaws specifically authorize it. It is worth noting that elimination of the candidate with fewest votes is a feature of
612:
2444:
665:. The panel shows the member's name and a light corresponding to how that member voted (green for yea, red for nay, and amber for present), keeps a running count of vote casts, and displays time remaining for a vote (most votes are held open for at least fifteen minutes). The system as used today is much the same as that used in the 1970s, although today, member's voting cards are
155:, as it is also called) has the effect of placing on the record how each member, or sometimes each delegation, votes; therefore, it has exactly the opposite effect of a ballot vote. It is usually confined to representative bodies, where the proceeds are published, since it enables constituents to know how their representatives voted on certain measures. It should not be used in a
544:(public meeting at which issues or candidates were presented). After the presiding magistrate called an end to this, citizens were dispersed into roped-off areas and were called forth in groups across raised gangways. Initially, each voter gave his vote orally to an official who made a note of it on an official tablet, but later in the Republic, the
1078:, relatively few roll call votes have been published that identify individual deputies' votes. The votes of individuals are recorded only if the voting is open and the electronic method is used. While not all votes are officially roll call votes, every time a deputy electronically votes a computer registers the individual deputy's vote.
934:" by asking members to call out their votes, typically saying "As many as are of that opinion, say 'aye'". The supporters of the measure shout "aye". The Speaker then says, "Of the contrary, 'no'" and the opponents of the measure shout "no". The Speaker then makes a determination of which side has won ("I think the Ayes have it.").
830:
In more than half of chambers, the clerk or secretary opens and closes the roll-call system. In seventeen chambers, the presiding officer opens and closes the system; in five chambers, the reading clerk opens and closes the system, and in nine chambers, some other legislative staffer opens and closes
718:
The third method is a recorded vote ("the yeas and nays"), currently taken by a roll call. The clerk calls the roll of senators alphabetical by name, and each
Senator individually responds. Following the call, the clerk then identifies those who voted in the affirmative and those in the negative. The
859:
A minority of state legislative chambers do not use an electronic voting system. Fourteen chambers use a traditional manual roll-call system in which the clerk calls the roll orally, records each member's vote on paper, and then tallies the ayes and nays. Twelve chambers use a hybrid system in which
669:
that contain identification information. Once a representative has voted, he or she may check the vote by reinserting the card and seeing which light is illuminated at the voting station. For the first ten minutes of a vote, a representative may also change his or her vote by reinserting the card to
964:
Before 2020, proposals to adopt electronic voting in
Parliament were considered but rejected.For a temporary period between 22 April and 20 May 2020 due to COVID-19, Parliament sat virtually and both houses conducted electronic voting known as "virtual divisions". Although this no longer applies in
714:
A division vote (taken by having each side stand) is rare in the Senate, but may be requested by any senator or ordered by the presiding officer if the outcome of the voice vote is doubtful. Like the voice vote, a division does not provide a record of how each senator voted. The chair announces the
654:
Under the system implemented in the 1970s, members of the House may vote at any one of a number of stations located throughout the chamber. Each member has a small plastic card, punched identically on either end. To cast a vote, the representative inserts the card into the station in any direction
341:
RONR advises against any such voting rule, saying that "The nominee receiving the lowest number of votes is never removed from the ballot unless the bylaws so require, or unless he withdraws – which, in the absence of such a bylaw, he is not obligated to do. The nominee in lowest place may turn out
949:
to alert members that a vote is to take place. Members then physically separate themselves into the division lobbies, the Aye lobby to the
Speaker's right and the No lobby to the Speaker's left. As members pass through the lobbies, clerks record their names and they are counted by tellers. Members
285:, the chamber, which had been deadlocked for 129 ballots, adopted a plurality rule stating that, if after three more ballots no one garnered a majority of the votes, the person receiving the highest number of votes on the next ensuing ballot would be declared speaker. On the decisive 133rd ballot,
110:
A show of hands is a method of public voting, often used in small boards, committees or also informal gatherings, or some larger assemblies. Members raise their hands to indicate support for the motion, then for opposition to it. The chairperson assesses which side had the most hands, sometimes by
101:
believes a voice vote has been taken with an inconclusive result, or upon a motion to divide the assembly. A rising vote is also often the normal method of voting on motions requiring a two-thirds vote for adoption. It can also be used as the first method of voting when only a majority vote is
229:
states, "The fact that a majority (or a plurality) of the votes are cast for an ineligible candidate does not entitle the candidate receiving the next highest number of votes to be declared elected. In such a case, the voters have failed to make a choice, and they proceed to vote again."
175:
is sometimes used as a substitute for a roll call vote. It allows the members' votes to be recorded in the minutes without the chair having to call the names of each member individually. A motion to use a signed ballot is one of the motions relating to methods of voting and the polls.
733:
suggested that he would not be opposed to setting up an electronic system similar to that used in the House, but also stated that he didn't see any change occurring "in the near future". Use of an electronic system would make it possible for the Senate to vote more quickly during
237:
or compromise candidate, who received few votes in the first round, to become the candidate that opposing factions agree to settle on. Moreover, it can prevent a candidate who is opposed by the majority of the electorate from being elected, as might happen under plurality.
82:
of the assembly will put the question to the assembly, asking first for those in favor of the motion to indicate so verbally ("aye" or "yes"), and then ask those opposed to the motion to indicate so verbally ("no"). The chair will then estimate which side had more members.
670:
change the vote. If a representative wants to change his or her vote in the last five minutes of a fifteen-minute vote, the representative must use a teller card in the well of the House. A tally clerk then manually enters the vote into the electronic voting system.
102:
required if the chair believes in advance that a voice vote will be inconclusive. The chair can also order the rising vote to be counted. Another use is on a resolution honoring or in memory of a notable person, when the assembly stands in honor or remembrance.
49:(formal proposal by members of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action). The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a rising vote, and a show of hands. Additional forms of voting include a recorded vote and balloting.
834:
In 36 chambers, electronic roll-call votes are not subject to change. In one-third of chambers, however, changes are allowed if requested at the time of the vote. Seventeen chambers allow a roll-call vote to be changed upon a member's request at a later
1033:, decisions are usually made by show of hands. If the show of hands leads to a doubtful result, the vote is taken by standing and sitting. If this, too, leads to a doubtful result, the vote is taken by roll call. (A roll-call vote is also taken if any
950:
have eight minutes to vote before the doors to the division lobbies are locked. In the
Commons, the tally is complete, the tellers approach the presiding officer and announce the tally, and then the Speaker or Lord Speaker announces the result.
706:
first asks those in favor to say "aye", and then opposed to say "no". The presiding officer then announces who appeared to win the vote ("The ayes appear to have it."). One variation of a voice vote is for the presiding officer to state:
643:. The first proposal for automated voting in Congress was made in 1886. Over the next 84 years, fifty bills and resolutions to establish an automatic, electrical, mechanical, or electronic voting system in Congress were introduced. The
272:
Between rounds of balloting, members can make motions to help the assembly complete the election within a reasonable time. For instance, the assembly may vote to drop the candidate having the lowest vote after each successive vote, or
384:. RONR notes that "A minority group, by coordinating its effort in voting for only one candidate who is a member of the group, may be able to secure the election of that candidate as a minority member of the board". Similar, but more
204:
is the standard election method for most parliamentary elections. In it, a candidate is elected if they receive support from a majority of the voters. At no point are any candidates involuntarily eliminated, as they would under
278:
953:
Some votes are "deferred" and instead conducted by means of an open ballot done at a convenient time for members. This is typically done for minor or technical legislation and is not permitted to be done for Bills.
489:
are incidental motions used to obtain a vote on a question in some form other than by voice or by division of the assembly; or to close or reopen the polls. For instance, a motion can be made to vote by ballot.
78:) is the usual method of voting on any motion that does not require more than a majority vote for its adoption. It is considered the simplest and quickest of voting methods used by deliberative assemblies. The
493:
These motions generally cannot be used to specify alternative forms of voting such as cumulative voting or preferential voting. Those methods can only be done through a provision in the bylaws. Likewise,
741:
S. Res. 480, a Senate resolution passed in 1984, created a standing order of the Senate requiring that each senator vote from his or her assigned desk. The resolution was sponsored by
Democratic Senator
767:
957:
The House of Lords follows are similar procedure, though the words "aye" and "no" are replaced by "content" and "not content" and the order given before a division is "Clear the Bar". Since the
223:
is not sufficient. A vote for the election of officers, when no candidate receives a majority vote, is of no effect, and the situation remains exactly as though no vote had been taken."
606:
163:
Recorded votes may either be taken by actually calling the roll (a task typically ordered by the chair and performed by the secretary) or, in some assemblies, by electronic device.
2354:
225:
659:
602:
282:
838:
In 42 chambers, a running vote total is displayed to the chamber; running vote totals appear on the presiding officer's monitor in 62 chambers and on the clerk's monitor in 59.
763:
677:
system showing the House chamber. The updates enabled in-progress voting counts to be displayed on the closed-circuit TV system. In-progress vote counts are now also shown on
274:
796:
chamber, with the electronic vote board on the wall. In 1917, the
Wisconsin State Assembly became the first state legislative chamber to adopt an electronic voting system.
754:. All senators do vote from their desks, however, when asked to do so by the Senate majority leader. This typically is done on particularly solemn or important votes. The
1925:
1594:
819:
Today, almost two-thirds of the legislative bodies have installed electronic voting systems. About 40 percent of chambers have made updates to their system since 1990.
915:
1050:
703:
498:
is generally prohibited, except in situations in which membership is transferable, as in stock corporations and even then, only by authorization in the bylaws.
2418:
965:
the House of
Commons, the count in that house is now counted and verified by electronic means of members scanning their passes as they enter a division lobby.
711:
the amendment is agreed to ." If any senator objects to the presiding officer's determination, a vote will occur by another method (usually a recorded vote).
2346:
2157:
529:
515:
1034:
523:
759:
519:
2368:
241:
A disadvantage is that if no one drops out of the race, and the voters are unwilling to switch sides, balloting can theoretically go on forever. In the
1666:
1046:
823:
961:, the Lords now vote electronically but members must be physically present in Parliament in order to do so, unless special dispensation is obtained.
312:
Preferential voting allows members to vote on more than one proposal or candidate at a time, and to rank the various options in order of preference.
895:
587:
242:
958:
2167:
919:
886:
644:
598:
266:
2397:
1988:
1953:
1918:
1794:
1121:
755:
583:
1042:
890:
2375:
694:
420:
1045:
may also decide to hold a vote using the
Parliament's electronic voting system. Electronic voting systems are installed in each of the
97:
A simple rising vote (in which the number of members voting on each side rise to their feet) is used principally in cases in which the
1948:
1024:
788:
1747:
804:
use electronic voting systems for recorded votes. The first state legislative chambers to install electronic voting systems were the
139:
is a vote in which the votes (for or against) of each member of the assembly are recorded (and often later published). RONR explains:
2404:
1968:
1870:
1833:
1038:
801:
783:
2466:
2319:
2228:
2134:
2096:
2071:
2043:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1911:
999:
uses the
Westminster mode of voting; members use "Aye" and "No" lobbies unless a unanimous voice vote is taken. By contrast, the
992:
986:
911:
882:
658:
The representative's vote is then displayed in two summary panels above the press gallery seats and to the right and left of the
442:
431:
410:
46:
842:
More sophisticated electronic voting systems are sometimes linked to other technology to assist the legislatures in their work:
647:
authorized electronic voting for the first time. Electronic voting was first used in the House on
January 23, 1973, to record a
2361:
2238:
2086:
254:
1610:
855:
In ten chambers, the presiding officer has a monitor displaying which legislators wish to speak and the order of the requests.
1548:
1508:
1092:
809:
2109:
1339:
699:
The three means of voting in the Senate are voice, division, and "the yeas and nays" (recorded votes or roll-call votes).
616:
2411:
751:
620:
389:
381:
2253:
1858:
1825:
1004:
982:
813:
453:
385:
277:
for the office in order to secure a candidate on whom the majority can agree. This can help break a deadlock. In the
115:
and ensures that each member's vote is counted equally (no advantage for shouting louder). However, it is not a full
816:(1923). Electronic voting systems continued to spread, and by 1980, nearly half of legislatures used such a system.
2338:
2066:
258:
69:
1623:
1340:"The Institutional Origins of the Republican Party: Spatial Voting and the House Speakership Election of 1855–56"
996:
974:
674:
822:
Electronic voting systems typically have voting controls at the front desk and running vote total displays. The
2309:
2172:
1595:
All 100 Senators voted on the immigration bill from their desks. That's a rarer occurrence than you might think
1277:
878:
805:
793:
723:
at the start of a two-year Congress, but votes are sometimes held open for longer so that senators may arrive.
92:
1060:
If at least 20% of the Parliament requests it before voting begins, the vote will be taken by secret ballot.
937:
If the result of the vote is unclear (or challenged by any member of the house), the Speaker will call for a
2329:
2296:
2263:
2152:
1934:
1566:
771:
34:
1312:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2162:
1544:
727:
640:
579:
2051:
1958:
938:
327:
206:
30:
2381:
758:
maintains a list of occasions when senators voted from their desks: these included the passage of the
289:
received the most votes, 103 votes out of 214, or five less than a majority, and was elected speaker.
2286:
946:
690:
666:
335:
303:
1795:"Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament - February 2013 - Rule 169 - Voting by secret ballot"
1582:
1167:
673:
In 1977, the electronic voting system was updated to be compatible with the House's newly installed
2430:
1983:
1030:
1020:
1000:
978:
904:
611:
393:
262:
116:
2443:
1768:
2390:
1465:(eds. Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, Esther Eidinow: Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 267.
1354:
874:
350:, this procedure by which elimination rules tend to eliminate consensus candidates is called the
286:
220:
219:
states, "In the absence of a special rule, a majority vote is necessary to elect officers and a
1862:
1821:
Shocking Mother Russia: Democratization, Social Rights, and Pension Reform in Russia, 1990-2001
2281:
2271:
2076:
2033:
1876:
1866:
1829:
1171:
1117:
1054:
931:
743:
720:
708:
369:
363:
323:
307:
215:
210:
1819:
2314:
2104:
2013:
1008:
941:. Once a division has been called, the order "Clear the Lobby" is given in the Commons, and
372:, a procedure that allows electors to divide a single vote between multiple candidates into
331:
246:
1853:
Comparing Post-Soviet Legislatures: A Theory of Institutional Design and Political Conflict
1662:
750:. However, the rule is widely ignored, and senators typically vote while milling about the
2447:
2147:
1739:
38:
1719:
715:
result of a division vote. As in a voice vote, any senator may ask for a recorded vote.
2276:
2142:
2114:
2056:
1851:
1087:
927:
900:
860:
the clerk orally calls the roll, but each member's vote is then entered into a system.
537:
464:
351:
2460:
2187:
942:
747:
632:
545:
347:
319:
199:
185:
269:, where it took six days of debate and 36 ballots to elect Jefferson as the winner.
923:
495:
475:
156:
2124:
2119:
1978:
914:(Westminster), at the close of debate, the presiding officer of the chamber—the
735:
648:
120:
1505:
Electronic Voting System in the House of Representatives: History and Evolution
1504:
726:
Unlike the House, the Senate does not use electronic voting. In December 2013,
2424:
2182:
1075:
1069:
730:
343:
250:
234:
63:
17:
2248:
2061:
1963:
1903:
506:
Many legislative bodies use electronic voting systems for recorded votes.
2028:
1155:
338:, will tend to elect compromise candidates in a single round of voting).
98:
79:
2177:
826:
has reported on various differences in state electronic voting-systems:
639:
on the first electric vote recorder, and demonstrated the system to the
459:
To close polls, no; to reopen polls, negative vote only; all others, yes
318:
specifically advises against the use of non-majority procedures such as
2304:
2081:
2018:
553:
159:
or in any assembly whose members are not responsible to a constituency.
1358:
719:
time limit for roll-call votes is nominally fifteen minutes as set by
2243:
1973:
1897:
678:
636:
624:
549:
42:
894:
846:
In 48 chambers, the voting system is linked to journal production.
787:
610:
566:
1880:
1168:
https://journals.house.texas.gov/HJRNL/88R/HTML/88RDAY26FINAL.HTM
662:
1907:
1782:
The European Parliament: What It Is, What It Does, How It Works
111:
counting them individually. This method is more precise than a
1116:(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 45.
849:
In 40 chambers, the voting system is linked with the calendar.
655:
and presses one of three buttons: "Yea," "Nay," or "Present."
2244:
Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted
1222:
National Conference of State Legislatures (2000).
405:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls (RONR)
1338:
Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Nokken, Timothy P. (February 2000).
1284:. Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives
607:
Procedures of the United States House of Representatives
548:
was introduced, and the voter recorded his vote with a
1693:(Cambridge University Press, 3d ed. 1950), pp. 125-26.
2210:
Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion
619:
taking a roll-call vote to elect its speaker for the
603:
History of the United States House of Representatives
480:
Majority, except two-thirds for motion to close polls
119:
of the assembly, and can produce a larger number of
2355:
Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure
2328:
2295:
2262:
2227:
2178:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
2133:
2095:
2042:
1941:
1237:
Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure
487:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
474:
463:
452:
441:
430:
419:
409:
400:
Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls
1850:
1769:How does Holyrood's electronic voting system work?
1194:
1192:
556:tablet, then dropped the completed ballot in the
738:" sessions on amendments to budget resolutions.
346:' on whom all factions may prefer to agree". In
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
141:
1898:Robert's Rules of Order on Preferential Voting
1624:Senate passes sweeping immigration legislation
1463:The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization
1278:"Electoral College & Indecisive Elections"
879:Division of the assembly § United Kingdom
852:In 24 chambers, the system has a debate timer.
1919:
1561:
1559:
1557:
8:
2347:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
2158:Objection to the consideration of a question
1567:Voting by Electronic Device — in the Senate?
1545:Voting in the Senate: Forms and Requirements
1265:The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure
768:confirmation votes of Supreme Court justices
764:Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act
516:Legislative assemblies of the Roman Republic
404:
1813:
1811:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1539:
1537:
524:Legislative Assemblies of the Roman Kingdom
2419:Beauchesne's Parliamentary Rules and Forms
1926:
1912:
1904:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
520:Legislative assemblies of the Roman Empire
2024:Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
1667:National Conference of State Legislatures
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
824:National Conference of State Legislatures
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1174:uses the practice in memory of notables.
588:Procedures of the United States Congress
2369:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure
1663:Roll Call Voting Machines and Practices
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1224:Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure
1156:Robert's Rules Online: Art. VIII. Vote.
1104:
2168:Consideration by paragraph or seriatim
1611:Voting from Desk in the Senate Chamber
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1327:– via The Times's print archive.
1251:
1247:
1245:
1210:
1198:
1183:
1151:
1136:
1112:Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011).
887:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
645:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
599:United States House of Representatives
593:United States House of Representatives
403:
2339:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
1954:Principles of parliamentary procedure
1114:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
584:History of the United States Congress
7:
1750:from the original on 28 October 2022
1622:Richard Cowan & Thomas Ferraro,
1147:
1145:
1043:president of the European Parliament
891:House of Lords of the United Kingdom
564:(voting urn), sometimes also called
2376:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice
1722:, Parliament of the United Kingdom.
1047:European Parliament's two locations
695:History of the United States Senate
421:In order when another has the floor
2398:Odgers' Australian Senate Practice
1949:History of parliamentary procedure
1025:History of the European Parliament
261:the election was determined via a
243:U.S. presidential election of 1800
25:
2405:House of Representatives Practice
2193:Request to be excused from a duty
784:State legislature (United States)
257:each, and in accordance with the
74:(RONR) states that a voice vote (
2442:
2125:Fix the time to which to adjourn
2072:Limit or extend limits of debate
1771:, BBC News (September 23, 2016).
1235:Demeter, George (1969).
987:Devolution in the United Kingdom
912:Parliament of the United Kingdom
883:Parliament of the United Kingdom
869:Parliament of the United Kingdom
124:
2218:Request for any other privilege
2183:Motions relating to nominations
1263:Sturgis, Alice (2001).
1011:use electronic voting systems.
540:, the voting was preceded by a
112:
2105:Call for the orders of the day
1549:Congressional Research Service
1509:Congressional Research Service
1093:Voting system (disambiguation)
810:Texas House of Representatives
502:Voting systems in legislatures
1:
2229:Motions that bring a question
2110:Raise a question of privilege
1784:(Pergamon: 1981), pp. 91, 94.
1347:Legislative Studies Quarterly
617:U.S. House of Representatives
2362:Riddick's Rules of Procedure
1744:Parliament of United Kingdom
382:single non-transferable vote
332:modern ranked voting methods
298:Runoff and elimination rules
233:Repeated balloting allows a
27:Methods of voting on motions
1859:Ohio State University Press
1826:University of Toronto Press
1691:Ourselves and the Community
1613:, Senate Historical Office.
1005:National Assembly for Wales
983:National Assembly for Wales
814:Virginia House of Delegates
2483:
2067:Postpone to a certain time
1626:, Reuters (June 27, 2013).
1067:
1018:
972:
872:
781:
688:
596:
577:
513:
361:
301:
183:
90:
61:
2440:
2412:Bourinot's Rules of Order
2330:Parliamentary authorities
2231:again before the assembly
1818:Chandler, Andrea (2004).
1313:"The Election of Speaker"
997:Northern Ireland Assembly
975:Northern Ireland Assembly
675:closed-circuit television
41:– use several methods of
2310:Declare the chair vacant
2173:Division of the assembly
1849:Ostrow, Joel M. (2000).
945:ring out throughout the
806:Wisconsin State Assembly
794:Wisconsin State Assembly
756:Senate Historical Office
528:In the various types of
267:House of Representatives
93:Division of the assembly
2467:Parliamentary procedure
2297:Disciplinary procedures
2206:Request for information
1935:Parliamentary procedure
1267:, 4th ed., p. 135 (TSC)
772:articles of impeachment
316:Robert's Rules of Order
70:Robert's Rules of Order
35:parliamentary procedure
31:Deliberative assemblies
2264:Legislative procedures
2214:Request to read papers
2198:Requests and inquiries
2163:Division of a question
907:
797:
728:Senate Majority Leader
641:United States Congress
628:
580:United States Congress
530:legislative assemblies
376:parts; the case where
161:
2249:Discharge a committee
2202:Parliamentary inquiry
2052:Postpone indefinitely
1959:Deliberative assembly
1068:Further information:
1019:Further information:
973:Further information:
939:division of the house
898:
873:Further information:
791:
782:Further information:
702:On a voice vote, the
689:Further information:
667:magnetic stripe cards
614:
597:Further information:
578:Further information:
514:Further information:
352:center squeeze effect
328:instant-runoff voting
207:instant-runoff voting
2287:Recall of Parliament
1239:, Blue Book, p. 213
947:Parliamentary Estate
691:United States Senate
685:United States Senate
336:median voter theorem
320:ranked-choice voting
304:Ranked-choice voting
283:Speaker of the House
2431:ABC of Chairmanship
2239:Take from the table
1573:(December 4, 2013).
1543:Walter J. Oleszek,
1353:(1): 114, 128–130.
1031:European Parliament
1021:European Parliament
1015:European Parliament
1001:Scottish Parliament
993:devolved assemblies
979:Scottish Parliament
969:Devolved assemblies
905:Parliament Act 1911
760:Affordable Care Act
454:May be reconsidered
406:
263:contingent election
2391:Lex Parliamentaria
2135:Incidental motions
2097:Privileged motions
2044:Subsidiary motions
1565:Niels Lesniewski,
1453:, pp. 428–429
1405:, pp. 443–444
1319:. January 10, 1860
1317:The New York Times
1064:Russian State Duma
908:
875:Westminster system
802:state legislatures
798:
778:State legislatures
629:
623:, as broadcast by
358:Multiwinner voting
330:, but not of most
287:Nathaniel P. Banks
275:reopen nominations
196:Repeated balloting
191:Repeated balloting
33:– bodies that use
2454:
2453:
2282:Motion to pass on
2272:Call of the house
2153:Suspend the rules
2077:Previous question
2034:Unanimous consent
2014:Order of business
1503:Jacob R. Straus,
1282:history.house.gov
1172:Texas Legislature
1166:See for example,
1123:978-0-306-82020-5
959:COVID-19 pandemic
744:Jennings Randolph
721:unanimous consent
709:Without objection
704:presiding officer
552:on a wax-covered
484:
483:
370:cumulative voting
364:Cumulative voting
324:exhaustive ballot
308:Exhaustive ballot
293:Nonstandard rules
211:exhaustive ballot
143:Taking a vote by
16:(Redirected from
2474:
2446:
2350:(TSC or Sturgis)
2087:Lay on the table
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388:, rules include
279:1855-56 election
253:were tied at 73
247:Thomas Jefferson
226:Demeter's Manual
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1799:. Retrieved
1797:. 2013-01-31
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1362:. Retrieved
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1302:TSC, p. 211
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
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29:
2009:Main motion
1989:Recognition
1900:, Fairvote.
1861:. pp.
1740:"Divisions"
1451:Robert 2011
1439:Robert 2011
1427:Robert 2011
1415:Robert 2011
1403:Robert 2011
1391:Robert 2011
1379:Robert 2011
1252:Robert 2011
1211:Robert 2011
1199:Robert 2011
1184:Robert 2011
1152:Robert 2011
1137:Robert 2011
831:the system.
736:vote-a-rama
649:quorum call
125:rising vote
121:abstentions
87:Rising vote
2425:Morin code
2254:Reconsider
1801:2018-09-25
1170:where the
1099:References
1076:State Duma
1070:State Duma
1051:Strasbourg
1037:or any 21
991:Among the
731:Harry Reid
415:Incidental
344:dark horse
251:Aaron Burr
235:dark horse
184:See also:
113:voice vote
64:Voice vote
58:Voice vote
1964:Committee
1881:99-059121
1754:6 January
1720:Divisions
1571:Roll Call
1226:, p. 391
660:speaker's
631:In 1869,
536:) of the
465:Amendable
443:Debatable
342:to be a '
221:plurality
180:Balloting
146:roll call
76:viva voce
39:decisions
2461:Category
2029:Majority
1748:Archived
1364:April 5,
1323:April 5,
1288:April 5,
1082:See also
1055:Brussels
808:(1917),
117:division
2315:Impeach
2305:Censure
2120:Adjourn
2082:Cloture
2019:Minutes
1969:Session
1039:members
1029:In the
926:of the
922:or the
918:of the
916:Speaker
910:In the
558:sitella
554:boxwood
534:comitia
322:or the
265:in the
209:or the
198:or the
149:(or by
123:than a
47:motions
2384:Manual
2342:(RONR)
2320:Naming
2148:Appeal
2115:Recess
2062:Commit
2004:Debate
1999:Second
1994:Motion
1974:Quorum
1879:
1869:
1832:
1359:440395
1357:
1120:
995:, the
985:, and
889:, and
766:; the
679:C-SPAN
637:patent
625:C-SPAN
605:, and
586:, and
550:stylus
542:contio
522:, and
43:voting
2277:Hoist
2057:Amend
1984:Floor
1979:Chair
1865:–25.
1355:JSTOR
1343:(PDF)
835:time.
800:Many
567:cista
411:Class
99:chair
80:chair
1877:LCCN
1867:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1756:2023
1366:2019
1325:2019
1290:2019
1118:ISBN
1053:and
1023:and
1007:and
899:The
792:The
762:and
693:and
663:dais
615:The
562:urna
306:and
281:for
249:and
746:of
560:or
470:Yes
437:Yes
392:or
45:on
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2208:,
2204:,
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518:,
448:No
426:No
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