List of roller coaster elements

703:). The train enters the element with a steep slope up and a slight curve in the direction opposite that of the overall turn (a so-called "priming" of the turn). The train then banks heavily to the side opposite the initial curve and finishes its climb while it negotiates the overall turn, beginning its descent midway through the turn. The second half of the element is the same as the first half, but in reverse order. While negotiating a hammerhead turn element, the train makes a turn of more than 180 degrees; however, because of the entry and exit curves, the overall effect is that of a 180-degree turn that exits toward the direction from which it entered, roughly parallel to the portion of track preceding the hammerhead turn. Hammerhead turns are found on some B&M 109:. The most common type is the friction brake, often called a fin brake, which involves a series of hydraulic-powered clamps that close and squeeze metal fins that are attached to the underside of a coaster train. Other common types include skid brakes and magnetic brakes. These different types are divided into two main categories; trim brakes refer to brake runs that slow the train, while block brakes are brake sections that stop the train completely. Roller coasters may incorporate multiple brake runs throughout the coaster's track layout to adjust the train's speed at any given time. 1655: 1300: 682: 2253: 3833: 1616: 1347: 623: 896: 1565: 840: 65: 581: 1722: 785: 1503:. It is the reverse of an Immelmann loop, where the track twists upward and to the side followed by a dive toward the ground in a half-vertical loop. This element is commonly found on B&M and Gerstlauer roller coasters. Arrow and Vekoma feature a similar version of the inversion they call a reverse sidewinder, which can be found in Arrow's Cyclone at Dreamworld in Australia and Vekoma's Blue Hawk at Six Flags Over Georgia. 1101: 2132: 2085: 3930: 376: 1985: 506:

used, the tension and stress on the lift mechanism is reduced prior to the train's release. The element is commonly found on early B&M roller coasters, as well as older roller coasters from other manufacturers. An alternative name "trick hill" comes from the illusion created from the pre-drop, which "tricks" riders into thinking they have already started the main descent, when in fact they haven't.

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train as it crosses a particular section of track. This underside area is a flat area which often has a grated metal surface to increase friction between the car and the tire. One disadvantage of vertical drive tires is that rainy weather can greatly reduce friction between the tire and the train, possibly causing the train to slightly overshoot its intended position and cause an emergency stop.

1144: 1242: 1008: 554: 1809: 292: 3942: 1800:. It can be confused with a heartline roll, also known as a barrel roll. In a heartline roll the center of the train rotates on one axis so the height of the average rider's heart never changes, whereas during an in-line twist the train rotates around the track and there is usually little to no elevation difference in the track. It can also provide hangtime. 1521: 612:, and camelbacks produce negative g-force to achieve the effect. The term has been used to describe a series of smaller hills typically found near the end of a track's layout, which is a common finale on older wooden coasters. A modern coaster's implementation of a camelback can be a much larger, single hill often found earlier in the track's layout. 1861: 1022:, also known as top cap, is an element consisting of a 90-degree ascent up a tall hill followed by a 90-degree descent, with the train usually exiting in the opposite direction from which it entered. Top hats are commonly found on launched coasters, and in a standard configuration, the track twists so that the train does not invert during the ride. 2216:, is an inversion where the track twists 180 degrees during ascent, and at its crest, remains inverted for a short section of track. It then twists another 180 degrees during descent, usually in the opposite direction of the initial twist. Similar to a zero-g roll, riders experience a feeling of weightlessness during the short inverted section. 36:, and other intense ride elements that contribute to a thrilling ride experience. They are also made up of a variety of features and components responsible for the mechanical operation and safety of the ride. Some are very common and appear on every roller coaster in some form, while others are unique to certain makes and models. 1901: 2174: 2317:

A water spout is a visual element encompassing a number of different methods to simulate a roller coaster's interaction with a body of water – the ride vehicle does not make contact with the water. Water spouts are intended to be visually appealing. The following are some examples of roller

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is the name of an element where the support structure of the ride or a portion of the track appears to come very close to making contact with passengers, particularly with their heads. The illusion is intentional, and headchoppers are designed so that even the tallest rider, with both hands up, would

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that releases the bar is out of alignment. There are other train types, such as NAD and even some PTC trains, that feature a single-position lap bar that has a mechanical release and therefore does not produce a buzzing sound. Most parks have switched to individual ratcheting lap bars, similar to the

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A splashdown is a visual element in which the ride vehicle physically interacts with a body of water, forcefully spraying or jetting water on impact. Splashdowns can be used as a natural braking system, and some coasters feature pathways for non-riding visitors to view or get wet from the splashdown

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in existence. It is a continuous, upward-sloping section of track that eventually completes a 360-degree turn, inverting riders halfway into the element. They are ellipses in the shape of an oval or teardrop. Early roller coaster designs attempted to incorporate circular vertical loops, resulting in

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A sidewinder is an inversion element where riders enter a half-loop followed by a half-corkscrew, and then exit the element perpendicular to the direction in which they entered. The element is commonly found on Arrow and Vekoma roller coasters. It is similar to the Immelmann loop, with the exception

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roller coasters. A butterfly begins like a vertical loop, but as the track goes up, it twists 45 degrees to one side or the other, and then when it is headed down the track twists back. The maneuver is then repeated but in reverse. It is essentially the same in construction as a batwing or boomerang

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A pre-drop, or preliminary drop, is any small hill following the lift hill that precedes the main drop. After a train is hauled up the lift and begins to descend down the hill in a standard configuration, the force of gravity pulls the train cars that are still hooked to the lift. When a pre-drop is

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When oriented horizontally, drive tires are often put in pairs so as to "squeeze" a portion of the train as it crosses that section of track. In this case, it is usually the brake fin that is used to propel or slow the train with the tires. When oriented vertically, they contact the underside of the

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is a roller coaster element with two inversions similar to a cobra roll, but the train enters and exit in the same direction. It features two vertical loop halves connected by two half corkscrews that face in opposite directions. The second half loop is on the opposite side in comparison to a cobra

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is an element made out of two elements: a dive loop, then an Immelmann; forming an inversion that looks like two side by side loops. This element is similar to the flying coasters pretzel loop, except that the train goes through a twist when entering and exiting the loop. It may also been seen as a

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mounted alongside the track of a roller coaster that automatically photographs all of the riders on passing trains. They are usually mounted at the most intense part of the ride, to capture the best possible pictures. The pictures are available for viewing and purchase at a booth outside the ride's

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Launch lift hills are similar to launch tracks, but inclined rather than flat. Sometimes, launch lift hills serve the same purpose as lift hills but offer faster transport to the top of the lift hill; or they are sometimes used to power the train up into an element, like the Incredible Hulk Coaster

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The general term raven turn refers to any inversion that follows the design described above; however, there are two types of raven turns. Assuming the train is going round the half-loop first, an inside raven turn is where the rails are below the train at the start whereas an outside raven turn is

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facing the same direction joined by two half corkscrews that each twist in opposite directions. As the train completes the first half loop, it turns perpendicular into a half corkscrew, completing a first inversion. This is immediately followed by another half corkscrew that twists in the opposite

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The station is the area where guests waiting in a line queue board a roller coaster. The line often divides into lanes to allow guests to board each row. In addition to boarding, passengers also exit the ride within the station, but this is not always at the same location where boarding passengers

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Compared to other drive mechanisms, the linear motor is typically maintenance-free. The pole faces on the track and moving plate attached to the car do not need to touch, and the gap between them can be quite wide to accommodate any side-to-side car motion, so there is no friction or wear between

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is a simple but powerful type of electric motor used to propel the cars. Rather than using a standard enclosed spinning rotor and drive wheels, there is a long flat magnetic pole plate with closely spaced electric coils. This pole plate mounts on the track underneath the car and a matching metal

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is a popular inversion found on many B&M roller coasters. In an Immelmann loop, riders enter a half-loop followed by a half twist, and then exit the element traveling in the opposite direction making a 180-degree turn. The inversion is similar to a sidewinder which exits closer to 90°, or

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Similar than Norwegian loop but it have Vertical loop after dive drop. Can be find on Gestlauer's infinity coasters and Similar to the Norwegian loop, but with a vertical loop after the dive. Found in Gestlauer's Infinity Coasters and was first used in Power Park's Junker in 2014.

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may have brakes onboard the train and rely on a brakeman operator to apply them as needed. Older wooden coasters are also more likely to rely on skid brakes, which may still depend on manual engagement at a nearby control panel or by moving large levers in the station.

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when the train passes through keyhole elements. The train seats riders in pairs on both sides of the track, with nothing above or below each rider, as it passes through the center of an object creating the illusion its passengers may not have enough clearance to fit.

1669:, also known as an oblique loop, is a 360° loop that has been tilted at an angle. It is not entered vertically, like a vertical loop, or horizontally like a helix. Instead, it is usually entered at an angle between 45° and 80°. Inclined loops can be found on B&M 1080:

feature separates wave turns from typical banked turns. When a train banks either right or left into an inclined turn, it traverses an airtime hill while banked at 90 degrees. The element finishes with the train exiting in the opposite direction that it entered.

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A scoop splashdown is an element in which each train is equipped with two tubes – called scoops – on the rear sides of each train. The scoops are angled upward, causing water to spray as the train passes close to a body of water. A number of

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is an element similar to the batwing, except the entrance and exit of the inversion is formed differently. In a pretzel knot, the twisted formation of the element's entrance and exit resembles a pretzel shape as opposed to a batwing's heart shape. The defunct

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In a top hat inversion, also called an inside top hat or inverted top hat, the track makes a 90-degree twist as the train approaches the top. The train travels on the inside of the element, and once it reaches the apex, the train becomes inverted.

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A Stengel dive combines an overbanked turn with a camelback hill. The train first goes up a regular camelback hill, then quickly tilts beyond 90 degrees at the very top. It is the only roller coaster element named after its designer, in this case

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Single-position lap bars on wooden roller coasters are sometimes referred to as "buzz bars", a slang term named for the buzzing sound that some bars make as they lock or release. The term can be misleading as the buzzing sound only occurs on

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model. The horseshoe is essentially a 180-degree turnaround with high banking so that riders are tilted at a 90-degree angle or more at the top at the element. The horseshoe is named that way because the element is shaped roughly like a

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is an inversion element that begins with a corkscrew that leads into a 180-degree banked turn and ends with another corkscrew that rotates in the opposite direction as the first. Two roller coasters that feature this element are

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and has been used on many other B&M flying coasters since then. It consists of a downward half loop and upward half loop. The entrance and exit points of the loop overlap at its peak forming a shape resembling a pretzel.

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lap bars found on steel coasters. Ironically some of the earlier ratcheting lap bar conversions use a solenoid release and can also produce a buzzing sound. It can be argued that single-position buzz bars afford riders more

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The non-inverting loop is a variety of loop that, when coming up, twists similar to a heartline roll, leaving riders completely right-side-up when at the top of the loop. Some roller coasters with this element include

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to attract thrill seekers and boost park attendance. As coaster design evolved with the aid of computer-simulated models, newer innovations produced more intense thrills while improving overall quality and durability.

1544:, which is accomplished by having the track change in elevation – rising and falling – throughout the inversion. From the rider's point of view, the rotation occurs near the chest, hence the name "heartline roll". 240:

be unable to make contact assuming rider height requirements are being met. Headchoppers were originally common elements on wooden coasters but have since become increasingly more common on steel coasters as well.

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lift involving a long, continuous chain which trains hook on to and are carried to the top; a drive tire system in which multiple motorized tires push the train upward; a cable lift system as seen on

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A banana roll is an inversion element similar to an elongated cobra roll and is named after its shape. Unlike a cobra roll, the banana roll only inverts riders once. The element first appeared on

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is a roller coaster inversion where the track twists 360 degrees as it rises and falls in elevation, usually at the crest of a hill. The element gets its name from the weightless effect of zero

533:(s) which transports passengers around a roller coaster's circuit. More specifically, a roller coaster train is made up of two or more "cars" which are connected by some sort of specialized 1944:

is a half-inversion which looks like half a loop followed by a drop and then levels out near the same height as it began. The raven turn is only usable on either flying roller coasters or

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is a turn or curve in which the track tilts 90 degrees or more, often in the 100–120 degree range. The element is common on large steel roller coasters, particularly those built by

608:, is a hump-shaped hill that travels in a straight line and is designed to lift riders out of their seats to provide a feeling of weightlessness. The effect is commonly known as 1999:

on roller coasters built by Vekoma, is an inversion featuring two half loop halves, connected by two opposite-facing half inline twists. This inversion can be found on the most

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is when the track twists from the horizontal plane into the vertical plane, tipping the train to the side in the direction of the turn. Banking is used to minimize the lateral

1452:) is a roller coaster inversion in which a half-inline twist is performed at the top of a lift hill, leading into the initial drop. Examples that feature this element include 1162:. Like other inversions, this element has different names depending on the roller coaster's manufacturer. It is most commonly known as a batwing, which is the term used by 2637: 1416:

is an inversion similar to a corkscrew, except the second half of the element is reversed. The train exits the inversion in the opposite direction from which it entered.

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on the riders to make the turn more comfortable. When a banked turn continues to create an upward or downward spiral of approximately 360 degrees or more, it becomes a

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direction into the other half vertical loop, completing a second inversion. The train exits the cobra roll traveling in the opposite direction from which it entered.

2578: 1556:, the track remains at the same elevation throughout the inversion, producing a different point of rotation that is either above or below the rider's point of view. 396:

to an elevated point. Upon reaching the top, the train is then disengaged from the lift hill and allowed to coast through the rest of the roller coaster's circuit.

1540:, is a 360-degree roller coaster inversion that rotates at the center of the train on one axis. The focus of the element is keeping the train moving in a straight 1158:

is a heart-shaped roller coaster element that features two inversions. The train goes into a reverse sidewinder, followed by a sidewinder. It is the inverse of a

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utilizes both water spouts and fountains that synchronize at the point the train dips toward the water, giving the illusion it is skimming the water's surface.

645:, is created when a hill is divided into two separate drops by a flattening out of the drop midway down the hill. Two notable rides featuring this element are 2424: 3673: 1404:

where riders are quickly snapped through the inversion at varying speeds, as opposed to a standard corkscrew that rotates riders at slower, constant speeds.

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is similar to a cobra roll, except the half-loops at the entrance and exit level out before reaching 180 degrees, and the train therefore does not invert.

2466: 1369:, riders face forward for the duration of the inversion. The corkscrew was the first modern-day coaster inversion element. It first appeared in 1975 on 2268:

A natural splashdown is an element in which the track of the vehicle partially submerges underwater. It is featured on several roller coasters such as

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is essentially a dive loop that has been tilted. Instead of exiting vertically, an inclined dive loop exits at an angle. The only two examples are on

251:, which creates the illusion that riders' legs will make contact with the ride's support structure or some other structure, similar to a headchopper. 1076:

A wave turn, commonly found on Rocky Mountain Construction roller coasters, is a 90-degree banked turn that incorporates a small camelback hill. The

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that riders exit in a different direction usually 90 degrees from the entrance point. When travelled in reverse it is simply a Reverse Sidewinder.

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A bent Cuban eight is a double inversion element that features two "bent and twisted" Immelmann loops that are connected back to back. Designed by

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model during the coaster's in-line-twist, in which the train approaches a section of track directly below but twists riders safely over the track.

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plate attached to the car moves across the magnetic pole faces. By applying a multiphase alternating current to the poles, the pole plate induces

2851: 173:, they can also be used to launch trains at greater speeds. However, they are generally used to propel the train at speeds between 5-8 mph. 2899: 2397: 2750: 2552: 2326:

in South Korea features a variety of water effects including water spouts that fire in synchronized fashion in more than one area of the ride.

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or sealed in a weathertight enclosure, so that rain, vibration, and dust do not affect motor performance or cause drive motor slippage.

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at Universal Orlando. Launch lift hills use mostly linear synchronous motors or linear induction motors but sometimes use drive tires.

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A lift hill, or chain lift, is often the initial upward section of track on a typical roller coaster that initially transports the

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immediately during its quick acceleration at launch, which often occurs before the train enters its first significant incline.

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inversion resembles a helix that rotates riders 360 degrees perpendicular to the track. It was named for its resemblance of a

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Some roller coasters use drive tires instead of a chain on lift hills. Notable examples include many junior coasters made by

131: 2165:(1980). This element consists of two perpendicular vertical loops that are intertwined, with one wrapping inside the other. 3318: 979:

wooden coasters. The element is a mini-version of camelback entered at a high speed, which results in significant negative

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While modern roller coasters have at least one computer-controlled brake run embedded in the track, older coasters such as

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except for the coaster exiting the construct traveling in the same direction as it began. An example of this is found on

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An Immelmann loop becomes a dive loop if the entrance and exit points are reversed. The name "Immelmann" comes from the

1331: 975:, also known as a high-speed float, is an airtime element commonly found in Bolliger & Mabillard steel coasters and 804: 724: 283:

A helix is a section of track that forms a spiral, which generally exceeds 360°. Helixes can spiral upward or downward.

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Corkscrews commonly exist in pairs, where the end of one leads straight into the next. Another configuration involves

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is based on a flying maneuver by the same name and is similar to, but not the same as, a 180-degree overbanked turn (

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used to propel a roller coaster train along a piece of track. Although they are most often used in station areas and

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is a roller coaster inversion in which the rider performs a 360-degree roll. The in-line twist is often found on

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A launch track normally includes some form of brakes to brace for an expected return of the train, such as in a

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is quickly accelerated to a significant velocity in a matter of seconds. It serves the same basic purpose as a

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has a water spout that fires immediately following its zero-G roll as the train dives toward the water below.

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Lift hills usually propel the train to the top of the ride via one of a few different types of methods: a

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as it is slowly raised to the highest point of the lift hill and released. A launch track gives the train

313: 106: 3602: 3495: 3125: 541:. Individual cars vary in design, often carrying multiple passengers each. Some roller coasters, notably 3832: 1916: 1737: 1381:. The element was well-received and became a staple of many early roller coasters that inverted riders. 1319: 923: 789: 732: 681: 1374: 143:

on roller coasters, as ratcheting lap bars tend to lock further during the ride in many installations.

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at Portaventura Park is an example that incorporates both a double dip and a double up element.

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roll, which changes the exit's direction. Examples featuring this element include Vekoma's

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occurs on a complete-circuit coaster. Rollbacks are more common on coasters that feature a

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The Roller Coaster Lover's Companion: A Thrill Seeker's Guide to the World's Best Coasters

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was the first model to incorporate a cobra roll, and the first Boomerang installation was

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are two examples that feature this element. It was first marketed as a Kamikaze Kurve by

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that had dangerous effects on riders. The modern vertical loop was first implemented on

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at Busch Gardens Williamsburg in 1992. It can also be found on other coasters such as

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at the moment and has only been used on three 4D coasters and one flying coaster.

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at Six Flags Fiesta Texas, for example, features a darkened, above-ground tunnel.

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them. Further, the magnetic coil assembly on the driving pole plates are either

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features several water spouts that fire upward as the train rounds a turn.

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one in which the rails are above the train at the start of the element.

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notably features five heartline rolls. In a similar element known as an

760:, with a semicircular shape at the top. It is found on coasters such as 3525:"COASTER-net.com v8 > Ride Gallery > X, Six Flags Magic Mountain" 2293: 2193: 2117: 1860: 1276: 980: 911: 530: 259:

featured several foot choppers, and it is a common element on Vekoma's

150:" style thrill ride often utilizes this type of restraint, as does the 80: 3365:"Cedar Point's new GateKeeper roller coaster one wild and winged ride" 1520: 446:

into the moving plate and can be used to accelerate or brake the car.

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in Poland has a water feature immediately before the final brake run.

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is notable for using drive tires to launch the train up an incline.

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is one of the world's tallest and largest at 160 feet (49 m)

537:. The vehicle is called a "train" due to its similarities with a 1900: 1595:. Immelmanns are commonly found as the first element on B&M 947:. Examples of roller coasters that feature this element include 166: 3743: 3313: 3311: 1884:

was the first coaster to feature this element. The second was

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at Six Flags Great Adventure feature interlocking corkscrews.

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is the only coaster to feature this element, according to the

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is a type of turnaround maneuver found on Maurer Rides GmbH's

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normal loop entered from the top. It was first introduced on

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head when flaring its hood. The element consists of two half

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is a roller coaster inversion that resembles the shape of a

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A drive tire, or squeeze tire depending on its usage, is a

3503: 3133: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2902:. thecoastercritic.com. November 16, 2006. Archived from 2638:"Fury 325 vs Intimidator: Differences & Similarities" 1400:

introduced a variation of the corkscrew that they call a

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and the overbanked turn that follows the barrel roll on

335:

design, or for an unexpected return of the train when a

3007: 3005: 2631: 2629: 3603:"5 Roller Coasters Mega-Engineered to Make You Scream" 2452: 2450: 308:

A launch track is a straight section of track along a

2700:"More details on Rip Ride Rockit coaster, plus video" 2850:. Silver Dollar City. August 9, 2012. Archived from 105:

that utilizes some form of brakes to slow or stop a

3842: 3790: 3648:"Coaster riders: Get ready to fall heels over head" 999:are two roller coasters that feature this element. 665:in 1920. The inverse of this element is known as a 3536: 3534: 2664: 2398:"Thrill ride designers compete to push the limits" 545:, operate with individual cars instead of trains. 266:Both headchoppers and foot choppers can appear on 101:A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of 3254:The 50 Most Terrifying Roller Coasters Ever Built 871:, Soaring with Dragon at Hefei Wanda Theme Park, 3718:"Energylandia Hyperion POV 4K Mounted and Drone" 3584:"The Smiler (Disney's Hollywood Studios)" 3210:"Dragon Mountain (Marineland Theme Park)" 3108:"TMNT Shellraiser (Nickelodeon Universe)" 3036:"Kennywood Unveils "The Steel Curtain" for 2019" 918:. Two examples include the first turn-around on 661:, both of which are roller coasters designed by 3418: 3416: 2196:that a rider experiences during the inversion. 379:A 150-foot (46 m) lift hill on Goliath at 2235:has also included this element in Kennywood's 32:are widely known for their drops, inversions, 3755: 3321:. Cedar Point. 13 August 2012. Archived from 1202:. One variation of the batwing is known as a 42:tallest, fastest, and longest roller coasters 8: 2522:"Top 5 Coasters at Six Flags Great America" 3762: 3748: 3740: 2777:"Gatekeeper: The Ride - Facts and Figures" 2018:Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith 1068:is an example that features this variant. 831:is the only ride to feature this element. 3502:. Roller Coaster Database. Archived from 3398:. Roller Coaster DataBase. Archived from 3178: 3176: 3132:. Roller Coaster Database. Archived from 3252:Weisenberger, Nick (September 2, 2014). 894: 2958:"New Twists for Wooden Roller Coasters" 2388: 2219:The stall element is commonly found on 2111:is one of the earliest and most common 1587:, an aircraft maneuver named after the 3672:Hernandez, America (August 28, 2014). 2284:coasters feature the element, such as 2145:designed several roller coasters with 1528:(left) versus a heartline roll (right) 3155:"New Roller Coaster at Worlds of Fun" 2469:from the original on October 24, 2021 1580:perpendicular to the entrance point. 529:A roller coaster train describes the 7: 3941: 3015:. Park World Online. October 9, 2014 2640:. The Coaster Critic. Archived from 1365:used to remove bottle corks. Unlike 699: 3706:. COASTER-net.com. August 25, 2013. 3013:"Takabisha – world's steepest drop" 2900:"Kingda Ka vs. Top Thrill Dragster" 2753:. American Coasters. Archived from 2488:Levine, Arthur (October 13, 2021). 2435:from the original on March 25, 2022 2318:coasters that utilize this effect. 1636:Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom 132:Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC) 3034:Stilwell, Andrew (July 19, 2018). 2551:MacDonald, Brady (11 April 2012). 25: 3625:"Element: Twisted Horseshoe Roll" 2990:. Gerstlauer Amusement Rides GmbH 2532:from the original on May 25, 2023 2502:from the original on May 14, 2024 1434:Wonder Woman Golden Lasso Coaster 983:that exceed a typical camelback. 707:. Examples of these coasters are 3940: 3929: 3928: 3279:"G Force (Drayton Manor)" 2956:Murphy, Mekado (July 23, 2014). 2457:Harris, Tom; Threewit, Chelsea. 2344:Universal's Islands of Adventure 1119:in 2011, and it also appears on 3724:from the original on 2021-12-21 3601:McCarthy, Erin (October 2009). 2636:Bullock, Joel (March 5, 2015). 2396:Martín, Hugo (March 13, 2012). 1350:A corkscrew on the Cedar Point 766:Chessington World of Adventures 2873:White, Kevin (July 19, 2014). 2687:roller coaster camelback hill. 2663:Urbanowicz, Steven J. (2002). 2577:Chavez, Jon (14 August 2012). 2264:element. There are two types. 2223:(RMC) installations including 1915:is a large inversion found on 859:, Shock at Rainbow MagicLand, 196:traveling roller coaster, and 1: 3646:Salterq, Rosa (May 2, 2001). 3363:Glaser, Susan (May 9, 2013). 1976:are examples of raven turns. 1249:(can be seen near the middle) 1196:Great American Scream Machine 564:Some roller coasters feature 473:exit. On some rides, such as 3449:"Superman - Ultimate Flight" 2704:Orlando Attractions Magazine 2044:A twisted horseshoe roll on 576:Non-inverting track elements 212:, and other spinning rides. 2221:Rocky Mountain Construction 1436:at Six Flags Fiesta Texas. 1186:during the construction of 1056:feature a top hat element. 977:Rocky Mountain Construction 916:Rocky Mountain Construction 865:Six Flags Discovery Kingdom 697: 175:The Incredible Hulk Coaster 40:often compete to build the 3995: 3782:Roller coasters by country 2818:"Non Inverting Cobra Roll" 2459:"How Roller Coasters Work" 2377:Physics of roller coasters 2290:Busch Gardens Williamsburg 2155:Busch Gardens Williamsburg 2135:The interlocking loops on 2100: 2022:Disney's Hollywood Studios 1088: 885:Busch Gardens Williamsburg 843:The non-inverting loop on 584:Consecutive camelbacks on 543:Wild Mouse roller coasters 522: 461: 430: 385: 301: 94: 84: 57: 3924: 3829: 3777: 2988:"Euro-Fighter: Takabisha" 2729:"Roller Coaster Glossary" 2671:. Citadel Press. p. 2122:Great American Revolution 2113:roller coaster inversions 1995:This element, known as a 1925:Superman: Ultimate Flight 1923:. The element debuted on 1762:Superman: Ultimate Flight 1695:Six Flags Great Adventure 1619:An inclined dive loop on 1200:Six Flags Great Adventure 1036:Six Flags Great Adventure 861:Superman: Ultimate Flight 857:Universal Studios Florida 853:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit 845:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit 713:Six Flags Great Adventure 637:element, also known as a 495:Universal Studios Florida 491:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit 365:Six Flags Great Adventure 261:Suspended Looping Coaster 2879:Life Is A Roller Coaster 2731:. Ultimate Rollercoaster 2282:Bolliger & Mabillard 2126:Six Flags Magic Mountain 1958:Six Flags Magic Mountain 1921:Bolliger & Mabillard 1703:Six Flags Magic Mountain 1671:stand-up roller coasters 1398:Bolliger & Mabillard 1236:Drayton Manor Theme Park 1164:Bolliger & Mabillard 1091:Roller coaster inversion 1062:Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast 877:Warner Bros. Movie World 821:non-inverting cobra roll 815:Non-inverting cobra roll 413:linear synchronous motor 272:Bolliger & Mabillard 245:inverted roller coasters 114:The Great Scenic Railway 3974:Linear induction motors 3969:Roller coaster elements 3588:Roller Coaster DataBase 3569:Roller Coaster DataBase 3350:Roller Coaster DataBase 3302:Roller Coaster DataBase 3283:Roller Coaster DataBase 3214:Roller Coaster DataBase 3112:Roller Coaster DataBase 2804:Roller Coaster DataBase 2800:"Junior Immelmann loop" 1599:. A notable example is 1466:Six Flags Great America 1432:at Kennywood Park, and 1420:debuted the feature on 1386:interlocking corkscrews 1245:A butterfly element on 1216:Roller Coaster DataBase 1180:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay 1011:The top hat element on 932:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay 799:is similar to a normal 557:The tunnel entrance on 468:An on-ride camera is a 310:launched roller coaster 3836: 3474:"Pretzel Loop Element" 3085:"Element: Banana Roll" 2322:Atlantis Adventure at 2260: 2181: 2139: 2093: 2062:twisted horseshoe roll 2056:Twisted horseshoe roll 2048: 1992: 1929:Six Flags Over Georgia 1908: 1868: 1816: 1766:Six Flags Over Georgia 1729: 1662: 1623: 1572: 1529: 1492: 1373:, a roller coaster at 1354: 1307: 1289:Six Flags Over Georgia 1262:is sometimes found on 1250: 1151: 1108: 1015: 903: 899:An overbanked turn on 873:DC Rivals Hypercoaster 847: 792: 788:A junior Immelmann on 689: 630: 588: 561: 525:Train (roller coaster) 439:linear induction motor 427:Linear induction motor 383: 333:shuttle roller coaster 299: 247:, the equivalent is a 232: 72: 18:Roller coaster element 3835: 3159:St. Joseph News-Press 2875:"Canada's Wonderland" 2528:. February 12, 2019. 2255: 2212:, sometimes called a 2176: 2134: 2088:The vertical loop on 2087: 2043: 1987: 1903: 1863: 1811: 1724: 1657: 1618: 1591:German fighter pilot 1568:An immelmann loop on 1567: 1523: 1487: 1352:ride of the same name 1349: 1302: 1244: 1146: 1103: 1010: 924:Six Flags New England 898: 842: 797:junior Immelmann loop 787: 780:Junior Immelmann loop 685:A hammerhead turn on 684: 625: 583: 556: 378: 294: 227: 67: 3684:on November 29, 2014 3678:Los Angeles Register 2073:(United States) and 1974:China Dinosaurs Park 1812:A norwegian loop on 1725:An in-line twist on 1681:. Examples include: 1658:An inclined loop on 1501:stunt plane maneuver 1212:Marineland of Canada 1125:Nickelodeon Universe 1052:in existence — 394:roller coaster train 312:layout in which the 295:The launch track on 257:Islands of Adventure 179:Islands of Adventure 107:roller coaster train 3605:. Popular Mechanics 3161:. November 24, 1979 2751:"Types of elements" 2340:The Incredible Hulk 2298:Busch Gardens Tampa 2270:Matterhorn Bobsleds 2256:The splash down on 2179:The Incredible Hulk 1428:at Kings Dominion, 1392:at Thorpe Park and 1104:The banana roll on 1066:Six Flags St. Louis 989:Canada's Wonderland 721:Canada's Wonderland 604:, also known as an 118:Luna Park Melbourne 3837: 2963:The New York Times 2431:. March 25, 2022. 2429:Theme Park Tourist 2261: 2210:zero-gravity stall 2182: 2147:interlocking loops 2140: 2124:, which opened at 2094: 2049: 1993: 1946:4D roller coasters 1909: 1904:A pretzel loop on 1878:Moonsault Scramble 1869: 1864:A pretzel knot on 1840:'s roller coaster 1817: 1730: 1679:Floorless Coasters 1663: 1628:inclined dive loop 1624: 1611:Inclined dive loop 1573: 1536:, also known as a 1530: 1493: 1375:Knott's Berry Farm 1355: 1308: 1251: 1152: 1109: 1085:Inverting elements 1016: 997:Silver Dollar City 904: 848: 835:Non-inverting loop 793: 690: 631: 589: 562: 415:system as seen on 384: 300: 233: 73: 3956: 3955: 3720:. YouTube. 2018. 3325:on 16 August 2012 2583:Norwalk Reflector 2557:Los Angeles Times 2403:Los Angeles Times 2190:zero-gravity roll 2177:A zero-g roll on 2151:Loch Ness Monster 2137:Loch Ness Monster 1758:Six Flags America 1699:Riddler's Revenge 1632:Hydra the Revenge 1448:(also known as a 1228:Maurer Rides GmbH 920:Superman the Ride 867:, Flying Aces at 343:element, such as 228:A headchopper on 146:The traditional " 68:A banked turn on 16:(Redirected from 3986: 3944: 3943: 3932: 3931: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3741: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3680:. Archived from 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3392:"Norwegian Loop" 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3370:The Plain Dealer 3360: 3354: 3353: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3009: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2984: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2927: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2849: 2841: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2757:on June 22, 2017 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2725: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2706:. April 23, 2009 2696: 2690: 2689: 2670: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2644:on June 12, 2015 2633: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2611:. Archived from 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2585:. Archived from 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2393: 2354:SeaWorld Orlando 1782:SeaWorld Orlando 1303:A cobra roll on 1222:Bent Cuban eight 1121:TMNT Shellraiser 1055: 1044: 1040: 753:Spinning Coaster 737:SeaWorld Orlando 702: 700:#Overbanked turn 626:A double dip on 405:Millennium Force 322:potential energy 253:Dragon Challenge 134:trains when the 21: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3979:Transport lists 3959: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3920: 3896:Stadium seating 3838: 3827: 3786: 3773: 3771:Roller coasters 3768: 3738: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3582:Marden, Duane. 3581: 3580: 3576: 3563:Marden, Duane. 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3509: 3507: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3422: 3421: 3414: 3405: 3403: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3373: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3344:Marden, Duane. 3343: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3296:Marden, Duane. 3295: 3294: 3290: 3277:Marden, Duane. 3276: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3208:Marden, Duane. 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3139: 3137: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3106:Marden, Duane. 3105: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3083:Marden, Duane. 3082: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3060:Marden, Duane. 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2986: 2985: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2932:"Lightning Rod" 2930:Winslett, Jim. 2929: 2928: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2906:on May 30, 2012 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2854:on June 2, 2013 2847: 2843: 2842: 2835: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2798:Marden, Duane. 2797: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2589:on 4 March 2016 2576: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2373: 2315: 2250: 2245: 2243:Visual elements 2202: 2171: 2105: 2099: 2058: 2038: 2009: 1988:A roll over on 1982: 1966:Fuji-Q Highland 1938: 1917:flying coasters 1898: 1882:Fuji-Q Highland 1858: 1806: 1738:flying coasters 1719: 1652: 1613: 1562: 1518: 1509: 1488:A dive loop on 1482: 1442: 1426:Twisted Timbers 1410: 1390:Nemesis Inferno 1344: 1297: 1256: 1224: 1208:Dragon Mountain 1141: 1117:Fuji-Q Highland 1098: 1093: 1087: 1074: 1053: 1042: 1038: 1005: 969: 940: 908:overbanked turn 893: 891:Overbanked turn 837: 817: 782: 745: 694:hammerhead turn 679: 677:Hammerhead turn 618: 594: 578: 551: 535:universal joint 527: 521: 512: 503: 466: 460: 435: 429: 390: 373: 306: 289: 281: 222: 194:Olympia Looping 177:at Universal's 160: 127: 99: 93: 62: 56: 51: 49:Common elements 38:Amusement parks 30:Roller coasters 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3992: 3990: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3961: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3938: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3916:Wheel assembly 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886:On-ride camera 3883: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3736: 3735: 3709: 3695: 3664: 3638: 3616: 3593: 3574: 3555: 3544:. CoasterForce 3530: 3516: 3487: 3465: 3440: 3424:"Pretzel Knot" 3412: 3383: 3355: 3336: 3307: 3288: 3269: 3263:978-1500699963 3262: 3244: 3219: 3200: 3172: 3146: 3117: 3098: 3075: 3052: 3026: 3001: 2976: 2948: 2917: 2891: 2865: 2833: 2809: 2790: 2768: 2742: 2717: 2691: 2681: 2655: 2625: 2600: 2569: 2543: 2513: 2480: 2446: 2416: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2357: 2347: 2337: 2327: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2277: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2201: 2198: 2170: 2167: 2159:Orient Express 2143:Arrow Dynamics 2101:Main article: 2098: 2095: 2057: 2054: 2037: 2034: 2008: 2005: 1981: 1978: 1937: 1934: 1897: 1894: 1857: 1854: 1821:Norwegian loop 1805: 1804:Norwegian loop 1802: 1718: 1715: 1677:, and B&M 1651: 1648: 1612: 1609: 1585:Immelmann turn 1577:Immelmann loop 1561: 1560:Immelmann loop 1558: 1534:heartline roll 1517: 1516:Heartline roll 1514: 1508: 1505: 1481: 1478: 1450:wing over drop 1441: 1438: 1418:Arrow Dynamics 1409: 1406: 1379:Arrow Dynamics 1377:, designed by 1367:vertical loops 1363:corkscrew tool 1343: 1340: 1320:vertical loops 1296: 1293: 1255: 1252: 1223: 1220: 1188:Orient Express 1184:Arrow Dynamics 1140: 1137: 1097: 1094: 1089:Main article: 1086: 1083: 1073: 1070: 1004: 1001: 968: 965: 953:Walibi Holland 945:Werner Stengel 939: 936: 892: 889: 836: 833: 829:Walibi Belgium 816: 813: 801:Immelmann loop 781: 778: 744: 741: 678: 675: 663:John A. Miller 617: 614: 602:camelback hill 593: 590: 586:Grand National 577: 574: 550: 547: 539:railroad train 523:Main article: 520: 517: 511: 508: 502: 499: 483:Rocky's Rapids 464:On-ride camera 462:Main article: 459: 458:On-ride camera 456: 428: 425: 386:Main article: 381:Walibi Holland 372: 369: 326:kinetic energy 302:Main article: 288: 285: 280: 277: 221: 218: 159: 156: 126: 123: 95:Main article: 92: 89: 55: 52: 50: 47: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3991: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3949: 3948: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3911:Underfriction 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3862:Vertical loop 3860: 3859: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3808:Manufacturers 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3665: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3639: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3604: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3506:on 2007-08-26 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3402:on 2007-08-26 3401: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3337: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3136:on 2007-08-26 3135: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3086: 3079: 3076: 3063: 3062:"Banana Roll" 3056: 3053: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3027: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2952: 2949: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2866: 2853: 2846: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2791: 2779:. Cedar Point 2778: 2772: 2769: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2730: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2682:9780806523095 2678: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2615:on 2018-08-12 2614: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2570: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2481: 2468: 2465:. p. 3. 2464: 2463:HowStuffWorks 2460: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2392: 2389: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2259: 2254: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2237:Steel Curtain 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2214:Top Gun stall 2211: 2207: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2163:Worlds of Fun 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2109:vertical loop 2104: 2103:Vertical loop 2097:Vertical loop 2096: 2091: 2090:Full Throttle 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2055: 2053: 2047: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1986: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1902: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:Speed Monster 1822: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742:wing coasters 1739: 1735: 1734:in-line twist 1728: 1723: 1717:In-line twist 1716: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691:Green Lantern 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:Wing Coasters 1672: 1668: 1667:inclined loop 1661: 1656: 1650:Inclined loop 1649: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:Dive Coasters 1594: 1593:Max Immelmann 1590: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1554:in-line twist 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1513: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1430:Steel Curtain 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1353: 1348: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1336:Morey's Piers 1333: 1329: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Worlds of Fun 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1147:A batwing on 1145: 1138: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129:Steel Curtain 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1107: 1106:Steel Curtain 1102: 1095: 1092: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1049: 1045:the only two 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1002: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 966: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 937: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 902: 897: 890: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869:Ferrari World 866: 862: 858: 854: 846: 841: 834: 832: 830: 826: 822: 814: 812: 810: 809:Phantasialand 806: 802: 798: 791: 786: 779: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:Dragon's Fury 759: 754: 750: 742: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 705:hypercoasters 701: 695: 688: 683: 676: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 629: 624: 620: 615: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 591: 587: 582: 575: 573: 571: 567: 560: 555: 548: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 526: 518: 516: 515:are waiting. 509: 507: 500: 498: 496: 492: 488: 487:Indiana Beach 484: 480: 476: 475:Saw: The Ride 471: 465: 457: 455: 453: 447: 445: 444:eddy currents 440: 434: 426: 424: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 389: 382: 377: 370: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 305: 298: 293: 286: 284: 278: 276: 273: 269: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 238: 231: 226: 219: 217: 213: 211: 207: 206:ferris wheels 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 182: 180: 176: 172: 168: 165: 157: 155: 153: 149: 144: 142: 137: 133: 124: 122: 119: 115: 110: 108: 104: 98: 90: 88: 86: 82: 78: 71: 66: 61: 53: 48: 46: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 19: 3945: 3933: 3869:Launch track 3726:. Retrieved 3712: 3704:"Le Vampire" 3698: 3688:November 24, 3686:. Retrieved 3682:the original 3677: 3667: 3657:November 24, 3655:. Retrieved 3652:Morning Call 3651: 3641: 3629:. Retrieved 3619: 3607:. Retrieved 3596: 3577: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3542:"Inversions" 3519: 3508:. Retrieved 3504:the original 3499: 3496:"Raven Turn" 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3468: 3456:. Retrieved 3452: 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3427: 3404:. Retrieved 3400:the original 3395: 3386: 3374:. Retrieved 3368: 3358: 3339: 3327:. Retrieved 3323:the original 3291: 3272: 3253: 3247: 3235:. Retrieved 3231: 3222: 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3187: 3163:. Retrieved 3158: 3149: 3138:. Retrieved 3134:the original 3129: 3120: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3078: 3066:. Retrieved 3055: 3043:. Retrieved 3039: 3029: 3017:. Retrieved 2992:. Retrieved 2967:. Retrieved 2961: 2951: 2939:. Retrieved 2935: 2908:. Retrieved 2904:the original 2894: 2882:. Retrieved 2878: 2868: 2856:. Retrieved 2852:the original 2845:"Fact Sheet" 2825:. 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Retrieved 2401: 2391: 2334:Energylandia 2316: 2306:Kings Island 2262: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2206:zero-g stall 2205: 2203: 2200:Zero-g stall 2189: 2185: 2183: 2149:, including 2146: 2141: 2108: 2106: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2030:Alton Towers 2012: 2010: 1996: 1994: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1913:pretzel loop 1912: 1910: 1896:Pretzel loop 1890:Kings Island 1873:pretzel knot 1872: 1870: 1856:Pretzel knot 1820: 1818: 1814:SpeedMonster 1774:Kings Island 1750:Alton Towers 1733: 1731: 1666: 1664: 1627: 1625: 1582: 1576: 1574: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1526:inline twist 1510: 1507:Finnish loop 1496: 1494: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1422:Drachen Fire 1413: 1411: 1401: 1385: 1383: 1358: 1356: 1325: 1311: 1309: 1273:Parc Astérix 1259: 1257: 1234:that was at 1225: 1203: 1155: 1153: 1110: 1075: 1058: 1047: 1024:Top Thrill 2 1019: 1017: 972: 970: 941: 938:Stengel dive 907: 905: 849: 820: 818: 796: 794: 748: 746: 729:Kings Island 693: 691: 666: 642: 638: 634: 632: 619: 606:airtime hill 605: 601: 597: 595: 570:Iron Rattler 563: 528: 513: 504: 467: 448: 436: 433:Linear motor 421: 398: 391: 353:Top Thrill 2 330: 307: 304:Launch track 297:SpeedMonster 287:Launch track 282: 270:models from 268:Wing Coaster 265: 249:foot chopper 248: 242: 236: 234: 214: 210:Pirate Ships 183: 161: 145: 128: 111: 100: 76: 74: 28: 26: 3891:Single-rail 3728:13 December 3548:January 11, 3298:"Dive Drop" 3232:COASTER-net 3165:October 26, 2936:ElloCoaster 2364:Cedar Point 2324:Lotte World 2313:Water spout 2302:Diamondback 2186:zero-g roll 2169:Zero-g roll 2157:(1978) and 2081:(Germany). 2079:Europa-Park 2071:Cedar Point 2020:located at 2013:sea serpent 2007:Sea serpent 2001:Vekoma SLCs 1838:Hersheypark 1798:Thorpe Park 1727:Furius Baco 1711:Thorpe Park 1687:Cedar Point 1644:Cedar Point 1605:Cedar Point 1589:World War I 1550:Thorpe Park 1538:barrel roll 1490:Dragon Khan 1474:Cedar Point 1458:Thorpe Park 1332:Sea Serpent 1166:(B&M). 1096:Banana roll 1028:Cedar Point 957:Thunderbolt 805:Black Mamba 774:Hersheypark 725:Diamondback 657:located at 655:Jack Rabbit 649:located at 647:Jack Rabbit 643:double down 639:double drop 628:Jack Rabbit 479:Thorpe Park 409:Cedar Point 357:Cedar Point 349:Thorpe Park 237:headchopper 220:Headchopper 148:pirate ship 77:banked turn 70:Dragon Khan 60:Banked turn 54:Banked turn 3963:Categories 3844:Technology 3627:. RCDB.com 3510:2007-09-28 3476:. RCDB.com 3406:2007-09-30 3319:"The Ride" 3237:August 22, 3140:2007-09-28 3040:Coaster101 2969:August 24, 2941:August 24, 2827:2021-07-04 2619:2018-08-12 2526:Coaster101 2383:References 2274:Disneyland 2248:Splashdown 2036:Sidewinder 2026:The Smiler 1942:raven turn 1936:Raven turn 1842:Fahrenheit 1744:, such as 1673:, B&M 1640:GateKeeper 1621:GateKeeper 1470:GateKeeper 1402:flat spin, 1312:cobra roll 1305:Alpengeist 1295:Cobra roll 1160:cobra roll 993:Outlaw Run 973:speed hill 967:Speed hill 928:Iron Gwazi 901:Iron Gwazi 770:Laff Trakk 635:double dip 616:Double dip 431:See also: 202:Galaxyland 198:Mindbender 171:brake runs 158:Drive tire 58:See also: 3881:Lift hill 3857:Inversion 3852:Brake run 3480:April 22, 3458:August 5, 3329:17 August 3228:"G Force" 3126:"Batwing" 2593:17 August 2562:17 August 2495:USA Today 2128:in 1976. 2075:Blue Fire 1997:roll over 1980:Roll over 1970:Dinoconda 1962:Eejanaika 1830:TusenFryd 1794:The Swarm 1790:Gardaland 1746:Galactica 1707:The Swarm 1570:Afterburn 1497:dive loop 1480:Dive loop 1454:The Swarm 1446:dive drop 1440:Dive drop 1371:Corkscrew 1359:corkscrew 1342:Corkscrew 1338:in 1984. 1328:Boomerang 1326:Vekoma's 1285:Blue Hawk 1260:butterfly 1254:Butterfly 1247:Blue Hawk 1172:Carowinds 1168:Afterburn 1133:Kennywood 1113:Takabisha 1072:Wave turn 1032:Kingda Ka 1013:Kingda Ka 985:Leviathan 961:Luna Park 758:horseshoe 749:horseshoe 743:Horseshoe 667:double up 659:Seabreeze 651:Kennywood 598:camelback 592:Camelback 388:Lift hill 371:Lift hill 361:Kingda Ka 318:lift hill 164:motorized 97:Brake run 91:Brake run 3935:Category 3874:Rollback 3818:Rankings 3798:Elements 3791:Overview 3722:Archived 3631:June 12, 3609:June 12, 3500:Glossary 3453:rcdb.com 3433:June 26, 3428:RCDB.com 3396:Glossary 3188:RCDB.com 3184:"Bowtie" 3130:Glossary 2884:July 31, 2858:9 August 2822:rcdb.com 2783:June 12, 2761:June 12, 2735:June 12, 2710:June 12, 2648:June 12, 2530:Archived 2500:Archived 2467:Archived 2433:Archived 2371:See also 2360:Maverick 2330:Hyperion 2229:Wildfire 2116:massive 2067:Maverick 2046:Maverick 1990:Infusion 1850:Liseberg 1770:Firehawk 1683:Rougarou 1546:Colossus 1462:X-Flight 1269:Goudurix 1149:Goudurix 1050:coasters 981:G-forces 881:Tempesto 717:Behemoth 687:Behemoth 671:Stampida 559:Oblivion 501:Pre-drop 417:Maverick 337:rollback 141:air time 136:solenoid 125:Buzz bar 81:G-forces 3947:Commons 3901:Station 3813:Physics 3803:History 3376:May 11, 3193:June 6, 3091:June 5, 3068:May 11, 3045:June 5, 3019:June 5, 2994:June 5, 2910:June 8, 2536:May 14, 2506:May 14, 2473:May 13, 2439:May 12, 2409:May 12, 2294:SheiKra 2286:Griffon 2258:Griffon 2233:S&S 2225:Goliath 2194:g-force 2118:g-force 1886:Banshee 1866:Banshee 1754:Batwing 1601:Valravn 1414:cutback 1408:Cutback 1277:Plailly 1232:G Force 1156:batwing 1139:Batwing 1078:airtime 1054: 1043: 1039: 1020:top hat 1003:Top hat 949:Goliath 912:Intamin 610:airtime 566:tunnels 549:Tunnels 531:vehicle 510:Station 489:, and 411:; or a 345:Stealth 341:top hat 230:El Toro 34:airtime 3260: 3087:. RCDB 3064:. RCDB 2679: 2300:, and 1968:, and 1834:Norway 1786:Raptor 1705:; and 1468:, and 1394:Medusa 1281:France 1264:Vekoma 1204:bowtie 1048:strata 825:Kondaa 470:camera 452:potted 359:, and 192:, The 190:Zierer 186:Vekoma 152:Troika 3906:Train 3823:Types 2848:(PDF) 2350:Manta 1919:from 1906:Tatsu 1846:Helix 1778:Manta 1660:Chang 1316:cobra 1283:, or 1176:Montu 709:Nitro 519:Train 401:chain 314:train 279:Helix 103:track 85:helix 3730:2018 3690:2014 3659:2014 3633:2014 3611:2014 3550:2016 3482:2014 3460:2019 3435:2019 3378:2013 3331:2012 3258:ISBN 3239:2019 3195:2022 3167:2020 3093:2020 3070:2024 3047:2020 3021:2020 2996:2020 2971:2019 2943:2019 2912:2012 2886:2019 2860:2012 2785:2015 2763:2015 2737:2015 2712:2015 2677:ISBN 2650:2015 2595:2012 2564:2012 2538:2024 2508:2024 2475:2024 2441:2024 2411:2024 2227:and 2024:and 2011:The 1911:The 1844:and 1792:and 1740:and 1638:and 1542:line 1310:The 1174:and 1127:and 1030:and 991:and 955:and 914:and 879:and 790:Icon 768:and 733:Mako 731:and 698:see 653:and 437:The 188:and 167:tire 2673:137 2362:at 2352:at 2342:at 2332:at 2304:at 2296:at 2288:at 2272:at 2208:or 2188:or 2161:at 2153:at 2077:at 2069:at 2028:at 1972:at 1964:at 1956:at 1927:at 1888:at 1880:at 1848:at 1828:in 1796:at 1788:at 1780:at 1772:at 1764:at 1756:at 1748:at 1732:An 1709:at 1701:at 1693:at 1685:at 1665:An 1642:at 1634:at 1626:An 1603:at 1575:An 1548:at 1524:An 1472:at 1464:at 1456:at 1334:at 1287:at 1275:in 1271:in 1210:at 1198:at 1190:at 1178:at 1170:at 1131:at 1123:at 1115:at 1064:at 1034:at 1026:at 995:at 987:at 959:at 951:at 930:at 922:at 906:An 883:at 875:at 863:at 855:at 827:at 807:at 772:at 764:at 735:at 727:at 719:at 711:at 641:or 600:or 493:at 485:at 477:at 407:at 363:at 355:at 347:at 255:at 243:On 200:at 116:at 3965:: 3676:. 3650:. 3586:. 3567:. 3533:^ 3498:. 3451:. 3426:. 3415:^ 3394:. 3367:. 3348:. 3310:^ 3300:. 3281:. 3230:. 3212:. 3186:. 3175:^ 3157:. 3128:. 3110:. 3038:. 3004:^ 2979:^ 2960:. 2934:. 2920:^ 2877:. 2836:^ 2820:. 2802:. 2720:^ 2702:. 2685:. 2675:. 2628:^ 2581:. 2555:. 2524:. 2498:. 2492:. 2461:. 2449:^ 2427:. 2400:. 2292:, 2239:. 2231:. 2204:A 2184:A 2107:A 2060:A 2032:. 2003:. 1960:, 1954:X² 1940:A 1892:. 1871:A 1852:. 1832:, 1819:A 1784:, 1776:, 1768:, 1760:, 1752:, 1713:. 1697:; 1689:; 1646:. 1532:A 1495:A 1476:. 1460:, 1444:A 1412:A 1357:A 1291:. 1279:, 1258:A 1238:. 1218:. 1154:A 1135:. 1018:A 971:A 963:. 934:. 887:. 819:A 811:. 795:A 776:. 747:A 739:. 723:, 715:, 692:A 633:A 596:A 481:, 419:. 351:, 235:A 208:, 154:. 87:. 75:A 3763:e 3756:t 3749:v 3732:. 3692:. 3661:. 3635:. 3613:. 3590:. 3571:. 3552:. 3527:. 3513:. 3484:. 3462:. 3437:. 3409:. 3380:. 3352:. 3333:. 3304:. 3285:. 3266:. 3241:. 3216:. 3197:. 3169:. 3143:. 3114:. 3095:. 3072:. 3049:. 3023:. 2998:. 2973:. 2945:. 2914:. 2888:. 2862:. 2830:. 2806:. 2787:. 2765:. 2739:. 2714:. 2652:. 2622:. 2597:. 2566:. 2540:. 2510:. 2477:. 2443:. 2413:. 2276:. 1041:— 20:)

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List of roller coaster elements

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