714:
415:
761:. The attendant bishops urged Rollo to kiss the king's foot to prove his allegiance. Rollo refused, saying "I will never bow my knees at the knees of any man, and no man's foot will I kiss." Instead, Rollo commanded one of his warriors to kiss the king's foot. The warrior complied by raising the king's foot to his mouth as the king was standing, which "caused the king to topple backward" much to the amusement of their entourage. On taking his oath of fealty, Rollo divided the lands between the rivers
847:
710:. Her parentage is uncertain, and may have been invented after the fact to legitimize her son's lineage, as many of the fantastic genealogical claims made by Dudo were. She may have come from any country with which the Norse had contact, as Dudo is a highly unreliable source who may have written his chronicle primarily as a didactic tool to teach courtly values.
739:, daughter of Charles, possibly her legitimate father. Since Charles first married in 907, that would mean that Gisela was at most 5 years old at the time of the treaty of 911 which offered her in marriage. It has therefore been speculated that she could have been an illegitimate daughter. However, a diplomatic child betrothal need not be doubted.
728:, brother of Odo, again defeated another band of Viking warriors in Chartres with his well-trained horsemen. This victory paved the way for Rollo's baptism and settlement in Normandy. In return for formal recognition of the lands he possessed, Rollo agreed to be baptised and assisted the king in defending the realm. As was custom, Rollo took the
38:
932:, was announced in 2011 to discern the origins of the historic Viking leader. On 29 February 2016, Norwegian researchers opened Richard the Good's tomb and found a lower jaw with eight teeth in it. However, the skeletal remains in both graves turned out to significantly predate Rollo and therefore are not related to him.
784:, it was agreed upon that it was in the interests of both Rollo himself and his Frankish allies to extend his authority over Viking settlers. This would appear to be the motive for later concessions to the Vikings of the Seine, which are mentioned in other records of the time. When Charles III was being deposed by
814:
Rudolph was recorded as sponsoring a new agreement by which a group of
Norsemen conceded the provinces of the Bessin and Maine. These settlers were presumed to be Rollo and his associates, moving their authority westward from the Seine valley. It is still unclear as to whether Rollo was being given
495:
According to Dudo, an unnamed king of
Denmark was antagonistic to Rollo's family, including his father – an unnamed Danish nobleman – and Rollo's brother Gurim. Following the death of their father, Gurim was killed and Rollo was forced to leave Denmark. Dudo appears to have been the main source for
426:, although it is uncertain whether he was Danish or Norwegian. In part, this disparity may result from the indifferent and interchangeable usage in Europe, at the time, of terms such as "Vikings", "Northmen/Norsemen", "Norse", "Swedes", "Danes", "Norwegians" and so on (in the Medieval Latin texts
940:
Rollo's dynasty survived through a combination of ruthless military action and infighting among the 10th-century
Frankish aristocracy, which left them severely weakened and unable to resist the Rouen Vikings’ growing determination to stay put. After Rollo's death, his direct male descendants
3656:
Cyclopedia of
Classified Dates: With an Exhaustive Index, by Charles E. Little; for the Use of Students of History, and for All Persons who Desire Speedy Access to the Facts and Events, which Relate to the Histories of the Various Countries of the World, from the Earliest Recorded
492:) was commissioned by Rollo's grandson, Richard I of Normandy and while Dudo likely had access to family members and/or other people with a living memory of Rollo, this fact must be weighed against the text's potential biases, as an official biography.
544:(Norway), or perhaps a more obscure settlement that has since been abandoned or renamed. Benoît also repeated the claim that Rollo had been persecuted by a local ruler and had fled from there to "Scanza island", by which Benoît probably means
293:
The name Rollo is first recorded in a charter written in 918 as the leader of a group of Viking settlers, and he reigned over the region of
Normandy until at least 928. He was succeeded by his son
301:
that he had founded. The offspring of Rollo and his followers, through their intermingling with the indigenous
Frankish and Gallo-Roman population of the lands they settled, became known as the "
2494:
5107:
980:
642:
evidence for a connection to Rollo, whose father (according to Richer) was named Ketill, while Rollo also (according to Dudo) had a brother named Gurim – a name likely cognate with
4552:
422:
Rollo was born in the mid-9th century as his tomb states he was in his eighties when he died in 933; his place of birth is almost definitely located in the region of
4380:
626:
of
Scotland. Both Irish and Icelandic sources suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in northern Scotland, where he had a daughter named Cadlinar (
3977:
4459:
4328:
834:
in 928, and 933 – the year in which a third grant of land, usually identified as being the
Cotentin and Avranchin areas, was given to his son and successor
632:
Kathleen). Icelandic sources name Ketill
Flatnose's father as Björn GrĂmsson, which would imply that the name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfather was
973:
4358:
2872:
2503:
515:
monk and historian, who wrote: "Rollo sailed boldly from Norway with his fleet to the
Christian coast." Likewise, the 12th-century English historian
2905:
5087:
652:, where Ketill Flatnose's ancestors were also said to have originated. However, there are no surviving sources explicitly claiming a connection;
874:'s most cohesive and formidable principality. The descendants of Rollo and his men assimilated with the Frankish culture and became known as the
684:
waged a campaign against the Vikings, nearly levelling Rouen and other settlements. Eventually, he conceded "certain coastal provinces" to them.
446:
Sources do not make clear the year of Rollo's birth, but from his activity, marriage, children, and death, the mid-9th century may be inferred.
4857:
2031:
966:
4782:
4621:
4602:
4583:
4546:
4525:
4279:
4011:
3927:
3877:
3637:
3598:
3541:
3407:
807:
by Charles' opponents who traded their cooperation for more territorial concessions. The need for an agreement was particularly urgent when
4975:
4489:
2433:
950:
4114:
750:", namely "Rollo and his associates" for "the protection of the kingdom". Dudo retrospectively stated that this pact took place in 911 at
3510:
5112:
595:. HrĂłlf the Walker was so named because he "was so big that no horse could carry him". The Icelandic sources claim that HrĂłlfr was from
4655:
3447:
4734:
4707:
4695:
859:
707:
310:
4536:
3341:
A character, broadly inspired by the historical Rollo but including many events predating the historical Rollo's birth, played by
5036:
347:(written in the 13th century) records that Rolf the Ganger went to Normandy and ruled it, so Rollo is generally presumed to be a
713:
282:, granted them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is now Rouen in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage,
3697:
1457:
757:
Dudo narrates a humorous story not found in other primary sources about Rollo's pledge of fealty to Charles III as part of the
528:
481:
480:)), and had moved from there to the island of Scandza. One of Rollo's great-grandsons and a contemporary of Dudo was known as
4304:
2474:
758:
5122:
4911:
2950:
1638:
799:, another one of his Norman allies. With their combined army they marched to his aid in fulfilment of their pledge to the
4906:
3364:
1431:
929:
436:
5077:
4827:
4645:
4388:
4084:
3944:
2530:
2405:
1877:
1678:
4449:
5117:
4916:
4850:
3692:
3323:
2059:
1657:
318:
306:
287:
4320:
3895:
3350:
365:
by Saxo Grammaticus. It is also sometimes suggested that Rollo may be a Latinised version of another Norse name,
5102:
5097:
4956:
3766:
The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria & Sicily & of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother, Geoffrey Malaterra
2378:
1472:
815:
lordship over the Vikings already settled in the region to domesticate and restrain them, or the Franks around
4350:
4163:
Bauduin, Pierre (2005). "Chefs normands et élites franques, fin IX–début X siècle". In Bauduin, Pierre (ed.).
3770:
608:
523:
414:
3972:
5092:
2544:
1836:
532:
that Rollo had been born in a town named "Fasge". This has since been variously interpreted as referring to
326:
271:
3318:
3295:
1516:
611:. However, these claims were made three centuries after the history commissioned by Rollo's own grandson.
497:
20:
1485:
435:
The earliest well-attested historical event associated with Rollo is his part in leading the Vikings who
4997:
4921:
4900:
4843:
4568:
3105:
2070:
1492:
1274:
886:
863:
516:
450:
373:
945:
became King of England and Duke of Normandy in 1135. The duchy was later absorbed into what became the
329:
from the 11th to 13th centuries, leaving behind an enduring legacy in the histories of Europe and the
5082:
5003:
4991:
4986:
4965:
3221:
3083:
3061:
2615:
1843:
906:
898:
751:
604:
454:
5030:
4980:
3355:
2898:
2835:
1824:
1526:
1465:
914:
846:
835:
800:
681:
403:
3399:
706:
or Poppa, a daughter of Berenger, Count of Rennes. He married her, and she bore his son and heir,
5053:
4932:
2886:
2879:
2487:
2113:
954:
918:
902:
824:
808:
743:
725:
508:
275:
227:
4687:
4481:
3869:
1889:
1690:
1461:
928:
investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson Richard the Fearless, and his great-grandson
901:
are not direct male-line descendants of Rollo, as the House of Normandy ended with the death of
596:
4106:
4003:
614:
There may be circumstantial evidence for kinship between Rollo and his historical contemporary
5024:
4894:
4878:
4870:
4778:
4770:
4730:
4703:
4691:
4651:
4617:
4598:
4579:
4542:
4521:
4300:
4275:
4007:
3923:
3873:
3832:
3828:
3665:
3661:
3633:
3629:
3594:
3590:
3537:
3502:
3443:
3403:
3291:
2367:
2046:
1149:
989:
890:
867:
789:
785:
619:
459:
322:
298:
294:
200:
176:
156:
140:
99:
66:
794:
4866:
3995:
3967:
3959:
3865:
3618:
3582:
3391:
3327:
2939:
2916:
2523:
2516:
1697:
1239:
942:
736:
561:
129:
5014:
4927:
4804:
3346:
2537:
2416:
2004:
910:
718:
703:
615:
591:
501:
283:
235:
215:
124:
110:
4667:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni
3392:
1708:
3796:. Vol. II, 127. Translated by Sharpe, John. Seeleys, London: Llanerch. p. 110.
258:, a region in today's northern France. He emerged as a leading warrior figure among the
5072:
5049:
4948:
4938:
4817:
3335:
2598:
2591:
2456:
2439:
2063:
1026:
946:
729:
702:
Dudo recorded that when Rollo controlled Bayeux by force, he carried off the beautiful
381:
314:
196:
190:
48:
5066:
4759:
4746:
3996:
3919:
3654:
3619:
3583:
3342:
2361:
691:”. This has puzzled many historians, but recently this person has been identified as
623:
440:
389:
361:
4678:. Translated by Elizabeth van Houts. Manchester and New York: Manchester University.
3687:
2558:
1522:
1509:
925:
871:
804:
585:
394:
348:
343:
279:
4723:
894:
537:
512:
423:
87:
687:
According to Dudo, Rollo struck up a friendship in England with a king called “
3331:
2461:
777:
465:
3669:
3534:
A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe
3918:. Special Publications. Washington DC: National Geographic Society. p.
3912:
639:
541:
330:
4076:
3963:
4165:
Les Fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie
4454:
1591:
879:
831:
820:
677:
259:
255:
648:. In addition, Icelandic sources report that Rollo's ancestral home was
4650:. Translated by Eric Christiansen. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
875:
851:
746:
to an abbey, which referred to an earlier grant to "the Normans of the
692:
649:
603:, in the late 9th century and that his parents were the Norwegian jarl
577:
302:
171:
290:
and a pledge to defend the Seine's estuary from other Viking raiders.
816:
781:
600:
545:
263:
247:
161:
4835:
519:
stated that Rollo was "born of noble lineage among the Norwegians".
453:
in the late 10th century, he claimed that Rollo "the Dane" was from
3764:
3741:
for Denmark (also the name of a Roman province near the Black Sea).
845:
766:
747:
712:
695:, the Danish leader whom Alfred the Great baptised with the name “
673:
413:
352:
267:
251:
37:
4434:
Haskins, Charles H. 1912. "Normandy Under Geoffrey Plantagenet",
3442:. Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC. p. 329.
735:
The seal of the agreement was to be a marriage between Rollo and
507:
A Norwegian background for Rollo was first explicitly claimed by
313:
over the following two centuries, their descendants came to rule
3614:
762:
580:
533:
504:(early 12th century), although both include additional details.
399:
4839:
3899:(in Norwegian). Vol. 4. Oslo: Aschehoug. pp. 351–353.
3822:
3817:
3807:
658:
was a common name in Norse societies, as were names like Gurim/
819:
to protect them from other Viking leaders settled in eastern
449:
Among biographical remarks about Rollo written by the cleric
4381:"Skeletal shock for Norwegian researchers at Viking hunting"
4272:
Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066
3893:
Bull, Edvard; Krogvig, Anders; Gran, Gerhard, eds. (1929).
355:, a theory that is supported by the rendition of HrĂłlfr as
4146:
4144:
3581:
Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas, eds. (2007).
742:
The earliest record of Rollo is from 918, in a charter of
4274:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 89.
3737:
for the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula and
3792:
William of Malmesbury (1989) . Stephenson, John (ed.).
607:('Rognvald the Wise') and a noblewoman from Møre named
490:
Libri III de moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum
4773:(2011). Fanning, Steven; Bachrach, Bernard S. (eds.).
4595:
The Hammer and the Cross: A New History of the Vikings
4421:
Huscroft, Richard (2005) "Ruling England, 1042–1217",
4217:
4215:
4213:
830:
Rollo died sometime between a final mention of him by
724:
There are few contemporary mentions of Rollo. In 911,
699:
and was recognised as King of the East Angles in 880.
4644:
Dudo of St. Quentin (1998). Eric Christiansen (ed.).
4188:
4186:
5013:
4964:
4947:
4877:
4684:
Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney
4597:. London: Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Group.
4482:"Old Wounds – Assassin's Creed Valhalla Wiki Guide"
3733:, Chapter 5. Dudo uses the terminology of the day,
3425:
Rollon : Le chef viking qui fonda la Normandie
676:in 876 is supported by the contemporary chronicler
549:
183:
170:
139:
117:
105:
93:
76:
72:
62:
54:
47:
30:
4758:
4745:
4722:
3911:
4233:
3973:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb
3489:
5108:Converts to Christianity from Germanic paganism
885:Rollo was the great-great-great-grandfather of
811:, successor of Charles III, was killed in 923.
659:
653:
643:
633:
627:
565:
564:identified Rollo with HrĂłlfr the Walker (Norse
4757:Fitzhugh, William W.; Ward, Elizabeth (2000).
4690:; Edwards, Paul. London: Hogarth Press. 1978.
3316:Rollo is the subject of the 17th-century play
242:; died in 933), also known with his epithet,
4851:
4351:"Was Viking Ruler Rollo Danish or Norwegian?"
3862:King Harald's Saga: Harald Hardradi of Norway
974:
8:
4702:. Republished 1981, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
571:
4616:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
3806:Rollo and his followers are referred to as
3769:. Translated by Loud, Graham A. p. 3.
3394:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
475:
469:
427:
4858:
4844:
4836:
4800:
4450:"Reflections of a Viking by Clive Standen"
4321:"Viking is 'forefather to British Royals'"
981:
967:
959:
36:
27:
4409:
4177:
4026:
3971:
3621:The History of the Norman People: Wace's
3532:Neveux, François; Curtis, Howard (2008).
909:was influenced by the Norman dynasty, as
732:“Robert”, after his godfather, Robert I.
4775:The Annals of Flodoard of Reims: 919–966
4257:
4150:
4075:Histories, Medieval (11 February 2014).
4050:
3750:
3556:
769:among his chieftains and settled in the
262:who had secured a permanent foothold on
3660:. Funk & Wagnalls Company. p.
3382:
3362:Rollo is a character in the video game
4492:from the original on 15 September 2022
4245:
4221:
4002:. Edinburgh University Press. p.
3945:"From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghà idheil"
3943:Jennings, Andrew; Kruse, Arne (2009).
3831:edition, p. 173, available online via
3568:
878:, lending their name to the region of
511:(Geoffrey Malaterra), an 11th-century
16:10th-century Viking and Count of Rouen
4725:The Normans: the History of a Dynasty
4538:The Normans: The History of a Dynasty
4204:
3477:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3104:
3102:
3082:
3080:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3008:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2883:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2557:
2555:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2522:
2520:
2502:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2473:
2471:
2455:
2453:
2432:
2428:Lady of the English "Empress Matilda"
2415:
2404:
2402:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2258:
2203:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2069:
2067:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2028:
2003:
1947:
1897:
1876:
1874:
1842:
1840:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1696:
1694:
1677:
1675:
1656:
1654:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1515:
1513:
1491:
1489:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1454:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1360:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
672:Dudo's chronicle about Rollo seizing
311:conquest of southern Italy and Sicily
42:Rollo as depicted in the 13th century
7:
4794:Historical Atlas of the Viking World
4299:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 16.
4192:
4135:
4062:
4038:
3983:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3794:The Kings Before the Norman Conquest
3730:
3718:
3686:Mark, Joshua J. (27 November 2018).
917:was the daughter of the Norman king
780:in return for the alliance with the
522:A chronicler named Benoît (probably
418:A statue of Rollo in Ă…lesund, Norway
4361:from the original on 9 October 2016
3438:Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (2016).
3427:(in French). Tallander. p. 76.
2411:King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor
4571:(1998). Christiansen, Eric (ed.).
4462:from the original on 22 April 2016
4387:. 23 November 2016. Archived from
3700:from the original on 16 April 2021
372:The 10th-century French historian
14:
4674:Elizabeth van Houts, ed. (2000).
4665:Elizabeth van Houts, ed. (1992).
4331:from the original on 18 June 2011
4117:from the original on 20 June 2020
3773:from the original on 3 March 2020
3094:, King of England as "Richard I"
1866:, King of England as "William I"
957:, herself a descendant of Rollo.
941:continued to rule Normandy until
680:, who records that Robert of the
4765:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
4761:Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga
4729:. London: Hambledon and London.
4167:(in French). CRAHM. p. 182.
4087:from the original on 1 July 2022
3617:(2004). Burgess, Glyn S. (ed.).
554:). Benoît says elsewhere in the
526:) wrote in the mid-12th-century
266:soil in the valley of the lower
146:
4777:. University of Toronto Press.
4555:from the original on 2 May 2023
4448:Turnbow, Tina (18 March 2013).
3998:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
3952:Viking and Medieval Scandinavia
3653:Little, Charles Eugene (1900).
3513:from the original on 3 May 2021
3239:
3230:
3118:
3096:
3071:
2855:
2846:
2446:
2395:
2386:
2138:
2129:
2095:
2086:
2021:
1868:
1860:
1668:
1647:
1447:
1285:
1166:
1075:
622:– a Norse realm centred on the
529:Chronique des ducs de Normandie
5088:10th-century dukes of Normandy
4748:The Norsemen in the Viking Age
3845:"4 – To Shetland and Orkney".
3463:"4 – To Shetland and Orkney".
759:Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
388:, is used in the 12th-century
1:
4612:Van Houts, Elizabeth (2000).
4436:The English Historical Review
4423:The English Historical Review
3585:Henry II: New Interpretations
2951:Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
2890:
2562:
2548:
2507:
2478:
2420:
2119:
2076:
2050:
2035:
2010:
1881:
1849:
1828:
1682:
1501:
1476:
1155:
80:
4438:, volume 27 (July): 417–444.
3763:Malaterra, Geoffrey (2005).
3492:, pp. xx–xxi, 14, 16–17
2944:
2910:
1702:
1497:
1438:
1066:
850:A genealogical chart of the
432:means 'Danes or Northmen').
384:Robert. A variant spelling,
380:records that Rollo took the
254:, became the first ruler of
4752:. Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
4744:Christiansen, Eric (2002).
3824:Ne lui nuire n’à ses Daneis
3819:Iriez fu Rous en son curage
5139:
5113:Burials at Rouen Cathedral
4325:Views and News from Norway
3860:Sturluson, Snorri (1966).
3693:World History Encyclopedia
1164:2nd Norman count of Rouen
1073:1st Norman count of Rouen
1069: between 928 and 933
953:, who in 1128 had married
949:following its conquest by
803:, but were stopped at the
468:of the Latin for Denmark (
410:Origins and historiography
307:Norman conquest of England
284:swearing allegiance to him
18:
5046:
4824:
4815:
4810:
4803:
4593:Ferguson, Robert (2009).
3896:Norsk biografisk leksikon
3628:. Boydell Press. p.
3589:. Boydell Press. p.
3365:Assassin's Creed Valhalla
3172:
3170:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2721:
2719:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2633:
2631:
2574:
2430:
2413:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2153:
2151:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1799:
1797:
1784:
1782:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1734:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1205:
1203:
1116:
1114:
788:he appealed to Rollo and
638:. That would be limited,
437:besieged Paris in 885–886
406:, a descendant of Rollo.
402:and commissioned by King
35:
4295:Brown, R. Allen (1984).
4270:Searle, Eleanor (1988).
4111:Britannica Encyclopaedia
3077:in his father's lifetime
2529:m. Matilda d'Avranches,
2468:in his father's lifetime
1844:William II (of Normandy)
576:) from the 13th-century
398:, which was compiled by
4792:Konstam, Agnus (2002).
3910:La Fay, Howard (1972).
3823:
3818:
3808:
3507:Encyclopedia Britannica
2071:William II (of England)
654:
644:
628:
566:
439:but were fended off by
231:
219:
4721:Crouch, David (2002).
4647:History of the Normans
4575:History of the Normans
4535:Crouch, David (2006).
4234:Flodoard of Reims 2011
3964:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676
3490:Flodoard of Reims 2011
3423:Bouet, Pierre (2016).
3390:Bradbury, Jim (2004).
3319:Rollo Duke of Normandy
3228:13th Duke of Normandy
2844:10th Duke of Normandy
2531:Baroness of Okehampton
858:Rollo's son and heir,
855:
721:
660:
634:
572:
558:that Rollo is Danish.
550:
540:(Denmark), Fauske, in
476:
470:
428:
419:
351:of the Old Norse name
239:
21:Rollo (disambiguation)
4676:The Normans in Europe
4614:The Normans in Europe
4569:Dudo of Saint-Quentin
4516:Bates, David (1982).
4077:"Dudo of St. Quentin"
3688:"Odo of West Francia"
3398:. Routledge. p.
3312:Depictions in fiction
3114:12th Duke of Normandy
3092:11th Duke of Normandy
2552: 1100/1104–1158
2465:Duke of Normandy 1120
2444:9th Duke of Normandy
2393:8th Duke of Normandy
2136:7th Duke of Normandy
2019:6th Duke of Normandy
1858:5th Duke of Normandy
1666:4th Duke of Normandy
1645:3rd Duke of Normandy
1445:2nd Duke of Normandy
1283:1st Duke of Normandy
893:in England; however,
887:William the Conqueror
849:
717:Rollo's grave at the
716:
524:Benoît de Sainte-More
517:William of Malmesbury
451:Dudo of Saint-Quentin
417:
5123:10th-century Vikings
4987:Henry the Young King
4966:House of Plantagenet
4573:Dudo of St Quentin:
4518:Normandy Before 1066
4107:"Robert I of France"
3994:Woolf, Alex (2007).
3674:rollo paris 885–886.
2616:House of Plantagenet
2434:Geoffrey Plantagenet
907:House of Plantagenet
899:British Royal Family
889:, the progenitor of
864:Richard the Fearless
776:Given Rouen and its
752:Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
605:Rognvald Eysteinsson
486:Historia Normannorum
378:Historia Normannorum
288:religious conversion
19:For other uses, see
4541:. A & C Black.
4053:, pp. 177–182.
2899:Bishop of Worcester
1837:Abbot of Saint Ouen
1825:Nicolas of Normandy
1486:Countess of Corbeil
1466:Archbishop of Rouen
915:Henry II of England
498:William of Jumièges
404:Henry II of England
5078:9th-century births
4796:. Checkmark Books.
4391:on 6 December 2021
4081:Medieval Histories
3509:. 28 August 2008.
3353:television series
3349:'s brother in the
3116:, King of England
2887:Roger of Worcester
2880:Earl of Gloucester
2873:William FitzRobert
2495:Richard of Lincoln
2488:Earl of Gloucester
2457:William III Adelin
955:Matilda of England
862:, and grandchild,
856:
825:Cotentin peninsula
773:capital of Rouen.
726:Robert I of France
722:
719:Cathedral of Rouen
609:Hildr HrĂłlfsdĂłttir
509:Goffredo Malaterra
484:. However, Dudo's
429:Dani vel Nortmanni
420:
276:Charles the Simple
244:Rollo "the Walker"
5118:House of Normandy
5060:
5059:
5018:(French appanage)
4879:House of Normandy
4834:
4833:
4825:Succeeded by
4784:978-1-44260-001-0
4771:Flodoard of Reims
4623:978-0-7190-4751-0
4604:978-0-670-02079-9
4585:978-0-85115-552-4
4548:978-1-85285-595-6
4527:978-0-582-48492-4
4488:. 30 April 2020.
4281:978-0-520-06276-4
4236:, Chapter 5, F–K.
4207:, pp. 20–21.
4138:, pp. 46–47.
4065:, pp. 38–39.
4013:978-0-7486-2821-6
3929:978-0-87044-108-0
3879:978-0-14-044183-3
3866:Magnusson, Magnus
3849:. pp. 26–27.
3829:Francisque Michel
3639:978-1-84383-007-8
3600:978-1-84383-340-6
3543:978-1-84529-523-3
3467:. pp. 26–27.
3409:978-0-415-41395-4
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3292:Duchy of Normandy
3069:Duke of Normandy
2570:Monk at Abingdon?
2368:Count of Flanders
1661:"the Magnificent"
1082:House of Normandy
990:House of Normandy
951:Geoffrey of Anjou
891:House of Normandy
868:Duchy of Normandy
860:William Longsword
786:Rudolph of France
708:William Longsword
620:King of the Isles
500:(after 1066) and
299:Duchy of Normandy
295:William Longsword
272:Siege of Chartres
250:who, as Count of
209:
208:
201:Roman Catholicism
157:William Longsword
100:Duchy of Normandy
67:William Longsword
5130:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4837:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4766:
4764:
4753:
4751:
4740:
4728:
4701:
4688:Pálsson, Hermann
4686:. Translated by
4679:
4670:
4661:
4627:
4608:
4589:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4531:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4357:. 2 March 2016.
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4327:. 15 June 2011.
4317:
4311:
4310:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4001:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3975:
3949:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3922:, 147, 164–165.
3917:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3870:Pálsson, Hermann
3864:. Translated by
3857:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3836:
3833:Internet Archive
3826:
3821:
3811:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3627:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3588:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3480:, pp. 8–10.
3475:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3397:
3387:
3328:Philip Massinger
3243:
3242: 1216–1272
3241:
3237:King of England
3234:
3233: 1216–1259
3232:
3122:
3121: 1199–1216
3120:
3100:
3099: 1189–1199
3098:
3075:
3074: 1170–1183
3073:
3065:"the Young King"
2948:
2946:
2940:Meiler Fitzhenry
2917:Bishop of Bayeux
2914:
2912:
2895:
2892:
2859:
2858: 1154–1189
2857:
2853:King of England
2850:
2849: 1150–1189
2848:
2599:House of Salians
2567:
2564:
2553:
2550:
2524:Robert FitzEdith
2517:Earl of Cornwall
2512:
2509:
2498:before 1101–1120
2483:
2480:
2450:
2449: 1144–1150
2448:
2425:
2422:
2399:
2398: 1135–1144
2397:
2390:
2389: 1135–1154
2388:
2384:King of England
2142:
2141: 1106–1135
2140:
2133:
2132: 1100–1135
2131:
2127:King of England
2124:
2121:
2099:
2098: 1096–1100
2097:
2090:
2089: 1087–1100
2088:
2084:King of England
2081:
2078:
2055:
2052:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2024: 1087–1106
2023:
2015:
2012:
1886:
1883:
1872:
1871: 1066–1087
1870:
1864:
1863: 1035–1087
1862:
1854:
1851:
1833:
1830:
1706:
1704:
1687:
1684:
1672:
1671: 1027–1035
1670:
1651:
1650: 1026–1027
1649:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1481:
1478:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1289:
1287:
1240:Duke of Normandy
1170:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1068:
998:
997:
983:
976:
969:
960:
943:Stephen of Blois
930:Richard the Good
913:, the mother of
798:
663:
657:
647:
637:
631:
575:
569:
562:Snorri Sturluson
553:
479:
473:
463:
431:
392:verse chronicle
150:
130:Gisela of France
85:
82:
40:
28:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5103:Viking warriors
5098:Norman warriors
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5054:king of England
5042:
5017:
5015:House of Valois
5009:
4968:
4960:
4951:
4943:
4881:
4873:
4864:
4830:
4821:
4805:French nobility
4791:
4785:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4737:
4720:
4717:
4715:Secondary texts
4698:
4682:
4673:
4664:
4658:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4633:Further reading
4630:
4624:
4611:
4605:
4592:
4586:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4420:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4037:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3847:Orkneyinga Saga
3844:
3843:
3839:
3816:. For example,
3812:throughout the
3805:
3801:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3476:
3472:
3465:Orkneyinga Saga
3462:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3351:History Channel
3347:Ragnar Lothbrok
3314:
3296:Treaty of Paris
3238:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2877:
2875:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2547:
2538:Gilbert FitzRoy
2528:
2526:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2007:
1890:Count of Évreux
1888:
1884:
1880:
1867:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:"the Conqueror"
1846:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1691:Count of Évreux
1689:
1685:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1521:
1519:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1462:Count of Évreux
1460:
1450: 996–1027
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
987:
938:
911:Empress Matilda
905:. However, the
844:
792:
670:
616:Ketill Flatnose
592:Orkneyinga Saga
502:Orderic Vitalis
482:Robert the Dane
457:
412:
339:
205:
166:
144:
143:
135:
125:Poppa of Bayeux
113:
111:Rouen Cathedral
98:
86:
83:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5093:Norse monarchs
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5050:count of Rouen
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5028:
5021:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4949:House of Blois
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4823:
4818:Count of Rouen
4814:
4808:
4807:
4799:
4798:
4789:
4783:
4767:
4754:
4741:
4735:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4696:
4680:
4671:
4662:
4657:978-0851155524
4656:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4622:
4609:
4603:
4590:
4584:
4578:. Woodbridge.
4565:
4547:
4532:
4526:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4473:
4440:
4427:
4414:
4410:Van Houts 2000
4402:
4372:
4342:
4312:
4305:
4287:
4280:
4262:
4260:, p. 183.
4250:
4238:
4226:
4209:
4197:
4195:, pp. 49.
4182:
4178:Van Houts 2000
4170:
4155:
4153:, p. 187.
4140:
4128:
4098:
4067:
4055:
4043:
4041:, p. xiv.
4031:
4027:Van Houts 2000
4019:
4012:
3986:
3935:
3928:
3902:
3885:
3878:
3852:
3837:
3799:
3784:
3755:
3753:, p. 177.
3743:
3723:
3711:
3678:
3645:
3638:
3606:
3599:
3573:
3561:
3559:, p. 180.
3549:
3542:
3524:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3455:
3449:979-1021017467
3448:
3440:Vikings at War
3430:
3415:
3408:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3336:George Chapman
3313:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3103:
3101:
3081:
3079:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2903:
2901:
2884:
2882:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2592:House of Blois
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2556:
2554:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2519:
2501:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2472:
2470:
2454:
2452:
2440:Count of Anjou
2431:
2429:
2414:
2412:
2409:1081/1086–1125
2403:
2401:
2382:1092/1096–1154
2376:
2374:
2372:Ducal claimant
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2068:
2066:
2064:Count of Blois
2044:
2042:
2029:
2027:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1875:
1873:
1841:
1839:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1695:
1693:
1676:
1674:
1655:
1653:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:House of Clare
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1520:978–after 1057
1514:
1512:
1490:
1488:
1470:
1468:
1455:
1453:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1288: 942–996
1278:"the Fearless"
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1169: 927–942
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1078: 911–927
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:Count of Rouen
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
994:
993:
986:
985:
978:
971:
963:
947:Angevin Empire
937:
934:
843:
840:
730:baptismal name
669:
666:
474:) and Sweden (
411:
408:
382:baptismal name
338:
335:
207:
206:
204:
203:
193:
191:Norse paganism
187:
185:
181:
180:
174:
168:
167:
165:
164:
159:
153:
151:
137:
136:
134:
133:
127:
121:
119:
115:
114:
109:
107:
103:
102:
95:
91:
90:
84: 835/870
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
49:Count of Rouen
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5135:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4939:William (III)
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4738:
4736:1-85285-387-5
4732:
4727:
4726:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4708:0-14-044383-5
4705:
4699:
4697:0-7012-0431-1
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4638:Primary texts
4637:
4632:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4412:, p. 15.
4411:
4406:
4403:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4258:Ferguson 2009
4254:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4180:, p. 25.
4179:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4151:Ferguson 2009
4147:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4051:Ferguson 2009
4047:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4029:, p. 43.
4028:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3990:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3751:Ferguson 2009
3747:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3557:Ferguson 2009
3553:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3525:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3386:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3343:Clive Standen
3339:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3324:John Fletcher
3322:, written by
3321:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:renounced at
3293:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3223:
3179:
3177:
3127:
3125:
3115:
3107:
3093:
3085:
3078:
3063:
3035:
3032:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2941:
2918:
2907:
2900:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2851:
2837:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2752:
2750:Illegitimate→
2739:
2684:
2680:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2600:
2593:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2546:
2545:Henry FitzRoy
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2505:
2496:
2489:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2441:
2435:
2418:
2407:
2400:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:William Clito
2359:
2356:
2348:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2204:Illegitimate→
2201:
2199:
2183:
2181:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2115:
2100:
2093:Ducal Regent
2072:
2065:
2061:
2048:
2033:
2026:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1927:
1925:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1879:
1865:
1845:
1838:
1826:
1806:
1804:
1763:
1761:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1698:Ralph de Gacé
1692:
1680:
1673:
1659:
1652:
1642:997/1001–1027
1640:
1620:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1582:
1574:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1433:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1324:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1276:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1212:
1210:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1151:
1123:
1121:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1063:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
999:
996:
995:
991:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:
962:
961:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
935:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
866:, forged the
865:
861:
853:
848:
841:
839:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
727:
720:
715:
711:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
662:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
625:
624:Western Isles
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
587:
582:
579:
574:
568:
563:
559:
557:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
472:
467:
461:
456:
452:
447:
444:
442:
441:Odo of France
438:
433:
430:
425:
416:
409:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:Norman French
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
363:
362:Gesta Danorum
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:". After the
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
202:
198:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
182:
178:
175:
173:
169:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
149:
148:
142:
138:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
96:
92:
89:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4888:
4816:
4811:
4793:
4774:
4760:
4747:
4724:
4683:
4675:
4666:
4646:
4613:
4594:
4576:
4572:
4557:. Retrieved
4537:
4517:
4496:15 September
4494:. Retrieved
4485:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4453:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4422:
4417:
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4389:the original
4385:Norway Today
4384:
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4354:
4345:
4333:. Retrieved
4324:
4315:
4296:
4290:
4271:
4265:
4253:
4248:, p. 8.
4241:
4229:
4224:, p. 6.
4200:
4173:
4164:
4158:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4110:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4080:
4070:
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
3997:
3989:
3955:
3951:
3938:
3913:
3905:
3894:
3888:
3861:
3855:
3846:
3840:
3813:
3802:
3793:
3787:
3775:. Retrieved
3765:
3758:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3691:
3681:
3673:
3655:
3648:
3624:
3623:Roman de Rou
3620:
3609:
3584:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3536:. Robinson.
3533:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3506:
3497:
3485:
3473:
3464:
3458:
3439:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3393:
3385:
3363:
3361:
3354:
3340:
3317:
3315:
3290:
3227:
3113:
3091:
3076:
2843:
2839:"Curtmantle"
2559:Fulk FitzRoy
2467:
2443:
2392:
2371:
2135:
2092:
2018:
1857:
1791:Illegitimate
1709:Lord of Gacé
1665:
1644:
1484:m. Germain,
1444:
1282:
1238:
1163:
1072:
1061:
1025:
992:Family tree
939:
923:
884:
872:West Francia
857:
829:
813:
801:Carolingians
775:
770:
756:
741:
734:
723:
701:
696:
688:
686:
682:Breton March
671:
613:
590:
586:Heimskringla
584:
573:Ganger-HrĂłlf
567:Göngu-Hrólfr
560:
555:
527:
521:
506:
494:
489:
485:
448:
445:
434:
421:
395:Roman de Rou
393:
385:
377:
371:
366:
360:
356:
349:Latinisation
344:Heimskringla
342:
340:
292:
280:West Francia
243:
223:
211:
210:
145:
25:
5083:930s deaths
5052:• ** Also
5039:(1465–1469)
5033:(1355–1364)
5027:(1332–1350)
4912:Richard III
4559:20 November
4520:. Longman.
4297:The Normans
4246:Crouch 2006
4222:Crouch 2006
4121:28 February
3914:The Vikings
3872:. Penguin.
3721:, Chapter 5
3569:Crouch 2006
3517:10 November
3087:"Lionheart"
2947: 1220
2913: 1142
2894: 1134
2566: 1092
2511: 1100
2482: 1090
2424: 1102
2123: 1068
2117:"Beauclerc"
2080: 1057
2054: 1067
2039: 1054
2014: 1051
1885: 1015
1853: 1028
1832: 1027
1705: 1051
1686: 1015
1639:Richard III
1523:Count of Eu
1510:Count of Eu
1505: 1010
1441: 1026
1153:"Longsword"
895:Charles III
842:Descendants
793: [
744:Charles III
697:Athelstan”,
599:in western
513:Benedictine
458: [
424:Scandinavia
195:Later (pre-
88:Scandinavia
5067:Categories
4992:Richard IV
4922:William II
4907:Richard II
4306:0312577761
4205:Bates 1982
3478:Bates 1982
3372:References
3332:Ben Jonson
3109:"Lackland"
3084:Richard IV
2060:Stephen II
2008:"Curthose"
1480: 988
1435:"the Good"
1432:Richard II
1159: 893
805:Oise River
778:hinterland
317:, much of
309:and their
278:, king of
270:after the
132:(possibly)
5004:Henry III
4969:1144–1259
4952:1135–1144
4928:Robert II
4901:Richard I
4895:William I
4828:William I
4812:New title
4365:6 October
4355:The Local
4193:Dudo 1998
4136:Dudo 1998
4091:19 August
4063:Dudo 1998
4039:Dudo 1998
3814:Chronique
3731:Dudo 1998
3719:Dudo 1998
3670:367478758
3377:Citations
3225:1207–1272
3222:Henry III
3111:1166–1216
3089:1157–1199
3067:1155–1183
2876:1116–1183
2841:1133–1189
2527:1093–1172
2437:1113–1151
2417:Matilda I
2365:1102–1128
2005:Robert II
1663:1000–1035
1517:William I
1275:Richard I
668:Biography
640:onomastic
578:Icelandic
570:; Danish
556:Chronique
548:(Swedish
542:Sykkylven
367:Hrollaugr
331:Near East
228:Old Norse
179:(founder)
63:Successor
4981:Henry II
4976:Geoffrey
4917:Robert I
4882:911–1135
4871:Normandy
4822:911–927
4553:Archived
4490:Archived
4466:19 March
4460:Archived
4455:HuffPost
4395:28 March
4359:Archived
4329:Archived
4115:Archived
4085:Archived
3978:Archived
3771:Archived
3704:23 April
3698:Archived
3511:Archived
2836:Henry II
2504:Reginald
2475:Robert I
1658:Robert I
1493:Geoffrey
897:and the
880:Normandy
832:Flodoard
823:and the
821:Brittany
809:Robert I
790:Ragenold
771:de facto
678:Flodoard
538:Sjælland
274:in 911.
264:Frankish
260:Norsemen
256:Normandy
246:, was a
184:Religion
177:Normandy
5037:Charles
5031:Charles
4957:Stephen
4933:Henry I
4509:Sources
4425:, p. 69
4335:15 June
3958:: 129.
3777:3 March
3735:Scandia
3503:"Rollo"
3356:Vikings
2906:Richard
2406:Henry V
2379:Stephen
2114:Henry I
2074:"Rufus"
2032:Richard
1878:William
1679:Richard
1527:Hiémois
1500:
1280:932–996
1150:William
926:genetic
919:Henry I
903:Henry I
876:Normans
854:dynasty
836:William
693:Guthrum
376:in his
359:in the
327:Antioch
319:Ireland
315:England
303:Normans
297:in the
224:Rolloun
58:911–928
4781:
4733:
4706:
4694:
4654:
4620:
4601:
4582:
4545:
4524:
4303:
4278:
4010:
3926:
3876:
3809:Daneis
3668:
3636:
3597:
3540:
3446:
3406:
3334:, and
3298:, 1259
1473:Mauger
1458:Robert
988:
936:Legacy
852:Norman
817:Bayeux
782:Franks
737:Gisela
689:Alstem
655:Ketill
629:KaĂ°lĂn
601:Norway
546:Scania
477:Suecia
353:HrĂłlfr
323:Sicily
248:Viking
240:Rollon
236:French
232:HrĂłlfr
216:Norman
197:Schism
162:Gerloc
118:Spouse
106:Burial
5073:Rollo
5048:* As
4889:Rollo
4867:Dukes
3981:(PDF)
3948:(PDF)
3739:Dacia
3657:Dates
3345:, is
3062:Henry
2896:–1179
2568:–1132
2513:–1175
2484:–1147
2460:1103–
2426:–1167
2125:–1135
2082:–1100
2056:–1137
2047:Adela
2041:–1070
2016:–1134
1887:–1067
1855:–1087
1834:–1092
1688:–1067
1482:–1032
1242:, 942
1062:Rollo
1029:, 911
870:into
797:]
767:Risle
748:Seine
674:Rouen
581:sagas
551:SkĂĄne
536:, in
471:Dania
466:blend
462:]
455:Dacia
357:Roluo
268:Seine
252:Rouen
212:Rollo
172:House
141:Issue
55:Reign
31:Rollo
5025:John
4998:John
4779:ISBN
4731:ISBN
4704:ISBN
4692:ISBN
4652:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4599:ISBN
4580:ISBN
4561:2020
4543:ISBN
4522:ISBN
4498:2022
4468:2013
4397:2017
4367:2016
4337:2011
4301:ISBN
4276:ISBN
4123:2020
4093:2022
4008:ISBN
3924:ISBN
3874:ISBN
3779:2020
3706:2021
3666:OCLC
3634:ISBN
3615:Wace
3595:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3519:2017
3444:ISBN
3404:ISBN
3106:John
2878:2nd
2515:1st
2486:1st
2462:1120
1525:and
1161:–942
765:and
763:Epte
704:Popa
661:Grim
650:Møre
645:Grim
635:Grim
597:Møre
589:and
534:Faxe
488:(or
400:Wace
374:Dudo
341:The
337:Name
325:and
147:more
94:Died
77:Born
4869:of
4486:IGN
4004:296
3968:hdl
3960:doi
3920:146
3662:666
2058:m.
464:(a
386:Rou
222:,
220:Rou
97:933
5069::
5006:**
5000:**
4994:**
4983:**
4959:**
4935:**
4924:**
4551:.
4484:.
4458:.
4452:.
4383:.
4353:.
4323:.
4212:^
4185:^
4143:^
4113:.
4109:.
4083:.
4079:.
4006:.
3976:.
3966:.
3954:.
3950:.
3868:;
3835:).
3696:.
3690:.
3672:.
3664:.
3632:.
3630:11
3593:.
3591:77
3505:.
3402:.
3400:83
3368:.
3359:.
3338:.
3330:,
3326:,
3240:r.
3231:r.
3119:r.
3097:r.
3072:r.
2945:d.
2911:d.
2891:c.
2856:r.
2847:r.
2563:c.
2549:c.
2508:c.
2479:c.
2447:r.
2442:,
2421:c.
2396:r.
2391:,
2387:r.
2139:r.
2134:,
2130:r.
2120:c.
2096:r.
2087:r.
2077:c.
2062:,
2051:c.
2036:c.
2022:r.
2011:c.
1882:c.
1869:r.
1861:r.
1850:c.
1829:c.
1703:d.
1683:c.
1669:r.
1648:r.
1502:c.
1498:d.
1477:c.
1464:,
1448:r.
1439:d.
1286:r.
1167:r.
1156:c.
1076:r.
1067:d.
924:A
921:.
882:.
838:.
827:.
795:fr
754:.
664:.
618:,
583:,
460:de
443:.
369:.
333:.
321:,
286:,
238::
234:;
230::
226:;
218::
199:)
81:c.
4903:*
4897:*
4891:*
4859:e
4852:t
4845:v
4787:.
4739:.
4710:.
4700:.
4669:.
4660:.
4626:.
4607:.
4588:.
4563:.
4530:.
4500:.
4470:.
4399:.
4369:.
4339:.
4309:.
4284:.
4125:.
4095:.
4016:.
3970::
3962::
3956:5
3932:.
3882:.
3827:(
3781:.
3708:.
3642:.
3603:.
3571:.
3546:.
3521:.
3452:.
3412:.
982:e
975:t
968:v
214:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
