725:
426:
772:. The attendant bishops urged Rollo to kiss the king's foot to prove his allegiance. Rollo refused, saying "I will never bow my knees at the knees of any man, and no man's foot will I kiss." Instead, Rollo commanded one of his warriors to kiss the king's foot. The warrior complied by raising the king's foot to his mouth as the king was standing, which "caused the king to topple backward" much to the amusement of their entourage. On taking his oath of fealty, Rollo divided the lands between the rivers
858:
721:. Her parentage is uncertain, and may have been invented after the fact to legitimize her son's lineage, as many of the fantastic genealogical claims made by Dudo were. She may have come from any country with which the Norse had contact, as Dudo is a highly unreliable source who may have written his chronicle primarily as a didactic tool to teach courtly values.
750:, daughter of Charles, possibly her legitimate father. Since Charles first married in 907, that would mean that Gisela was at most 5 years old at the time of the treaty of 911 which offered her in marriage. It has therefore been speculated that she could have been an illegitimate daughter. However, a diplomatic child betrothal need not be doubted.
739:, brother of Odo, again defeated another band of Viking warriors in Chartres with his well-trained horsemen. This victory paved the way for Rollo's baptism and settlement in Normandy. In return for formal recognition of the lands he possessed, Rollo agreed to be baptised and assisted the king in defending the realm. As was custom, Rollo took the
49:
943:, was announced in 2011 to discern the origins of the historic Viking leader. On 29 February 2016, Norwegian researchers opened Richard the Good's tomb and found a lower jaw with eight teeth in it. However, the skeletal remains in both graves turned out to significantly predate Rollo and therefore are not related to him.
795:, it was agreed upon that it was in the interests of both Rollo himself and his Frankish allies to extend his authority over Viking settlers. This would appear to be the motive for later concessions to the Vikings of the Seine, which are mentioned in other records of the time. When Charles III was being deposed by
825:
Rudolph was recorded as sponsoring a new agreement by which a group of
Norsemen conceded the provinces of the Bessin and Maine. These settlers were presumed to be Rollo and his associates, moving their authority westward from the Seine valley. It is still unclear as to whether Rollo was being given
506:
According to Dudo, an unnamed king of
Denmark was antagonistic to Rollo's family, including his father – an unnamed Danish nobleman – and Rollo's brother Gurim. Following the death of their father, Gurim was killed and Rollo was forced to leave Denmark. Dudo appears to have been the main source for
437:, although it is uncertain whether he was Danish or Norwegian. In part, this disparity may result from the indifferent and interchangeable usage in Europe, at the time, of terms such as "Vikings", "Northmen/Norsemen", "Norse", "Swedes", "Danes", "Norwegians" and so on (in the Medieval Latin texts
951:
Rollo's dynasty survived through a combination of ruthless military action and infighting among the 10th-century
Frankish aristocracy, which left them severely weakened and unable to resist the Rouen Vikings’ growing determination to stay put. After Rollo's death, his direct male descendants
3667:
Cyclopedia of
Classified Dates: With an Exhaustive Index, by Charles E. Little; for the Use of Students of History, and for All Persons who Desire Speedy Access to the Facts and Events, which Relate to the Histories of the Various Countries of the World, from the Earliest Recorded
503:) was commissioned by Rollo's grandson, Richard I of Normandy and while Dudo likely had access to family members and/or other people with a living memory of Rollo, this fact must be weighed against the text's potential biases, as an official biography.
555:(Norway), or perhaps a more obscure settlement that has since been abandoned or renamed. Benoît also repeated the claim that Rollo had been persecuted by a local ruler and had fled from there to "Scanza island", by which Benoît probably means
304:
The name Rollo is first recorded in a charter written in 918 as the leader of a group of Viking settlers, and he reigned over the region of
Normandy until at least 928. He was succeeded by his son
312:
that he had founded. The offspring of Rollo and his followers, through their intermingling with the indigenous
Frankish and Gallo-Roman population of the lands they settled, became known as the "
2505:
5118:
991:
653:
evidence for a connection to Rollo, whose father (according to Richer) was named Ketill, while Rollo also (according to Dudo) had a brother named Gurim – a name likely cognate with
4563:
433:
Rollo was born in the mid-9th century as his tomb states he was in his eighties when he died in 933; his place of birth is almost definitely located in the region of
4391:
637:
of
Scotland. Both Irish and Icelandic sources suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in northern Scotland, where he had a daughter named Cadlinar (
3988:
4470:
4339:
845:
in 928, and 933 – the year in which a third grant of land, usually identified as being the
Cotentin and Avranchin areas, was given to his son and successor
643:
Kathleen). Icelandic sources name Ketill
Flatnose's father as Björn GrĂmsson, which would imply that the name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfather was
984:
4369:
2883:
2514:
526:
monk and historian, who wrote: "Rollo sailed boldly from Norway with his fleet to the
Christian coast." Likewise, the 12th-century English historian
2916:
5098:
663:, where Ketill Flatnose's ancestors were also said to have originated. However, there are no surviving sources explicitly claiming a connection;
885:'s most cohesive and formidable principality. The descendants of Rollo and his men assimilated with the Frankish culture and became known as the
695:
waged a campaign against the Vikings, nearly levelling Rouen and other settlements. Eventually, he conceded "certain coastal provinces" to them.
457:
Sources do not make clear the year of Rollo's birth, but from his activity, marriage, children, and death, the mid-9th century may be inferred.
4868:
2042:
977:
4793:
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4613:
4594:
4557:
4536:
4290:
4022:
3938:
3888:
3648:
3609:
3552:
3418:
818:
by Charles' opponents who traded their cooperation for more territorial concessions. The need for an agreement was particularly urgent when
4986:
4500:
2444:
961:
4125:
761:", namely "Rollo and his associates" for "the protection of the kingdom". Dudo retrospectively stated that this pact took place in 911 at
3521:
5123:
606:. HrĂłlf the Walker was so named because he "was so big that no horse could carry him". The Icelandic sources claim that HrĂłlfr was from
4666:
3458:
4745:
4718:
4706:
870:
718:
321:
4547:
3352:
A character, broadly inspired by the historical Rollo but including many events predating the historical Rollo's birth, played by
5047:
358:(written in the 13th century) records that Rolf the Ganger went to Normandy and ruled it, so Rollo is generally presumed to be a
724:
293:, granted them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is now Rouen in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage,
3708:
1468:
768:
Dudo narrates a humorous story not found in other primary sources about Rollo's pledge of fealty to Charles III as part of the
539:
492:
491:)), and had moved from there to the island of Scandza. One of Rollo's great-grandsons and a contemporary of Dudo was known as
4315:
2485:
769:
5133:
4922:
2961:
1649:
810:, another one of his Norman allies. With their combined army they marched to his aid in fulfilment of their pledge to the
4917:
3375:
1442:
940:
447:
5088:
4838:
4656:
4399:
4095:
3955:
2541:
2416:
1888:
1689:
4460:
5128:
4927:
4861:
3703:
3334:
2070:
1668:
329:
317:
298:
4331:
3906:
3361:
376:
by Saxo Grammaticus. It is also sometimes suggested that Rollo may be a Latinised version of another Norse name,
5113:
5108:
4967:
3777:
The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria & Sicily & of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother, Geoffrey Malaterra
2389:
1483:
826:
lordship over the Vikings already settled in the region to domesticate and restrain them, or the Franks around
4361:
4174:
Bauduin, Pierre (2005). "Chefs normands et élites franques, fin IX–début X siècle". In Bauduin, Pierre (ed.).
3781:
619:
534:
425:
3983:
5103:
2555:
1847:
543:
that Rollo had been born in a town named "Fasge". This has since been variously interpreted as referring to
337:
282:
3329:
3306:
1527:
622:. However, these claims were made three centuries after the history commissioned by Rollo's own grandson.
508:
31:
1496:
446:
The earliest well-attested historical event associated with Rollo is his part in leading the Vikings who
5008:
4932:
4911:
4854:
4579:
3116:
2081:
1503:
1285:
897:
874:
527:
461:
384:
956:
became King of England and Duke of Normandy in 1135. The duchy was later absorbed into what became the
340:
from the 11th to 13th centuries, leaving behind an enduring legacy in the histories of Europe and the
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5014:
5002:
4997:
4976:
3232:
3094:
3072:
2626:
1854:
917:
909:
762:
615:
465:
5041:
4991:
3366:
2909:
2846:
1835:
1537:
1476:
925:
857:
846:
811:
692:
414:
3410:
717:
or Poppa, a daughter of Berenger, Count of Rennes. He married her, and she bore his son and heir,
5064:
4943:
2897:
2890:
2498:
2124:
965:
929:
913:
835:
819:
754:
736:
519:
286:
238:
4698:
4492:
3880:
1900:
1701:
1472:
939:
investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson Richard the Fearless, and his great-grandson
912:
are not direct male-line descendants of Rollo, as the House of Normandy ended with the death of
607:
4117:
4014:
625:
There may be circumstantial evidence for kinship between Rollo and his historical contemporary
5035:
4905:
4889:
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4702:
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3513:
3454:
3414:
3302:
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901:
878:
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630:
470:
333:
309:
305:
211:
187:
167:
151:
110:
77:
805:
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3629:
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2950:
2927:
2534:
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1708:
1250:
953:
747:
572:
140:
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3357:
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2015:
921:
729:
714:
626:
602:
512:
294:
246:
226:
135:
121:
4678:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni
3403:
1719:
3807:. Vol. II, 127. Translated by Sharpe, John. Seeleys, London: Llanerch. p. 110.
269:, a region in today's northern France. He emerged as a leading warrior figure among the
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2609:
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Dudo recorded that when Rollo controlled Bayeux by force, he carried off the beautiful
392:
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207:
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59:
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3665:
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3594:
3353:
2372:
702:”. This has puzzled many historians, but recently this person has been identified as
634:
451:
400:
372:
4689:. Translated by Elizabeth van Houts. Manchester and New York: Manchester University.
3698:
2569:
1533:
1520:
936:
882:
815:
596:
405:
359:
354:
290:
4734:
17:
905:
548:
523:
434:
98:
698:
According to Dudo, Rollo struck up a friendship in England with a king called “
3342:
2472:
788:
476:
3680:
3545:
A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe
3929:. Special Publications. Washington DC: National Geographic Society. p.
3923:
650:
552:
341:
4087:
3974:
4176:
Les Fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie
4465:
1602:
890:
842:
831:
688:
270:
266:
659:. In addition, Icelandic sources report that Rollo's ancestral home was
4661:. Translated by Eric Christiansen. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
886:
862:
757:
to an abbey, which referred to an earlier grant to "the Normans of the
703:
660:
614:, in the late 9th century and that his parents were the Norwegian jarl
588:
313:
182:
301:
and a pledge to defend the Seine's estuary from other Viking raiders.
827:
792:
611:
556:
274:
258:
172:
4846:
530:
stated that Rollo was "born of noble lineage among the Norwegians".
464:
in the late 10th century, he claimed that Rollo "the Dane" was from
3775:
3752:
for Denmark (also the name of a Roman province near the Black Sea).
856:
777:
758:
723:
706:, the Danish leader whom Alfred the Great baptised with the name “
684:
424:
363:
278:
262:
48:
4445:
Haskins, Charles H. 1912. "Normandy Under Geoffrey Plantagenet",
3453:. Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC. p. 329.
746:
The seal of the agreement was to be a marriage between Rollo and
518:
A Norwegian background for Rollo was first explicitly claimed by
324:
over the following two centuries, their descendants came to rule
3625:
773:
591:
544:
515:(early 12th century), although both include additional details.
410:
4850:
3910:(in Norwegian). Vol. 4. Oslo: Aschehoug. pp. 351–353.
3833:
3828:
3818:
669:
was a common name in Norse societies, as were names like Gurim/
830:
to protect them from other Viking leaders settled in eastern
460:
Among biographical remarks about Rollo written by the cleric
4392:"Skeletal shock for Norwegian researchers at Viking hunting"
4283:
Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066
3904:
Bull, Edvard; Krogvig, Anders; Gran, Gerhard, eds. (1929).
366:, a theory that is supported by the rendition of HrĂłlfr as
4157:
4155:
3592:
Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas, eds. (2007).
753:
The earliest record of Rollo is from 918, in a charter of
4285:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 89.
3748:
for the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula and
3803:
William of Malmesbury (1989) . Stephenson, John (ed.).
618:('Rognvald the Wise') and a noblewoman from Møre named
501:
Libri III de moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum
4784:(2011). Fanning, Steven; Bachrach, Bernard S. (eds.).
4606:
The Hammer and the Cross: A New History of the Vikings
4432:
Huscroft, Richard (2005) "Ruling England, 1042–1217",
4228:
4226:
4224:
841:
Rollo died sometime between a final mention of him by
735:
There are few contemporary mentions of Rollo. In 911,
710:
and was recognised as King of the East Angles in 880.
4655:
Dudo of St. Quentin (1998). Eric Christiansen (ed.).
4199:
4197:
5024:
4975:
4958:
4888:
4695:
Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney
4608:. London: Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Group.
4493:"Old Wounds – Assassin's Creed Valhalla Wiki Guide"
3744:, Chapter 5. Dudo uses the terminology of the day,
3436:
Rollon : Le chef viking qui fonda la Normandie
687:in 876 is supported by the contemporary chronicler
560:
194:
181:
150:
128:
116:
104:
87:
83:
73:
65:
58:
41:
4769:
4756:
4733:
3922:
4244:
3984:20.500.11820/762e78fe-2a9c-43cf-8173-8300892b31cb
3500:
5119:Converts to Christianity from Germanic paganism
896:Rollo was the great-great-great-grandfather of
822:, successor of Charles III, was killed in 923.
670:
664:
654:
644:
638:
576:
575:identified Rollo with HrĂłlfr the Walker (Norse
4768:Fitzhugh, William W.; Ward, Elizabeth (2000).
4701:; Edwards, Paul. London: Hogarth Press. 1978.
3327:Rollo is the subject of the 17th-century play
253:; died in 933), also known with his epithet,
4862:
4362:"Was Viking Ruler Rollo Danish or Norwegian?"
3873:King Harald's Saga: Harald Hardradi of Norway
985:
8:
4713:. Republished 1981, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
582:
4627:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
3817:Rollo and his followers are referred to as
3780:. Translated by Loud, Graham A. p. 3.
3405:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
486:
480:
438:
4869:
4855:
4847:
4811:
4461:"Reflections of a Viking by Clive Standen"
4332:"Viking is 'forefather to British Royals'"
992:
978:
970:
47:
38:
4420:
4188:
4037:
3982:
3632:The History of the Norman People: Wace's
3543:Neveux, François; Curtis, Howard (2008).
920:was influenced by the Norman dynasty, as
743:“Robert”, after his godfather, Robert I.
4786:The Annals of Flodoard of Reims: 919–966
4268:
4161:
4086:Histories, Medieval (11 February 2014).
4061:
3761:
3567:
780:among his chieftains and settled in the
273:who had secured a permanent foothold on
3671:. Funk & Wagnalls Company. p.
3393:
3373:Rollo is a character in the video game
4503:from the original on 15 September 2022
4256:
4232:
4013:. Edinburgh University Press. p.
3956:"From Dál Riata to the Gall-Ghà idheil"
3954:Jennings, Andrew; Kruse, Arne (2009).
3842:edition, p. 173, available online via
3579:
889:, lending their name to the region of
522:(Geoffrey Malaterra), an 11th-century
27:10th-century Viking and Count of Rouen
4736:The Normans: the History of a Dynasty
4549:The Normans: The History of a Dynasty
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1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
683:Dudo's chronicle about Rollo seizing
322:conquest of southern Italy and Sicily
53:Rollo as depicted in the 13th century
7:
4805:Historical Atlas of the Viking World
4310:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 16.
4203:
4146:
4073:
4049:
3994:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3805:The Kings Before the Norman Conquest
3741:
3729:
3697:Mark, Joshua J. (27 November 2018).
928:was the daughter of the Norman king
791:in return for the alliance with the
533:A chronicler named Benoît (probably
429:A statue of Rollo in Ă…lesund, Norway
4372:from the original on 9 October 2016
3449:Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (2016).
3438:(in French). Tallander. p. 76.
2422:King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor
4582:(1998). Christiansen, Eric (ed.).
4473:from the original on 22 April 2016
4398:. 23 November 2016. Archived from
3711:from the original on 16 April 2021
383:The 10th-century French historian
25:
4685:Elizabeth van Houts, ed. (2000).
4676:Elizabeth van Houts, ed. (1992).
4342:from the original on 18 June 2011
4128:from the original on 20 June 2020
3784:from the original on 3 March 2020
3105:, King of England as "Richard I"
1877:, King of England as "William I"
968:, herself a descendant of Rollo.
952:continued to rule Normandy until
691:, who records that Robert of the
4776:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
4772:Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga
4740:. London: Hambledon and London.
4178:(in French). CRAHM. p. 182.
4098:from the original on 1 July 2022
3628:(2004). Burgess, Glyn S. (ed.).
565:). Benoît says elsewhere in the
537:) wrote in the mid-12th-century
277:soil in the valley of the lower
157:
4788:. University of Toronto Press.
4566:from the original on 2 May 2023
4459:Turnbow, Tina (18 March 2013).
4009:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
3963:Viking and Medieval Scandinavia
3664:Little, Charles Eugene (1900).
3524:from the original on 3 May 2021
3250:
3241:
3129:
3107:
3082:
2866:
2857:
2457:
2406:
2397:
2149:
2140:
2106:
2097:
2032:
1879:
1871:
1679:
1658:
1458:
1296:
1177:
1086:
633:– a Norse realm centred on the
540:Chronique des ducs de Normandie
5099:10th-century dukes of Normandy
4759:The Norsemen in the Viking Age
3856:"4 – To Shetland and Orkney".
3474:"4 – To Shetland and Orkney".
770:Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
399:, is used in the 12th-century
1:
4623:Van Houts, Elizabeth (2000).
4447:The English Historical Review
4434:The English Historical Review
3596:Henry II: New Interpretations
2962:Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
2901:
2573:
2559:
2518:
2489:
2431:
2130:
2087:
2061:
2046:
2021:
1892:
1860:
1839:
1693:
1512:
1487:
1166:
91:
4449:, volume 27 (July): 417–444.
3774:Malaterra, Geoffrey (2005).
3503:, pp. xx–xxi, 14, 16–17
2955:
2921:
1713:
1508:
1449:
1077:
861:A genealogical chart of the
443:means 'Danes or Northmen').
395:Robert. A variant spelling,
391:records that Rollo took the
265:, became the first ruler of
4763:. Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
4755:Christiansen, Eric (2002).
3835:Ne lui nuire n’à ses Daneis
3830:Iriez fu Rous en son curage
5150:
5124:Burials at Rouen Cathedral
4336:Views and News from Norway
3871:Sturluson, Snorri (1966).
3704:World History Encyclopedia
1175:2nd Norman count of Rouen
1084:1st Norman count of Rouen
1080: between 928 and 933
964:, who in 1128 had married
960:following its conquest by
814:, but were stopped at the
479:of the Latin for Denmark (
421:Origins and historiography
318:Norman conquest of England
295:swearing allegiance to him
29:
5057:
4835:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4604:Ferguson, Robert (2009).
3907:Norsk biografisk leksikon
3639:. Boydell Press. p.
3600:. Boydell Press. p.
3376:Assassin's Creed Valhalla
3183:
3181:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2789:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2732:
2730:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2644:
2642:
2585:
2441:
2424:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2164:
2162:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1810:
1808:
1795:
1793:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1216:
1214:
1127:
1125:
799:he appealed to Rollo and
649:. That would be limited,
448:besieged Paris in 885–886
417:, a descendant of Rollo.
413:and commissioned by King
46:
4306:Brown, R. Allen (1984).
4281:Searle, Eleanor (1988).
4122:Britannica Encyclopaedia
3088:in his father's lifetime
2540:m. Matilda d'Avranches,
2479:in his father's lifetime
1855:William II (of Normandy)
587:) from the 13th-century
409:, which was compiled by
4803:Konstam, Agnus (2002).
3921:La Fay, Howard (1972).
3834:
3829:
3819:
3518:Encyclopedia Britannica
2082:William II (of England)
665:
655:
639:
577:
450:but were fended off by
242:
230:
4732:Crouch, David (2002).
4658:History of the Normans
4586:History of the Normans
4546:Crouch, David (2006).
4245:Flodoard of Reims 2011
3975:10.1484/J.VMS.1.100676
3501:Flodoard of Reims 2011
3434:Bouet, Pierre (2016).
3401:Bradbury, Jim (2004).
3330:Rollo Duke of Normandy
3239:13th Duke of Normandy
2855:10th Duke of Normandy
2542:Baroness of Okehampton
869:Rollo's son and heir,
866:
732:
671:
645:
583:
569:that Rollo is Danish.
561:
551:(Denmark), Fauske, in
487:
481:
439:
430:
362:of the Old Norse name
250:
32:Rollo (disambiguation)
4687:The Normans in Europe
4625:The Normans in Europe
4580:Dudo of Saint-Quentin
4527:Bates, David (1982).
4088:"Dudo of St. Quentin"
3699:"Odo of West Francia"
3409:. Routledge. p.
3323:Depictions in fiction
3125:12th Duke of Normandy
3103:11th Duke of Normandy
2563: 1100/1104–1158
2476:Duke of Normandy 1120
2455:9th Duke of Normandy
2404:8th Duke of Normandy
2147:7th Duke of Normandy
2030:6th Duke of Normandy
1869:5th Duke of Normandy
1677:4th Duke of Normandy
1656:3rd Duke of Normandy
1456:2nd Duke of Normandy
1294:1st Duke of Normandy
904:in England; however,
898:William the Conqueror
860:
728:Rollo's grave at the
727:
535:Benoît de Sainte-More
528:William of Malmesbury
462:Dudo of Saint-Quentin
428:
5134:10th-century Vikings
4998:Henry the Young King
4977:House of Plantagenet
4584:Dudo of St Quentin:
4529:Normandy Before 1066
4118:"Robert I of France"
4005:Woolf, Alex (2007).
3685:rollo paris 885–886.
2627:House of Plantagenet
2445:Geoffrey Plantagenet
918:House of Plantagenet
910:British Royal Family
900:, the progenitor of
875:Richard the Fearless
787:Given Rouen and its
763:Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
616:Rognvald Eysteinsson
497:Historia Normannorum
389:Historia Normannorum
299:religious conversion
30:For other uses, see
4552:. A & C Black.
4064:, pp. 177–182.
2910:Bishop of Worcester
1848:Abbot of Saint Ouen
1836:Nicolas of Normandy
1497:Countess of Corbeil
1477:Archbishop of Rouen
926:Henry II of England
509:William of Jumièges
415:Henry II of England
5089:9th-century births
4807:. Checkmark Books.
4402:on 6 December 2021
4092:Medieval Histories
3520:. 28 August 2008.
3364:television series
3360:'s brother in the
3127:, King of England
2898:Roger of Worcester
2891:Earl of Gloucester
2884:William FitzRobert
2506:Richard of Lincoln
2499:Earl of Gloucester
2468:William III Adelin
966:Matilda of England
873:, and grandchild,
867:
836:Cotentin peninsula
784:capital of Rouen.
737:Robert I of France
733:
730:Cathedral of Rouen
620:Hildr HrĂłlfsdĂłttir
520:Goffredo Malaterra
495:. However, Dudo's
440:Dani vel Nortmanni
431:
287:Charles the Simple
255:Rollo "the Walker"
5129:House of Normandy
5071:
5070:
5029:(French appanage)
4890:House of Normandy
4845:
4844:
4836:Succeeded by
4795:978-1-44260-001-0
4782:Flodoard of Reims
4634:978-0-7190-4751-0
4615:978-0-670-02079-9
4596:978-0-85115-552-4
4559:978-1-85285-595-6
4538:978-0-582-48492-4
4499:. 30 April 2020.
4292:978-0-520-06276-4
4247:, Chapter 5, F–K.
4218:, pp. 20–21.
4149:, pp. 46–47.
4076:, pp. 38–39.
4024:978-0-7486-2821-6
3940:978-0-87044-108-0
3890:978-0-14-044183-3
3877:Magnusson, Magnus
3860:. pp. 26–27.
3840:Francisque Michel
3650:978-1-84383-007-8
3611:978-1-84383-340-6
3554:978-1-84529-523-3
3478:. pp. 26–27.
3420:978-0-415-41395-4
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3303:Duchy of Normandy
3080:Duke of Normandy
2581:Monk at Abingdon?
2379:Count of Flanders
1672:"the Magnificent"
1093:House of Normandy
1001:House of Normandy
962:Geoffrey of Anjou
902:House of Normandy
879:Duchy of Normandy
871:William Longsword
797:Rudolph of France
719:William Longsword
631:King of the Isles
511:(after 1066) and
310:Duchy of Normandy
306:William Longsword
283:Siege of Chartres
261:who, as Count of
220:
219:
212:Roman Catholicism
168:William Longsword
111:Duchy of Normandy
78:William Longsword
18:Rollo of Normandy
16:(Redirected from
5141:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4848:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4777:
4775:
4764:
4762:
4751:
4739:
4712:
4699:Pálsson, Hermann
4697:. Translated by
4690:
4681:
4672:
4638:
4619:
4600:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4542:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4437:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4368:. 2 March 2016.
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4338:. 15 June 2011.
4328:
4322:
4321:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3986:
3960:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3933:, 147, 164–165.
3928:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3881:Pálsson, Hermann
3875:. Translated by
3868:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3847:
3844:Internet Archive
3837:
3832:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3638:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3491:, pp. 8–10.
3486:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3408:
3398:
3339:Philip Massinger
3254:
3253: 1216–1272
3252:
3248:King of England
3245:
3244: 1216–1259
3243:
3133:
3132: 1199–1216
3131:
3111:
3110: 1189–1199
3109:
3086:
3085: 1170–1183
3084:
3076:"the Young King"
2959:
2957:
2951:Meiler Fitzhenry
2928:Bishop of Bayeux
2925:
2923:
2906:
2903:
2870:
2869: 1154–1189
2868:
2864:King of England
2861:
2860: 1150–1189
2859:
2610:House of Salians
2578:
2575:
2564:
2561:
2535:Robert FitzEdith
2528:Earl of Cornwall
2523:
2520:
2509:before 1101–1120
2494:
2491:
2461:
2460: 1144–1150
2459:
2436:
2433:
2410:
2409: 1135–1144
2408:
2401:
2400: 1135–1154
2399:
2395:King of England
2153:
2152: 1106–1135
2151:
2144:
2143: 1100–1135
2142:
2138:King of England
2135:
2132:
2110:
2109: 1096–1100
2108:
2101:
2100: 1087–1100
2099:
2095:King of England
2092:
2089:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2048:
2036:
2035: 1087–1106
2034:
2026:
2023:
1897:
1894:
1883:
1882: 1066–1087
1881:
1875:
1874: 1035–1087
1873:
1865:
1862:
1844:
1841:
1717:
1715:
1698:
1695:
1683:
1682: 1027–1035
1681:
1662:
1661: 1026–1027
1660:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1492:
1489:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1300:
1298:
1251:Duke of Normandy
1181:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1009:
1008:
994:
987:
980:
971:
954:Stephen of Blois
941:Richard the Good
924:, the mother of
809:
674:
668:
658:
648:
642:
586:
580:
573:Snorri Sturluson
564:
490:
484:
474:
442:
403:verse chronicle
161:
141:Gisela of France
96:
93:
51:
39:
21:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5114:Viking warriors
5109:Norman warriors
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5065:king of England
5053:
5028:
5026:House of Valois
5020:
4979:
4971:
4962:
4954:
4892:
4884:
4875:
4841:
4832:
4816:French nobility
4802:
4796:
4780:
4767:
4754:
4748:
4731:
4728:
4726:Secondary texts
4709:
4693:
4684:
4675:
4669:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4644:Further reading
4641:
4635:
4622:
4616:
4603:
4597:
4578:
4569:
4567:
4560:
4545:
4539:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4444:
4440:
4431:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4202:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3991:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3858:Orkneyinga Saga
3855:
3854:
3850:
3827:. For example,
3823:throughout the
3816:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3476:Orkneyinga Saga
3473:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3362:History Channel
3358:Ragnar Lothbrok
3325:
3307:Treaty of Paris
3249:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2888:
2886:
2865:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2558:
2549:Gilbert FitzRoy
2539:
2537:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2049:
2045:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2018:
1901:Count of Évreux
1899:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:"the Conqueror"
1857:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1702:Count of Évreux
1700:
1696:
1692:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1473:Count of Évreux
1471:
1461: 996–1027
1457:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
998:
949:
922:Empress Matilda
916:. However, the
855:
803:
681:
627:Ketill Flatnose
603:Orkneyinga Saga
513:Orderic Vitalis
493:Robert the Dane
468:
423:
350:
216:
177:
155:
154:
146:
136:Poppa of Bayeux
124:
122:Rouen Cathedral
109:
97:
94:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5147:
5145:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:Norse monarchs
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5061:count of Rouen
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5032:
5030:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4973:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4960:House of Blois
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4829:Count of Rouen
4825:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4809:
4800:
4794:
4778:
4765:
4752:
4746:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4707:
4691:
4682:
4673:
4668:978-0851155524
4667:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4633:
4620:
4614:
4601:
4595:
4589:. Woodbridge.
4576:
4558:
4543:
4537:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4484:
4451:
4438:
4425:
4421:Van Houts 2000
4413:
4383:
4353:
4323:
4316:
4298:
4291:
4273:
4271:, p. 183.
4261:
4249:
4237:
4220:
4208:
4206:, pp. 49.
4193:
4189:Van Houts 2000
4181:
4166:
4164:, p. 187.
4151:
4139:
4109:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4052:, p. xiv.
4042:
4038:Van Houts 2000
4030:
4023:
3997:
3946:
3939:
3913:
3896:
3889:
3863:
3848:
3810:
3795:
3766:
3764:, p. 177.
3754:
3734:
3722:
3689:
3656:
3649:
3617:
3610:
3584:
3572:
3570:, p. 180.
3560:
3553:
3535:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3466:
3460:979-1021017467
3459:
3451:Vikings at War
3441:
3426:
3419:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3347:George Chapman
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3114:
3112:
3092:
3090:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2914:
2912:
2895:
2893:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:House of Blois
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2567:
2565:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2532:
2530:
2512:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2483:
2481:
2465:
2463:
2451:Count of Anjou
2442:
2440:
2425:
2423:
2420:1081/1086–1125
2414:
2412:
2393:1092/1096–1154
2387:
2385:
2383:Ducal claimant
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2079:
2077:
2075:Count of Blois
2055:
2053:
2040:
2038:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1886:
1884:
1852:
1850:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1706:
1704:
1687:
1685:
1666:
1664:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:House of Clare
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1531:978–after 1057
1525:
1523:
1501:
1499:
1481:
1479:
1466:
1464:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1299: 942–996
1289:"the Fearless"
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1180: 927–942
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089: 911–927
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:Count of Rouen
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
989:
982:
974:
958:Angevin Empire
948:
945:
854:
851:
741:baptismal name
680:
677:
485:) and Sweden (
422:
419:
393:baptismal name
349:
346:
218:
217:
215:
214:
204:
202:Norse paganism
198:
196:
192:
191:
185:
179:
178:
176:
175:
170:
164:
162:
148:
147:
145:
144:
138:
132:
130:
126:
125:
120:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
95: 835/870
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
60:Count of Rouen
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5146:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4950:William (III)
4948:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4830:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4749:
4747:1-85285-387-5
4743:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4719:0-14-044383-5
4716:
4710:
4708:0-7012-0431-1
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4649:Primary texts
4648:
4643:
4636:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4423:, p. 15.
4422:
4417:
4414:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4269:Ferguson 2009
4265:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4191:, p. 25.
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:Ferguson 2009
4158:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:Ferguson 2009
4058:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4040:, p. 43.
4039:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4001:
3998:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3814:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3762:Ferguson 2009
3758:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3568:Ferguson 2009
3564:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3397:
3394:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3354:Clive Standen
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:John Fletcher
3333:, written by
3332:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:renounced at
3304:
3259:
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3246:
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2761:Illegitimate→
2750:
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2628:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2604:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2571:
2557:
2556:Henry FitzRoy
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2507:
2500:
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2474:
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2275:
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2265:
2215:Illegitimate→
2212:
2210:
2194:
2192:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2126:
2111:
2104:Ducal Regent
2083:
2076:
2072:
2059:
2044:
2037:
2017:
2013:
2010:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1962:
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1954:
1938:
1936:
1912:
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1837:
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1815:
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1726:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1709:Ralph de Gacé
1703:
1691:
1684:
1670:
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1653:997/1001–1027
1651:
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635:Western Isles
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452:Odo of France
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401:Norman French
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373:Gesta Danorum
369:
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37:
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4771:
4758:
4735:
4694:
4686:
4677:
4657:
4624:
4605:
4587:
4583:
4568:. Retrieved
4548:
4528:
4507:15 September
4505:. Retrieved
4496:
4487:
4475:. Retrieved
4464:
4454:
4446:
4441:
4433:
4428:
4416:
4404:. Retrieved
4400:the original
4396:Norway Today
4395:
4386:
4374:. Retrieved
4365:
4356:
4344:. Retrieved
4335:
4326:
4307:
4301:
4282:
4276:
4264:
4259:, p. 8.
4252:
4240:
4235:, p. 6.
4211:
4184:
4175:
4169:
4142:
4130:. Retrieved
4121:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4091:
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4069:
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4033:
4008:
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3916:
3905:
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3857:
3851:
3824:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3776:
3769:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3702:
3692:
3684:
3666:
3659:
3635:
3634:Roman de Rou
3631:
3620:
3595:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3547:. Robinson.
3544:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3475:
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3444:
3435:
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3404:
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3374:
3372:
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3328:
3326:
3301:
3238:
3124:
3102:
3087:
2854:
2850:"Curtmantle"
2570:Fulk FitzRoy
2478:
2454:
2403:
2382:
2146:
2103:
2029:
1868:
1802:Illegitimate
1720:Lord of Gacé
1676:
1655:
1495:m. Germain,
1455:
1293:
1249:
1174:
1083:
1072:
1036:
1003:Family tree
950:
934:
895:
883:West Francia
868:
840:
824:
812:Carolingians
786:
781:
767:
752:
745:
734:
712:
707:
699:
697:
693:Breton March
682:
624:
601:
597:Heimskringla
595:
584:Ganger-HrĂłlf
578:Göngu-Hrólfr
571:
566:
538:
532:
517:
505:
500:
496:
459:
456:
445:
432:
406:Roman de Rou
404:
396:
388:
382:
377:
371:
367:
360:Latinisation
355:Heimskringla
353:
351:
303:
291:West Francia
254:
234:
222:
221:
156:
36:
5094:930s deaths
5063:• ** Also
5050:(1465–1469)
5044:(1355–1364)
5038:(1332–1350)
4923:Richard III
4570:20 November
4531:. Longman.
4308:The Normans
4257:Crouch 2006
4233:Crouch 2006
4132:28 February
3925:The Vikings
3883:. Penguin.
3732:, Chapter 5
3580:Crouch 2006
3528:10 November
3098:"Lionheart"
2958: 1220
2924: 1142
2905: 1134
2577: 1092
2522: 1100
2493: 1090
2435: 1102
2134: 1068
2128:"Beauclerc"
2091: 1057
2065: 1067
2050: 1054
2025: 1051
1896: 1015
1864: 1028
1843: 1027
1716: 1051
1697: 1015
1650:Richard III
1534:Count of Eu
1521:Count of Eu
1516: 1010
1452: 1026
1164:"Longsword"
906:Charles III
853:Descendants
804: [
755:Charles III
708:Athelstan”,
610:in western
524:Benedictine
469: [
435:Scandinavia
206:Later (pre-
99:Scandinavia
5078:Categories
5003:Richard IV
4933:William II
4918:Richard II
4317:0312577761
4216:Bates 1982
3489:Bates 1982
3383:References
3343:Ben Jonson
3120:"Lackland"
3095:Richard IV
2071:Stephen II
2019:"Curthose"
1491: 988
1446:"the Good"
1443:Richard II
1170: 893
816:Oise River
789:hinterland
328:, much of
320:and their
289:, king of
281:after the
143:(possibly)
5015:Henry III
4980:1144–1259
4963:1135–1144
4939:Robert II
4912:Richard I
4906:William I
4839:William I
4823:New title
4376:6 October
4366:The Local
4204:Dudo 1998
4147:Dudo 1998
4102:19 August
4074:Dudo 1998
4050:Dudo 1998
3825:Chronique
3742:Dudo 1998
3730:Dudo 1998
3681:367478758
3388:Citations
3236:1207–1272
3233:Henry III
3122:1166–1216
3100:1157–1199
3078:1155–1183
2887:1116–1183
2852:1133–1189
2538:1093–1172
2448:1113–1151
2428:Matilda I
2376:1102–1128
2016:Robert II
1674:1000–1035
1528:William I
1286:Richard I
679:Biography
651:onomastic
589:Icelandic
581:; Danish
567:Chronique
559:(Swedish
553:Sykkylven
378:Hrollaugr
342:Near East
239:Old Norse
190:(founder)
74:Successor
4992:Henry II
4987:Geoffrey
4928:Robert I
4893:911–1135
4882:Normandy
4833:911–927
4564:Archived
4501:Archived
4477:19 March
4471:Archived
4466:HuffPost
4406:28 March
4370:Archived
4340:Archived
4126:Archived
4096:Archived
3989:Archived
3782:Archived
3715:23 April
3709:Archived
3522:Archived
2847:Henry II
2515:Reginald
2486:Robert I
1669:Robert I
1504:Geoffrey
908:and the
891:Normandy
843:Flodoard
834:and the
832:Brittany
820:Robert I
801:Ragenold
782:de facto
689:Flodoard
549:Sjælland
285:in 911.
275:Frankish
271:Norsemen
267:Normandy
257:, was a
195:Religion
188:Normandy
5048:Charles
5042:Charles
4968:Stephen
4944:Henry I
4520:Sources
4436:, p. 69
4346:15 June
3969:: 129.
3788:3 March
3746:Scandia
3514:"Rollo"
3367:Vikings
2917:Richard
2417:Henry V
2390:Stephen
2125:Henry I
2085:"Rufus"
2043:Richard
1889:William
1690:Richard
1538:Hiémois
1511:
1291:932–996
1161:William
937:genetic
930:Henry I
914:Henry I
887:Normans
865:dynasty
847:William
704:Guthrum
387:in his
370:in the
338:Antioch
330:Ireland
326:England
314:Normans
308:in the
235:Rolloun
69:911–928
4792:
4744:
4717:
4705:
4665:
4631:
4612:
4593:
4556:
4535:
4314:
4289:
4021:
3937:
3887:
3820:Daneis
3679:
3647:
3608:
3551:
3457:
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3345:, and
3309:, 1259
1484:Mauger
1469:Robert
999:
947:Legacy
863:Norman
828:Bayeux
793:Franks
748:Gisela
700:Alstem
666:Ketill
640:KaĂ°lĂn
612:Norway
557:Scania
488:Suecia
364:HrĂłlfr
334:Sicily
259:Viking
251:Rollon
247:French
243:HrĂłlfr
227:Norman
208:Schism
173:Gerloc
129:Spouse
117:Burial
5084:Rollo
5059:* As
4900:Rollo
4878:Dukes
3992:(PDF)
3959:(PDF)
3750:Dacia
3668:Dates
3356:, is
3073:Henry
2907:–1179
2579:–1132
2524:–1175
2495:–1147
2471:1103–
2437:–1167
2136:–1135
2093:–1100
2067:–1137
2058:Adela
2052:–1070
2027:–1134
1898:–1067
1866:–1087
1845:–1092
1699:–1067
1493:–1032
1253:, 942
1073:Rollo
1040:, 911
881:into
808:]
778:Risle
759:Seine
685:Rouen
592:sagas
562:SkĂĄne
547:, in
482:Dania
477:blend
473:]
466:Dacia
368:Roluo
279:Seine
263:Rouen
223:Rollo
183:House
152:Issue
66:Reign
42:Rollo
5036:John
5009:John
4790:ISBN
4742:ISBN
4715:ISBN
4703:ISBN
4663:ISBN
4629:ISBN
4610:ISBN
4591:ISBN
4572:2020
4554:ISBN
4533:ISBN
4509:2022
4479:2013
4408:2017
4378:2016
4348:2011
4312:ISBN
4287:ISBN
4134:2020
4104:2022
4019:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3885:ISBN
3790:2020
3717:2021
3677:OCLC
3645:ISBN
3626:Wace
3606:ISBN
3549:ISBN
3530:2017
3455:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3117:John
2889:2nd
2526:1st
2497:1st
2473:1120
1536:and
1172:–942
776:and
774:Epte
715:Popa
672:Grim
661:Møre
656:Grim
646:Grim
608:Møre
600:and
545:Faxe
499:(or
411:Wace
385:Dudo
352:The
348:Name
336:and
158:more
105:Died
88:Born
4880:of
4497:IGN
4015:296
3979:hdl
3971:doi
3931:146
3673:666
2069:m.
475:(a
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231:Rou
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