244:
therefore thought by some experts that the bishop was treated as the head of the diocese until 1530, and after that as just a title. When he died in 1530, no further bishops were appointed to the
Greenland diocese. For many years, it was thought that the diocese of Gardar was not really occupied by a Catholic bishop, but was a title given to a bishop who may not actually have been in Greenland. After the last Norse colony in North America faded out, the Catholic Archbishop of Trondheim, Eric Walkendorf, attempted to send assistance, but to no avail.
142:, which had been discovered 100 years earlier. The settlers were supposedly eager to have a bishop after Eirik failed to arrive, and leading citizen Sokki Thorisson sent his son Einar to the court of the Norwegian king to request a bishop. After Einar brought gifts of ivory, walrus hides, and a "white bear" for the king, the king appointed Arnold, one of his chief clerks, to be Greenland's first bishop. The first diocese, titled
220:
30:
260:
from 1855 to 1868. Since that time, Greenland has been part of the Danish
Catholic Church hierarchy, first the Apostolic Prefecture of Copenhagen, which was raised to a Vicariate Apostolic, and later a full Catholic Diocese. The territory was under the jurisdiction of the Vicar Apostolic of
243:
bishop of Gardar. In a letter sent in that year on June 20, Kampe was named the bishop "in titulum", and the letter also stated that the diocese itself was vacant because of "the unfaithful". Also on the same date, the Pope stated that Gardar had been deprived of a bishop for 30 years. It is
193:
hides, and tithing continued in later years by selling raw materials for gold and silver. The introduction of
Christianity is thought to have caused a major cultural break from the past, introducing many mainland European ideas and practices, such as the building of large churches and
61:
territory. There are 50 registered
Catholics and only approximately 4 native Greenlander Catholics out of a population of 57,000. They are part of the only Catholic parish in Greenland, in Nuuk, the island's capital. The whole island is under the jurisdiction of the
138:" who was sent to Greenland in the year 1112, though others claim he was a missionary bishop, and there is no record of his return. A Bishop named Eirik Gupsson was supposedly a member of an expedition in 1121 to re-locate the eastern coast of
210:
sent a representative named Ivar
Bardarson, who returned to Norway with detailed lists of all church properties, which is thought by some to indicate the church was attempting to become more independent in Greenland.
206:
from
Greenland. Sixteen to eighteen bishops held the title of Bishop of Gardar during the diocese history, though few are thought to have actually resided in Greenland. In 1341, the bishop of
165:
nuns. Churches built in
Greenland were not independent properties owned by the church, but were built on farmland given by local farmers and other chief villagers, and collected a part of the
326:
73:, and after much effort the people of Greenland received a bishop. The church thrived with the Norse colony which saw its peak in the 14th century, and had an active relationship with
1195:
938:
177:'s control of trade with Greenland in 1261 may have put pressure on local churches to become independent, just as they had in Norway. Bishop Arnes in 1281 contributed to
146:, was officially established in 1124, and Greenland had the first known churches in the new world. In 1152 the diocese of Gardar was made a suffragan to the new
1072:
650:
1481:
1411:
1135:
1185:
678:
581:
1353:
1200:
1095:
134:. Some scholars have hypothesized that, like the Catholic diocese in Iceland, Greenland may have had an unofficial bishop first, specifically "
1725:
1618:
1431:
266:
147:
1679:
1456:
1205:
322:
63:
1320:
1290:
1730:
69:
Catholicism was introduced to
Greenland in the 11th century with the help of the King of Norway, establishing the first churches in the
1694:
1646:
1543:
1538:
924:
1315:
1065:
750:
445:
1245:
516:
1295:
1503:
1300:
1081:
792:
261:
Copenhagen in the early 20th century. Catholic priests have been visiting
Greenland since 1930, after the bishop of Copenhagen,
1310:
338:
1603:
1280:
1190:
1140:
1100:
931:
814:
884:
1250:
1573:
1533:
1513:
1493:
1396:
1120:
402:
1285:
1684:
1508:
1175:
1150:
1058:
318:
1305:
1704:
1689:
1651:
1636:
1588:
1583:
1558:
1416:
1160:
1130:
1105:
325:; in the church, consecrated on June 11, 1972, Masses are celebrated in Danish and English. In collaboration with the
1674:
1656:
853:
475:
297:. In 2007, a global environmental summit was held in Nuuk at their Catholic church, which was attended by Catholic,
1613:
1563:
1523:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1346:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1165:
1145:
354:
157:
Catholics in two settlements. Sixteen parishes and churches were founded along with at least two monasteries and a
1699:
1641:
1608:
1598:
1578:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1528:
1498:
1466:
1451:
1426:
1362:
1225:
1180:
1170:
1115:
1110:
1255:
1240:
1235:
1593:
1518:
1488:
1230:
1155:
644:
1125:
342:
298:
282:
240:
875:"church ruin at Hvalsø, episcopal residence at Gardar, and Brattahlid (A Norse/Eskimo cultural landscape)"
270:
82:
1339:
573:
374:
959:
911:
253:
1003:
294:
198:, and this connection was maintained by the fact that the bishops appointed to Greenland were from
135:
86:
202:, and not locals. At least until 1327, the Vatican made an official receipt of six years worth of
619:
235:
The Norse colony in
Greenland faded out during the 15th century and the church with it. In 1519,
224:
173:. Attempts were made in nearby Scandinavian countries to take control of the local churches, and
34:
37:
in the background (then called Eriksfjord), thought to be the first church and chapel in America
1036:
746:
407:
306:
278:
143:
85:
in Denmark effectively shut Greenland from any Catholic presence until the 20th century, when
17:
1032:
640:
611:
178:
131:
77:
and the European continent; the church also participated in the European exploration of the
127:
81:. The abandonment of the colony around 1450 ended any church presence in Greenland and the
46:
437:
822:
508:
330:
302:
228:
784:
742:
1719:
700:
623:
139:
1050:
947:
126:
while at the court of the Norwegian king. He then returned to his father's farm in
123:
107:
103:
277:
in the 20th century. State enforced Lutheranism was kept in place until 1953 when
874:
672:
345:(Jesu Små Søstres Kommunitet / Jiisusip Najaarai), in Nuuk, work in the mission.
262:
199:
162:
74:
615:
412:
986:
236:
190:
58:
735:
547:
467:
329:, the mission also provides for US Catholics stationed at the military base (
265:
Theodore Suhr, received permission from the Vatican to ask permission of the
1331:
951:
916:
274:
219:
195:
115:
602:
Arthur W. Taylor (1908). "The Church in Greenland during the Middle Ages".
29:
995:
968:
843:
182:
154:
78:
844:"denmark - Constitution Adopted on: 5 June 1953 (Document Status: 1992)"
293:
acknowledge the ruins of the episcopal residence at Gardar as part of a
334:
170:
158:
111:
70:
879:
848:
290:
257:
207:
203:
186:
174:
166:
119:
89:
was declared and a small permanent Catholic presence reestablished.
153:
At the height of the settlement's extent, there were five thousand
218:
28:
286:
269:
to missionize there. Catholic priests have also served with the
54:
50:
1335:
1054:
920:
337:. Since 2009, the parish has been entrusted to priests of the
671:
American Catholic Historical Association (1 September 1909).
907:
548:"The Church in North America (Greenland) in the Middle Ages"
130:, southern Greenland, and brought two priests sent by King
341:(IVE). Since 1980, the Sisters of the Fraternity of the
169:
given to the church and sent them to the archbishop in
102:
Catholicism was introduced to Greenland about 1000 AD.
57:. There are very few Catholics in this overwhelmingly
33:
21st-century reproduction of Thjodhild's church, with
701:"Parishes and Communities in Norse Greenland Article"
677:. Vol. 56. The Encyclopedia Press. p. 778.
231: – today the best-preserved of the Norse ruins.
1665:
1627:
1369:
1214:
1088:
994:
985:
967:
958:
507:Catholic Encyclopedia editorial staff (1907–1912).
734:
737:collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
1347:
1066:
932:
912:The Holy See — The Vatican's Official Website
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
317:Catholics are gathered in the only parish of
8:
815:"chaplain (Major General) John P. McDonough"
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
635:
633:
375:"greenland priest's unique Catholic parish"
1354:
1340:
1332:
1073:
1059:
1051:
991:
964:
939:
925:
917:
813:Air Force editorial staff (1 March 1989).
403:"Cardinal McCarrick Urges Rescuing Planet"
289:with three sisters. Denmark has requested
567:
565:
281:was declared. In the summer of 1980, the
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
49:, under the spiritual leadership of the
1024:
431:
429:
401:Patricia Lefevere (12 September 2007).
396:
394:
365:
321:(Krist Konge Kirke), dependent on the
267:Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
7:
856:from the original on 13 October 2012
795:from the original on 10 October 2006
681:from the original on 11 January 2014
468:"pre-Columbian Discovery of America"
448:from the original on 10 October 2006
1082:Catholic Church in North America
783:Charles Bransom (1 January 2000).
436:Charles Bransom (1 January 2000).
25:
1196:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
785:"notes on the Diocese of Gardar"
472:New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia
373:Patricia Lefevere (1995-03-31).
305:officials, with the approval of
223:The last written records of the
887:from the original on 2011-06-28
653:from the original on 2010-11-09
584:from the original on 2011-06-29
519:from the original on 2011-07-25
478:from the original on 2010-11-25
339:Institute of the Incarnate Word
552:The Catholic Historical Review
18:Roman Catholicism in Greenland
1:
705:Journal of the North Atlantic
466:Joseph Fischer (1907-01-01).
256:of the Arctic Pole" based in
1726:Catholic Church in Greenland
1321:United States Virgin Islands
285:established a fraternity in
227:are from a 1408 marriage in
43:Catholic Church in Greenland
546:Laurence M. Larson (1919).
252:Greenland was part of the "
1747:
1731:Catholic Church by country
1363:Catholic Church in Europe
741:. Penguin Group. pp.
616:10.1177/001258060802700101
379:National Catholic Reporter
355:Catholic Church by country
1296:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1020:
733:Jared M. Diamond (2005).
699:Orri VĂ©steinsson (2009).
674:the Catholic Encyclopedia
45:is part of the worldwide
1316:Turks and Caicos Islands
181:and the expenses of the
343:Little Sisters of Jesus
331:Peterson Air Force Base
327:US military ordinariate
283:Little Sisters of Jesus
1412:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1246:British Virgin Islands
319:Christ the King Church
271:United States military
241:Vincent Peterson Kampe
232:
148:Archdiocese of Nidaros
83:Protestant Reformation
38:
1186:Saint Kitts and Nevis
977:Roman Catholic Church
610:(1–2): 1–14, 112–24.
513:Catholic Encyclopedia
323:Diocese of Copenhagen
222:
64:Diocese of Copenhagen
32:
960:Western Christianity
254:Apostolic Prefecture
1628:States with limited
1201:Trinidad and Tobago
1096:Antigua and Barbuda
1004:Church of Greenland
604:The Downside Review
572:EWTN staff (2007).
295:World Heritage Site
122:) and converted to
87:freedom of religion
1136:Dominican Republic
233:
225:Norse Greenlanders
39:
35:Tunulliarfik Fjord
1713:
1712:
1329:
1328:
1218:other territories
1048:
1047:
1037:Church of Denmark
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
408:Zenit News Agency
307:Pope Benedict XVI
279:religious liberty
16:(Redirected from
1738:
1666:Dependencies and
1370:Sovereign states
1356:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1286:Saint Barthélemy
1216:Dependencies and
1089:Sovereign states
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1068:
1061:
1052:
1039:
1033:Porvoo Communion
1029:
992:
965:
941:
934:
927:
918:
896:
895:
893:
892:
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
821:. Archived from
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
780:
763:
762:
760:
759:
740:
730:
713:
712:
696:
690:
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641:Malcolm Gladwell
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487:
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463:
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424:
423:
421:
420:
411:. Archived from
398:
389:
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385:
370:
21:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
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1647:Northern Cyprus
1629:
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1544:North Macedonia
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1079:
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631:
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574:"country guide"
571:
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383:
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372:
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367:
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315:
250:
217:
215:Reformation era
136:Eric the Bishop
132:Olaf Tryggvason
100:
95:
47:Catholic Church
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1744:
1742:
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1728:
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1697:
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1668:other entities
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1619:United Kingdom
1616:
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1506:
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1496:
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1474:
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1432:Czech Republic
1429:
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1404:
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1306:Sint Eustatius
1303:
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1278:
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1258:
1253:
1251:Cayman Islands
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902:External links
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883:. 2003-01-01.
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852:. 2003-01-01.
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646:the New Yorker
643:(2005-01-01).
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901:
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851:
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845:
839:
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825:on 2012-07-22
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769:
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124:Christianity
108:Eric the Red
104:Leif Ericson
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1695:Isle of Man
1630:recognition
1604:Switzerland
1539:Netherlands
1281:Puerto Rico
1191:Saint Lucia
1141:El Salvador
509:"greenland"
438:"greenland"
263:Benedictine
200:Scandinavia
163:Benedictine
150:in Norway.
98:Middle Ages
75:Scandinavia
66:, Denmark.
1720:Categories
1574:San Marino
1534:Montenegro
1514:Luxembourg
1494:Kazakhstan
1397:Azerbaijan
1276:Montserrat
1271:Martinique
1266:Guadeloupe
1121:Costa Rica
987:Protestant
891:2011-03-16
860:2011-03-24
829:2011-03-01
799:2011-03-02
789:katolsk.no
758:2011-03-06
685:2011-03-06
657:2011-03-06
588:2011-02-28
523:2011-03-01
482:2011-03-03
452:2011-03-02
442:katolsk.no
419:2011-03-24
384:2011-03-03
361:References
237:Pope Leo X
196:cathedrals
191:polar bear
189:tusks and
128:Brattahlid
110:, visited
59:Protestant
1685:Gibraltar
1509:Lithuania
1261:Greenland
1176:Nicaragua
1151:Guatemala
952:Greenland
711:: 138–50.
624:164764295
275:chaplains
116:Trondheim
106:, son of
1705:Svalbard
1690:Guernsey
1637:Abkhazia
1589:Slovenia
1584:Slovakia
1559:Portugal
1417:Bulgaria
1226:Anguilla
1161:Honduras
1131:Dominica
1106:Barbados
996:Lutheran
969:Catholic
885:Archived
854:Archived
793:Archived
679:Archived
651:Archived
582:Archived
517:Archived
476:Archived
446:Archived
349:See also
299:Orthodox
183:Crusades
114:(modern
79:Americas
1614:Ukraine
1564:Romania
1524:Moldova
1482:Ireland
1477:Iceland
1472:Hungary
1462:Germany
1457:Georgia
1447:Finland
1442:Estonia
1437:Denmark
1422:Croatia
1407:Belgium
1402:Belarus
1392:Austria
1387:Armenia
1382:Andorra
1377:Albania
1256:Curaçao
1241:Bonaire
1236:Bermuda
1166:Jamaica
1146:Grenada
1101:Bahamas
335:Qaanaaq
171:Nidaros
159:convent
112:Nidaros
93:History
71:America
1700:Jersey
1642:Kosovo
1609:Turkey
1599:Sweden
1579:Serbia
1569:Russia
1554:Poland
1549:Norway
1529:Monaco
1499:Latvia
1467:Greece
1452:France
1427:Cyprus
1181:Panama
1171:Mexico
1116:Canada
1111:Belize
880:UNESCO
849:UNESCO
749:
745:–193.
622:
291:UNESCO
258:Norway
239:named
208:Bergen
204:tithes
187:walrus
175:Norway
167:tithes
144:Gardar
120:Norway
1675:Ă…land
1594:Spain
1519:Malta
1489:Italy
1231:Aruba
1156:Haiti
620:S2CID
333:) in
185:with
155:Norse
1301:Saba
1126:Cuba
1035:via
747:ISBN
578:EWTN
301:and
287:Nuuk
161:for
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51:Pope
41:The
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743:192
612:doi
273:as
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