2839:
2851:
2863:
732:
233:
procession. As the army used to go forth as a general rule each summer, it became customary when it returned in autumn to celebrate such games, though connected with no triumph, and though no signal victory had been gained. But still in all cases they were celebrated as extraordinary games, and not
322:
are mentioned as a regular annual festival, so they must have become established by then. Therefore, the most reasonable date for their institution is 367 BC, when many changes in government and society were effected, including the addition of one day to the games and the appointment of
173:
in 494 BC. From 191 to 171 BC they lasted ten days, and shortly before Caesar's death they apparently lasted fifteen days, from
September 5 to 19. After Caesar's death a day was added. This day must have been September 4, because Cicero says in
442:, 10, 7, and Mommsen's remarks, Staatsrecht, i.2 411, note 2). Also, during the festival the successful warrior in real warfare (as opposed to imaginary warfare) wore the spoils he had won from the enemy, and was crowned with a
423:
Most likely, originally there was only one contest of each kind, and only two competitors in each contest (Liv. xliv. 9, 4), since at all periods in the Roman chariot-race only as many chariots competed as there were so-called
775:
318:, &c. p. 30), these festivals are engraved in small letters rather than capitals, so they must be additions made after that time. Also, in 322 BC, the
1175:
2867:
1912:
746:
1433:
768:
2801:
106:
held annually, starting in 366 BC, from
September 12 to September 14. In the last 1st century BC, an extra day was added in honor of the deified
2889:
2677:
2622:
1305:
1700:
438:). It was allowed that the wreath the victor won (for this in Greek style was the prize of victory) should be put on his bier when dead (
2544:
1947:
1937:
1825:
386:
fashion carried a driver and a warrior, the latter at the end of the race leaping out and running on foot (Dionysius of
Halicarnassus,
2627:
761:
2281:
1968:
1403:
432:
i. 236, note). These few events allowed further minor exhibitions, such as boxers, dancers, competition in youthful horsemanship (
2826:
2276:
2143:
1168:
343:
are not altogether in error: for the arrangement of the two kinds of games was similar. An incidental proof of this is that when
169:. At first they lasted only a day. A second day was added on the expulsion of the kings in 509 BC, and a third after the first
2791:
2341:
2336:
2331:
1927:
1737:
1555:
2894:
2781:
2602:
651:
295:. The distinction drawn by Ritschl is to be considered proven, but it is unclear when the "established" games became annual.
2755:
2577:
2353:
2194:
1656:
1348:
741:
287:
is first used by Livy in viii. 40, 2 (see
Weissenborn ad loc); and after that the terms varied according as the games are
2269:
1580:
1509:
1320:
1315:
2843:
2725:
2104:
1952:
1942:
1917:
1651:
1413:
1384:
1368:
1161:
2247:
2855:
2765:
2301:
2252:
2199:
2111:
2019:
1767:
1757:
139:
491:, i. 235-237 (where the Greek influences on the Roman games are traced), 472, 473; and Friedländer in Marquardt's
2740:
2424:
2384:
2309:
2027:
1922:
1685:
257:
221:
These games were not necessarily held every year from their inception. In many cases, games were based on a vow
2760:
2745:
2662:
2326:
2121:
1479:
1423:
1418:
1392:
1363:
1343:
1327:
103:
66:
2637:
2821:
2720:
2471:
2348:
2296:
2264:
2259:
2242:
2154:
2014:
1742:
1585:
1540:
1484:
1238:
1233:
2904:
2899:
2642:
2481:
2360:
2184:
2159:
2116:
1907:
1867:
1850:
1705:
1690:
1680:
1514:
1504:
511:
344:
210:
186:
on
October 26. Thus, when this speech was composed in 70 BC, September 19 was already the last day of the
170:
2796:
2592:
2434:
1097:
528:
2715:
2672:
2652:
2539:
2534:
2164:
1752:
1550:
1464:
1353:
1221:
1216:
1052:
391:
253:
2750:
2657:
2617:
2179:
2174:
2044:
2009:
1862:
1646:
1575:
1524:
1245:
127:
2786:
2632:
2572:
2524:
2209:
2189:
2099:
1983:
1845:
1808:
1762:
1675:
1641:
1565:
1499:
1459:
1408:
1142:
1072:
947:
425:
131:
244:
2461:
2429:
2314:
1973:
1872:
1830:
1820:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1560:
1295:
1184:
402:. In the exhibitions of riding, each rider had a second horse led by the hand (Festus, s. v.
256:. In all his other books, however, Livy observes a distinction which has been pointed out by
2647:
2597:
2582:
2567:
2509:
2229:
2084:
2037:
1878:
1855:
1815:
1722:
1310:
1290:
1228:
962:
927:
842:
2587:
2486:
2476:
2237:
2169:
2126:
1896:
1777:
1494:
1489:
1358:
1002:
784:
592:
373:
1285:
30:
This article is about a religious festival in ancient Rome. For gladiatorial games, see
2682:
2519:
2449:
2204:
1902:
1519:
1474:
1300:
942:
556:
463:
407:
379:
206:
155:
123:
51:
2883:
2701:
2667:
2529:
2454:
2439:
2131:
2089:
1988:
1978:
1712:
1636:
1263:
1211:
1203:
1092:
1077:
1017:
736:
439:
230:
166:
151:
107:
110:
on 4 September and extended to
September 19. The festival first introduced drama to
2735:
2607:
2444:
2319:
2094:
2079:
2032:
1732:
1112:
1087:
1042:
987:
977:
887:
822:
753:
434:
302:
were appointed in 367 BC, as these officials – distinct from the existing plebeian
198:
56:
2504:
2286:
1803:
1798:
1570:
1454:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1137:
1107:
1102:
1047:
1022:
857:
832:
625:
2830:
2549:
2389:
2004:
1717:
1449:
1428:
1255:
1127:
1082:
1067:
1057:
1037:
1027:
1012:
997:
982:
972:
937:
922:
917:
912:
877:
867:
847:
827:
807:
416:
229:
by a military commander, and were celebrated as a special festival after his
2730:
1932:
1840:
1469:
1117:
1062:
1007:
992:
952:
932:
872:
812:
610:
355:
311:
175:
31:
354:
i. 1. 0, 31), like the ludi Romani; and we find similar sums, viz. 200,000
17:
443:
1545:
1122:
907:
892:
862:
852:
837:
802:
197:
era, the days of the games are noted as
September 4 to September 19. The
194:
310:. In the oldest Roman calendars, which likely date from the time of the
1605:
1132:
1032:
957:
902:
882:
468:
411:
303:
263:
135:
2612:
2514:
2291:
1153:
897:
299:
162:
147:
143:
664:
sollemnes, deinde annui mansere ludi Romani magnique varie appellati
461:
took up four days of the festival (Liv. xxiv. 43, 7). In 161 BC the
298:
Most probably, says
Mommsen, the games became annual when the first
735: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
279:
is that applied to the games when they were established as annual (
817:
450:
428:, which were originally only two, the white and the red (Mommsen,
383:
224:
271:
is the term applied to extraordinary games originating in a vow (
788:
523:
111:
98:
2699:
2406:
2061:
1622:
1195:
1157:
757:
414:
in Greek warfare (Livy xxxv. 28, 8). Such riders were called
487:, ii. 42-57 = Rheinisches Museum, xiv. 79–87; see also his
252:, and so do Cicero (Repub. ii. 20, 35), Festus (l. c), and
410:
in early times often used two horses in battle, like the
483:
is
Mommsen's article "Die Ludi Magni und Romani" in his
134:
on the occasion of his conquest of the Latin town of
701:
2774:
2708:
2558:
2495:
2413:
2377:
2222:
2142:
2068:
1997:
1961:
1888:
1788:
1665:
1629:
1533:
1442:
1377:
1336:
1254:
1202:
80:
72:
62:
47:
39:
234:as games regularly established by law. They were
335:Yet Livy and the other authors who identify the
1169:
769:
242:"yearly". Livy identifies the two kinds, the
8:
394:, 2593, where a charioteer is spoken of as
213:(354 AD) they run from September 12 to 15.
161:The games were originally organized by the
130:, and are said to have been established by
2850:
2696:
2403:
2072:
2058:
1619:
1192:
1176:
1162:
1154:
776:
762:
754:
36:
747:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
209:lasted from the 15th to the 19th. In the
1434:University International Sports Festival
146:date them to the Roman victory over the
504:
370:consisted of first a solemn procession
398:). This is a practice confined to the
350:in 70 BC, they lasted 15 days (Cicero
2678:Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
2623:Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
2482:Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games
7:
1701:Central American and Caribbean Games
238:"customary," but had not yet become
2862:
2417:(in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD)
1948:Games of the Small States of Europe
1938:European Universities Championships
1826:Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
1697:Central American and the Caribbean
201:was celebrated on the 13th and the
178:" that there were 45 days from the
2802:Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games
104:religious festival in ancient Rome
25:
1969:Australian Youth Olympic Festival
714:cf. Granius Licinianus lib. xxvi.
2861:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2613:Games of the New Emerging Forces
730:
453:in 364, plays were acted at the
27:Ancient Roman religious festival
2792:European Youth Olympic Festival
1928:European Youth Olympic Festival
1763:South American University Games
1738:North American Indigenous Games
1556:UCI Cycling World Championships
1400:International Youth Green Games
205:(a cavalry revue) on the 14th.
2782:National Winter Games of China
2603:Far Eastern Championship Games
1404:International Children's Games
449:After the introduction of the
291:(e.g. x. 47, 7; xxv. 2, 8) or
1:
2890:Ancient Roman games festivals
1657:West African University Games
1349:Lumberjack World Championship
744:, ed. (1870). "Ludi Romani".
591:Livy xxxvi. 2, xxxix. 22, 1;
457:, and in 214 BC we know that
267:, &c. p. 290), that
1510:World Eskimo Indian Olympics
569:Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
541:Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
314:in 450-449 BC (cf. Mommsen,
308:curatores ludorum sollemnium
1953:International Erasmus Games
1943:European Universities Games
1918:European Para Championships
1652:All-Africa University Games
1414:World Interuniversity Games
1385:FISU World University Games
1369:World Police and Fire Games
2921:
2766:Winter World Masters Games
2020:Asia Pacific Masters Games
1768:South American Youth Games
1758:South American Beach Games
471:was acted at these games.
140:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
29:
2814:
2695:
2425:Tailteann Games (ancient)
2402:
2075:
2057:
2028:Indian Ocean Island Games
1923:European Para Youth Games
1686:Junior Pan American Games
1618:
1191:
798:
382:in which each chariot in
258:Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl
2761:New Zealand Winter Games
2628:Tailteann Games (modern)
2578:Asian Martial Arts Games
2248:National Peasants' Games
1480:Islamic Solidarity Games
1424:Commonwealth Youth Games
1419:World School Sport Games
1393:World School Sport Games
1364:World Firefighters Games
1344:International Army Games
1328:World Abilitysport Games
479:The classic work on the
316:Die römische Chronologie
67:Classical Roman religion
2726:Winter University Games
2472:Cotswold Olimpick Games
2368:National Games (Taiwan)
2015:Asia Pacific Deaf Games
1743:North American Outgames
1586:World Mind Sports Games
1541:CSIT World Sports Games
1485:Jeux de la Francophonie
184:Ludi Victoriae Sullanae
126:—were held in honor of
1913:European Championships
1908:European Masters Games
1868:East Asian Youth Games
1851:ASEAN University Games
1706:Central American Games
1691:Americas Masters Games
1681:Parapan American Games
1515:World Indigenous Games
1505:World Transplant Games
750:. London: John Murray.
475:History of scholarship
345:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
211:Calendar of Philocalus
171:secession of the plebs
122:These games—the chief
114:based on Greek drama.
2895:September observances
2797:Winter X Games Europe
2673:Spartakiad of Albania
2638:Women's Islamic Games
2593:Central African Games
2435:Ancient Olympic Games
529:Ab Urbe condita libri
514:, s. v. Magnos Ludos.
406:), as it appears the
327:to superintend them.
2653:Cerebral Palsy Games
2535:Liberty Bell Classic
2253:National Youth Games
1753:South American Games
1551:Mind Sports Olympiad
1465:Croatian World Games
1354:Military World Games
1053:Quinquennial Neronia
686:Römische Forschungen
597:Römische Forschungen
485:Römische Forschungen
396:pedibus ad quadrigam
358:, bestowed for both
331:Facts of Ludi Romani
306:– were described as
193:In calendars of the
96:("Roman Games"; see
2751:Arctic Winter Games
2658:South African Games
2618:Pacific Ocean Games
2559:Defunct regional or
2496:Alternatives to the
2414:Pre-Modern Olympics
2045:Mediterranean Games
2010:Arctic Winter Games
1863:Central Asian Games
1647:African Youth Games
1576:World Masters Games
1525:World Polonia Games
1246:Youth Olympic Games
2827:51 component games
2787:Asian Winter Games
2633:West African Games
2573:Asian Indoor Games
2545:Workers' Olympiads
2525:Inter-Allied Games
1984:Pacific Mini Games
1846:ASEAN School Games
1676:Pan American Games
1642:African Para Games
1566:World Combat Games
1500:Pan-Armenian Games
1460:Commonwealth Games
1409:SELL Student Games
1378:Youth and students
1185:Multi-sport events
132:Tarquinius Priscus
2877:
2876:
2810:
2809:
2691:
2690:
2643:World Youth Games
2540:People's Olympiad
2462:Panathenaic Games
2430:Panhellenic Games
2398:
2397:
2218:
2217:
2053:
2052:
1974:Micronesian Games
1873:South Asian Games
1831:Asian Youth Games
1821:Asian Beach Games
1614:
1613:
1601:World Urban Games
1596:World Skate Games
1591:World Nomad Games
1561:World Beach Games
1306:World Dwarf Games
1296:INAS Global Games
1151:
1150:
723:Livy xxiii. 29, 5
703:Roman Antiquities
684:Theodor Mommsen,
571:Roman Antiquities
543:Roman Antiquities
495:, iii. 477, 478.
390:vii. 72; and cf.
388:Roman Antiquities
165:and later by the
154:during the early
88:
87:
16:(Redirected from
2912:
2865:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2840:
2756:Kennedy Memorial
2697:
2648:IWAS World Games
2598:East Asian Games
2583:Baltic Sea Games
2568:Afro-Asian Games
2561:community events
2510:Friendship Games
2418:
2404:
2085:British Columbia
2073:
2059:
1998:Intercontinental
1879:West Asian Games
1856:ASEAN Para Games
1837:Southeast Asian
1816:Asian Para Games
1723:Bolivarian Games
1620:
1581:World Mind Games
1311:Special Olympics
1291:IBSA World Games
1229:Paralympic Games
1193:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
963:Ludi Apollinares
928:Ieiunium Cereris
843:Capitoline Games
778:
771:
764:
755:
751:
734:
733:
724:
721:
715:
712:
706:
699:
693:
682:
676:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
636:
630:
621:
615:
606:
600:
589:
583:
582:Livy vi. 42, 12.
580:
574:
567:
561:
552:
546:
539:
533:
521:
515:
509:
493:Staatsverwaltung
203:Equorum probatio
48:Observed by
37:
21:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2806:
2770:
2704:
2687:
2588:Black Sea Games
2560:
2554:
2498:Modern Olympics
2497:
2491:
2487:Zappas Olympics
2477:Gog Magog Games
2416:
2415:
2409:
2394:
2373:
2238:All-China Games
2214:
2147:
2138:
2122:amateur juniors
2064:
2049:
1993:
1957:
1897:Black Sea Games
1884:
1784:
1778:Caribbean Games
1749:South American
1729:North American
1661:
1625:
1610:
1529:
1495:Maccabiah Games
1490:Lusofonia Games
1438:
1373:
1359:World Air Games
1332:
1250:
1198:
1187:
1182:
1152:
1147:
1003:Navigium Isidis
794:
785:Roman festivals
782:
740:
731:
728:
727:
722:
718:
713:
709:
700:
696:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:, Livy i. 35, 9
662:
658:
650:
646:
637:
633:
622:
618:
607:
603:
590:
586:
581:
577:
568:
564:
553:
549:
540:
536:
522:
518:
510:
506:
501:
477:
333:
254:Pseudo-Asconius
219:
120:
84:the god Jupiter
81:Related to
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Goodwill Games
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2450:Isthmian Games
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2385:Poland (youth)
2381:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:National Games
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:National Games
2240:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:North Carolina
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:European Games
1900:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1725:
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1713:Latin American
1710:
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1695:
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1678:
1669:
1667:
1663:
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1522:
1520:World Outgames
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Highland games
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1443:Intercommunity
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
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1398:
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1325:
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1301:Invictus Games
1298:
1293:
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1282:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1260:
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1125:
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1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Plebeian Games
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
943:Latin Festival
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
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845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
796:
795:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
742:Smith, William
726:
725:
716:
707:
694:
677:
675:pp. 142-3, Or.
668:
656:
644:
631:
629:ii. 4. 3, 110.
616:
601:
584:
575:
562:
557:de Divinatione
547:
534:
516:
503:
502:
500:
497:
476:
473:
408:Roman horsemen
332:
329:
325:curule aediles
300:curule aediles
218:
215:
176:Against Verres
167:curule aediles
158:, ca. 496 BC.
124:Roman festival
119:
116:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
76:September 4–19
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
52:Roman Republic
49:
45:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2917:
2906:
2905:Julius Caesar
2903:
2901:
2900:Jupiter (god)
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2870:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2848:
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2832:
2828:
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2803:
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2798:
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2757:
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2752:
2749:
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2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:International
2707:
2703:
2702:Winter sports
2698:
2694:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
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2649:
2646:
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2641:
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2611:
2609:
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2581:
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2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Islamic Games
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2455:Heraean Games
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Pythian Games
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2405:
2401:
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2300:
2298:
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2239:
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2228:
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2225:
2221:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Lakota Nation
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Massachusetts
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:United States
2145:
2141:
2133:
2132:Warrior Games
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:United States
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:Jeux des îles
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1989:Arafura Games
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Pacific Games
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
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1926:
1924:
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1911:
1909:
1906:
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1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:Pan American
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:African Games
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
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1501:
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1471:
1468:
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1435:
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1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:(Universiade)
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
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1309:
1307:
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1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Arafura Games
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:Olympic Games
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1204:Olympic Games
1201:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1144:
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1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Taurian Games
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Secular Games
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:October Horse
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
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966:
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931:
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926:
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921:
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916:
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906:
904:
901:
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869:
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851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
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826:
824:
821:
819:
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814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
797:
793:
792:
786:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
756:
752:
749:
748:
743:
738:
737:public domain
720:
717:
711:
708:
704:
698:
695:
691:
690:Roman History
687:
681:
678:
672:
669:
665:
660:
657:
653:
648:
645:
641:
635:
632:
628:
627:
620:
617:
613:
612:
605:
602:
598:
594:
588:
585:
579:
576:
572:
566:
563:
559:
558:
551:
548:
544:
538:
535:
531:
530:
525:
520:
517:
513:
508:
505:
498:
496:
494:
490:
489:Roman History
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:Twelve Tables
437:
436:
431:
430:Roman History
427:
421:
419:
418:
413:
409:
405:
404:Paribus Equis
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
375:
369:
366:. The actual
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
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259:
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247:
246:
241:
237:
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228:
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216:
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208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
152:Lake Regillus
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
117:
115:
113:
109:
108:Julius Caesar
105:
101:
100:
95:
94:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
53:
50:
46:
43:
42:(Ludi Romani)
38:
33:
19:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2822:Sub-national
2741:Commonwealth
2736:Nordic Games
2663:North Dakota
2608:FESPIC Games
2466:
2445:Nemean Games
2306:Philippines
2100:Saskatchewan
2033:Island Games
1895:
1877:
1733:CANUSA Games
1396:(Gymnasiade)
1395:
1387:
1286:DĂ©fi sportif
1113:Tubilustrium
1088:Septimontium
988:Meditrinalia
978:Lusus Troiae
967:
888:Epulum Jovis
823:Armilustrium
790:
745:
729:
719:
710:
702:
697:
689:
688:ii. 53; cf.
685:
680:
671:
663:
659:
647:
642:ii. 52, 130.
639:
634:
624:
619:
614:i. 1. 0, 31.
609:
604:
596:
587:
578:
570:
565:
555:
550:
542:
537:
527:
519:
507:
492:
488:
484:
480:
478:
462:
459:ludi scenici
458:
454:
448:
435:ludus Trojae
433:
429:
422:
415:
403:
399:
395:
387:
380:chariot race
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
347:
340:
336:
334:
324:
319:
315:
307:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
261:
249:
243:
239:
235:
222:
220:
217:When and why
207:Circus games
202:
199:Epulum Jovis
192:
187:
183:
179:
160:
121:
97:
92:
91:
89:
57:Roman Empire
41:
40:Roman Games
2868:WikiProject
2831:U.S. states
2746:World Scout
2721:Paralympics
2668:Netherlands
2505:Aryan Games
2467:Roman Games
2332:South Korea
1799:Asian Games
1571:World Games
1455:BRICS Games
1337:Professions
1269:Deaflympics
1138:Volturnalia
1108:Tricennalia
1103:Tiberinalia
1048:Quinquatria
1023:Opiconsivia
968:Ludi Romani
858:Carmentalia
833:Bacchanalia
626:Philippicae
481:Ludi Romani
455:ludi Romani
400:ludi Romani
368:ludi Romani
364:ludi Romani
348:ludi votivi
320:ludi Romani
285:Ludi Romani
277:ludi Romani
273:ludi votivi
262:Parerga zu
250:ludi Romani
188:Ludi Romani
180:Ludi Romani
138:. However,
93:Ludi Romani
18:Roman Games
2884:Categories
2550:Spartakiad
2408:Historical
2390:WheelPower
2270:University
2230:Bangladesh
2160:California
2005:Arab Games
1795:Pan Asian
1774:Caribbean
1718:ALBA Games
1450:Arab Games
1429:CPLP Games
1256:Parasports
1143:Vulcanalia
1128:Vicennalia
1098:Terminalia
1083:Sementivae
1068:Saturnalia
1058:Regifugium
1038:Poplifugia
1028:Parentalia
1013:Neptunalia
998:Mercuralia
983:Matronalia
973:Lupercalia
938:Larentalia
923:Furrinalia
918:Fornacalia
913:Fordicidia
878:Decennalia
868:Compitalia
848:Caprotinia
828:Augustalia
808:Ambarvalia
560:i. 26, 55.
532:, I.35, 9.
417:desultores
360:ludi magni
337:ludi magni
281:ludi stati
269:ludi magni
245:ludi magni
236:sollemnes,
2731:FIS Games
2327:Singapore
2277:Indonesia
2210:Wisconsin
1933:EuroGames
1841:SEA Games
1470:Gay Games
1118:Veneralia
1063:Robigalia
1008:Nemoralia
993:Megalesia
953:Liberalia
933:Junonalia
873:Consualia
813:Amburbium
640:In Verrem
611:In Verrem
412:Tarentini
378:, then a
352:In Verrem
312:Decemvirs
275:), while
231:triumphal
32:Gladiator
2844:Category
2775:Regional
2716:Olympics
2349:Thailand
2302:Pakistan
2292:Mongolia
2287:Malaysia
2190:New York
2185:Nebraska
2175:Missouri
2112:Colombia
2069:Americas
2063:National
1666:Americas
1624:Regional
1546:Dew Tour
1123:Vestalia
908:Floralia
893:Equirria
863:Cerealia
853:Caristia
838:Brumalia
803:Agonalia
554:Cicero,
545:vii. 71.
426:factions
248:and the
195:Augustan
156:Republic
102:) was a
2818:Defunct
2365:Taiwan
2361:Vietnam
2315:Student
2180:Montana
2165:Florida
2155:Alabama
2127:seniors
2105:Western
2090:Ontario
1962:Oceania
1606:X Games
1133:Vinalia
1073:Rosalia
1033:Parilia
958:Lucaria
948:Lemuria
903:Feralia
883:Divalia
739::
705:vii. 71
638:Cicero
623:Cicero
608:Cicero
599:ii. 54.
593:Mommsen
573:vi. 95.
469:Terence
464:Phormio
444:chaplet
384:Homeric
304:aediles
264:Plautus
182:to the
163:consuls
136:Apiolae
128:Jupiter
118:Origins
2829:in 36
2515:GANEFO
2378:Europe
2342:Winter
2337:Summer
2234:China
2095:Quebec
2080:Canada
2024:Isles
1889:Europe
1809:Winter
1804:Summer
1630:Africa
1321:Winter
1316:Summer
1279:Winter
1274:Summer
1239:Winter
1234:Summer
1222:Winter
1217:Summer
1197:Global
898:Februa
791:(ludi)
789:games
692:i. 472
654:I.401.
512:Festus
392:Orelli
341:Romani
293:votivi
240:annui,
148:Latins
144:Cicero
2683:youth
2354:Youth
2320:Youth
2297:Nepal
2282:Japan
2265:Youth
2260:India
2205:Texas
1534:Other
818:Argei
499:Notes
451:drama
374:pompa
356:asses
289:stati
225:votum
2856:List
2223:Asia
2144:NCSG
1789:Asia
787:and
524:Livy
362:and
339:and
283:).
142:and
112:Rome
99:ludi
90:The
73:Date
63:Type
652:CIL
467:of
150:at
2886::
595:,
526:,
446:.
420:.
190:.
2146:,
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
777:e
770:t
763:v
376:)
372:(
260:(
227:)
223:(
174:"
54:,
34:.
20:)
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