800:, prescribed penalties for heretical clerics and laymen and established a procedure of systematic inquisition by bishops; the third canon of the fourth Lateran Council (1215) specified procedures against heretics and their accomplices. Clerics were to be degraded from their orders, lay persons were to be branded as infamous and not be admitted to public offices or councils or to run a business, will not have the freedom to make a will nor shall succeed to an inheritance, goods were to be confiscated. A secular leader who "neglects to cleanse his territory of this heretical filth" would be excommunicated and the supreme pontiff could declare his vassals absolved from their fealty to him and make the land available for occupation by Catholics who would possess it unopposed and preserve it in the purity of the faith.
1194:, discussed how Inquisitorial propaganda of demonology distorted popular folk beliefs. In similar light, Elliott P. Currie saw the Inquisitions as one singular, ongoing phenomenon, which drove the witch-hunt to its peak. Currie argued that the methods pioneered by the Inquisition indirectly guided continental Europe to a series of persecutions motivated by profit. Second-wave feminism also saw a surge of historical interpretation of the witch-hunt. A number of 100,000 to 9,000,000 executions was given, all of which was attributed to the Inquisition. Feminist scholars Claudia Honeger and Nelly Moia saw the early modern witch-craze as a product of Inquisitorial influence, namely the
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women. Watt points out that in 1588 the Roman Curia stated it would only allow testimony about participation in a
Sabbath by the practitioners themselves and not by outside witnesses. Additionally, the Inquisition would eventually ban torture for the procurement of a witchcraft confession. The Holy Office also began seeking less harsh punishment for witches and viewed witches as those who had simply lost their way and who could be redeemed, not as apostates deserving death.
1974:
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1993:
1200:. Feminist writers Mary Daly, Barbara Walker, and Witch Starhawk argued that the Inquisitions were responsible for countless, "hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions", deaths, most of them women. This notion was similarly echoed by Third-wave feminist writer Elizabeth Connor, who agreed with the notion of "gynocide", or "woman hunting", inaugurated by the
1243:. In-depth historical research regarding minor details of different types of magic, theological heresies, and political climate of The Reformation further revealed that Inquisitorial procedures greatly restrained witch hunting in Italy. Scholars specializing in the Renaissance and Early Modern period such as
1247:, Christopher F. Black, and Mary O'Neil also discussed the importance of proper procedures and sparse use of torture. The low rate of torture and lawful interrogation, Black argued, means that trials tended to focus more on individual accusation, instead of groups. For the same reason, the notion of the
1251:
was much less accepted in contemporary
Italian popular culture. The Holy Office's function in the disenchantment of popular culture also helped advance rationalism by getting rid of superstitions. Jeffrey R. Watt refutes the feminist claim that the Inquisition was responsible for the death of so many
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and other church rulings, in addition to their function of administering legalistic ramifications upon deviants of
Catholic orthodoxy within states that cooperated with the pope and ostensibly exhibiting proper procedure to Catholic states in the process of formulating the Counter-Reformation. The
1255:
Historians who leaned toward the witch-hunt-restraining argument were more inclined to differentiate different
Inquisitions, and often drew contrast between Italy versus Central Europe. The number of executed witches is also greatly lowered, to between 45,000 and 60,000. Those who argued for the
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fault of the
Inquisition in the witch-craze are more likely to contrast continental Europe to England, as well as seeing the Inquisitions as one singular event which lasted 600 years since its founding in the 11th or 12th century. The significance and emphasis of the
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so that the guards might be prevented from understanding them. The inquisitor told him that the inquisition were not accustomed to stopping visitors or travellers unless someone had suggested they do so (Bargrave suspected that
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The Roman
Inquisition began in 1542 as part of the Catholic Church's Counter-Reformation against the spread of Protestantism, but it represented a less harsh affair than the previously established Spanish Inquisition. In 1588,
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While the Roman
Inquisition was originally designed to combat the spread of Protestantism in Italy, the institution outlived that original purpose and the system of tribunals lasted until the mid 18th century, when
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Nicolaus
Copernicus circulated for scholarly discussion his hypothesis of a cosmos that was heliocentric and an Earth that rotated around its own axis, first, in 1514 in a manuscript essay, "
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Some seven decades following
Copernicus's death, specialists in mathematics, philosophy, and Catholic theology, whom the Roman Inquisition consulted in response to complaints made against
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Through further research and available evidence, the Roman
Inquisition was seen in a different light. In contrast with feminist arguments, historians like Clarke Garrett,
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pointed out that most witch trials and executions were conducted by local and secular authorities. Clarke Garrett mentioned the quick decline and insignificance of the
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in 1615. The Roman Inquisition concluded that his theory could only be supported as a possibility, not as an established fact. Galileo later defended his views in
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609:
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2020:
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572:
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The Inquisitions have long been one of the primary subjects in the scholarly debates regarding witchcraft accusations of the early modern period. Historian
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1204:. The same sentiment regarding the Inquisition's notorious reputation of torture was shared by American writer and attorney Jonathan Kirsch. In his book,
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While the Inquisition refrained from condemning either Copernicus or his book (or Galileo) on the basis of this assessment, several theological claims in
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moves around it, to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy" and that the first was "formally heretical" while the second was "at least erroneous in faith".
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752:, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according to Catholic law and
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756:, relating to Catholic religious life or alternative religious or secular beliefs. It was established in 1542 by the leader of the Catholic Church,
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3181:
3136:
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879:
159:
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Italian historian Andrea Del Col estimates that out of 51,000–75,000 cases judged by Inquisition in Italy after 1542, around 1,250 resulted in a
1964:, IV, Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, Roma, 1994, pp. 857–1014, 1062–1070, 1076–1140
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557:
1208:, Kirsch argued that the Inquisition's use of torture not only applied to the witch-craze which peaked in early 17th century, but also to the
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1299:
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3300:
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Italian states began to suppress the local inquisitions, effectively eliminating the power of the church to prosecute heretical crimes.
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Tedeschi, John (1983). "The Roman Inquisition and Witchcraft: An Early Seventeenth-century 'Instruction' on Correct Trial Procedure".
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2013:
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an Italian apothecary, writer, natural philosopher, and a women's advocate. Of these, only Bruno was executed, in 1600. The miller
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The organisational system of the Roman Inquisition did differ essentially from that of the Medieval Inquisition. Typically, the
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from the inquisition. Even with a license, Bargrave was prohibited from carrying any books "printed at any heretical city, as
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2006:
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Honegger, Claudia. 1979. "Comment on Garrett's 'women and Witches'". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 792–798
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of the Spanish Inquisition. There were usually ten other cardinals who were members of the Congregation, as well as a
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514:
266:
198:
1447:""Praedicate Evangelium" on the Roman Curia and its service to the Church and to the World (19 March 2022) | Francis"
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He was tried by the Inquisition in 1633. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", forced to recant, and the
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1401:
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933:. Both works were known in Rome, and neither attracted adverse theological responses in the sixteenth century.
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144:
1901:
Inquisizione romana e Controriforma. Studi sul cardinal Giovanni Morone (1509–1580) e il suo processo d'eresia
1368:
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who advised on specific questions. The congregation, in turn, presided over the activity of local tribunals.
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of his books to the inquisition and was provided with a license to carry them for the rest of his journey.
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808:
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2190:
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Currie, Elliott P.. 1968. "Crimes Without Criminals: Witchcraft and Its Control in Renaissance Europe".
647:
480:
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1711:
Garrett, Clarke. 1979. "Reply to Honegger and Moia". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 802–804.
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2711:
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2634:
2357:
2287:
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1879:
Costantino Corvisieri, "Compendio dei processi del Santo Uffizio di Roma (da Paolo III a Paolo IV),"
1305:
1105:
887:
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34:
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in Rome had made accusations against him). Nonetheless, Bargrave was told he was required to hold a
3887:
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2644:
2407:
2400:
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1908:
Vittore Soranzo vescovo ed eretico. Riforma della Chiesa e Inquisizione nell'Italia del Cinquecento
1320:
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to preside over meetings of the Congregation. Though often referred to in historical literature as
772:
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is seen more frequently in arguments which hold the Inquisition accountable for the witch-craze.
1209:
1141:
1113:
915:" (Brief Commentary on the Hypotheses of Heavenly Movements), and then more robustly in the book
687:
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1736:"Under the Devil's Spell: Witches, Sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy (review)"
1315:
1625:
The Night Battles: Witchcraft & Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth & Seventeenth Centuries
3771:
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2258:
2043:
1591:
1542:
1183:
1137:
1125:
984:
957:
547:
465:
1023:(Index of Forbidden Books). He spent the rest of his life under house arrest at his villa in
3295:
2558:
2553:
2427:
2100:
1978:
1786:
1747:
1694:
1335:
1293:
1117:
1068:
816:
629:
1896:, edited by V. Lavenia, A. Prosperi, J. Tedeschi, 4 vol., Edizioni della Normale, Pisa 2010
3643:
2584:
2337:
1587:
1430:
1347:
1341:
1325:
1232:
1093:
1043:, gave an account of his interactions with the Roman Inquisition. Arriving in the city of
989:
824:
749:
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places an emphasis on torture methods employed to force confessions from the convicted.
1144:, who had preached against the pope, was tried by the Inquisition and executed in 1610.
25:
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3654:
2716:
2526:
2494:
2459:
2380:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1562:
1244:
1187:
1109:
1064:
980:
737:
529:
1811:
Black, Christopher F. 2009. The Italian Inquisition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1515:
1167:
The Inquisition in Malta (1561 to 1798) is generally considered to have been gentler.
50:
3914:
2689:
2531:
2464:
2311:
2263:
1955:
The prosecution of heresy: collected studies on the Inquisition in early modern Italy
1521:
1236:
1225:
1044:
1040:
993:
926:
849:
203:
1798:
1759:
1502:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 291.
1385:
3698:
2753:
2699:
2563:
2375:
2275:
2226:
2083:
2029:
1851:
Watt, Jeffrey (2012). "Review of The Italian Inquisition by Christopher F. Black".
1610:
Connor, E. (January 31, 1990). "Burning times: The inquisition's reign of terror".
1541:(translated by John and Anne Tedeschi), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,
1410:
945:
475:
1823:
Binding Passions: Tales of Magic, Marriage and Power at the End of the Renaissance
1471:"Una errata reproducida durante siglos cambia la censura de la Iglesia a Galileo".
1296:, attracted attention of the Inquisition and finally executed by civil authorities
3068:
2616:
2422:
2417:
2385:
1221:
863:
768:
42:
3894:
682:
3234:
3037:
2808:
2694:
2611:
2342:
2281:
1928:
Ricerche su confessione dei peccati e Inquisizione nell'Italia del Cinquecento
1391:, The History Guide – Lectures on Ancient and Medieval European History, 2006.
1148:
1060:
1052:
1003:
797:
788:
243:
3418:
Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector
3123:
2731:
2606:
2601:
2489:
1957:, Medieval & Renaissance texts & studies, Binghamton, New York 1991.
1329:
1171:
1129:
1085:
961:
were ordered to be excised in future publications. Unexpurgated versions of
930:
836:
828:
652:
493:
1720:
Purkiss, Diane. "A Holocaust of one's own: The myth of the Burning Times".
1314:, a Franciscan friar who had embraced Judaism, and was burned alive on the
1698:
3216:
3072:
2705:
2621:
2474:
2433:
1987:
1028:
832:
760:
753:
745:
3472:
College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata
1790:
1751:
1077:
1073:
1024:
1007:
937:
820:
3415:
Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion
1212:. This model of repressive system, Kirsch argued, was also applied in
2726:
2682:
2504:
2439:
2078:
1673:
The Grand Inquisitor's Manual: A History of Terror in the Name of God
1213:
1206:
The Grand Inquisitor's Manual: A History of Terror in the Name of God
1152:
1089:
1081:
1048:
3421:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
992:
revised the Copernican theories and was admonished for his views on
440:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
1983:
815:, the role was substantially different from the formally appointed
787:
The main function of the institution was to maintain and implement
1539:
The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth Century Miller
1474:
1402:"Hsu, Jeremy. "Sloppy Records Cast Galileo's Trial in New Light",
1140:
in 1599 for his belief that God was created from chaos. The friar
949:
868:
Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
742:
Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
1918:
Inquisitori, esorcisti e streghe nell'Italia della Controriforma
804:
757:
732:
Suprema Congregatio Sanctae Romanae et Universalis Inquisitionis
3041:
2002:
1998:
1055:
who inspected his books on suspicion some may have been on the
1280:
from the Inquisition was made available to the public in 2014.
941:
150:
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
3792:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
3291:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
1308:(1616–1671), a French Protestant painter forced to flee Italy
563:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
304:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
767:, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider
744:'), was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the
1658:
Moia, Nelly. 1979. "Comment on Garrett's 'women and Witches
1488:
Hannam, James. "The Genesis of Science". 2011. pp. 329–344.
670:
Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1517:
Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals
3782:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
3375:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
1010:, who had both supported Galileo up until that point.
553:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
392:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
1948:
Amori proibiti. I concubini tra Chiesa e Inquisizione
1662:". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 798–802.
1155:
region, but considered them a lesser danger than the
827:. The Holy Office also had an international group of
3261:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
272:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
3714:
3669:
3642:
3557:
3435:
3428:
3382:
3356:
3311:
3278:
3243:
3215:
3152:
Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
3122:
3086:
3079:
2817:
2762:
2643:
2577:
2448:
2366:
2219:
2166:
2036:
870:was one. In 1908, the congregation was renamed the
3458:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
1388:Fourth Lateran Council (1215): Canon 3 – On Heresy
96:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
3580:Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon
1350:(1667–1740), secretary of the Inquisition 1726-40
1302:(1597–1679), secretary of the Inquisition 1633-79
3505:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
3172:Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
2779:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
1775:"The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (review)"
1627:. London; Melbourne: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
1559:"The Archives of the Roman Inquisition in Malta"
912:De hypothesibus motuum coelestium commentariolus
165:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
16:System of tribunals enforcing Catholic orthodoxy
3517:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
3346:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
2332:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
1888:L'Inquisizione in Italia. Dall'XI al XXI secolo
1147:The Inquisition also concerned itself with the
1059:. Bargrave was brought before the city's chief
1015:Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
999:Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
878:, and in 2022 it was renamed once again to the
357:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
177:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
123:Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments
3839:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
3757:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
1881:Archivio della Società romana di storia patria
1876:, Yale University Press, New Haven–London 2009
1838:Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe
1606:
1604:
872:Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office
600:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
520:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
3053:
2014:
705:
8:
3812:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
3528:Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations
3339:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
2789:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
1825:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
1104:Among the subjects of this Inquisition were
1092:, London, or the like". Bargrave provided a
573:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
347:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
1511:
1509:
910:
729:
3844:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
3711:
3662:Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome
3659:Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome
3432:
3092:
3083:
3060:
3046:
3038:
2300:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
2021:
2007:
1999:
1436:, The Catholic University of America, 2010
1039:17th century English traveler and author,
963:On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
923:On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
876:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
712:
698:
605:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
20:
1178:Historiography and witchcraft accusations
985:Robert Bellarmine § The Galileo case
940:in 1616, judged the proposition that the
3651:Vicar General for the Vatican City State
3107:Secretary for Pontifical Representations
1962:La Guida generale degli Archivi di Stato
1903:, 2nd edition, Morcelliana, Brescia 2005
1484:
1482:
3926:1542 establishments in the Papal States
3655:Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome
3483:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
1375:. Eternal Word Television Network, Inc.
1359:
1338:, Protestant burnt to the stake in 1547
1269:
880:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
823:and two assistants all chosen from the
138:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
41:
3787:Special Administration of the Holy See
3494:Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations
925:), in 1543. The book was dedicated to
874:, in 1965 it was renamed again to the
558:Special Administration of the Holy See
1159:and only handed out light sentences.
929:, who was known for his interests in
7:
3463:International Theological Commission
3447:International Council for Catechesis
3390:International Eucharistic Congresses
1960:Maria Francesca Tiepolo, "Venezia",
1894:Dizionario storico dell'Inquisizione
500:Congregation of Bishops and Regulars
409:International Eucharistic Congresses
189:Promoting Integral Human Development
101:International Theological Commission
3734:Congregation for Catholic Education
3301:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
3268:Commission for Confidential Matters
2318:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
1975:Works by or about Roman Inquisition
918:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
309:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
279:Commission for Confidential Matters
3797:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
3436:Councils, commissions, and offices
3319:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
2799:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
1938:L'Inquisizione nell'Italia moderna
1235:, John Tedeschi, Matteo Duni, and
568:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
327:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
14:
3817:Pontifical Council for the Family
3744:Congregation of the Vatican Press
3286:Prefecture of the Papal Household
3103:Section for Relations with States
1930:, La Città del Sole, Naples, 1997
1687:Revue de l'Histoire des Religions
894:Notable subjects of investigation
578:Pontifical Council for the Family
525:Congregation of the Vatican Press
299:Prefecture of the Papal Household
68:Section for Relations with States
3893:
3881:
3822:Pontifical Council for the Laity
3739:Sacred Congregation of the Index
2353:White genocide conspiracy theory
1991:
681:
665:Advocates of Roman congregations
615:Promoting the New Evangelization
583:Pontifical Council for the Laity
515:Sacred Congregation of the Index
49:
24:
2597:Institute for Historical Review
2517:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
2247:International Jewish conspiracy
2144:
1469:Domínguez, Nuño (28 Feb 2014).
1369:"Fourth Lateran Council (1215)"
1063:who suggested they converse in
1051:), Bargrave was stopped by the
1006:and thus alienated him and the
433:Institute for Works of Religion
3931:History of the Catholic Church
3802:Pontifical Council for Culture
3468:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1498:Finnocchiaro, Maurice (1989).
1163:Inquisition in Italy and Malta
106:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1:
3265:Office of the Auditor General
2794:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
2522:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
2500:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
2470:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
1853:The English Historical Review
1779:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
1740:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
1332:imprisoned by the Inquisition
946:at the center of the universe
276:Office of the Auditor General
3547:Press Office of the Holy See
3357:Interdicasterial commissions
2774:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
2480:1968 Polish political crisis
1734:Bailey., Michael D. (2009).
1693:(2). Armand Colin: 163–188.
1278:original assessment document
1002:(1632), which attacked Pope
971:(Index of Forbidden Books).
538:Sacred Congregation of Rites
371:Interdicasterial commissions
214:Press Office of the Holy See
3749:Sacred Congregation of the
3256:Secretariat for the Economy
3099:Section for General Affairs
2544:Night of the Murdered Poets
1990:(public domain audiobooks)
1773:Bailey, Michael D. (2007).
1724:. Routledge, London: 1996.
1057:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
1020:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
968:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
530:Sacred Congregation of the
267:Secretariat for the Economy
3972:
3729:Congregation of Ceremonies
3383:Commissions and committees
3372:Candidates to Sacred Order
3324:Vatican Apostolic Archives
3197:Integral Human Development
2539:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2510:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
2485:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
2450:Antisemitic laws, policies
2306:On the Jews and Their Lies
1984:Works by Roman Inquisition
1950:, Laterza, Rome-Bari, 2008
1940:, Laterza, Rome-Bari, 2002
1883:3 (1880), 261–290; 449-471
1836:Haliczer, Stephen (1986).
978:
902:
831:; experienced scholars of
771:, the other two being the
763:. In the period after the
510:Congregation of Ceremonies
403:Commissions and committees
389:Candidates to Sacred Order
332:Vatican Apostolic Archives
3876:
3849:Evangelization of Peoples
3777:Office of Papal Charities
3329:Vatican Apostolic Library
3271:Committee for Investments
3095:
1920:, Sansoni, Florence, 1990
1910:, Laterza, Rome–Bari 2006
1584:L'Inquisizione in Italia.
1224:, and most recently, the
1218:Japanese internment camps
610:Evangelization of Peoples
337:Vatican Apostolic Library
282:Committee for Investments
160:Promoting Christian Unity
3724:Congregation for Borders
3366:Church in Eastern Europe
2784:Community Security Trust
2658:Black Death persecutions
1821:Ruggiero, Guido (1993).
1671:Kirsch, Jonathan. 2008.
1638:Law & Society Review
783:Function and functioning
505:Congregation for Borders
380:Church in Eastern Europe
3888:Vatican City portal
3512:Interreligious Dialogue
3251:Council for the Economy
3187:Interreligious Dialogue
2990:Palestinian Territories
2495:Dreyfus Affair (France)
1890:, Mondadori, Milan 2006
1874:The Italian Inquisition
1537:Ginzburg, Carlo (1980)
1526:James Craigie Robertson
1434:Dissertation C. Beaudet
1367:Catholic Encyclopedia.
1047:(having travelled from
262:Council for the Economy
256:Institutions of finance
228:Institutions of justice
172:Interreligious Dialogue
3900:Catholicism portal
3699:Reform by John Paul II
3225:Apostolic Penitentiary
3177:Laity, Family and Life
2804:Stephen Roth Institute
2452:and government actions
2391:Portuguese Inquisition
2368:Religious antisemitism
2242:Double genocide theory
2128:Secondary antisemitism
2064:Religious antisemitism
1675:. New York: HarperOne.
1623:Ginzburg, Carlo. 1983.
1312:Cornelio Da Montalcino
1157:Protestant Reformation
911:
777:Portuguese Inquisition
730:
688:Catholicism portal
659:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
476:Reform by John Paul II
234:Apostolic Penitentiary
155:Laity, Family and Life
3946:Witch trials in Italy
3762:Congregation of Rites
3610:Immaculate Conception
3524:Culture and Education
3453:Doctrine of the Faith
3369:Consecrated Religious
3334:Fabric of Saint Peter
3192:Culture and Education
3137:Doctrine of the Faith
2764:Organizations working
2324:Contemporary imprints
2253:The International Jew
2123:Rootless cosmopolitan
1840:. London: Croom Helm.
1699:10.3406/rhr.1983.4520
1590:, 2010, pp. 779–780.
1473:EsMateria.com.; also
1406:, September 30, 2010"
648:Pontifical commission
385:Consecrated Religious
342:Fabric of Saint Peter
184:Culture and Education
91:Doctrine of the Faith
3605:Saint Thomas Aquinas
3558:Pontifical academies
3542:L'Osservatore Romano
3088:Secretariat of State
2766:against antisemitism
2712:Martyrdom in Judaism
2578:Antisemitic websites
2490:Leo Frank trial (US)
2386:Catholic Inquisition
2358:Zionist antisemitism
2074:Antisemitism studies
1722:The Witch in History
1414:. 30 September 2010.
1106:Franciscus Patricius
769:Catholic Inquisition
765:Medieval Inquisition
351:Pontifical academies
209:L'Osservatore Romano
61:Secretariat of State
3951:Witchcraft in Italy
3941:Italian Renaissance
3686:Immensa Aeterni Dei
3429:Other organizations
3395:Historical Sciences
3363:Particular Churches
3230:Apostolic Signatura
2742:Spanish Inquisition
2653:Rhineland massacres
2408:Rhineland massacres
2401:Spanish Inquisition
2133:Stereotypes of Jews
2118:Racial antisemitism
2069:Persecution of Jews
1872:Christopher Black,
1321:Counter-Reformation
1300:Francesco Barberini
1258:Malleus Maleficarum
1241:Malleus Maleficarum
1197:Malleus Maleficarum
1134:burned at the stake
965:were placed on the
905:Nicolaus Copernicus
855:Immensa Aeterni Dei
773:Spanish Inquisition
460:Immensa Aeterni Dei
414:Historical Sciences
376:Particular Churches
239:Apostolic Signatura
3859:Catholic Education
3854:New Evangelization
3807:New Evangelization
3767:Apostolic Chancery
3412:Financial Security
3142:Service of Charity
2961:Conservative Party
2722:Pale of Settlement
2232:Christian Identity
2206:Soviet mathematics
2111:Working definition
1867:Short bibliography
1791:10.1353/mrw.0.0133
1752:10.1353/mrw.0.0133
1500:The Galileo Affair
1429:2015-01-22 at the
1210:Salem witch trials
1142:Fulgenzio Manfredi
1130:Domenico Scandella
1114:Tommaso Campanella
1017:was placed on the
852:established, with
620:Catholic Education
543:Apostolic Chancery
429:Financial Security
113:Service of Charity
3956:Canon law history
3921:Roman Inquisition
3908:
3907:
3872:
3871:
3834:Justice and Peace
3772:Apostolic Dataria
3705:Reform by Francis
3693:Reform by Paul VI
3679:Roman Inquisition
3644:Papal See of Rome
3638:
3637:
3202:Legislative Texts
3147:Oriental Churches
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3035:
3034:
2678:Ghettos in Europe
2591:The Daily Stormer
2396:Roman Inquisition
2259:Jewish Bolshevism
1596:978-88-04-53433-4
1306:Sébastien Bourdon
1216:, Soviet Russia,
1192:The Night Battles
1184:Henry Charles Lea
1138:Pope Clement VIII
1136:on the orders of
1126:Camilla Erculiani
1027:near the city of
958:De revolutionibus
813:Grand Inquisitors
726:Roman Inquisition
722:
721:
595:Justice and Peace
548:Apostolic Dataria
486:Roman Inquisition
481:Reform by Francis
471:Reform by Paul VI
437:Healthcare Sector
194:Legislative Texts
3963:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3712:
3433:
3296:Apostolic Camera
3157:Causes of Saints
3093:
3084:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3039:
2559:Holocaust denial
2428:Host desecration
2237:Cultural Marxism
2167:Antisemitism and
2146:
2101:New antisemitism
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1979:Internet Archive
1886:Andrea Del Col,
1861:
1860:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1582:Andrea Del Col:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1561:. Archived from
1555:
1549:
1535:
1529:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1364:
1336:Diego de Enzinas
1294:Pomponio Algerio
1281:
1274:
1122:Cesare Cremonini
1118:Gerolamo Cardano
944:is immobile and
914:
817:Grand Inquisitor
735:
714:
707:
700:
686:
685:
630:Apostolic Camera
466:Reform by Pius X
128:Causes of Saints
118:Eastern Churches
53:
28:
21:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3868:
3716:
3710:
3665:
3634:
3625:Social Sciences
3553:
3500:Christian Unity
3424:
3378:
3352:
3349:Domus Vaticanae
3307:
3274:
3239:
3211:
3182:Christian Unity
3110:
3075:
3066:
3036:
3031:
2813:
2767:
2765:
2758:
2639:
2628:The Right Stuff
2585:Bible Believers
2573:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2362:
2338:Self-hating Jew
2215:
2196:Nation of Islam
2162:
2032:
2027:
1992:
1971:
1953:John Tedeschi,
1906:Massimo Firpo,
1899:Massimo Firpo,
1869:
1864:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1602:
1588:Oscar Mondadori
1581:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1528:(reprint; 2009)
1514:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1475:arXiv:1402.6168
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1431:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1348:Pietro Ottoboni
1342:Madonna Oriente
1326:Tommaso Crudeli
1316:Campo dei Fiori
1290:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1233:Brian P. Levack
1180:
1165:
1102:
1037:
990:Galileo Galilei
987:
979:Main articles:
977:
907:
901:
896:
845:
825:Dominican Order
785:
750:Catholic Church
718:
680:
675:
674:
643:
635:
634:
491:
454:
444:
443:
404:
396:
395:
372:
364:
363:
360:Domus Vaticanae
322:
314:
313:
294:
286:
285:
257:
249:
248:
229:
221:
220:
81:
73:
72:
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3969:
3967:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3906:
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3902:
3890:
3877:
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3870:
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3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3824:
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3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
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3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
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3754:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3682:
3681:(16th century)
3675:
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3663:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3640:
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3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Ecclesiastical
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:Communications
3531:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:Evangelization
3439:
3437:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3397:
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3386:
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3373:
3370:
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3354:
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3351:
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3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3207:Communications
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:Evangelization
3128:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2956:United Kingdom
2953:
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2936:
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2911:
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2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Nuremberg Laws
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2673:Jewish quarter
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2569:ZOG conspiracy
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:Final Solution
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Ghetto benches
2456:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2381:Jewish deicide
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
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2345:
2340:
2335:
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2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2220:Related topics
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2170:
2168:
2164:
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2161:
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2159:
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2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
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2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1981:
1970:
1969:External links
1967:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:Giovanni Romeo
1941:
1934:Giovanni Romeo
1931:
1924:Giovanni Romeo
1921:
1914:Giovanni Romeo
1911:
1904:
1897:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1843:
1828:
1813:
1804:
1785:(1): 101–103.
1765:
1746:(1): 104–107.
1726:
1713:
1704:
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1642:
1629:
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1600:
1575:
1550:
1530:
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1490:
1478:
1462:
1451:www.vatican.va
1438:
1417:
1393:
1386:Steven Kreis,
1378:
1358:
1356:
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1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1245:Guido Ruggiero
1188:Carlo Ginzburg
1179:
1176:
1172:death sentence
1164:
1161:
1110:Giordano Bruno
1101:
1098:
1036:
1033:
981:Galileo affair
976:
973:
903:Main article:
900:
897:
895:
892:
844:
841:
807:appointed one
784:
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2505:Farhud (Iraq)
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1640:3 (1). : 7–32
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1597:
1593:
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1565:on 2008-07-20
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1547:0-8018-4387-1
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1522:John Bargrave
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1249:Black Sabbath
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1237:Diane Purkiss
1234:
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1226:War on Terror
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1041:John Bargrave
1035:John Bargrave
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994:heliocentrism
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948:and that the
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927:Pope Paul III
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869:
866:of which the
865:
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860:congregations
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850:Pope Sixtus V
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27:
23:
22:
19:
3827:
3750:
3684:
3678:
3408:Disciplinary
3403:Swiss Guards
3020:21st century
3000:South Africa
2966:Labour Party
2887:21st century
2830:Saudi Arabia
2754:Yellow badge
2704:
2700:Jewish quota
2627:
2589:
2564:Yellow badge
2432:
2395:
2376:Anti-Judaism
2330:
2316:
2304:
2280:
2276:Ku Klux Klan
2251:
2227:Anti-Zionism
2211:Universities
2174:Christianity
2084:Adolf Hitler
2030:Antisemitism
1961:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1927:
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1900:
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1611:
1583:
1578:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:the original
1553:
1538:
1533:
1524:, edited by
1516:
1499:
1493:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1433:
1420:
1411:Live Science
1409:
1404:Live Science
1403:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1372:
1362:
1344:case in 1390
1272:
1257:
1254:
1240:
1230:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1169:
1166:
1146:
1103:
1067:rather than
1056:
1038:
1018:
1014:
1012:
997:
988:
966:
962:
956:
954:
935:
922:
916:
908:
884:
853:
846:
812:
802:
794:Ad abolendam
793:
786:
741:
731:
725:
723:
657:
588:
531:
490:
485:
458:
426:Disciplinary
422:Swiss Guards
18:
3936:Inquisition
3717:dicasteries
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2617:Radio Islam
2423:Blood libel
2418:Blood curse
2191:Middle Ages
2037:Core topics
1222:McCarthyism
888:unification
864:Roman Curia
829:consultants
792:papal bull
789:papal bulls
728:, formally
494:dicasteries
80:Dicasteries
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3915:Categories
3570:Alphonsian
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2094:Propaganda
1569:2008-08-27
1456:2023-02-14
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1427:Archived
1373:ewtn.com
1288:See also
1029:Florence
833:theology
809:cardinal
761:Paul III
754:doctrine
746:Holy See
589:Cor Unum
532:Consulta
35:a series
33:Part of
3864:Culture
3671:History
3600:Martyrs
3565:Arcadia
3478:Bishops
3279:Offices
3162:Bishops
3071:of the
3015:History
2951:Ukraine
2919:Romania
2904:Hungary
2894:Germany
2877:Belgium
2872:Austria
2727:Pogroms
2059:History
2044:Canards
1977:at the
1614:, 12, 5
1586:Milan:
1202:Malleus
1151:in the
1078:license
1074:Jesuits
1069:Italian
1025:Arcetri
1008:Jesuits
975:Galileo
938:Galileo
862:of the
843:History
821:prelate
748:of the
625:Culture
492:Former
452:History
293:Offices
133:Bishops
3715:Former
3707:(2022)
3701:(1988)
3695:(1967)
3689:(1588)
3490:Clergy
3343:AVEPRO
3167:Clergy
3005:Turkey
2980:Mexico
2946:Sweden
2934:Soviet
2924:Russia
2914:Norway
2899:Greece
2882:France
2867:Europe
2847:Canada
2683:Mellah
2630:(blog)
2440:Pogrom
2079:Nazism
1859:: 164.
1797:
1758:
1594:
1545:
1214:Nazism
1153:Friuli
1100:Others
1090:Leyden
1082:Geneva
1049:Modena
1045:Reggio
354:AVEPRO
145:Clergy
37:on the
3630:Latin
2975:Japan
2941:Spain
2909:Italy
2857:Chile
2852:China
2186:Islam
2143:19th
1795:S2CID
1756:S2CID
1264:Notes
1190:, in
1065:Latin
950:Earth
858:, 15
796:, by
738:Latin
3620:Life
3615:Mary
2156:21st
2151:20th
1592:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1276:The
1124:and
983:and
886:pre-
835:and
805:pope
775:and
758:Pope
724:The
1986:at
1857:524
1787:doi
1748:doi
1695:doi
1691:200
1520:by
942:sun
3917::
2145:C.
1946:,
1936:,
1926:,
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