3218:
3237:
3286:
3252:
1120:
3203:
3267:
2921:
2358:
1426:
3092:
2636:
2211:
2082:
2055:
1868:
1589:
1561:
1352:
3188:
2669:
1148:
1089:
2828:
2285:
2247:
2796:
2178:
2027:
1937:
1905:
1812:
1307:
1275:
1700:
2150:
53:
3120:
1740:
1165:
837:
699:
1132:
2595:
2321:
2001:
1969:
1840:
1529:
3020:
2115:
1780:
3051:
2993:
2966:
2889:
2856:
2756:
2729:
2702:
2559:
2522:
2494:
2466:
2428:
2384:
1672:
1645:
1492:
1459:
1389:
898:
3173:
1017:
The Romans believed that all authority came from the people. It could be said that similar language seen in more modern political and social revolutions directly comes from this usage. People in this sense meant the whole government. The latter, however, was essentially divided into the aristocratic
3217:
4280:
4239:
3236:
4288:
4235:
3285:
4556:
4404:
3776:
3799:
603:
1111:
In business, in
English-speaking countries, SPQR is sometimes (humorously) used to mean "Small Profits, Quick Returns", often by people who have studied Latin at school.
1041:(180–192) paid for his donatives and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order, and on many inscriptions, the traditional order is provocatively reversed (
3392:
3251:
3346:
4443:
4985:
5027:
5015:
3618:
5074:
3266:
4990:
3682:
3202:
6362:
5000:
1104:" (literally: "They're crazy, these Romans"). SPQR is also part of the coat of arms of the Capital Military Command of the Italian army (Italian:
3929:
6307:
4995:
4729:
4187:
3899:
3749:
3596:
3563:
3409:
596:
200:
6277:
5102:
4629:
3968:
190:
6367:
6242:
5395:
4370:
3990:
4948:
3187:
3172:
361:
4619:
2306:
183:
166:
955:
in Roman literature is a phrase meaning the government of the People. When the Romans named governments of foreign states, they used
658:. It appears on documents made public by an inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and on some
6388:
6287:
5047:
4614:
4609:
4585:
4436:
3772:
1204:
884:
746:
589:
161:
3810:
6302:
4975:
4624:
4551:
4410:
1410:
1057:
struck coins in the name of the SENATVS P Q R. From 1414 until 1517, the Roman Senate struck coins with a shield inscribed SPQR.
178:
4210:"Sala Rady (Senatu) w Ratuszu Staromiejskim – Atrakcje Torunia – Przewodnik po Toruniu | Toruń Tour Toruński Portal Turystyczny"
3854:
4568:
4501:
4076:
4024:
171:
5322:
5247:
5005:
3533:
3488:
1186:
862:
724:
2269:
4416:
5818:
3727:
3224:
3151:
SPQR is often used to represent the Roman Empire and Roman
Republic, such as in video games and movies. In the 2000 movie
2444:
3317:
1888:
On the Opera, Theater and some other major buildings. Inscribed on a shield on coins struck in Ghent in 1583, during the
5658:
5262:
4714:
4429:
1513:
576:
6357:
1066:
6282:
6041:
5097:
4980:
4526:
3339:
1617:
1100:
of Rome in official documents. The
Italians have long used a different and humorous expansion of this abbreviation, "
847:
709:
6317:
5981:
5873:
5643:
5415:
5237:
5145:
5010:
4953:
4133:
1629:
374:
1175:
866:
851:
728:
713:
6337:
5430:
5385:
5312:
5232:
5180:
5170:
5122:
4469:
3257:
1096:
Even in contemporary usage, SPQR is still used in the municipal coat of arms of Rome and as abbreviation for the
912:, from around 80 BC onwards. Previously, the official name of the Roman state, as evidenced on coins, was simply
439:
141:
3626:
2616:
5938:
5848:
5357:
5337:
5332:
5317:
5270:
5210:
5165:
4967:
637:
43:
4209:
1119:
6347:
6327:
6267:
6257:
6247:
5653:
5342:
5242:
5222:
5137:
5127:
4832:
4772:
4464:
1006:: "the army, rule, judgments, offices, consuls and will of the Roman people". They appear in early Latin as
477:
6352:
6342:
6292:
6272:
6086:
6061:
6026:
5908:
5633:
5280:
5042:
4573:
3376:
3076:
1953:
672:
3674:
2410:
6393:
6322:
6252:
6076:
5828:
5628:
5623:
5420:
5327:
5252:
5215:
5200:
5175:
5155:
5057:
3153:
1182:
917:
858:
798:
720:
31:
3649:
3921:
665:
The full phrase appears in Roman political, legal, and historical literature, such as the speeches of
6398:
6332:
6297:
5986:
5976:
5853:
5753:
5678:
5543:
5506:
4882:
4546:
4046:
3556:
2405:
119:
4179:
3891:
3757:
3588:
3417:
3161:) has "SPQR" tattooed on his upper arm, which he removes by scraping after he is sold into slavery.
6262:
6111:
5913:
5783:
5733:
5052:
4649:
3372:
3292:
2942:
2812:
1745:
820:
254:
3960:
6312:
6036:
5843:
5698:
5638:
5558:
5501:
5365:
4601:
4580:
4325:
4308:
4161:
3386:
2946:
1724:
512:
151:
5951:
4394:
1147:
5946:
5798:
5553:
5513:
5491:
4699:
4153:
4145:
3243:
3072:
1764:
1625:
1373:
972:
939:
431:
424:
227:
6011:
5971:
5903:
5838:
5763:
5758:
5530:
5453:
5400:
5195:
5190:
5079:
4938:
4887:
4847:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4797:
4719:
4666:
4659:
4644:
4639:
4563:
4491:
4384:
4350:
4317:
4137:
3432:
3273:
2950:
2230:
1772:
1545:
1070:
553:
547:
540:
526:
355:
334:
279:
264:
259:
244:
128:
4262:
1223:
is sometimes used as an assertion of municipal pride and civic rights. The
Italian town of
1088:
6106:
5918:
5898:
5858:
5793:
5743:
5738:
5613:
5563:
5471:
5305:
5285:
5205:
4654:
4479:
4124:
Dilke, O. A. W.; Dilke, Margaret S. (October 1961). "Terracina and the
Pomptine Marshes".
2905:
2620:
1985:
1328:
1124:
1054:
908:
The title's date of establishment is unknown, but it first appears in inscriptions of the
269:
3345:(in Italian). S.P.Q.R. – ROMA CAPITALE – MUNICIPIO ROMA CENTRO STORICO. 2 February 2011.
6161:
5803:
5538:
5486:
5458:
5405:
5390:
5370:
5185:
5160:
5117:
5107:
4933:
4907:
4837:
4822:
4787:
4747:
4508:
2833:
2721:
2674:
2580:
2290:
2277:
2252:
1291:
1082:
902:
659:
655:
643:
558:
505:
349:
324:
233:
81:
17:
6382:
5693:
5663:
5578:
5112:
5089:
4902:
4757:
4742:
4689:
4496:
4329:
4165:
4068:
3846:
3455:
3209:
3179:
3158:
2985:
1705:
1381:
1224:
1074:
909:
823:
as "The Roman Senate and People", or more freely as "The Senate and People of Rome".
454:
304:
72:
3818:
The letters SPQL also occasionally appear in imitation of the SPQR of ancient Rome.
1014:, so the habit of thinking of themselves as free and sovereign was quite ingrained.
6171:
6031:
5476:
5425:
5380:
5375:
5227:
5037:
4923:
4867:
4862:
4752:
4634:
4518:
4452:
4306:
Beneš, Carrie E. (2009). "Whose SPQR? Sovereignty and semiotics in medieval Rome".
4016:
2820:
2134:
1889:
1140:
1078:
1019:
928:
921:
774:
367:
319:
289:
215:
90:
3525:
3480:
819:: the "Roman Senate and People", taken as a whole. Thus, the phrase is translated
5966:
5588:
5410:
5300:
4694:
4099:
2926:
2801:
2363:
2183:
2032:
1942:
1921:
1910:
1817:
1431:
1332:
1312:
1280:
1164:
836:
698:
410:
52:
3950:
Italian
Coinage Medieval to Modern, The Collection of Ercole Gnecchi, coin 3683
3719:
1131:
6191:
6131:
6096:
5888:
5823:
5813:
5708:
5593:
5481:
5064:
5032:
4777:
4704:
4536:
4531:
4321:
4141:
3313:
3277:
2543:
2342:
2170:
1621:
994:, the "dignity, majesty, authority, freedom of the Roman people". They were a
770:
624:
491:
221:
101:
4149:
6221:
6216:
6176:
6101:
6071:
6051:
5928:
5868:
5778:
5728:
5723:
5648:
5608:
5496:
5466:
5275:
5150:
4943:
4827:
4802:
4681:
4355:
4338:
4157:
2958:
2913:
2788:
2628:
2587:
2238:
2155:
1929:
1897:
1451:
1299:
1233:. There have been confirmed usages and reports of the deployment of the "SPQ
1152:
812:
563:
533:
399:
381:
344:
4389:
2313:
2107:
897:
4343:
Bulletin of the
Institute of Classical Studies of the University of London
803:
783:
765:
27:
Latin initialism referring to the government of the ancient Roman
Republic
6181:
6166:
6156:
6141:
6056:
6046:
6016:
6006:
6001:
5991:
5893:
5808:
5688:
5673:
5603:
5583:
5573:
5568:
5548:
5347:
4928:
4892:
4782:
4709:
4541:
3084:
3043:
3012:
2486:
2142:
2074:
1832:
1804:
1756:
1581:
1038:
1030:, "committee of the centuries", whose will came to be safeguarded by the
978:
The Roman people appear very often in law and history in such phrases as
945:
794:
498:
388:
299:
210:
108:
6201:
6196:
6186:
6151:
6146:
6136:
6081:
6066:
5883:
5878:
5863:
5833:
5788:
5768:
5748:
5703:
5435:
5290:
5069:
4877:
4872:
4762:
3193:
3125:
3097:
2848:
2772:
2694:
2661:
2641:
2600:
2350:
2326:
2216:
2087:
2060:
2047:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1974:
1961:
1873:
1845:
1718:
1692:
1664:
1594:
1566:
1534:
1484:
1357:
1344:
1267:
1189: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1031:
1023:
933:
484:
463:
314:
294:
4421:
6211:
6091:
6021:
5961:
5956:
5923:
5683:
5668:
5618:
5598:
5020:
4897:
4792:
3112:
3025:
2514:
2458:
2376:
2203:
2120:
1785:
1732:
1553:
1521:
1336:
1097:
666:
519:
309:
808:
789:
967:
is the established adjective used to distinguish the Romans, as in
5996:
5718:
5445:
4737:
3228:
3056:
2998:
2971:
2894:
2881:
2861:
2780:
2761:
2748:
2734:
2707:
2564:
2527:
2499:
2471:
2433:
2420:
2389:
1860:
1677:
1650:
1637:
1497:
1464:
1418:
1394:
1146:
1130:
1118:
1087:
896:
760:
4186:. Con il patrocinio del Comune di Tivoli Assessorato al Turismo.
6206:
5773:
5713:
5295:
2551:
682:
30:
This article is about the Latin initialism. For other uses, see
4425:
4767:
1158:
830:
692:
654:), is an emblematic phrase referring to the government of the
470:
417:
2229:
Over the painting of Jesus in the back reception room inside
2843:
On the crest of
Pilning & Severn Beach Parish Council.
1227:, for instance, has SPQR in its coat of arms, standing for
2779:
On the coat of arms. Present also in the modern composite
1827:
1073:, SPQR was emblazoned on a number of public buildings and
1000:
exercitus, imperium, iudicia, honorēs, consulēs, voluntās
3809:. The Corporation of the City of London. Archived from
920:(ruled 312–337 AD), the first Roman emperor to support
3555:
International Council on Monuments and Sites (2003).
3991:"Forum Romanum: Modell-Ausstellung im Hirsvogelsaal"
2165:
On a monument outside of the city's "casco urbano".
6230:
6124:
5937:
5529:
5522:
5444:
5356:
5261:
5136:
5088:
4966:
4916:
4855:
4846:
4728:
4680:
4600:
4517:
4478:
3378:
Handbuch der theoretischen und praktischen Heraldik
3340:"OGGETTO: Revoca deleghe Consigliera Nathalie Naim"
2042:On the face of the town hall at the "Grote Markt".
3847:"Holstentor – SPQL: Senatus Populusque Lubecensis"
3619:"SPQB sign on the court of Justice of Brussels"
3071:In several places and buildings, including the
4411:Lewis & Short dictionary entry for populus
937:representatives of the people even though the
644:[s̠ɛˈnäːt̪ʊs̠pɔpʊˈɫ̪ʊs̠kʷɛroːˈmäːnʊs̠]
4437:
4062:
4060:
2656:On its water pump next to the market square.
2542:Inscribed on a shield on coins struck during
943:, or decrees of the Senate, were made at the
597:
8:
916:. The abbreviation last appears on coins of
4339:"Res publica, forma rei publicae, and SPQR"
3404:
3402:
3314:"Roma Capitale – Sito Istituzionale – Home"
3133:
3064:
2934:
2869:
2769:
2682:
2649:
2608:
2572:
2535:
2448:
2447:struck coins at Milan with the inscription
2397:
2334:
2298:
2261:
2191:
2095:
1881:
1793:
1753:
1713:
1608:
1602:
1505:
1472:
1439:
1402:
1365:
1320:
1228:
865:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
727:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
670:
629:
5526:
4852:
4484:
4444:
4430:
4422:
3834:. London: Forgotten Books. pp. 156–7.
3391:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3157:, the Roman general Maximus (portrayed by
1446:On the Webern-Brunnen in Steinenvorstadt.
1409:On the wall above the south loggia of the
1241:
927:This signature continued in use under the
604:
590:
38:
4354:
3650:"Biking the Boulevards with Jeffery Baer"
1205:Learn how and when to remove this message
885:Learn how and when to remove this message
801:the two nominative nouns. The last word,
747:Learn how and when to remove this message
4417:Polybius on the Senate and People (6.16)
4236:"Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes"
3431:de Cleen, Marjolein (24 February 2023).
1376:and other public buildings and schools.
1092:Modern coat of arms of Rome municipality
3305:
3242:"Superiority of the warrior class", by
3168:
2579:On the coat of arms. and the façade of
1018:Senate, whose will was executed by the
963:, "the governments of the Old Latins".
781:is compounded from the nominative noun
446:
398:
333:
278:
243:
199:
150:
63:
41:
4405:Instances of "Roman Senate and People"
4242:from the original on 22 September 2013
3798:Corporation of London Records Office.
3779:from the original on 25 September 2015
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3384:
652: "The Senate and People of Rome"
4261:Gallardo, Elena (27 September 2008).
4190:from the original on 25 December 2008
2619:(one of the major bridges over river
642:
7:
4079:from the original on 4 November 2012
4027:from the original on 26 January 2019
3857:from the original on 9 December 2019
3730:from the original on 3 November 2008
3685:from the original on 27 January 2018
3557:"Evaluations of Cultural Properties"
3536:from the original on 8 February 2007
3352:from the original on 29 October 2019
3320:from the original on 18 October 2019
3223:Detail from the mosaic floor in the
2876:On the historic banner of the city.
1795:Senatus Populusque Florianopolitanus
1187:adding citations to reliable sources
863:adding citations to reliable sources
725:adding citations to reliable sources
3750:"De Ambtsketen Van De Burgemeester"
3196:cover in Rome with SPQR inscription
959:in the singular or plural, such as
931:. The emperors were considered the
679:Books from the Founding of the City
648:
2263:Senatus Populusque Liverpudliensis
1322:Senatus Populusque Amstelodamensis
25:
3971:from the original on 26 July 2020
3932:from the original on 26 July 2020
3902:from the original on 26 July 2020
3706:Coinage of the European Continent
3599:from the original on 26 July 2020
3569:from the original on 23 June 2020
3526:"Rome – Historical Flags (Italy)"
3491:from the original on 4 March 2016
3416:. 2 December 2006. Archived from
2610:Senatus Populusque Norimbergensis
1855:Above the door of the town hall.
1727:Cook County Criminal Courthouse.
3284:
3265:
3250:
3235:
3216:
3201:
3186:
3171:
3118:
3090:
3049:
3018:
2991:
2964:
2919:
2887:
2854:
2826:
2794:
2754:
2727:
2700:
2667:
2651:Senatus Populusque Odenburgensis
2634:
2593:
2557:
2520:
2492:
2464:
2426:
2382:
2356:
2319:
2283:
2245:
2209:
2198:On the mayor's chain of office.
2176:
2148:
2113:
2080:
2053:
2025:
1999:
1967:
1935:
1903:
1866:
1838:
1810:
1778:
1738:
1698:
1687:Can be found on manhole covers.
1670:
1643:
1587:
1559:
1527:
1507:Senatus Populusque Bonononiensis
1490:
1457:
1424:
1411:Piazza del Popolo, Ascoli Piceno
1387:
1350:
1305:
1273:
1163:
998:, "a free people". There was an
835:
697:
51:
3410:"Heraldic symbols of Amsterdam"
2904:On the base of a statue of the
2300:Senatus Populusque Londiniensis
2129:Senatus Populusque Cracoviensis
1626:hemicycle of the Belgian Senate
1604:Senatus Populusque Bruxellensis
1474:Senatus Populusque Beneventanus
1367:Senatus Populusque Antverpensis
1174:needs additional citations for
1137:Senatus Populusque Cracoviensis
4281:"Le Grand-Théâtre de Verviers"
3832:Regal Armorie of Great Britain
3752:[The Mayor's Office].
3034:Senatus Populusque Thorunensis
2871:Senatus Populusque Hispalensis
2684:Senatus Populusque Olomucensis
2399:Senatus Populusque Matritensis
2097:Senatus Populusque Cortoriacum
1883:Senatus Populusque Gandavensis
1151:"SPQN" on the Charles Bridge,
1:
3997:(in German). 14 December 2017
3487:(in German). 1 January 2003.
3433:"Stadsschouwburg Leidseplein"
3225:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
3135:Senatus Populusque Viennensis
3066:Senatus Populusque Valentinus
2336:Senatus Populusque Lubecensis
1077:in an attempt to promote his
5016:Frontiers and fortifications
4395:Resources in other libraries
4067:mypixbox (5 December 2007).
3454:Woesinger (5 January 2007).
3208:SPQR in the coat of arms of
2450:S P Q Mediol Optimo Principi
2445:Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
2305:On historic variants of the
2225:Senatus Populusque Leuvensis
2193:Senatus Populusque Leovardia
1624:, and on the ceiling of the
1514:Fountain of Neptune, Bologna
1230:Senatus Populusque Regiensis
1037:One of the ways the emperor
5075:Decorations and punishments
4287:(in French). Archived from
4214:Toruński Portal Turystyczny
3483:[Webern Fountain].
3291:Mural in the Burgerzaal of
2936:Senatus Populusque Solodori
2537:Senatus Populusque Neāpolis
1610:Senatus Populusque Belgicus
6415:
5982:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
4557:historiography of the fall
4134:Cambridge University Press
3756:(in Dutch). Archived from
3562:. UNESCO. pp. 39–42.
2811:On a wall painting in the
1920:Above the entrance of the
1441:Senatus Populusque Basilea
1404:Senatus Populusque Asculum
961:populī Prīscōrum Latīnōrum
631:Senatus Populusque Romanus
29:
6363:External wars and battles
4487:
4460:
4390:Resources in your library
4322:10.1017/s0038713400208130
4142:10.1017/S0017383500014406
3258:Arch of Septimius Severus
2268:On various gold doors in
1620:, over the main stage of
1106:Comando Militare Capitale
949:pleasure of the emperor.
901:A modern recreation of a
440:Senatus consultum ultimum
335:Extraordinary magistrates
6389:Ancient Roman government
4337:Moatti, Claudia (2017).
4238:. Cervantesvirtual.com.
3845:Roberto (1 March 2007).
2574:Senatus Populusque Netum
1616:Found repeatedly on the
1139:" over the Waza Gate in
1102:Sono Pazzi Questi Romani
44:Politics of ancient Rome
6358:Roman–Iranian relations
4833:Optimates and populares
4356:10.1111/2041-5370.12046
3178:The inscription in the
1262:Where has it been used
1053:Beginning in 1184, the
815:modifying the whole of
773:singular noun meaning "
18:Roman Senate and People
6368:Civil wars and revolts
5634:Sextus Pompeius Festus
5281:Conflict of the Orders
4640:Legislative assemblies
4098:Moree (17 June 2008).
4017:"Stadspomp, Oudenburg"
3830:Brunet, Alex (2013) .
3816:on 27 September 2011.
3381:. Munich. p. 106.
3373:von Hefner, Otto Titan
3134:
3107:On the Grand Theatre.
3077:University of Valencia
3065:
2935:
2870:
2770:
2683:
2650:
2609:
2573:
2536:
2449:
2398:
2335:
2299:
2262:
2192:
2133:Over the Waza Gate in
2096:
1954:Koninklijke Schouwburg
1882:
1794:
1754:
1714:
1609:
1603:
1506:
1473:
1440:
1403:
1366:
1321:
1229:
1156:
1144:
1128:
1093:
992:lībertās populī Rōmānī
905:
671:
630:
201:Political institutions
6077:Simplicius of Cilicia
5829:Quintus Curtius Rufus
5058:Siege in Ancient Rome
4667:Executive magistrates
4051:Heraldry of the World
3965:Heraldry of the World
3926:Heraldry of the World
3896:Heraldry of the World
3880:. p. 19. coin 4.
3593:Heraldry of the World
3272:Dedicatory plaque to
2689:On its coat of arms.
2509:On the coat of arms.
2481:On the coat of arms.
1576:On its coat of arms.
1290:On the façade of the
1150:
1134:
1122:
1091:
1043:Populus Senatusque...
918:Constantine the Great
900:
673:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
32:SPQR (disambiguation)
6087:Stephanus Byzantinus
5992:Eusebius of Caesaria
5854:Sidonius Apollinaris
5544:Ammianus Marcellinus
4883:Tribune of the plebs
4291:on 12 November 2014.
3878:The Coinage of Milan
3532:. 14 November 2003.
3485:Basler Brunnenführer
3420:on 10 December 2006.
2623:in the inner city).
1723:Can be found on the
1183:improve this article
859:improve this section
797:meaning "and" which
787:, "the People", and
721:improve this section
280:Ordinary magistrates
6263:Distinguished women
5914:Velleius Paterculus
5754:Nicolaus Damascenus
5734:Marcellus Empiricus
5123:Republican currency
4180:"Walking in Pomata"
3807:cityoflondon.gov.uk
3293:Rotterdam City Hall
3079:Historic Building.
2813:Rotterdam City Hall
2771:Senatus Populusque
2307:City's coat of arms
1952:Above the stage in
1755:Senatus Populusque
1630:Palais de la Nation
1479:On manhole covers.
6037:Phlegon of Tralles
5844:Seneca the Younger
5318:Naming conventions
5048:Personal equipment
4581:Later Roman Empire
3773:"St George's Hall"
3754:gemeentearchief.nl
3704:Carew Hazlitt, W.
3530:Flags of the World
3140:Schönbrunn Palace
1725:George N. Leighton
1715:Senatus Populusque
1157:
1145:
1129:
1094:
1028:comitia centuriāta
906:
827:Historical context
817:Senātus Populusque
513:Triumvir monetalis
447:Titles and honours
6376:
6375:
6338:Pontifices maximi
6120:
6119:
5977:Diogenes Laërtius
5799:Pliny the Younger
5554:Asconius Pedianus
5514:Romance languages
5386:Civil engineering
5128:Imperial currency
5001:Political control
4962:
4961:
4596:
4595:
4371:Library resources
4285:bestofverviers.be
4126:Greece & Rome
4053:. 20 August 2023.
3775:. BBC Liverpool.
3589:"Crest of Brugge"
3244:Wenceslaus Hollar
3144:
3143:
2415:, built in 1780.
1984:On a door in the
1767:, built in 1769.
1618:Palais de Justice
1607:(of the city) or
1374:Antwerp City Hall
1215:
1214:
1207:
895:
894:
887:
795:enclitic particle
757:
756:
749:
614:
613:
432:Quaestio perpetua
425:Senatus consultum
228:Roman citizenship
16:(Redirected from
6406:
6328:Magistri equitum
6243:Cities and towns
6236:
6162:Constantinopolis
5972:Diodorus Siculus
5904:Valerius Maximus
5839:Seneca the Elder
5759:Nonius Marcellus
5527:
5080:Hippika gymnasia
5043:Infantry tactics
4949:Consular tribune
4939:Magister equitum
4888:Military tribune
4853:
4813:Pontifex maximus
4808:Princeps senatus
4798:Magister militum
4564:Byzantine Empire
4485:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4423:
4360:
4358:
4333:
4293:
4292:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3760:on 19 July 2011.
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3629:on 17 April 2010
3625:. Archived from
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3522:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3481:"Webern-Brunnen"
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3382:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3288:
3274:Federico Fellini
3269:
3254:
3239:
3220:
3205:
3190:
3175:
3137:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3068:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3024:
3022:
3021:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2938:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2873:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2776:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2686:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2653:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2612:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2576:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2546:'s 1647 revolt.
2539:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2338:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2270:St George's Hall
2265:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2231:Leuven Town Hall
2215:
2213:
2212:
2195:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2099:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1885:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1797:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1760:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1717:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1613:(of the country)
1612:
1606:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1546:Bremen City Hall
1533:
1531:
1530:
1509:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1476:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1443:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1406:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1369:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1335:and some of the
1324:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1256:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1221:
1210:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1167:
1159:
1143:, Kraków, Poland
1115:Civic references
1083:New Roman Empire
1071:Benito Mussolini
940:senātūs consulta
890:
883:
879:
876:
870:
839:
831:
752:
745:
741:
738:
732:
701:
693:
676:
653:
650:
646:
641:
633:
606:
599:
592:
548:Pontifex maximus
541:Princeps senatus
527:Magister militum
362:Consular tribune
356:Magister equitum
184:Augustan reforms
55:
39:
21:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6116:
5952:Aëtius of Amida
5933:
5919:Verrius Flaccus
5899:Valerius Antias
5859:Silius Italicus
5794:Pliny the Elder
5739:Marcus Aurelius
5614:Cornelius Nepos
5564:Aurelius Victor
5518:
5440:
5352:
5286:Secessio plebis
5257:
5132:
5084:
4958:
4912:
4842:
4724:
4676:
4592:
4513:
4474:
4456:
4450:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4336:
4305:
4302:
4300:Further reading
4297:
4296:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4066:
4065:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4023:. 30 May 2009.
4015:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3813:
3802:
3800:"The City Arms"
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:Coslett, Paul.
3770:
3769:
3765:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3724:Nefers Hapiland
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3679:gevelstenen.net
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3524:
3523:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3383:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3280:
3270:
3261:
3260:top inscription
3255:
3246:
3240:
3231:
3221:
3212:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3182:
3176:
3167:
3149:
3147:Popular culture
3119:
3117:
3091:
3089:
3050:
3048:
3019:
3017:
2992:
2990:
2965:
2963:
2920:
2918:
2906:Capitoline Wolf
2888:
2886:
2855:
2853:
2827:
2825:
2795:
2793:
2755:
2753:
2728:
2726:
2701:
2699:
2668:
2666:
2635:
2633:
2594:
2592:
2558:
2556:
2521:
2519:
2493:
2491:
2465:
2463:
2427:
2425:
2408:
2406:Fuente de Apolo
2383:
2381:
2357:
2355:
2320:
2318:
2284:
2282:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2210:
2208:
2177:
2175:
2149:
2147:
2114:
2112:
2081:
2079:
2054:
2052:
2026:
2024:
2000:
1998:
1986:Hamburg Rathaus
1968:
1966:
1936:
1934:
1904:
1902:
1867:
1865:
1839:
1837:
1811:
1809:
1779:
1777:
1739:
1737:
1699:
1697:
1671:
1669:
1644:
1642:
1588:
1586:
1560:
1558:
1528:
1526:
1491:
1489:
1458:
1456:
1425:
1423:
1388:
1386:
1351:
1349:
1329:Stadsschouwburg
1306:
1304:
1274:
1272:
1255:
1252:
1239:" template in:
1237:
1234:
1219:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1168:
1125:Hamburg Rathaus
1117:
1063:
1055:Commune of Rome
1051:
953:Populus Rōmānus
891:
880:
874:
871:
856:
840:
829:
753:
742:
736:
733:
718:
702:
691:
651:
638:Classical Latin
636:
610:
581:
577:Other countries
568:
437:
394:
329:
274:
239:
195:
172:Sullan republic
137:
133:
124:
115:
111:
104:
94:
85:
76:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6412:
6410:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6237:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5804:Pomponius Mela
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5539:Aelius Donatus
5535:
5533:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5507:Ecclesiastical
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5248:Toys and games
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
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4788:Vigintisexviri
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4748:Cursus honorum
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4407:on Perseus.edu
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4365:External links
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4316:(4): 874–904.
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3876:Potter, W. J.
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3708:. p. 216.
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5694:Julius Paulus
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5629:Fabius Pictor
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5366:Amphitheatres
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5103:Deforestation
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5081:
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5053:Siege engines
5051:
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5007:
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5002:
4999:
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4994:
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4989:
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4986:Establishment
4984:
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4979:
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4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4952:
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4917:Extraordinary
4915:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4903:Promagistrate
4901:
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4889:
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4876:
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4858:
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4851:
4849:
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4839:
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4831:
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4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
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4799:
4796:
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4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
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4771:
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4766:
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4756:
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4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:Twelve Tables
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
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4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4587:
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4583:
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4579:
4575:
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4570:
4567:
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4565:
4562:
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4357:
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4228:
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4205:
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4189:
4185:
4184:Tibursuperbum
4181:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
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4147:
4143:
4139:
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4105:
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3996:
3995:nordbayern.de
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3726:(in German).
3725:
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3697:
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3259:
3253:
3248:
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3230:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3210:Reggio Emilia
3204:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3180:Arch of Titus
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3159:Russell Crowe
3156:
3155:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
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3116:
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3110:
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3104:
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3099:
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3078:
3074:
3073:Silk Exchange
3070:
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3063:
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3047:
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3042:
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3027:
3016:
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3007:
3005:
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3000:
2989:
2987:
2986:Tivoli, Lazio
2984:
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2064:
2062:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
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1799:
1796:
1792:
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1787:
1776:
1774:
1773:Florianópolis
1771:
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1766:
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1759:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:United States
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
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1422:
1420:
1417:
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1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1382:Ascoli Piceno
1380:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1226:
1225:Reggio Emilia
1222:
1209:
1206:
1198:
1195:February 2018
1188:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:This section
1170:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:of this same
1001:
997:
996:populus līber
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
973:Roman citizen
970:
969:cīvis Rōmānus
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:Late Republic
904:
899:
889:
886:
878:
868:
864:
860:
854:
853:
849:
844:This section
842:
838:
833:
832:
826:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
762:
751:
748:
740:
730:
726:
722:
716:
715:
711:
706:This section
704:
700:
695:
694:
688:
686:
684:
680:
675:
674:
668:
663:
661:
657:
645:
639:
634:
632:
626:
622:
618:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
587:
585:
584:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:
545:
543:
542:
538:
536:
535:
531:
529:
528:
524:
522:
521:
517:
515:
514:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
493:
489:
487:
486:
482:
480:
479:
475:
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472:
468:
466:
465:
461:
460:
456:
453:
452:
451:
450:
445:
442:
441:
434:
433:
429:
427:
426:
422:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
407:
405:
404:
401:
397:
391:
390:
386:
384:
383:
379:
377:
376:
372:
370:
369:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
340:
339:
336:
332:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
305:Promagistrate
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
285:
284:
281:
277:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
250:
249:
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242:
236:
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231:
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208:
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205:
202:
198:
192:
189:
185:
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181:
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177:
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170:
169:
168:
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163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
149:
144:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
110:
107:
103:
100:
99:
93:
92:
88:
84:
83:
79:
75:
74:
73:Roman Kingdom
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6394:Latin mottos
6308:Institutions
6172:Leptis Magna
6125:Major cities
6032:Philostratus
5819:Quadrigarius
5639:Rufus Festus
5502:Contemporary
5223:Romanization
5146:Architecture
4753:Collegiality
4671:
4602:Constitution
4453:Ancient Rome
4385:Online books
4375:
4349:(1): 34–48.
4346:
4342:
4313:
4307:
4289:the original
4284:
4275:
4266:
4256:
4244:. Retrieved
4230:
4218:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4192:. Retrieved
4183:
4174:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4103:
4093:
4081:. Retrieved
4072:
4050:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4020:
4011:
4001:26 September
3999:. Retrieved
3994:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3964:
3955:
3946:
3934:. Retrieved
3925:
3916:
3904:. Retrieved
3895:
3886:
3877:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3850:
3840:
3831:
3825:
3817:
3811:the original
3806:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3766:
3758:the original
3753:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3723:
3714:
3705:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3678:
3669:
3657:. Retrieved
3653:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3627:the original
3622:
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3592:
3583:
3571:. Retrieved
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3529:
3493:. Retrieved
3484:
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3459:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3426:
3418:the original
3413:
3377:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3308:
3152:
3150:
3033:
2924:
2821:Severn Beach
2361:
2224:
2135:Wawel Castle
2128:
1890:Dutch Revolt
1429:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1192:
1181:Please help
1176:verification
1173:
1141:Wawel Castle
1136:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1079:dictatorship
1064:
1052:
1049:Medieval use
1042:
1036:
1027:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
977:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:
944:
938:
932:
929:Roman Empire
926:
922:Christianity
913:
907:
881:
872:
857:Please help
845:
816:
802:
788:
782:
778:
764:
758:
743:
734:
719:Please help
707:
678:
664:
628:
620:
616:
615:
546:
539:
532:
525:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
438:
430:
423:
416:
409:
387:
380:
373:
366:
354:
232:
220:
216:Collegiality
152:Constitution
140:
129:
120:
91:Roman Empire
89:
80:
71:
36:
6399:Initialisms
6303:Geographers
5987:Dioscorides
5967:Cassius Dio
5589:Cassiodorus
5492:Renaissance
5098:Agriculture
5070:Auxiliaries
5011:Engineering
4848:Magistrates
4700:Citizenship
4695:Mos maiorum
4630:Late Empire
4246:17 February
4216:(in Polish)
4194:17 February
4136:: 172–178.
4109:17 February
4083:17 February
4031:20 December
3861:17 February
3783:17 February
3633:17 February
3603:17 February
3573:17 February
3465:17 February
3038:City Hall.
2927:Switzerland
2802:Netherlands
2409: [
2364:Switzerland
2184:Netherlands
2102:City hall.
2033:Netherlands
1943:Netherlands
1922:Der Aa-kerk
1911:Netherlands
1818:Netherlands
1432:Switzerland
1333:Leidseplein
1331:theater on
1313:Netherlands
1281:Netherlands
689:Translation
411:Mos maiorum
191:Late Empire
134:AD 395–1453
6383:Categories
6192:Mediolanum
6132:Alexandria
6097:Themistius
6062:Porphyrius
5889:Tertullian
5824:Quintilian
5814:Propertius
5709:Lactantius
5659:Fulgentius
5594:Censorinus
5416:Sanitation
5401:Metallurgy
5358:Technology
5323:Demography
5271:Patricians
5238:Spectacles
5196:Literature
5191:Hairstyles
5028:Technology
4778:Praefectus
4730:Government
4720:Litigation
4705:Auctoritas
4650:Centuriate
4537:Principate
4532:Pax Romana
4492:Foundation
3922:"Molfetta"
3689:26 January
3675:"Franeker"
3540:6 February
3495:30 October
3435:(in Dutch)
3370:See, e.g.
3356:29 October
3324:29 October
3300:References
3278:Via Veneto
2544:Masaniello
2343:Holstentor
2171:Leeuwarden
1757:Hibernicus
1622:La Monnaie
1294:building.
1067:the regime
1061:Modern use
1026:, and the
988:auctoritās
875:March 2024
811:"), is an
779:Populusque
771:nominative
625:initialism
492:Praefectus
400:Public law
255:Centuriate
245:Assemblies
222:Auctoritas
125:AD 395–476
112:AD 284–641
102:Principate
77:753–509 BC
6348:Quaestors
6278:Empresses
6268:Dynasties
6258:Dictators
6233:and other
6222:Volubilis
6217:Vindobona
6177:Londinium
6102:Theodoret
6072:Procopius
6052:Polyaenus
6027:Pausanias
5929:Vitruvius
5874:Symmachus
5869:Suetonius
5779:Petronius
5764:Obsequens
5729:Macrobius
5724:Lucretius
5649:Frontinus
5624:Eutropius
5609:Columella
5559:Augustine
5549:Appuleius
5497:Neo-Latin
5472:Classical
5463:Versions
5371:Aqueducts
5313:Patronage
5233:Sexuality
5206:Mythology
5181:Education
5171:Cosmetics
4996:Campaigns
4991:Structure
4944:Decemviri
4803:Imperator
4502:overthrow
4330:162598924
4166:162727396
4150:0017-3835
4047:"Olomouc"
3734:6 January
3720:"Hamburg"
3387:cite book
3154:Gladiator
2959:Terracina
2943:Cathedral
2914:Solothurn
2789:Rotterdam
2629:Oudenburg
2588:Nuremberg
2239:Liverpool
2156:Argentina
1930:The Hague
1898:Groningen
1765:City Hall
1452:Benevento
1300:Amsterdam
1155:, Germany
1153:Nuremberg
1127:, Germany
846:does not
821:literally
813:adjective
737:June 2019
708:does not
534:Imperator
382:Decemviri
375:Triumviri
345:Corrector
86:509–27 BC
6353:Tribunes
6343:Praetors
6293:Generals
6273:Emperors
6182:Lugdunum
6167:Eboracum
6157:Carthage
6142:Aquileia
6057:Polybius
6047:Plutarch
6017:Libanius
6007:Josephus
6002:Herodian
5894:Tibullus
5809:Priscian
5784:Phaedrus
5744:Manilius
5689:Jordanes
5674:Hydatius
5604:Claudian
5584:Catullus
5574:Boëthius
5569:Ausonius
5487:Medieval
5459:Alphabet
5431:Theatres
5406:Numerals
5391:Concrete
5381:Circuses
5348:Bagaudae
5338:Adoption
5333:Marriage
5306:Assembly
5211:Religion
5186:Folklore
5166:Clothing
5161:Calendar
5118:Currency
5108:Commerce
5006:Strategy
4968:Military
4954:Triumvir
4934:Dictator
4929:Interrex
4908:Governor
4893:Quaestor
4856:Ordinary
4838:Province
4828:Tetrarch
4818:Augustus
4783:Vicarius
4773:Officium
4710:Imperium
4660:Plebeian
4620:Republic
4542:Dominate
4509:Republic
4470:Timeline
4309:Speculum
4240:Archived
4220:10 March
4188:Archived
4158:51206579
4077:Archived
4025:Archived
3969:Archived
3930:Archived
3900:Archived
3892:"Modica"
3855:Archived
3777:Archived
3728:Archived
3683:Archived
3659:19 March
3597:Archived
3564:Archived
3534:Archived
3489:Archived
3375:(1861).
3347:Archived
3318:Archived
3085:Verviers
3075:and the
3044:Valencia
2947:St Ursus
2487:Molfetta
2143:La Plata
2075:Kortrijk
1833:Freising
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3803:(PDF)
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