233:, as a form of waterproofing, composed of gravel mortar, hydraulic lime and sand. The corners of the tanks were rounded, making them easier to clean and more hygienic. During this first phase warehouses were also erected, as were the owner's house and, possibly, workers' accommodation. There was also a fresh-water well, as yet unexcavated, that benefitted from the proximity of one of the rare springs in the area, together with a cistern.
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248:. Also during the first phase of occupation, towards the end of the 1st century AD, changes were made in the fish-processing facilities with the addition of two new tanks. These were less deep and more permeable, leading the archaeologists to believe that they were for the storage of salt and/or fish and not for the production of fish sauces and other preparations.
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The excavations suggested that the site had three phases of occupation, within which there were several phases of construction. The first phase of occupation and construction took place roughly during the third quarter of the 1st century AD. During this phase, most of the structures in the industrial
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The first phase of occupation came to an end at the end of the 1st century AD and the site appears not to have been occupied again until the middle of the 4th century. At this time construction work consisted mainly of repairs to the existing structures so fish processing could once again be carried
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The ruins were first identified by the archaeologist António Inácio
Marques da Costa in 1907. However, he provided no detailed information about the site and it was not until 1964 when his unpublished manuscripts were discovered that the nature of the site was officially known. It was only in 1987
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out. Less care was taken with the quality of the building materials used, a characteristic of the declining years of the Empire, and some materials from the first two phases of construction were recycled. Drainage of rainwater and factory waste was improved.
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Roman occupation of the Creiro complex came to an end at the end of the 4th century AD, or beginning of the 5th. In the 12th century the third phase of occupation took place, during the
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area were built, including nine fish-salting and processing tanks, with widths between 1 and 2.6 metres and depths of between 0.5 and 1 metre. These salting tanks were lined by an
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244:. Still visible are several pillars supporting the pavement under which the hot air circulated. Also visible is the marble-covered
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Tavares da Silva, Carlos; Soares, Antónia Coelho (1987). "Escavações arqueológicas no Creiro (Arrábida), Campanha de 1987".
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that the first archaeological excavation was carried out, by the Museum of
Archaeology and Ethnology of Setúbal District (
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system: a furnace in the basement heated the air, which in turn heated the floor of the bathhouse and the rooms of the
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199:. The factory at Creiro was one of the smaller but older production units for salted and pickled fish and
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209:. The Setúbal area was the Roman Empire’s most important area for fish product processing.
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led to the creation of salted-fish industries centred on the towns of Cetóbriga (now
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Also constructed at this time were heated Roman baths. These were heated using the
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In Roman times, the richness of fish and salt in the estuary of the
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that were exported throughout the Empire in specially designed
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SIPA: Sistema de
Informação para o Património Arquitetónico
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Roman Empire fish-processing factory near Setúbal, Portugal
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Museu de
Arqueologia e Etnografia do Distrito de Setúbal
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339:"Fábrica de Salga de Peixe do Creiro"
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305:"Estação Arqueológica do Creiro"
26:Estação Arqueológica do Creiro
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261:Muslim occupation of Portugal
100:Ruins from the Roman Empire
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159:above Creiro Beach in the
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81:38.4815022°N 8.9767962°W
129:Carlos Tavares da Silva
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224:Fish processing tanks
86:38.4815022; -8.9767962
427:Roman fish processing
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157:Arrábida Natural Park
153:Roman ruins of Creiro
118:Excavation dates
20:Roman ruins of Creiro
374:Setúbal Arqueológica
273:Roman ruins of Tróia
155:are situated in the
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177:Roman Empire
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246:frigidarium
201:fish sauces
169:Roman baths
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60:Coordinates
411:Categories
380:: 221–237.
279:References
189:Sado River
110:Discovered
105:Site notes
69:38°28′53″N
242:caldarium
238:hypocaust
173:Lusitania
134:Condition
72:8°58′36″W
267:See also
206:amphorae
165:Portugal
54:Portugal
45:Location
257:Almohad
193:Setúbal
183:History
195:) and
348:7 May
314:7 May
197:Tróia
378:VIII
350:2019
316:2019
151:The
137:Fair
121:1987
113:1907
97:Type
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163:of
145:Yes
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
