Knowledge (XXG)

Romanization of Macedonian

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is a standard that completely avoids digraphs and permits to romanize any Cyrillic text without knowing in what language it is. However, it is rarely used because of having unusual diacriticized letters.
201:
respectively. The most recent edition of the Macedonian orthography mentions this system as well as the digraphic system, saying that the latter is used for personal names in official documents.
175:; this system was also adopted by the Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1970, BGN/PCGN (in 2013), and ALA-LC and is taught in schools in North Macedonia It uses letters with diacritics 51:'s authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice. 71:
For a number of Cyrillic letters, transliteration into matching Latin letters is straightforward. Cyrillic а, б, в, г, д, е, з, и, к, л, м, н, о, п, р, с, т, у, ф are matched with Latin
91:, otherwise widely used in English for the rendering of the same glide sound in other languages). For other Cyrillic letters, the choice is between a single Latin letter with a 1626: 1558: 1109:
Vidoeski, B. (Б. Видоески); Dimitrovski, T. (Т. Димитровски); Koneski, K. (К. Конески); Tošev, K. (К. Тошев); Ugrinova-Skalovska, R. (Р. Угринова-Скаловска) (1970).
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UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems: Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names, Version 2.2, January 2003
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equivalents of Serbian Cyrillic ђ and ћ, which etymologically correspond to Macedonian ѓ, ќ in many words.) This convention is found in the system adopted by the
1419: 155:
has been adopted since 2008 for use in official documents such as passports, ID cards and driver's licenses. The system adopted for digraph transliteration is
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in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by
1753: 1659: 1318: 83:, matching the pronunciation in Macedonian. For the Macedonian/Serbian letter ј, the preferred transliteration is its visual Latin counterpart 1397: 1384: 1031: 1348:"ISO 9:1995: Information and Documentation — Transliteration of Cyrillic Characters Into Latin Characters — Slavic and Non-Slavic Languages" 1282: 598: 131:, making it easier for use in environments where diacritics may pose a technical problem, such as typing on computers. Common usage has 1616: 1601: 1563: 1510: 617: 1948: 1412: 1052: 1575: 960: 904: 1063: 841: 279: 453: 269: 159:. The Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences and the State Statistical Office of North Macedonia use similar digraph system. 79:, in accordance with the conventions for many other Slavic (and non-Slavic) languages. The letter х is typically rendered as 1541: 929: 472: 1020: 1943: 1570: 1405: 879: 756: 368: 221: 1580: 699: 538: 1887: 1877: 1872: 1832: 1770: 1652: 1520: 775: 718: 557: 330: 100: 1867: 1862: 1805: 1775: 1697: 860: 794: 516: 497: 189:
for the special Macedonian letters ѓ, ќ. The palatalised consonants of Cyrillic љ, њ are rendered with digraphs
1266: 1842: 1817: 1765: 1728: 1606: 822: 1237: 1882: 1800: 1795: 1748: 1743: 1733: 579: 406: 349: 168: 1902: 1852: 1827: 1785: 1723: 1550: 1486: 1454: 1187: 425: 1917: 1847: 1822: 1738: 1687: 1645: 1515: 1481: 1476: 737: 658: 639: 303: 124: 96: 1907: 1471: 958: 927: 902: 877: 858: 839: 820: 792: 773: 754: 735: 716: 697: 677: 675: 656: 637: 615: 596: 577: 555: 536: 514: 495: 470: 451: 423: 404: 387: 385: 366: 347: 328: 1326: 1922: 1857: 1837: 1682: 1527: 1493: 1464: 1459: 1428: 1381: 995: 298: 248:
respectively in other environments. Otherwise, this system is identical to that of ISO 9 (R:1968).
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Su alcuni aspetti ideologici dei sistemi di traslitterazione degli alfabeti cirillici nei Balcani.
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Transliteration of text from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet
1668: 815: 692: 531: 323: 150: 40: 64: 44: 75:, according to all conventions. Cyrillic ц (pronounced ) is mostly rendered as 59: 1912: 1017: 179:
for Cyrillic ж, ч, ш respectively (as for many other Slavic languages), and
128: 108: 104: 92: 271:
Comparative table of some standard romanizations of the Macedonian letters
1347: 294: 1264: 232:(UNCSGN). According to this system, ѓ, ќ are transliterated as plain 1230:
Romanization System for Macedonian Cyrillic: BGN/PCGN 1981 Agreement
230:
United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographic Names
185: 1186:(in Macedonian) (2nd ed.). Skopje. p. 169. Archived from 290: 284: 263: 172: 922: 181: 99:
of two Latin letters. This goes mainly for the letters denoting
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The palatal plosives ѓ, ќ are also sometimes rendered as Latin
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Institut za makedonski jazik "Krste Misirkov (2015–2016).
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in Macedonian Cyrillic (above) with romanization (below)
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a, b, v, g, d, e, z, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, f
43:
can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of
1174:
Institut za makedonski jazik "Krste Misirkov" (2017).
193:(although the academic orthography also permits using 1116:(in Macedonian). Skopje: Prosvetno delo. p. 99. 1711: 1675: 1589: 1549: 1442: 197:), and the voiced affricates of Cyrillic ѕ, џ with 147:for ц. Such a diacritic-free system, with digraphs 259:for the palatal plosives on its official website. 167:A standardized system of transliteration based on 251:The Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences uses 1432: 1653: 1413: 8: 1081:Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language 1660: 1646: 1638: 1420: 1406: 1398: 1210:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1159:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1114:Правопис на македонскиот литературен јазик 1111:Pravopis na makedonskiot literaturen jazik 1093:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1013: 1011: 228:in 1981, (before 2013) as well as by the 171:has been used since 1950s and defined in 1377:, London: British Standards Institution. 1287:Транслитерација на македонската кирилица 1284:Transliteracija na makedonskata kirilica 58: 1323:Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts 1007: 1203: 1152: 1086: 1050:Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 1223: 1221: 1149:(in Macedonian). Skopje. p. 167. 317: 314: 311: 302: 289: 283: 278: 275: 7: 1676:By publisher (for several languages) 1259: 1257: 240:before front vowels (е, и), but as 103:consonants, and for those denoting 14: 1375:British Standard 2979 : 1958 293:(1968), National Academy (1970), 1540: 1319:"Full and Corresponding Members" 1293:(in Macedonian). Archived from 1250:– via earth-info.nga.mil. 1180:Правопис на македонскиот јазик 1177:Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik 1147:Правопис на македонскиот јазик 1144:Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik 1: 1712:By language or writing system 1394:XII (2015). pp. 159–180. 1128:Da čitame i pišuvame Latinica 312:Official Documents/Cadastre 222:US Board on Geographic Names 33:Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet 1107:Macedonian Latin alphabet, 1029:ICAO Doc 9303 (page 33, 34) 1967: 951: 920: 895: 870: 851: 832: 813: 785: 766: 747: 728: 709: 690: 668: 649: 630: 608: 589: 570: 548: 529: 507: 488: 463: 444: 416: 397: 378: 359: 340: 321: 274: 21:romanization of Macedonian 1559:Geographical distribution 1538: 1433: 1132:, primary school textbook 969: 966: 938: 913: 910: 885: 866: 847: 828: 806: 800: 781: 762: 743: 724: 705: 686: 664: 645: 626: 604: 585: 566: 544: 525: 503: 481: 478: 459: 437: 431: 412: 393: 374: 355: 336: 1949:Romanization of Cyrillic 1607:Macedonian Sign Language 1286: 1179: 1146: 1113: 1079:Lunt, Horace G. (1952). 1061:State Statistical Office 224:(BGN) and the British 68: 143:for џ, and sometimes 62: 169:Gaj's Latin alphabet 153:, dj, gj, kj, lj, nj 55:Romanization systems 1944:Macedonian language 1429:Macedonian language 996:Macedonian alphabet 272: 115:and palatal range. 1612:Macedonian kinship 1602:Bible translations 1597:Macedonian studies 1521:Macedonian writers 1387:2016-06-24 at the 1269:2011-05-13 at the 1066:2013-09-01 at the 1055:2012-08-28 at the 1034:2017-10-19 at the 1023:2016-03-04 at the 986:Cyrillic alphabets 270: 69: 1931: 1930: 1635: 1634: 1532:Spoken Macedonian 977: 976: 135:for ѓ, ќ, either 123:This system uses 1956: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1639: 1544: 1436: 1435: 1434:македонски јазик 1422: 1415: 1408: 1399: 1392:Studi Slavistici 1376: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1325:. Archived from 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1292: 1279: 1273: 1261: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1236:. Archived from 1235: 1225: 1216: 1215: 1209: 1201: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1185: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1130:(in Macedonian). 1124: 1118: 1117: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1084: 1076: 1070: 1047: 1038: 1015: 964: 933: 908: 883: 864: 845: 826: 798: 779: 760: 741: 722: 703: 681: 662: 643: 621: 602: 583: 561: 542: 520: 501: 476: 457: 429: 410: 391: 372: 353: 334: 273: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1707: 1671: 1666: 1636: 1631: 1627:Regulatory body 1622:Political views 1585: 1545: 1536: 1438: 1426: 1389:Wayback Machine 1374: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1356: 1354: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1330: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1271:Wayback Machine 1262: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1202: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1151: 1148: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1085: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1068:Wayback Machine 1057:Wayback Machine 1048: 1041: 1036:Wayback Machine 1025:Wayback Machine 1016: 1009: 1004: 991:Cyrillic script 982: 318:Gaj's Alphabet 165: 121: 57: 49:North Macedonia 25:transliteration 17: 12: 11: 5: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1642: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1617:Naming dispute 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1378: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1339: 1310: 1274: 1253: 1217: 1166: 1134: 1119: 1100: 1071: 1039: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 998: 993: 988: 981: 978: 975: 974: 971: 968: 965: 956: 950: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 925: 919: 918: 915: 912: 909: 900: 894: 893: 890: 887: 884: 875: 869: 868: 865: 856: 850: 849: 846: 837: 831: 830: 827: 818: 812: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 790: 784: 783: 780: 771: 765: 764: 761: 752: 746: 745: 742: 733: 727: 726: 723: 714: 708: 707: 704: 695: 689: 688: 685: 682: 673: 667: 666: 663: 654: 648: 647: 644: 635: 629: 628: 625: 622: 613: 607: 606: 603: 594: 588: 587: 584: 575: 569: 568: 565: 562: 553: 547: 546: 543: 534: 528: 527: 524: 521: 512: 506: 505: 502: 493: 487: 486: 483: 480: 477: 468: 462: 461: 458: 449: 443: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 421: 415: 414: 411: 402: 396: 395: 392: 383: 377: 376: 373: 364: 358: 357: 354: 345: 339: 338: 335: 326: 320: 319: 316: 313: 310: 301: 288: 282: 277: 208:, following a 164: 161: 120: 119:Digraph system 117: 56: 53: 37:Latin alphabet 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1962: 1961: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1430: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1380:G. Selvelli. 1379: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1329:on 2017-08-04 1328: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1300:on 2016-03-04 1296: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1243:on 2011-06-06 1239: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1207: 1193:on 2018-11-20 1189: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1145: 1138: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1120: 1112: 1104: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1082: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1001: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 983: 979: 972: 962: 957: 955: 952: 947: 944: 941: 935: 931: 926: 924: 921: 916: 906: 901: 899: 896: 891: 888: 881: 876: 874: 871: 862: 857: 855: 852: 843: 838: 836: 833: 824: 819: 817: 814: 809: 803: 796: 791: 789: 786: 777: 772: 770: 767: 758: 753: 751: 748: 739: 734: 732: 729: 720: 715: 713: 710: 701: 696: 694: 691: 683: 679: 674: 672: 669: 660: 655: 653: 650: 641: 636: 634: 631: 623: 619: 614: 612: 609: 600: 595: 593: 590: 581: 576: 574: 571: 563: 559: 554: 552: 549: 540: 535: 533: 530: 522: 518: 513: 511: 508: 499: 494: 492: 489: 484: 474: 469: 467: 464: 455: 450: 448: 445: 440: 434: 427: 422: 420: 417: 408: 403: 401: 398: 389: 384: 382: 379: 370: 365: 363: 360: 351: 346: 344: 341: 332: 327: 325: 322: 309: 305: 300: 296: 292: 286: 281: 268: 265: 260: 258: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 187: 183: 178: 174: 170: 162: 160: 158: 157:ICAO Doc 9303 154: 152: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 118: 116: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87:(rather than 86: 82: 78: 74: 66: 63:Road sign to 61: 54: 52: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 1790: 1759:in Singapore 1669:Romanization 1590:Other topics 1576:Southeastern 1504:Romanization 1503: 1391: 1355:. Retrieved 1351: 1342: 1331:. Retrieved 1327:the original 1322: 1313: 1302:. Retrieved 1295:the original 1283: 1277: 1245:. Retrieved 1238:the original 1229: 1195:. Retrieved 1188:the original 1176: 1169: 1143: 1137: 1127: 1122: 1110: 1103: 1080: 1074: 889:Ts ts / C c 261: 256: 252: 250: 245: 241: 237: 233: 213: 212:convention ( 205: 203: 198: 194: 190: 180: 176: 166: 163:ISO 9 system 149:ch, sh, zh, 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 122: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 70: 45:proper names 41:Romanization 20: 18: 1494:Orthography 1487:Month names 1455:Conjugation 306:(pre-2013)/ 218:Gaj's Latin 127:instead of 101:palatalised 65:Dolno Sonje 27:of text in 1938:Categories 1923:Vietnamese 1791:Macedonian 1771:Belarusian 1516:Literature 1482:Onomastics 1369:References 1357:2021-12-20 1333:2017-08-03 1304:2012-05-24 1247:2010-04-05 1197:2018-11-20 264:ISO 9:1995 173:ISO 9:1968 129:diacritics 109:affricates 105:fricatives 29:Macedonian 1868:Maldivian 1863:Malayalam 1838:Inuktitut 1806:Ukrainian 1776:Bulgarian 1754:in Taiwan 1564:in Greece 1472:Phonology 1206:cite book 1155:cite book 1089:cite book 1083:. Skopje. 315:MJMS/SSO 276:Cyrillic 93:diacritic 35:into the 31:from the 1888:Sanskrit 1843:Japanese 1818:Georgian 1766:Cyrillic 1729:Armenian 1688:BGN/PCGN 1571:Northern 1551:Dialects 1528:Standard 1465:Numerals 1460:Pronouns 1443:Features 1385:Archived 1267:Archived 1064:Archived 1053:Archived 1032:Archived 1021:Archived 1018:Cadastre 980:See also 945:Dzh dzh 804:K/Ć k/ć 435:G/Đ g/đ 304:BGN/PCGN 297:(2013), 295:BGN/PCGN 216:are the 125:digraphs 113:alveolar 95:, and a 1898:Tibetan 1883:Persian 1873:Marathi 1801:Serbian 1796:Russian 1749:Chinese 1744:Burmese 1734:Bengali 1719:Amharic 1581:Western 1511:History 1499:Braille 1477:Lexicon 1450:Grammar 287:(1995) 210:Serbian 177:ž, č, š 111:in the 97:digraph 23:is the 1918:Uyghur 1903:Telugu 1893:Syriac 1878:Nepali 1853:Korean 1828:Hebrew 1786:Kyrgyz 1781:Kazakh 1739:Berber 1724:Arabic 1683:ALA-LC 970:Sh sh 948:Dž dž 942:Dj dj 939:Dž dž 936:D̂ d̂ 914:Ch ch 807:Kj kj 687:Nj nj 684:N̂ n̂ 627:Lj lj 624:L̂ l̂ 526:Dz dz 482:Zh zh 438:Gj gj 299:ALA-LC 199:dz, dž 191:lj, nj 133:gj, kj 1848:Khmer 1833:Hindi 1823:Greek 1811:Uzbek 1298:(PDF) 1291:(PDF) 1241:(PDF) 1234:(PDF) 1191:(PDF) 1184:(PDF) 1002:Notes 564:J̌ ǰ 291:ISO 9 285:ISO 9 1913:Urdu 1908:Thai 1703:Yale 1693:GOST 1530:and 1212:link 1161:link 1095:link 973:Š š 967:Š š 917:Č č 911:Č č 892:C c 886:C c 867:H h 848:F f 829:U u 810:Ć ć 801:Ḱ ḱ 782:T t 763:S s 744:R r 725:P p 706:O o 665:N n 646:M m 605:L l 586:K k 567:J j 545:I i 523:Ẑ ẑ 504:Z z 485:Ž ž 479:Ž ž 460:E e 441:Đ đ 432:Ǵ ǵ 413:D d 394:G g 375:V v 356:B b 337:A a 262:The 255:and 244:and 236:and 226:PCGN 214:đ, ć 206:đ, ć 195:ĺ, ń 107:and 19:The 1858:Lao 1698:ISO 1352:ISO 954:Ш ш 923:Џ џ 898:Ч ч 873:Ц ц 854:Х х 835:Ф ф 816:У у 788:Ќ ќ 769:Т т 750:С с 731:Р р 712:П п 693:О о 671:Њ њ 652:Н н 633:М м 611:Љ љ 592:Л л 573:К к 551:Ј ј 532:И и 510:Ѕ ѕ 491:З з 466:Ж ж 447:Е е 419:Ѓ ѓ 400:Д д 381:Г г 362:В в 343:Б б 324:А а 280:IPA 141:dzh 139:or 1940:: 1350:. 1321:. 1256:^ 1220:^ 1208:}} 1204:{{ 1157:}} 1153:{{ 1091:}} 1087:{{ 1042:^ 1010:^ 930:dʒ 905:tʃ 880:ts 517:dz 308:UN 257:kj 253:gj 184:, 151:dz 145:ts 137:dj 39:. 1661:e 1654:t 1647:v 1437:) 1431:( 1421:e 1414:t 1407:v 1360:. 1336:. 1307:. 1214:) 1200:. 1163:) 1097:) 1059:/ 1027:/ 963:/ 961:ʃ 959:/ 932:/ 928:/ 907:/ 903:/ 882:/ 878:/ 863:/ 861:x 859:/ 844:/ 842:f 840:/ 825:/ 823:u 821:/ 797:/ 795:c 793:/ 778:/ 776:t 774:/ 759:/ 757:s 755:/ 740:/ 738:r 736:/ 721:/ 719:p 717:/ 702:/ 700:ɔ 698:/ 680:/ 678:ɲ 676:/ 661:/ 659:n 657:/ 642:/ 640:m 638:/ 620:/ 618:ʎ 616:/ 601:/ 599:l 597:/ 582:/ 580:k 578:/ 560:/ 558:j 556:/ 541:/ 539:i 537:/ 519:/ 515:/ 500:/ 498:z 496:/ 475:/ 473:ʒ 471:/ 456:/ 454:ɛ 452:/ 428:/ 426:ɟ 424:/ 409:/ 407:d 405:/ 390:/ 388:ɡ 386:/ 371:/ 369:v 367:/ 352:/ 350:b 348:/ 333:/ 331:a 329:/ 246:ć 242:đ 238:k 234:g 186:ḱ 182:ǵ 89:y 85:j 81:h 77:c

Index

transliteration
Macedonian
Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet
Latin alphabet
Romanization
proper names
North Macedonia

Dolno Sonje
diacritic
digraph
palatalised
fricatives
affricates
alveolar
digraphs
diacritics
dz
ICAO Doc 9303
Gaj's Latin alphabet
ISO 9:1968
ǵ

Serbian
Gaj's Latin
US Board on Geographic Names
PCGN
United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographic Names
ISO 9:1995
IPA

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