396:
216:
560:
384:
986:
1154:
1084:
590:
575:
131:
1230:
452:
369:
31:
158:
239:, suggesting that access may be available throughout the structure and that the external architectural components also serve a purpose within the ritual environment of the temple. The temple at Woodeaton produced evidence for multiple hearths within the temple superstructure, suggesting the use of fire within the religious worship at that site.
1851:
Xavier
Delamarre indique pour nemeton le sens général de « sanctuaire » qui a fini par signifier « temple ». Il cite par exemple Venance Fortunat en latin : « loco nomine Vernemetis ("grand temple") … quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua refert » in Dictionnaire
1705:
surrounded by a timber enclosure. Cropmarks hint at a larger earthwork surrounding the temple c50m in diameter. Finds associated with the temple site included a clay figurine of a horse (Epona?), while surface finds included various copper alloy items possibly linked to
Mercury, Minerva and others.
190:
tower may rise above the height of the surrounding ambulatory or be pitched so that the two join together. Ambulatories may be open or be enclosed by a short wall or wall-and-colonnade. Some features of
Classical Roman temples are included in the architecture, such as Roman-style columns as part of
931:
Excavated in 1842. The temple temenos stands at the west and of a much larger walled enclosure stretching 340 metres to the east. The off-central location of the temple has been held to imply that a sacred grove or tree occupied the most important position within the temenos One of at least seven
246:
would perform religious ceremonies within the temple or outside in the enclosure, although the exact daily role they played in Romano-Celtic temples is not well understood. Performing sacrifice, prayers, and overseeing festivals are key features of priesthoods in the Roman Empire. In
332:
at the site of Saint-Georges Abbey uncovered the remains of many temples: the oldest was a wooden temple without an enclosure, then a second temple with an enclosure, which was followed by a wooden temple built on a stone platform, and then finally, a stone fanum with an enclosure.
178:), of variable height, surrounded by an ambulatory or veranda built from stone, wood or both. While usually square or octagonal, circular and triangular layouts are also known. In size they vary greatly, with the outer ambulatory ranging from 8.5m to 22m in length and the
1771:
Excavated in 1952, the temple was found to have to main phases of use. In the first a clay floor and three internal hearths noted. The later phase is marked by the widening of the walls and the addition of an ambulatory. The site is associated with Iron Age activity.
1499:
No excavation; site seen as cropmarks. Roman pottery associated in surrounding area. Outer two walls may not have southern sides. The inner square (here identified as the cella) may, in fact, be an altar or plinth within a larger structure.
545:. The distribution of these temples covers both major and minor towns and includes rural sanctuaries. In towns they can occur as individual temples or in groups of two or more within an enclosure. At least seven have been identified at
154:. Many temples were built on earlier sacred sites. While almost all classical temples were built at towns and cities, almost all 650 Romano-Celtic temples were built in the countryside or smaller settlements.
864:
has been found on the site during early excavations. The temple is associated with two pottery kilns. Finds include a possible Priest's sceptre, two Roman coin hoards, a swan-head handle and pottery.
150:. This is believed to have been influenced by earlier Celtic wooden temples, many sites showing continuity in their layout. The ambulatory was probably meant to accommodate a Celtic rite of
1041:
First
Excavated by J. Medhurst in 1843. The structure is in stone, with minimal evidence of an ambulatory. An early 1st century pit or shaft was associated beneath the temples structure.
1588:
799:
1377:
1237:
227:
Temples, as centres of religious ceremonies and festivals, may have attracted people from surrounding areas. Each temple would be dedicated to one or more gods, with a statue in the
70:. Romano-Celtic temples differ from classical Roman temples, and evidence shows they had much continuity with earlier Celtic temples. Many were built on earlier sacred sites of the
1942:
1161:
1521:
730:
883:
1651:
1451:
589:
395:
993:
1725:
1310:
1091:
310:
1432:, but soon fell into decay. A well is associated with the temple, into which objects were deposited. It was the site of domestic occupation by the 5th Century.
559:
522:, or along a roadside. Prominent places within a landscape may also be chosen as sites for Romano-Celtic temples, for example the temple on top of the huge
383:
2421:
235:
offerings such as coins, pottery, statues, miniature votive figurines can be found both within the building and in the surrounding ambulatory and
142:
The layout of Romano-Celtic temples differed from classical Roman temples. While classical temples were usually rectangular buildings with a
2184:
574:
2179:
Crummy, Philip (1997) City of
Victory; the story of Colchester - Britain's first Roman town. Published by Colchester Archaeological Trust (
325:
313:, but in reality many were progressively abandoned during this period, their cults having been neglected or the locality been depopulated.
1949:
2580:
2703:
2452:
439:
2606:
2155:"Temples, Churches and Religion: Recent Research in Roman Britain with a Gazetteer of Romano-Celtic Temples in Continental Europe"
2634:
2575:
2513:
2485:
2396:
2368:
2340:
2312:
2214:
2073:
2055:
Woodward, A. and Leach, P. 1993. "The Uley
Shrines: Excavation of a Ritual Complex on West Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire: 1977-9" (
316:
Many of these temples evolved from pre-Roman temples which were built in wood and then gradually embellished. The sanctuaries of
2263:
683:
Excavated in 1957-8, the temple was constructed c.AD340 and demolished c.AD390. It lies on a promontory off the
Somerset coast.
215:
122:, which originally signifed a sacred grove. This term was used to refer to Celtic temples until the Christianization of Gaul.
2718:
472:
433:
2467:
P. Rahtz, P. and Harris, L.G. 1958. "The temple well and other buildings at Pagans Hill, Chew Stoke, North
Somersetshire",
985:
2442:
265:. Fragments of priestly regalia have been found in British excavations: a copper alloy sceptre-cap from the temple at
220:
962:
Discovered in 1847 and excavated under the direction of the Hon RC Neville. Two mosaic floors were located in the
428:
1786:
1363:
1153:
1072:
974:
565:
515:
456:
2239:
1806:
1574:
1083:
71:
849:
368:
84:
553:), several of which can be linked to certain deities by the statues and inscriptions found at the sites.
109:
is used to refer to Celtic temples of the Roman empire. This term was borrowed by archeologists from the
1218:
581:
530:
317:
352:
tribe. The architecture represents a synthesis of local and
Classical traditions, comprising a Celtic
1801:
1296:
1208:
785:
329:
266:
207:) along with other religious structures, which was usually marked off by a wall, palisade and ditch.
67:
130:
274:
91:
285:
Gallo-Roman temples have been found throughout the region settled by the ancient Gauls, including
243:
270:
2684:
Tempel- und
Theaterbau in den Tres Galliae und den germanischen Provinzen. Ausgewählte Aspekte.
2551:
2536:
King, A. and Soffe, G. 1983. "A Romano-Celtic Temple at Ratham Mill, Funtington, West Sussex",
349:
2448:
2180:
1351:
1229:
716:
492:
305:, in both cities and the countryside. These temples would have been closed at the end of the
2630:
2602:
2571:
2509:
2481:
2392:
2364:
2336:
2308:
2294:
2210:
2069:
1286:
933:
775:
523:
412:
374:
337:
186:, accessible from a door on one side, was usually roofed, as was the ambulatory, though the
162:
151:
2036:
418:
451:
2154:
514:
and are frequently associated with sites with recorded pre-Roman activity, such as at
2712:
2270:
1889:
Roman Cult Images: The Lives and Worship of Idols from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity
1791:
1418:
690:
464:
252:
17:
1816:
1425:
468:
63:
55:
27:
Sub-class of Roman temples found in the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire
341:
2689:
Mukelroy, K. 1976. "Enclosed Ambulatories in Romano-Celtic Temples in Britain".
2130:
Vincent Charpentier, émission Le Salon noir sur France Culture, 23 janvier 2013.
1142:
546:
488:
476:
306:
298:
248:
328:
are good examples showing how Celtic temples evolved. Excavations conducted by
1811:
1796:
1507:
861:
550:
538:
519:
518:. Temples may be associated with an extra-mural settlement near a fort, as at
504:
294:
147:
2196:
Green,W. 1965. "A Romano-Celtic Temple at Bourton Grounds, Buckinghamshire",
1842:(Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp49-50
1741:
1727:
1667:
1653:
1604:
1590:
1537:
1523:
1467:
1453:
1393:
1379:
1326:
1312:
1253:
1239:
1177:
1163:
1107:
1093:
1009:
995:
899:
885:
815:
801:
746:
732:
2663:
Gallorömische Heiligtümer. Neue Studien zur Lage und den räumlichen Bezügen.
857:
595:
Romano-Celtic temple revealed during excavation at 56 Gresham Street, London
511:
262:
135:
30:
2469:
Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society
1926:(Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp174
2021:
Goodchild. R. and Kirk, J. 1954. "The Romano-Celtic Temple at Woodeaton".
1996:(Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp89
542:
526:
422:
257:
2444:
The Excavation of the Shrine of Apollo at Nettleton, Wiltshire, 1956-71
1279:
925:
484:
358:
345:
302:
290:
203:
157:
143:
118:
2679:(Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2576:"Romano-Celtic temple 590m south east of St James's Church (1020862)"
1202:
853:
534:
500:
496:
321:
286:
232:
195:
166:
1701:
Excavated in 1980s, Wimblington temple comprised a stone and timber
146:, the Romano-Celtic temple was usually square or octagonal, with an
852:, and later in 1926 and definitively in 1939. Pre-Roman coinage of
1695:
480:
463:
They are, by far, the most frequently occurring type of temple in
450:
214:
201:
The main temple building usually stood within a sacred enclosure (
174:
156:
110:
105:
59:
49:
35:
2264:"Caerwent and Caerleon: What the Romans did for south east Wales"
1943:"Shrines (Roman and Post-Roman): Introduction to heritage assets"
656:
649:
97:
1428:
in 1949-53. The temple was built in c.AD258 with an octagonal
261:; this religious position may have been utilised elsewhere in
113:
word for the sacred plot of land on which a temple was built.
2113:
2111:
103:
In French, Spanish, Italian and German scholarship, the term
709:
Built in c.AD330, it stood next to the forum and basilica.
2269:. Bath and Camerton Archaeological Society. Archived from
336:
One of the largest remaining Gallo-Roman temples is the
1211:. The site also has evidence for iron ore extraction.
2295:"Romano-Celtic Temple Chanctonbury Ring, West Sussex"
172:
It consisted of a box-like or tower-like main room (
2670:
Les temples de tradition celtique en Gaule romaine.
1981:
An Imperial Possession: Britain in the Roman Empire
1869:
The Roman City and its Periphery: From Rome to Gaul
628:
625:
613:
2141:Saint-Georges de Boscherville, 2000 ans d'histoire
1852:de la langue gauloise, Errance 2003, p. 232 - 233.
219:Reconstruction of a small Romano-Celtic temple at
2103:Gods with Thunderbolts: Religion in Roman Britain
2117:Goodchild, R. 1947. "The Farley Heath Sceptre",
2009:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp 96-97
2665:Mainz/Ruhpolding: Verlag Franz Philipp Rutzen.
273:and a bronze crown with an adjustable band at
34:Reconstruction of a Gallo-Roman temple in the
8:
2175:
2173:
2017:
2015:
1900:
1898:
134:Reconstruction of a Romano-Celtic temple in
2097:
2095:
2093:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
537:or the temple on the coastal promontory at
47:
2139:Jacques Le Maho & Nicolas Wasylyszyn,
1891:. Cambridge University Press. p. 151.
599:
344:, France. It was dedicated to the goddess
161:Plan of the Romano-Celtic temple with its
66:. They were the main places of worship in
2240:"The Roman Temple on Bream Down Somerset"
1882:
1880:
1878:
1862:
1860:
1858:
659:found by metal detector at a later date.
601:List of Romano-Celtic Temples in Britain
440:Gallo-Roman Temple of the forêt d'Halatte
1918:
1916:
1914:
1834:
1832:
129:
29:
1828:
966:. The temple was re-excavated in 1978.
555:
434:Gallo-Roman Sanctuary of Pièces-Grandes
364:
116:The Gaulish term for these temples was
2341:"Gosbecks Farm Roman Temple (384017)"
2057:English Heritage Archaeological Report
1712:
1638:
1573:
1506:
1438:
1362:
1295:
1217:
1141:
1071:
1048:
973:
943:
870:
784:
715:
689:
666:
655:Excavated in the 1960s. A Figurine of
633:
198:floors and decorative wall paintings.
2639:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2611:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2518:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2490:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2401:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2373:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2345:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2317:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2219:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2078:Research records (formerly PastScape)
2037:"PAS Record:GLO-F3F9B0, Votive Model"
1936:
1934:
1932:
401:Reconstruction of the original Temple
89:is often used for these temples, and
7:
2552:"Romano-Celtic temple and mausoleum"
2447:. Society of Antiquaries of London.
2397:"Jordan Hill Roman Temple (452622)"
2035:Portable Antiquities Scheme (2013).
269:, a chained headpiece or "crown" at
510:Romano-Celtic temples occur across
326:Saint-Georges Abbey in Boscherville
311:late Roman imperial anti-pagan laws
2581:National Heritage List for England
2550:Vindolanda Tablets Online (2011).
25:
2059:No. 17). London: English Heritage
1632:Discovered and excavated in 1959
1228:
1152:
1082:
984:
588:
573:
558:
457:Pagans Hill Romano-Celtic temple
394:
382:
367:
2313:"Farley Roman Temple (393929)"
389:Remains of the Tower of Vesunna
362:surrounded by a low enclosure.
255:), an altar was dedicated by a
194:The internal features included
1908:. New York: F.A. Praeger pp439
167:Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten)
1:
2704:Romano-Celtic Temple Typology
1941:English Heritage (May 2011).
1053:Late 1st - Mid 3rd Century AD
507:are the only known examples.
471:which are few in number: the
2635:"Woodeaton Temple (338732)"
2105:. Tempus: Stroud. pp 122-125
2074:"Woodeaton Temple (338732)"
1983:. London: Penguin. pp281-281
1720:
1646:
1583:
1516:
1446:
1372:
1305:
1227:
1151:
1081:
1056:
983:
951:
878:
794:
725:
699:
674:
641:
2607:"Monument No. 1331890"
2007:Late Roman Towns in Britain
1906:Britain in the Roman Empire
429:Gallo-Roman Temple of Tours
221:Schwarzenacker Roman Museum
82:In Great Britain, the term
58:found in the north-western
2735:
2514:"Monument No. 245746"
2369:"Monument No. 374280"
2198:Records of Buckinghamshire
1867:Goodman, Penelope (2006).
1605:52.58370000°N 1.08097000°E
1207:Excavated in the 1920s by
842:Temenos: Diameter - c. 73m
455:Reconstruction drawing of
2682:Lobüscher, Thomas. 2002.
2668:Fauduet, Isabelle. 1993.
2420:English Heritage (2004).
2143:, 2nd edn. (GRAPC, 2008).
2101:De la Bedoyere, G. 2002.
1871:. Routledge. p. 128.
827:Farley Heath Roman Temple
622:
619:
616:
610:
605:
2677:Temples in Roman Britain
2672:Paris: Éditions Errance.
1994:Temples in Roman Britain
1924:Temples in Roman Britain
1887:Kiernan, Philip (2020).
1840:Temples in Roman Britain
1787:Religion in ancient Rome
1668:52.523846°N 0.13699638°E
1562:Ambulatory:10.8m x 10.8m
1468:50.851830°N 0.85212269°W
1405:Pagans Hill Roman Temple
1265:Lydney Park Roman Temple
1189:Lydney Park Roman Temple
816:51.193708°N 0.49627427°W
747:50.896258°N 0.38177312°W
580:Romano-Celtic temple at
2486:"Pagans Hill (198024)"
1807:Ancient Celtic religion
1742:51.808933°N 1.2236703°W
1616:Wicklewood Roman Temple
1610:52.58370000; 1.08097000
1538:54.991481°N 2.3630965°W
1494:Temenos: 15.5m x 15.5m
1492:Ambulatory: 8.5m x 8.5m
1394:51.360732°N 2.6373580°W
1327:51.490763°N 2.2577696°W
1254:50.694871°N 2.4669376°W
1010:50.637547°N 2.4271160°W
900:51.859450°N 1.0435977°W
2441:Wedlake, W.J. (1982).
2422:"Maiden Castle Temple"
2215:"Brean Down (191317)"
1692:Ambulatory: 11m x 11m
1473:50.851830; -0.85212269
875:mid 2nd-4th Century AD
821:51.193708; -0.49627427
752:50.896258; -0.38177312
460:
436:in Marguerides, France
224:
182:from 5.1m to 16m. The
169:
139:
48:
39:
2719:Ancient Roman temples
2297:. Roman Britain Site.
1904:Liversidge, J. 1973.
1747:51.808933; -1.2236703
1673:52.523846; 0.13699638
1543:54.991481; -2.3630965
1399:51.360732; -2.6373580
1332:51.490763; -2.2577696
1259:50.694871; -2.4669376
1015:50.637547; -2.4271160
948:2nd? - 4th Century AD
905:51.859450; -1.0435977
848:Excavated in 1848 by
840:Ambulatory: 14m x 14m
454:
340:, which was built in
218:
160:
133:
33:
2675:Lewis, M.J.T. 1966.
2661:Budei, Julia. 2016.
2153:Rodwell, W. (1980).
1992:Lewis, M.J.T. 1966.
1979:Mattingly, D. 2006.
1922:Lewis, M.J.T. 1966.
1838:Lewis, M.J.T. 1966.
1802:Gallo-Roman Religion
1209:Sir Mortimer Wheeler
980:1st - 4th Century AD
638:2nd - 4th Century AD
608:Alternative name(s)
568:Romano-Celtic Temple
491:and the examples at
415:in Périgueux, France
68:Gallo-Roman religion
44:Romano-Celtic temple
18:Romano-Celtic Temple
2262:Knight, K. (2011).
2119:Antiquaries Journal
1737: /
1663: /
1627:Cella: 8.5m x 8.5m
1600: /
1533: /
1463: /
1389: /
1322: /
1285:Built on top of an
1249: /
1173: /
1130:Cella: 6.4m x 5.1m
1103: /
1061:Cella: 6.7m x 6.7m
1005: /
956:Cella: 6.7m x 6.7m
895: /
811: /
742: /
602:
407:Gallo-Roman Temples
275:Hockwold cum Wilton
126:Layout and location
2693:Vol.7 pp. 173–191.
2005:Rodgers, A. 2011.
1717:1st-4th Century AD
1643:2nd-3rd Century AD
1580:1st-4th Century AD
1560:Cella: 5.1m x 5.1m
1513:3rd-4th Century AD
1443:1st-2nd Century AD
1369:3rd-4th Century AD
1302:3rd-4th Century AD
1178:51.7207°N 2.5532°W
1108:51.3640°N 0.1964°W
944:Great Chesterford
838:Cella: 7.3m x 7.3m
791:1st-4th Century AD
722:3rd-4th Century AD
600:
473:Temple of Claudius
461:
318:Ribement-sur-Ancre
225:
211:Religious function
170:
140:
54:is a sub-class of
40:
2540:Vol.14. pp264-266
2200:Vol 17. pp356-366
1778:
1777:
1764:Cella: 5.8m x 5m
1690:Cella: 5.6m x 5m
1549:Vindolanda Temple
1352:Apollo Cunomaglus
704:Cella: 7.5m x 7m
62:provinces of the
16:(Redirected from
2726:
2686:Rahden: Leidorf.
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2631:Historic England
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2603:Historic England
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2572:Historic England
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2510:Historic England
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2482:Historic England
2478:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2393:Historic England
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2365:Historic England
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2337:Historic England
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2309:Historic England
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2211:Historic England
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2070:Historic England
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1948:. Archived from
1947:
1938:
1927:
1920:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1644:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1581:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1514:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1444:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:
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1166:
1156:
1149:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
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1115:
1114:
1113:51.3640; -0.1964
1109:
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634:Bourton Grounds
603:
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479:, the temple of
469:Classical Temple
467:in place of the
442:in Ognon, France
413:Tower of Vesunna
398:
386:
375:Oisseau-le-Petit
371:
338:Tower of Vesunna
191:the outer wall.
163:sacred enclosure
152:circumambulation
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769:Cella: 9m x 7m
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72:Celtic religion
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2698:External links
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1148:4th Century AD
1145:
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2276:on 2013-12-03
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2038:
2031:
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2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1955:on 2012-08-07
1951:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1917:
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1792:Roman Britain
1790:
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1784:
1780:
1774:
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1592:52°35′1.320″N
1585:
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1502:
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1427:
1424:Excavated by
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1411:
1374:
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1219:Maiden Castle
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1199:
1195:
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1125:
1119:Gosbecks Farm
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1076:
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987:
978:
976:
972:
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965:
960:
958:
955:
953:
946:
942:
939:
937:
935:
929:
927:
924:
921:
917:
911:Gosbecks Farm
880:
873:
869:
866:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:Martin Tupper
847:
845:
837:
833:
796:
789:
787:
783:
780:
777:
773:
771:
768:
764:
727:
720:
718:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
694:
692:
688:
685:
682:
680:
678:
676:
669:
665:
662:
660:
658:
653:
651:
648:
645:
643:
636:
632:
604:
591:
586:
583:
582:Maiden Castle
576:
571:
567:
561:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Maiden Castle
528:
525:
521:
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486:
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465:Roman Britain
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137:
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125:
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108:
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99:
96:for sites in
95:
93:
88:
86:
77:
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69:
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61:
57:
52:
51:
45:
37:
32:
19:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2656:Bibliography
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2610:
2597:
2587:26 September
2585:. Retrieved
2579:
2566:
2555:. Retrieved
2545:
2537:
2532:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2504:
2493:. Retrieved
2489:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2443:
2436:
2425:. Retrieved
2415:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:
2387:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:
2359:
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2331:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:
2303:
2289:
2278:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2233:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2161:. Retrieved
2148:
2140:
2135:
2126:
2118:
2102:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2040:. Retrieved
2030:
2022:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1957:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1923:
1905:
1888:
1868:
1847:
1839:
1817:Roman Temple
1702:
1639:Wimblington
1595:1°4′51.492″E
1439:Ratham Mill
1429:
1426:Philip Rahtz
1073:Lullingstone
1040:
1034:Temenos: 84m
1032:Cella: 6.8m
963:
961:
930:
774:Built on an
717:Chanctonbury
654:
646:Cella: 7.6m
509:
462:
419:Fanum d'Aron
357:
356:and a Roman
353:
335:
315:
284:
256:
241:
236:
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226:
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187:
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141:
117:
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102:
90:
83:
81:
64:Roman Empire
56:Roman temple
43:
41:
1745: /
1679:Wimblington
1671: /
1608: /
1541: /
1479:Ratham Mill
1471: /
1397: /
1364:Pagans Hill
1330: /
1257: /
1181: /
1143:Lydney Park
1111: /
1021:Jordan Hill
1013: /
975:Jordan Hill
903: /
819: /
750: /
667:Brean Down
623:Dedication
620:Dimensions
566:Jordan Hill
547:Camulodunum
516:Jordan Hill
307:4th century
299:Switzerland
249:Aquae Sulis
92:Gallo-Roman
78:Terminology
2644:2013-11-20
2616:2013-11-09
2557:2013-11-24
2523:2013-11-24
2495:2013-11-21
2427:2013-11-04
2406:2013-11-05
2378:2013-11-05
2350:2013-11-09
2322:2013-11-24
2280:2013-11-23
2248:2013-11-20
2224:2013-11-20
2163:2013-11-05
2083:2013-11-20
2042:2013-11-05
1959:2013-11-05
1823:References
1812:Syncretism
1797:Roman Gaul
1751: (
1729:51°48′32″N
1713:Woodeaton
1677: (
1655:52°31′26″N
1614: (
1575:Wicklewood
1547: (
1525:54°59′29″N
1508:Vindolanda
1477: (
1455:50°51′07″N
1403: (
1381:51°21′39″N
1336: (
1314:51°29′27″N
1263: (
1241:50°41′42″N
1187: (
1165:51°43′15″N
1117: (
1095:51°21′50″N
1019: (
997:50°38′15″N
909: (
887:51°51′34″N
862:Tincommius
825: (
803:51°11′37″N
778:hillfort.
756: (
734:50°53′47″N
629:Reference
551:Colchester
539:Brean Down
520:Vindolanda
501:Gloucester
477:Colchester
447:In Britain
295:Luxembourg
271:Wanborough
148:ambulatory
2691:Britannia
2538:Britannia
2471:pp: 25-51
1753:Woodeaton
1732:1°13′25″W
1658:0°08′13″E
1528:2°21′47″W
1458:0°51′08″W
1384:2°38′14″W
1338:Nettleton
1317:2°15′28″W
1297:Nettleton
1289:hillfort
1244:2°28′01″W
1168:2°33′12″W
1098:0°11′47″W
1000:2°25′38″W
932:found at
890:1°02′37″W
858:Epaticcus
806:0°29′47″W
737:0°22′54″W
617:Location
606:Site name
512:Britannia
505:St.Albans
350:Perocorii
342:Périgueux
263:Britannia
223:, Germany
138:, Belgium
136:Aubechies
38:, Germany
2713:Category
2633:(2007).
2605:(2007).
2512:(2007).
2484:(2007).
2395:(2007).
2367:(2007).
2339:(2007).
2311:(2007).
2213:(2007).
2072:(2007).
2023:Oxonesia
1781:See also
1287:Iron Age
1049:Lancing
776:Iron Age
691:Caerwent
543:Somerset
527:Hillfort
524:Iron Age
493:Maryport
425:, France
423:Aurillac
258:haruspex
251:(modern
1419:Mercury
1280:Minerva
926:Camulos
549:(Roman
497:Lincoln
485:Minerva
359:pronaos
348:of the
346:Vesunna
303:Germany
291:Belgium
281:In Gaul
237:temenos
204:temenos
144:portico
119:nemeton
2451:
2183:
1203:Nodons
854:Verica
786:Farley
626:Notes
535:Dorset
503:, and
324:, and
322:Corent
287:France
267:Farley
244:priest
233:Votive
196:mosaic
94:temple
87:temple
60:Celtic
2274:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2243:(PDF)
2158:(PDF)
1953:(PDF)
1946:(PDF)
1703:cella
1696:Epona
1430:cella
964:cella
611:Date
481:Sulis
377:Fanum
354:cella
229:cella
188:cella
184:cella
180:cella
175:cella
111:Latin
106:fanum
50:fanum
36:Eifel
2589:2023
2449:ISBN
2181:ISBN
860:and
657:Isis
650:Isis
489:Bath
98:Gaul
529:at
487:in
475:in
421:in
309:by
165:in
46:or
2715::
2637:.
2609:.
2578:.
2574:.
2516:.
2488:.
2399:.
2371:.
2343:.
2315:.
2217:.
2172:^
2110:^
2092:^
2076:.
2014:^
1968:^
1931:^
1913:^
1897:^
1877:^
1857:^
1831:^
1698:?
1421:?
1354:?
1282:?
936:.
856:,
541:,
533:,
499:,
495:,
320:,
301:,
297:,
293:,
289:,
277:.
242:A
231:.
100:.
74:.
42:A
2647:.
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