Knowledge (XXG)

Ronald Hutton

Source πŸ“

784:"Predictably, Hutton finds himself defending his position on two fronts. Neo-pagans, clinging to the notion that their beliefs are part of an ancient nature religion, and radical feminists upholding the idea of a primeval matriarchal society (which Hutton finds "rather delightful"), scorn Hutton's refreshingly cheerful acceptance that there seems little evidence for either of these. And his less unbuttoned colleagues shake their heads at his optimism about Druidry and other 'alternative spiritualities' as valid contemporary religions." 2912: 56: 935:. He concluded that the violence of the act would have resulted in an even more severe backlash against suspected Catholics than was caused by its failure, as most Englishmen were loyal to the monarchy, despite differing religious convictions. England could very well have become a more "Puritan absolute monarchy", rather than following the path of parliamentary and civil reform. 516:(1991), in which he attempted to "set out what is at present known about the religious beliefs and practices of the British Isles before their conversion to Christianity. The term 'pagan' is used as a convenient shorthand for those beliefs and practices, and is employed in the title merely to absolve the book from any need to discuss 713:'s theories, which she believed to be heavily flawed. She stated that "he is... wrongly cited as an objective neutral and a 'non-pagan' for he happens to be a very active member of the British Pagan community" who "had taken on a mission to reform modern paganism by removing from it a false history and sense of continuance". 551:, one of whom, Asphodel Long, issued a public criticism of Hutton in which she charged him with failing to take non-mainstream ideas about ancient goddess cults into consideration. Ultimately, Hutton would later relate, she "recognised that she had misunderstood me" and the two became friends. Another feminist critic, 866:
in that of others by religion or spirituality. It defines much of the way I come to terms with the cosmos, and with past, present and future." He was raised Pagan, and was personally acquainted with Wiccans from youth. He has become a "well-known and much loved figure" in the British Pagan community.
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Hutton was married to Lisa Radulovic from August 1988 to March 2003, when they divorced. Although he has written much on the subject of Paganism, Hutton insists that his own religious beliefs are a private matter. He has instead stated that "to some extent history occupies the space in my life filled
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noted that the work "could profitably have been twice as long and have provided a more extended treatment of the issues involved" and that it suffered from a lack of images. On the whole however he thought it "certainly be recommended to readers as an important work" on the subject of shamanism, and
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was a little more critical, claiming that whilst Hutton was "non-sensationalist and scrupulously polite" about the various Druidic eccentrics, "occasionally, even-handedness tips over towards relativism β€“ as if there are just different ways of looking at reality, each as good as the other. And
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Meanwhile, whilst he faced criticism from some sectors of the Pagan community in Britain, others came to embrace him; during the late 1980s and 1990s, Hutton befriended a number of practising British Pagans, including "leading Druids" such as Tim Sebastion, who was then Chief of the Secular Order of
544:, as well as a brief examination of their influence on folklore and contemporary Paganism. In keeping with what was by then the prevailing academic view, it disputed the widely held idea that ancient paganism had survived into the contemporary and had been revived by the Pagan movement. 414:, and was floored by him. During the rest of the decade my belief in the old orthodoxy concerning the witch trials slipped away, as I read more and more of the new research and checked the original records (for England and Scotland) myself." 676:
Hutton questioned many assumptions about Wicca's development and argued that many of the claimed connections to longstanding hidden pagan traditions are questionable at best. However, he also argued for its importance as a genuine
855:"My colleagues would kill me for saying this, but historians are increasingly conscious of the fact that we can't write history. What we can write about is the way in which people see history and think history happens." 879:
commented that he had "a very pragmatic, creative attitude, recognising that factual error can still produce beneficial results", for instance noting that even though their theories about the Early Modern
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history is in itself significant, for this book represents the first systematic attempt by a professional historian to characterise and account for this aspect of modern Western culture."
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Despite his love of archaeology, he instead decided to study history at university, believing that he had "probably more aptitude" for it. He won a scholarship to study at
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of this book". She went on to attack Hutton's writing style, calling the book "dry as dust" and said she was "sorry I bothered to plough through it. If this is
896: 234: 29: 3902: 2688: 2188: 1423: 309:, before he lectured in history at the University of Bristol from 1981. Specialising in Early Modern Britain, he wrote three books on the subject: 2501: 2448: 615:
and the idea that folk customs were static and unchanging over the centuries. Once again, he was following prevailing expert opinion in doing so.
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The Roots of Witchcraft: A study of the effects of hallucinogenic plants can explain much about sorcery and demonic possession through the ages
1508: 1409: 246: 242: 41: 37: 1534: 3942: 1455: 759:, a collection of various articles by Hutton, including on topics such as the nature of myth and the pagan themes found within the works of 555:, condemned the work as containing "factual errors, mischaracterizations, and outright whoppers" and said she was "staggered by the intense 3698: 2593: 2584: 834:, although Barrett argued that despite this it was still "very readable", even going so far as to call it a "tour de force". The review by 410: 2462: 2004: 2566: 3782: 2135:"http: TV Show Reviews, Forum, Discussion, News, Polls, Video and more TV Guide UK TVguide.co.uk, Film, Soaps, Sports News, Freeview" 436:, joining the committee of a local archaeological group and taking part in excavations from 1965 to 1976, including at such sites as 3912: 2894: 2854: 2774: 2431: 1432: 806: 459:, where he continued his interest in archaeology alongside history, in 1975 taking a course run by the university's archaeologist 1578: 1376: 911:
Hutton's books can be divided into those about seventeenth-century Britain and those about paganism and folk customs in Britain.
2200: 3927: 3859: 362:(2003), a collection of essays on folklore and Paganism; then two books on the role of the Druids in the British imagination: 3907: 3854: 3392: 2473: 697:". Public criticism came from the practising Wiccan Jani Farrell-Roberts, who took part in a published debate with Hutton in 2421: 689:
The response from the Neopagan community was somewhat mixed. Many Pagans embraced his work, with the prominent Wiccan Elder
2148: 3922: 2809: 2575: 2134: 1503: 382: 250: 45: 3259: 3244: 2847: 2829: 2723: 301:. He volunteered in a number of excavations until 1976 and visited the country's chambered tombs. He studied history at 2095: 3937: 3897: 2955: 2494: 1335: 456: 302: 159: 3757: 3148: 2986: 2701: 1896: 2120: 274:, Hutton has written over a dozen books, often appearing on British television and radio. He held a fellowship at 3705: 2927: 2802: 2407: 429: 1872:
Collett, Barry. "Reviewed Work: Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. byRonald Hutton".
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Roper, Jonathan (2005). "Review: Shamans. Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination by Ronald Hutton".
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in 2001, in which he argued that much of what westerners think they know about shamanism is in fact wrong.
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he hoped that Hutton would "return to treat this fascinating topic in even greater depth in future."
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where he took up the position of reader of History. In that year he also published his first book,
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He followed these with books about historical paganism, folklore, and modern paganism in Britain:
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Hutton followed his studies on the Early Modern period with a book on a very different subject,
575:(which he himself had not actually read), Sebastion invited Hutton to speak at a conference in 3681: 3535: 3495: 2935: 2900: 2732: 2681: 2469:
An Interview with Ronald Hutton in which he talks about his historical work and spiritual path
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Whitlock, Robin (January–February 2011). "Is it time for Pagans to fight for their rights?".
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In 1999, his first work fully focusing on Paganism was published by Oxford University Press;
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The book proved controversial amongst some contemporary Pagans and feminists involved in the
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magazine in 2003. Farrell-Roberts was of the opinion that in his works, Hutton dismissed
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would help lay the foundations for the creation of the new religious movement of Wicca.
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the subtitle of this book should really be 'a history of modern pagan witchcraft in
3809: 3479: 3417: 3198: 3178: 3103: 3093: 3001: 2981: 2940: 2816: 2719: 2380: 2310: 876: 835: 789: 564: 521: 611:(1996). In these works he criticised commonly held attitudes, such as the idea of 55: 1495:
A Reply to Ronald Hutton's Commentary 'What did Happen to Lindow Man?' TLS 30 Jan
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The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658–1667
652:(England, Wales, Cornwall and Man), with some reference to it in the rest of the 579:
where he befriended a number of members of the Pagan Druidic movement, including
495:, and followed it with three more books on 17th century British history by 1990. 3804: 3651: 3437: 3402: 3329: 3294: 3193: 3113: 3006: 710: 460: 437: 433: 401: 298: 1543: (archived 20 April 2008) by Jani Farrell-Roberts: originally published as 830:
was described as being more "academic and more than three times the length" of
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After studying the history of Wicca, Hutton went on to look at the history of
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Hutton, Ronald (2010). "Writing the History of Witchcraft: A Personal View".
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Methodological Flaws in Recent Studies of Historical & Modern Witchcraft
729: 552: 525: 472: 464: 445: 3515: 2290:"Blood and Mistletoe: a history of the Druids in Britain, By Ronald Hutton" 2268: 801:, both the historical and the contemporary. His first book on the subject, 3666: 3661: 3646: 3616: 3500: 3369: 3223: 2522: 2230:
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
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Queens of the Wild: Pagan Goddesses in Christian Europe: An Investigation
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The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
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The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
1973: 344:(1999), the last of which would come to be praised as a seminal text in 3656: 3636: 3626: 3540: 3520: 3505: 3432: 3374: 2476:. A Public lecture by Ronald Hutton at the Manx Museum, 15 January 2010 2453: 1881: 809:
series. Hutton's next book, which was also about Druidry, was entitled
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A Brief History of Britain 1485–1660: The Tudor and Stuart Dynasties
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The Royalist war effort in Wales and the West Midlands, 1642–1646
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The Royalist war effort in Wales and the West Midlands, 1642–1646
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Trials of the Moon: Reopening the Case for Historical Witchcraft
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The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
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The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
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at Cambridge University, defending the historical legitimacy of
254:(born 19 December 1953) is an English historian specialising in 2843: 2483: 1202:
The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present
2099: 1472:, Review of The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, 293:, his family returned to England, and he attended a school in 2239:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
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The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
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The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700
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The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
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The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700
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In the following years, Hutton released two books on British
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Review of "The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles"
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University of Bristol: Department of History: Ronald Hutton
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The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
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The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
2315:"Ronald Hutton β€“ Wicca and other invented traditions" 1093:
Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination
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International Who's Who (2003). "Hutton, Ronald Edmund".
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Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain
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Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain
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Charles the Second, King of England, Scotland and Ireland
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Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain
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Shamans: Siberian Spirituality in the Western Imagination
923:, Hutton has considered what might have happened if the 1685:"Ronald Hutton Appointed Gresham Professor of Divinity" 1536:
Margaret Murray and the Distinguished Professor Hutton
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7 February 2004. (Hutton's original article available
1257:"Romano-British Reuse of Prehistoric Ritual Sites" in 1430:
Christopher W. Marsh, Review of Stations of the Sun,
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Bristol University and first publications: 1981–1990
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International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004
1515: (archived 28 August 2005)) (A critical review) 961: 693:referring to it as "an authority on the history of 214: 203: 195: 190: 175: 153: 148: 136: 99: 91: 62: 23: 927:of 1605 had succeeded in its aims of the death of 1290:, documentary on Wicca and Gerald Gardener, 2012. 520:itself." It thereby examined religion during the 3948:Researchers of new religious movements and cults 2627:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 2474:Listen to 'The Changing Face of Manx Witchcraft' 2356:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 1751:Hutton, Ronald (Dec 1998). "Roots and rituals". 1587:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 573:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 508:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 500:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 419:Hutton on his views of European witchcraft, 2010 327:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 105:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 2241:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 1987: 1985: 1983: 1605:by Robert Carver in The Spectator (a review of 853: 782: 755:In 2003, Hambledon & London also published 398: 210:, pre-Christian religion, contemporary Paganism 2232:. Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, U.S.: Blackwell. 1421:Barry Collett, Review of Stations of the Sun, 1084:Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) 1069:Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) 1053:Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) 3958:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire 2855: 2495: 1801:(Thesis). Oxford University Research Archive. 1590:by Max Dashu, 1998 (suppressedhistories.net). 728:Hutton next turned his attention to Siberian 8: 3933:People educated at Ilford County High School 2149:"Professor Hutton's Curiosities (TV Series)" 2083:(Supplement). 30 December 2023. p. N10. 1735: 1733: 897:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 2096:"What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?" 1100:Hambledon and London (London and New York) 2923: 2862: 2848: 2840: 2502: 2488: 2480: 1278:1991 Educational Excursions 1-878877-06-2 947: 54: 20: 2465:by Ronald Hutton, Mt Haemus Award Lecture 1897:"Pagan Britain by Ronald Hutton – review" 1453:Review of Witches, Druids and King Arthur 921:What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded? 644:, and in the preface Hutton stated that: 467:. From Cambridge, he went on to study at 1955: 1953: 1501: (archived 8 January 2006). Sent to 432:, whilst becoming greatly interested in 3953:Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales 1625: 1481:de BlΓ©court, Willem (2017). Review of 424:Hutton was born on 19 December 1953 in 3893:Academics of the University of Bristol 1778: 1776: 1774: 591:Studies of British folklore: 1994–1996 297:and became particularly interested in 7: 3699:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 2594:Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld 2585:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia 1574:. Book review: The Druids: A History 685:Response from the Neopagan community 1944:Farrell-Roberts, Jani. (May 2003). 1439:Jonathan Roper, Review of Shamans, 3783:Left-hand path and right-hand path 599:, both of which were published by 332:The Rise and Fall of Merry England 111:The Rise and Fall of Merry England 14: 3903:British people of Russian descent 2775:Modern Paganism in World Cultures 1547:by Farrell-Roberts and Hutton in 1433:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 1037:Blackwell (Oxford and Cambridge) 968:The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646 664:'. The fact that it claims to be 493:The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646 3438:Spellwork / Incantation 2910: 2567:Persuasions of the Witch's Craft 2250:. London: Yale University Press. 1418:, Vol. 20 #1, (1998): pp. 33-65. 1377:Secrets of Great British Castles 3860:Witchcraft Research Association 2730:Scarboro, Campbell and Stave's 2050:Witches, Druids and King Arthur 1633:Wales, The Learned Society of. 1161:Yale University Press (London) 1109:Witches, Druids and King Arthur 757:Witches, Druids and King Arthur 747:journal, Jonathan Roper of the 743:In his review for the academic 722:Witches, Druids and King Arthur 360:Witches, Druids and King Arthur 3855:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 3267:Holly King / Oak King 2763:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel's 2352:Long, Asphodel (Summer 1992). 2094:Ronald Hutton (1 April 2001). 1300:Professor Hutton's Curiosities 1261:Vol. 42 (2011), pp. 1–22. 1015:The British Republic 1649–1660 381:in 2013, Hutton was appointed 377:in 2011, then a Fellow of the 1: 2810:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 2702:Introduction to Pagan Studies 2576:Never Again the Burning Times 2463:The Origins of Modern Druidry 1660:"Professor Ronald Hutton FBA" 1504:The Times Literary Supplement 1218:The Making of Oliver Cromwell 487:In 1981, Hutton moved to the 383:Gresham Professor of Divinity 3943:Academics of Gresham College 3758:List of Wiccan organisations 1725:International Who's Who 2003 1639:The Learned Society of Wales 1594:A Review of Ronald Hutton's 1585:A review of Ronald Hutton's 1577:Hutton, Ronald, 01/12/1996, 813:, and released in May 2009. 475:and took up a fellowship at 358:in the western imagination; 2956:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 1859: 1336:Tales from the Green Valley 1302:, documentary series, 2013. 931:and the destruction of the 915:Seventeenth century Britain 457:Pembroke College, Cambridge 303:Pembroke College, Cambridge 278:, and is a Commissioner of 160:Pembroke College, Cambridge 3974: 2987:Church and School of Wicca 2908: 2662:and theological approaches 2061: 2036: 2024: 1991: 1932: 1920: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1811: 1782: 1739: 1709: 636:. The book dealt with the 625: 505: 348:. Subsequent work include 3706:The Meaning of Witchcraft 2826: 2517: 2121:"4Press | Channel 4" 1874:Sixteenth Century Journal 1554:Long, Asphodel P. (1992) 1424:Sixteenth Century Journal 1294:A Very British Witchcraft 1232: 1216: 1200: 1184: 1168: 1152: 1137: 1124:Debates in Stuart History 1122: 1107: 1091: 1075: 1060: 1044: 1028: 1013: 997: 981: 966: 958: 955: 952: 903:for services to history. 640:of the Pagan religion of 430:Ilford County High School 224: 144: 53: 3913:Historians of witchcraft 3305:Wiccan views of divinity 3042:Universal Eclectic Wicca 2727:(1979, 1986, 1996, 2006) 1329:Ghosthunters (TV series) 1314:Scariest Places on Earth 1193:Oxford University Press 869:Interviewing Hutton for 571:Druids. On the basis of 375:Learned Society of Wales 373:Elected a Fellow of the 307:Magdalen College, Oxford 276:Magdalen College, Oxford 167:Magdalen College, Oxford 3788:Cunning folk in Britain 2786:Academic, peer-reviewed 2713:Sociological approaches 2638:The Triumph of the Moon 2556:folkloristic approaches 2246:Hutton, Ronald (2009). 2237:Hutton, Ronald (1999). 2228:Hutton, Ronald (1991). 1795:Ronald, Hutton (1980). 1470:Christopher Chippindale 1427:, 29/1 (1998): 241–243. 1272:England's Haunted Hills 860:Hutton on history, 2007 845:that cannot be right." 749:University of Sheffield 628:The Triumph of the Moon 620:The Triumph of the Moon 601:Oxford University Press 448:castle and a temple on 341:The Triumph of the Moon 336:The Stations of the Sun 311:The Royalist War Effort 122:The Triumph of the Moon 116:The Stations of the Sun 3928:Pagan studies scholars 3572:Magical tools in Wicca 3144:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 2744:A Community of Witches 2269:10.1558/pome.v12i2.239 1466:, 7/1 (2005): 101–103. 1458:1 October 2011 at the 1398:Reviews and assessment 1384:The Pendle Witch Child 1241:Yale University Press 1225:Yale University Press 1209:Yale University Press 857: 786: 705:'s theories about the 679:new religious movement 416: 406:Charles Godfrey Leland 264:pre-Christian religion 3908:English modern pagans 3778:Witch-cult hypothesis 3734:Charge of the Goddess 3475:Solitary practitioner 3393:Drawing down the Moon 3174:Cerridwen Fallingstar 2895:Wicca and LGBT people 2766:Nature Religion Today 2724:Drawing Down the Moon 2616:Historical approaches 2530:Contemporary paganism 1436:, 50 (1999): 133–135. 1324:(Episode #10.3, 1998) 1139:The Druids: A History 901:2024 New Year Honours 895:Hutton was appointed 489:University of Bristol 442:Ascott-under-Wychwood 408:'s "witches' gospel" 394:Early life: 1953–1980 272:University of Bristol 270:. A professor at the 219:University of Bristol 3923:Modern pagan writers 2951:Central Valley Wicca 2345:Fifty Years of Wicca 2278:Non-academic sources 2201:"Reviews in History" 1358:Tudor Monastery Farm 1296:, documentary, 2013. 1146:Hambledon Continuum 734:Hambledon and London 471:, where he gained a 256:early modern Britain 231:Ronald Edmund Hutton 140:Professor of History 67:Ronald Edmund Hutton 3799:Malleus Maleficarum 3793:European witchcraft 3773:Neopagan witchcraft 2928:British Traditional 2871:Neopagan witchcraft 2830:Pagan studies books 2649:Her Hidden Children 2554:Anthropological and 2544:Western esotericism 2390:The Daily Telegraph 1664:The British Academy 1596:Blood and Mistletoe 1493:Hill, J. D. (2004) 1288:Britain's Wicca Man 1131:Palgrave Macmillan 1022:Palgrave Macmillan 975:Routledge (London) 949: 841:The Daily Telegraph 828:Blood and Mistletoe 776:Blood and Mistletoe 463:, an expert on the 368:Blood and Mistletoe 149:Academic background 3938:People from Ilford 3898:English historians 3814:Magical alphabets 3763:Bricket Wood coven 3741:Enchanted Feminism 3134:Zsuzsanna Budapest 2890:Etymology of Wicca 2671:Enchanted Feminism 2080:The London Gazette 1609:by Ronald Hutton)] 1598:in the Independent 1488:Reviews in History 1321:Unsolved Mysteries 1164:978-0-300-14485-7 948: 807:Mount Haemus Award 658:Continental Europe 587:and John Michell. 542:Anglo-Saxon period 518:early Christianity 356:Siberian shamanism 319:Charles the Second 3875: 3874: 3496:Wheel of the Year 3149:Patricia Crowther 3050: 3049: 2936:Alexandrian Wicca 2901:Dettmer v. Landon 2837: 2836: 2755:Interdisciplinary 2733:Living Witchcraft 2682:Gods of the Blood 2660:Religious studies 2327:on 9 January 2010 2286:Barrett, David V. 1742:. p. dust jacket. 1566:Barrett, David V. 1248: 1247: 875:, the journalist 469:Oxford University 354:(2001), covering 228: 227: 171: 164: 95:Historian, author 3965: 3845:Witches' Sabbath 3768:New Forest coven 3727:Witchcraft Today 3713:The Spiral Dance 3260:Spirit of nature 3219:Silver RavenWolf 3164:Scott Cunningham 3154:Vivianne Crowley 3124:Raymond Buckland 2992:Cochrane's Craft 2961:Gardnerian Wicca 2924: 2914: 2885:History of Wicca 2864: 2857: 2850: 2841: 2605:Witching Culture 2504: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2437: 2416: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2348: 2341:Lamond, Frederic 2336: 2334: 2332: 2323:. Archived from 2306: 2304: 2302: 2272: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2209: 2208: 2207:on 23 June 2002. 2203:. Archived from 2197: 2191: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1978: 1977: 1957: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1769: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1728: 1722: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1630: 1568:, 21 July 2007, 1562:39, Summer 1992. 1545:The Great Debate 1525:Whitmore, Ben. 1403:Academic reviews 1252:Journal articles 1087:9 780198 207443 1056:9 780198-203636 950: 884:were erroneous, 861: 818:David V. Barrett 793: 695:Gardnerian Wicca 668:history and not 585:Emma Restall Orr 581:Philip Carr-Gomm 549:Goddess movement 538:Roman occupation 477:Magdalen College 420: 280:English Heritage 253: 208:English folklore 169: 162: 80: 77:19 December 1953 76: 74: 58: 48: 21: 16:English academic 3973: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3850:Flying ointment 3746: 3720:What Witches Do 3686: 3607:Book of Shadows 3560: 3484: 3463:Rite of passage 3428:Herbal medicine 3385: 3379: 3290:Wiccan morality 3282: 3276: 3233: 3214:Rosaleen Norton 3209:Frederic Lamond 3204:Philip Heselton 3159:Robert Cochrane 3139:Charles Cardell 3129:Eddie Buczynski 3099:Victor Anderson 3069:Doreen Valiente 3056: 3046: 2965: 2946:Blue Star Wicca 2915: 2906: 2873: 2868: 2838: 2833: 2822: 2803:The Pomegranate 2787: 2781: 2756: 2750: 2708: 2661: 2655: 2611: 2555: 2549: 2537:Nature religion 2513: 2508: 2445: 2440: 2434: 2426:. p. 265. 2419: 2404: 2395: 2393: 2383:(17 May 2009). 2379: 2370: 2368: 2351: 2339: 2330: 2328: 2320:The Independent 2313:(13 May 2007). 2309: 2300: 2298: 2295:The Independent 2288:(15 May 2009). 2284: 2275: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2189:The Independent 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2048:Ronald Hutton, 2047: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1981: 1959: 1958: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1785:. pp. xii–xiii. 1781: 1772: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1731: 1723: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1635:"Ronald Hutton" 1632: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1541:Wayback Machine 1522: 1513:Wayback Machine 1499:Wayback Machine 1460:Wayback Machine 1449:Chas S. Clifton 1405: 1400: 1391:Cunk On Britain 1309: 1284: 1268: 1254: 1244:978-0300261011 1228:978-0300257458 1212:978-0300229042 1196:978-0300197716 1180:978-1845297046 946: 941: 917: 909: 886:Margaret Murray 872:The Independent 863: 859: 851: 823:The Independent 816:In a review by 795: 788: 780: 726: 703:Margaret Murray 691:Frederic Lamond 687: 630: 624: 593: 510: 504: 485: 422: 418: 396: 391: 379:British Academy 315:The Restoration 268:modern paganism 233: 165: 126: 119: 114: 109: 87: 81: 78: 72: 70: 69: 68: 49: 28: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3880: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3702: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3682:Witch's ladder 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3627:Chalice/Goblet 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3469:Eko Eko Azarak 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3340:The Summerland 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3272:Mother goddess 3269: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3252: 3247: 3245:Triple Goddess 3241: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3189:Raven Grimassi 3186: 3184:Stewart Farrar 3181: 3176: 3171: 3169:Phyllis Curott 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3079:Maxine Sanders 3076: 3071: 3066: 3064:Gerald Gardner 3060: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3022:Odyssean Wicca 3019: 3017:Georgian Wicca 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2977:1734 Tradition 2973: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2930: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2835: 2834: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2791: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2757:edited volumes 2752: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2737: 2728: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2697: 2693:Pagan Theology 2686: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2642: 2631: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2598: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2559: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2451: 2444: 2443:External links 2441: 2439: 2438: 2432: 2417: 2408:Kindred Spirit 2402: 2377: 2362:Wood and Water 2349: 2347:. Green Magic. 2337: 2307: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2263:(2): 239–262. 2252: 2243: 2234: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2221:Academic books 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2192: 2181: 2154: 2140: 2126: 2112: 2086: 2066: 2054: 2041: 2029: 2017: 1996: 1979: 1968:(1): 113–115. 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1895:Robb, Graham. 1887: 1864: 1852: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1804: 1787: 1770: 1744: 1729: 1727:, p. 265. 1714: 1702: 1676: 1651: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1600: 1591: 1582: 1575: 1563: 1560:Wood and Water 1552: 1532: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1491: 1479: 1467: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1419: 1408:Donald Frew. 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1370:Ancient Aliens 1366: 1361: 1354: 1350:Victorian Farm 1346: 1343:Edwardian Farm 1339: 1332: 1325: 1317: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1103:1-85295-324-7 1101: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1041: 1040:0-631-18946-7 1038: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1009:0-19-822911-9 1007: 1004: 1001: 995: 994: 993:0-19-822698-5 991: 988: 985: 979: 978: 976: 973: 970: 964: 963: 960: 957: 954: 945: 942: 940: 937: 933:House of Lords 925:Gunpowder Plot 916: 913: 908: 905: 890:Gerald Gardner 852: 850: 847: 781: 779: 769: 761:J.R.R. Tolkien 725: 715: 686: 683: 674: 673: 626:Main article: 623: 617: 592: 589: 506:Main article: 503: 497: 484: 481: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 226: 225: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 205: 204:Sub-discipline 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 179: 173: 172: 157: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 101: 100:Known for 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 82: 66: 64: 60: 59: 51: 50: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3970: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3918:Living people 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3867: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3835:Witching hour 3833: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3717: 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Lewis 707:Witch-Cult 530:Bronze Age 426:Ootacamund 364:The Druids 287:Ootacamund 258:, British 196:Discipline 155:Alma mater 84:Ootacamund 73:1953-12-19 3642:Parchment 3556:Wild Hunt 3526:Midsummer 3443:Banishing 3408:Wiccaning 3255:Green Man 3032:Seax-Wica 2678:Gardell's 2645:Clifton's 2052:, p. 269. 1923:. p. vii. 1862:. p. xiv. 1838:. p. 257. 1824:Long 1992 1814:. p. vii. 1766:0018-2753 1712:. p. 240. 1695:29 August 1644:22 August 1620:Footnotes 1607:The Witch 1483:The Witch 1259:Britannia 1177:Robinson 730:shamanism 553:Max Dashu 526:Neolithic 473:doctorate 465:Neolithic 446:Hen Domen 389:Biography 385:in 2022. 3667:Talisman 3647:Pentacle 3617:Cauldron 3501:Solstice 3489:Holidays 3370:Familiar 3360:Summoner 3283:concepts 3224:Starhawk 2788:journals 2740:Berger's 2634:Hutton's 2623:Hutton's 2573:Orion's 2523:Paganism 2415:: 32–34. 2371:5 August 2343:(2004). 2064:. p. 33. 1974:30035256 1962:Folklore 1478:, (1992) 1456:Archived 1442:Folklore 745:Folklore 597:folklore 563:, it is 534:Iron Age 370:(2009). 334:(1994), 330:(1991), 321:(1990). 313:(1981), 285:Born in 260:folklore 3751:Related 3657:Scourge 3637:Incense 3612:Candles 3541:Samhain 3521:Beltane 3506:Equinox 3433:Scrying 3375:Animism 3355:Skyclad 3238:Deities 3104:Artemis 3057:figures 3055:Notable 2878:History 2720:Adler's 2699:Davy's 2582:Hume's 2216:Sources 1882:2544475 1669:1 March 1551:, 2003. 1539:at the 1531:, 2010. 1511:at the 1497:at the 919:In his 799:Druidry 732:, with 718:Shamans 638:history 577:Avebury 351:Shamans 243:FRHistS 199:History 170:(DPhil) 129:Shamans 125:(1999), 118:(1996), 113:(1994), 108:(1991), 86:, India 38:FRHistS 3828:Hebrew 3823:Theban 3662:Statue 3622:Censer 3602:Boline 3587:Athame 3582:Amulet 3516:Ostara 3511:Imbolc 2778:(2005) 2769:(1998) 2747:(1999) 2736:(1994) 2705:(2007) 2696:(2003) 2689:York's 2685:(2003) 2674:(2002) 2652:(2005) 2641:(1999) 2630:(1991) 2608:(2004) 2597:(2000) 2588:(1997) 2579:(1995) 2570:(1989) 2430:  2163:"imdb" 1972:  1880:  1764:  953:Title 792:, 2007 709:using 565:mortis 411:Aradia 295:Ilford 266:, and 177:Thesis 132:(2001) 3818:Runes 3652:Runes 3597:Besom 3577:Altar 3551:Esbat 3536:Mabon 3384:Rites 3350:Karma 3320:Magic 3310:Coven 2970:Other 2796:Aries 1970:JSTOR 1878:JSTOR 1266:Tapes 1238:2022 1222:2021 1206:2017 1190:2013 1174:2011 1158:2009 1143:2007 1128:2004 1113:2003 1097:2001 1081:1999 1066:1996 1050:1994 1034:1991 1019:1990 1003:1989 987:1985 972:1982 962:ISBN 956:Year 944:Books 907:Works 642:Wicca 561:rigor 450:Malta 291:India 249: 245: 241: 237: 137:Title 44: 40: 36: 32: 3677:Wand 3632:Horn 3592:Bell 3546:Yule 3089:Dafo 3012:Feri 2458:IMDb 2428:ISBN 2398:2011 2373:2016 2333:2011 2303:2011 2176:2022 2168:IMDb 2107:2008 2012:2008 1908:2015 1762:ISSN 1697:2023 1671:2023 1646:2023 1509:here 888:and 774:and 763:and 720:and 660:and 540:and 247:FLSW 163:(BA) 63:Born 42:FLSW 3281:Key 2456:at 2413:108 2265:doi 2100:BBC 1966:116 1412:. 838:in 820:in 670:the 567:." 251:FBA 239:FSA 235:CBE 46:FBA 34:FSA 30:CBE 3884:: 2411:. 2387:. 2366:39 2364:. 2360:. 2317:. 2292:. 2261:12 2259:. 2165:. 2098:. 2077:. 1982:^ 1964:. 1952:^ 1899:. 1876:. 1773:^ 1758:48 1732:^ 1717:^ 1687:. 1662:. 1637:. 1558:, 1485:, 1462:, 1451:, 826:, 767:. 681:. 656:, 603:: 583:, 536:, 532:, 528:, 524:, 479:. 289:, 282:. 262:, 75:) 3868:" 3864:" 2863:e 2856:t 2849:v 2503:e 2496:t 2489:v 2436:. 2400:. 2375:. 2358:" 2335:. 2305:. 2271:. 2267:: 2178:. 2151:. 2137:. 2123:. 2109:. 2039:. 2027:. 2014:. 1994:. 1976:. 1910:. 1884:. 1850:. 1826:. 1768:. 1699:. 1673:. 1648:. 666:a 71:(

Index

CBE
FSA
FRHistS
FLSW
FBA

Ootacamund
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
The Triumph of the Moon
Shamans
Alma mater
Pembroke College, Cambridge
Magdalen College, Oxford
Thesis
The Royalist war effort in Wales and the West Midlands, 1642–1646
English folklore
University of Bristol
CBE
FSA
FRHistS
FLSW
FBA
early modern Britain
folklore
pre-Christian religion
modern paganism
University of Bristol
Magdalen College, Oxford
English Heritage
Ootacamund

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