654:, which had held Skirth's memoirs since 1999, "...has admitted they are mostly fictional". The report was based on research begun by Ruth Ward as part of a campaign to clear the name of her grandfather, Bernard Bromley, who had served with Skirth and whose character Skirth had besmirched. Ward's research, which was lodged with the Imperial War Museum when it was completed in 2014, identified significant discrepancies in Skirth's account. It revealed differences in the biographical information of characters and in events described by Skirth when compared to official historical sources. Ward concludes that "Skirth's war memoir was not a genuine account, or a semi-fictional one, but a satire" which "unfairly represented genuine figures" to "subtly and implicitly" ridicule the shortcomings of the British Army.
636:
and his insane CO refused to leave—Skirth claims to have disobeyed his direct order and fled with his pal Jock Shiels—yet according to the CWG Register, John Shiels of 293 Battery RGA was killed on 18th July 1917. When the battery is later sent to Italy, Skirth is quite clear that it was without guns as late on as April 1918. The war diary, on the other hand, records them firing bombardments on numerous occasions. The overall impression he gives of the tiny scale of one man caught up in a huge and apparently indifferent military machine in a war like none previous is impressive – but should be treated with great caution as factual history.
97:
77:
281:, in which two of his closest friends, Bill and Geordie, were killed. On the same day he had an "epiphany" when he stumbled across the body of a dead German of about his own age, and realised that one of the shells he had targeted might well have killed him. This was to mark a turning point in his thinking about the war as he determined that he was morally responsible for his actions and for their consequences, despite the chain of command.
476:
524:. Barrett wrote in an introduction that he felt that Skirth's story "deserved as wide an audience as possible—and to be read in its protagonist's own words". Skirth's daughter Jean, who had given permission for the memoir to be published remained uncertain whether publishing the memoir was what her father would have wanted, but believed that it was important that his story should be widely known. The book carried a foreword by
423:, convinced that "King and Country" were causes worth fighting for, it was not long before he became disillusioned with the war and the army. He attributed this to a combination of his sensitive character, his Christian upbringing and sense of right and wrong, and, most significantly, the horror of his war experiences.
600:
456:, and in particular his experience of disillusionment. Although he initially intended to focus on his relationship with his wife Ella, touching on the war only briefly, he soon felt under a "compulsion" to write more about his war experiences. He worked on the memoir for over a year, eventually filling five green
613:
Skirth’s writing may be uneven but it carries the unmistakable tenor of honesty and true belief, not least in his disgust at the behaviour of many of his superiors. His descriptions of seeing his friends gassed and blown to bits are moving as much for what he can’t bring himself to write, as for what
579:
important contribution to the literature of the war ... a remorseless condemnation of war and support for the stance of the absolute pacifist ... I would certainly buy this book even if I had not been sent a review copy, and whenever I get too misty-eyed about officer-man relationships I shall reread
640:
In response to general criticism received after initial publication that Skirth was a liar or a fantasist, Barrett revised his introduction to the paperback edition, published in 2011. He recognised that there were discrepancies between Skirth's account and historical sources which made his book an
635:
He movingly describes two friends and an officer being killed on
Messines Ridge on 8th June 1917—but the unit war diary notes no casualties and the named officer isn't on the Commonwealth War Graves Register. In November 1917 he says his battery was so far forward that they were ordered to withdraw
467:
Skirth gave the memoir to his daughter Jean in 1975, two years before his death in 1977. Although for many years she found it too upsetting to read in full, she felt that it was a story that should be shared with others, and in 1999 she donated four of the five ring binders, containing the bulk of
311:
In Italy, Skirth made a resolution that he would do everything within his power to avoid further loss of human life. He felt that the "just war" he had signed up for was anything but just, and was disillusioned with the army and the conduct of the war. In a church in the
Italian village of
217:, both in 1917, led him to resolve not to take human life, and for the rest of his army service he made deliberate errors in targeting calculations to try to ensure the guns of his battery missed their aiming point on the first attempt, giving the enemy a chance to evacuate.
332:, introducing minor errors into his trajectory calculations so as to mistarget the guns, such that they "never once hit an inhabited target" on the first attempt, giving the enemy a chance to evacuate. His actions were never discovered by his superiors.
288:, Skirth and another friend, Jock Shiels, left their post when they discovered that their commanding officer had ignored an order to withdraw from the front line. Skirth was knocked out by a shell which killed Shiels, and subsequently suffered from
378:, the family was evacuated to South Wales with Skirth’s school. In his forties by this point and suffering from ill health, he was not expected to fight, but his anti-war views earned him the labels "crank, visionary, communistic and impractical".
580:
it to remind me of how badly things could go wrong. And of just how vital it is, for any democratic society seeking to use war as an instrument of policy, to ensure that the connection between war's means and its political ends is crystal clear.
416:. He had an intense love of beauty, which he found all around him in music, architecture and the natural world. On the Western Front, he wrote, he was "deprived of the one thing that to me was as precious as life itself, my love of beauty".
381:
After the war, the family returned to Ealing, where Skirth and his wife Ella lived, in various homes, throughout their life together, and where he continued to work as a teacher until he took early retirement in 1958. He died there in 1977.
266:, responsible for making the calculations necessary to target the large guns of a field battery. When he argued with a superior officer over whether to use a French church for target practice he was demoted in rank from
371:, they married, on 29 December 1924, at the Church of St Barnabus in Bexhill. In September 1929 their only child was born, a daughter whom they named Jean. (They had expected a boy, who would have been called John.)
355:
In
September 1919 Skirth returned to England, to commence teacher training, for which he had signed up before leaving to serve in the army. He trained in London, and after graduating taught briefly at a school in
802:
If the reader truly wants illumination, or a book which will speak to the face of battle for soldiers during and after the Great War, then don't waste your time on the poorly researched, poorly written
335:
Apparently he carried out this sabotage while still in Italy where he remained until
February 1919, aside from a fortnight of leave back in England in November and December 1918. He received the
438:
than take up arms against a hostile force. Writing in the early 1970s, he expressed hope that the next generation of political leaders would not make the same mistakes as their forebears.
220:
Many years later, after retiring from a career as a teacher, he wrote a memoir of his years in the army, describing his disillusionment with the conduct of the war and his conversion to
367:
In 1923 he and Ella
Christian became engaged and the following year, after Skirth secured a job at the Little Ealing Senior Boys' School and found a flat they could share in
262:, and having requested that the process be expedited, he was called up in October 1916, two months before his 19th birthday. He became a Battery Commander's Assistant in the
614:
he can. The book began as the story of his marriage to the girl who waited for him back home, and that sense of a happy ending shines through even the bleakest moments.
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320:, he made a private pact with God that he would never again help to take a human life. He wrote to his future wife, Ella Christian, claiming that he had become a
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785:
452:
In
January 1971, having retired from his teaching career, Skirth began work on a handwritten memoir which described his conduct and experiences during the
1662:
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Once it was made available to researchers and academics, Skirth's memoir began to attract attention, and his story was featured in
Richard Schweitzer's
33:
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A self-confessed 'dreamer' with a romantic sensibility, Skirth was very fond of literature, and in particular poetry; he took with him to the
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in
December 1917, where his battery was being reorganised. There, following a relapse of shell-shock, he was treated in hospital in
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unreliable history, but still considered the book a valuable memoir of one man's personal experiences.
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magazine remarks on the disparities between official war records and Skirth's version of events:
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544:", Snow acknowledged that "If Ronald Skirth was a 'lion', Thom Snow was ultimately a 'donkey'."
464:, he repeatedly went back to the material, editing, amending and adding to what he had written.
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reported that Skirth had been "...exposed for character assassination..." and that the
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786:"McCulloch on Barrett, 'Casualty Figures: How Five Men Survived the First World War.'"
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502:(2008), in which Hislop interviewed Jean Skirth about her father's war experiences.
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for the rest of his life. He believed that
Britain should not have declared war on
1307:"The Reluctant Tommy – Ronald Skirth's extraordinary memoir of the First World War"
259:
255:
195:
102:
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The
Reluctant Tommy: Ronald Skirth's Extraordinary Memoir of the First World War
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with many hundreds of pages, and over the next few years, despite suffering two
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296:. Following a period of convalescence in hospital in France, he was sent to the
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1064:"Index entry—Deaths April, May, June 1977—Skirth John Ronald, Hounslow 13 1184"
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Although Skirth had volunteered for the Army in 1915, as an idealistic
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1271:"The Reluctant Tommy: British soldier who became an anti-war saboteur"
1441:"The Reluctant Tommy: British soldier who became an anti-war saboteur
744:"Index entry—Births March 1898—Skirth John Ronald, Chelmsford 4a 571"
461:
368:
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The Reluctant Tommy: An Extraordinary Memoir of the First World War
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301:
1416:"Great War Hero who Vowed Not to Kill, Even if it Meant Sabotage"
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A Study Examining the Authenticity of John Ronald Skirth's Memoir
1289:"Great War Hero who Vowed Not to Kill, Even if it Meant Sabotage"
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913:(fee usually required to view pdf image of original medal card)
540:. Referring to the popular description of the lower ranks as "
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Not all criticism has been favourable. A review in the BBC's
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the memoir but excluding its more personal sections, to the
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in 1939 and claimed that he would rather surrender and face
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Casualty Figures: How Five Men Survived the First World War
772:
Casualty Figures: How Five Men Survived the First World War
680:
Casualty Figures: How Five Men Survived the First World War
360:, before transferring in 1922 to a post at a school in
1196:, Series 3, Episode 1/1, Channel 4, 10 November 2008.
1141:
Skirth and Barrett 2010, pp.352 – 353.
984:
Skirth and Barrett 2010, pp.334 – 335.
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and, in an article written by the book's editor, the
1313:, no. 34, Bristol: BBC Magazines, p. 90,
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1455:"Flanders turned Ronald into the Reluctant Tommy"
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1008:"Flanders turned Ronald into the Reluctant Tommy"
510:In 2010 the memoir was published in book form by
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718:Skirth, Ronald (2010). Barrett, Duncan (ed.).
1487:"A Decent Man's Rage Against the War Machine"
1232:"A Decent Man's Rage Against the War Machine"
328:. He also began a campaign of small acts of
16:Conscientious objector of the First World War
8:
1068:England & Wales, Death Index: 1916–2005
426:After the war, Skirth remained a convinced
1462:"Not Forgotten:The Men Who Wouldn't Fight"
1342:"Reluctant Tommy book 'clearly fictional'"
707:. Canadian Army Journal 17.3. p. 147.
532:, in which he wrote about his grandfather
472:in London, where they remain to this day.
31:
20:
1464:, Series3, episode 1/1, 10 November 2008.
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1193:Not Forgotten: The Men Who Wouldn't Fight
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555:received largely favourable reviews by
343:for his war service but declined the
224:. In 2010 the memoir was published as
1633:British Army personnel of World War I
1123:Skirth and Barrett 2010, pp.345, 351.
7:
1032:Skirth and Barrett 2010, pp.336, 338
910:"Medal card of Skirth, John B (sic)"
1668:Military personnel from East Sussex
1643:British anti–World War I activists
1628:Military personnel from Chelmsford
1269:Basketter, Simon (20 April 2010),
14:
1663:Royal Garrison Artillery soldiers
1345:. The Sunday Times. 27 March 2011
1287:Barrett, Duncan (11 April 2010),
1230:Holmes, Richard (15 April 2010),
1217:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.viii.
1053:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.xiii.
966:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p. 334.
784:McCulloch, Ian (December 2008).
598:
194:(11 December 1897 – 1977) was a
180:Second Battle of the Piave River
95:
75:
1181:Imperial War Museum collections
1171:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.xiv.
1159:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.xii.
1132:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.351.
1096:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.130.
1023:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.344.
993:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.338.
899:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.280.
890:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.297.
854:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.160.
827:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p. 77.
479:The Imperial War Museum, London
1564:"Medal card of Skirth, John B"
1253:"The Reluctant Tommy (review)"
1251:Gibbs, Jonathan (1 May 2010),
1208:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.xv.
1114:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.75.
1105:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.24.
948:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.333
752:Office for National Statistics
1:
1150:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.x.
957:Skirth and Barrett 2010, p.13
678:described Michelle Barrett's
254:, having volunteered for the
1658:20th-century English writers
1305:Tomaselli, Phil (May 2010),
500:: The Men Who Wouldn't Fight
66:1977 (aged 79–80)
1566:, accessed 4 November 2010.
1471:, accessed 4 November 2010.
1330:Barrett 2011, pp. xxi–xxiii
792:. Michigan State University
404:. His favourite poets were
209:His experiences during the
1684:
1648:People from Bexhill-on-Sea
1498:The Cross and the Trenches
563:and Jonathan Gibbs in the
487:(2003), Michele Barrett's
485:The Cross and the Trenches
445:
238:Early life and war service
1540:; Skirth, Ronald (2011).
1514:; Skirth, Ronald (2010).
1311:Who do you think you are?
672:Michigan State University
394:a much-annotated copy of
277:Skirth saw action in the
30:
1377:" (2014). LBY 14 / 695.
863:Barrett 2007, pp. 76–78.
836:Barrett 2007, pp. 79–80.
818:Barrett 2007, pp. 70–72.
629:Who Do You Think You Are
264:Royal Garrison Artillery
200:Royal Garrison Artillery
143:Royal Garrison Artillery
1638:British autobiographers
1562:The National Archives.
1451:Bexhill-on-Sea Observer
1012:Bexhill-on-Sea Observer
1006:Anon. (29 April 2010),
676:Canadian Forces College
674:, Ian McCulloch of the
567:as well as coverage in
396:Francis Turner Palgrave
286:Battle of Passchendaele
215:Battle of Passchendaele
168:Battle of Passchendaele
682:as "poorly researched"
638:
625:
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326:conscientious objector
304:and at the mud spa at
1582:Canadian Army Journal
1575:"The Satirical Tommy"
1546:Pan Macmillan Limited
1520:Pan Macmillan Limited
1496:Schweitzer, Richard.
1476:"The Reluctant Tommy"
1469:"Skirth, John Ronald"
921:The National Archives
774:. Verso, 2007, p. 67.
478:
386:Character and beliefs
109:Years of service
1087:Barrett 2007, p. 68.
1041:Barrett 2007, p. 66.
939:Barrett 2007, p. 89.
881:Barrett 2007, p. 87.
872:Barrett 2007, p. 84.
542:lions led by donkeys
410:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1573:Ward, Ruth (2017).
1542:The Reluctant Tommy
1516:The Reluctant Tommy
1379:Imperial War Museum
975:Barrett 2007, p.90.
845:Barrett 2007, p.78.
705:The Satirical Tommy
703:Ward, Ruth (2017).
652:Imperial War Museum
553:The Reluctant Tommy
470:Imperial War Museum
448:The Reluctant Tommy
242:Skirth was born in
227:The Reluctant Tommy
1439:Basketter, Simon.
1425:Barrett, Michele.
770:Barrett, Michele.
538:Thomas D'Oyly Snow
534:Lieutenant-General
481:
279:Battle of Messines
211:Battle of Messines
198:who served in the
192:John Ronald Skirth
163:Battle of Messines
140:293 Siege Battery,
43:John Ronald Skirth
25:John Ronald Skirth
1544:(2011 ed.).
1529:978-0-230-74673-2
1518:(2010 ed.).
1500:. Praeger, 2003.
1485:Holmes, Richard.
1474:Gibbs, Jonathan.
1414:Barrett, Duncan.
729:978-0-230-74673-2
548:Critical reaction
337:British War Medal
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1373:Ward, Ruth. "
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722:. Macmillan.
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498:Not Forgotten
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429:
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392:Western Front
385:
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341:Victory Medal
338:
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298:Italian Front
295:
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175:Italian Front
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158:Western Front
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93:
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22:
19:
1597:. Retrieved
1585:
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1515:
1497:
1490:
1479:
1450:
1444:
1426:
1419:
1396:
1387:
1368:
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1347:. Retrieved
1335:
1326:
1310:
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1292:
1282:
1274:
1264:
1256:
1235:
1213:
1192:
1187:
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1128:
1119:
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1101:
1092:
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1072:, retrieved
1067:
1058:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1011:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:24 September
924:, retrieved
916:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
814:
804:
801:
794:. Retrieved
789:
779:
771:
766:
757:22 September
755:, retrieved
747:
738:
719:
713:
704:
698:
679:
666:
645:
643:
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628:
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520:, edited by
515:
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466:
458:ring binders
451:
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389:
380:
373:
366:
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334:
310:
283:
276:
260:Derby Scheme
256:British Army
241:
230:, edited by
225:
219:
208:
191:
190:
149:Battles/wars
103:British Army
18:
1653:War writers
1623:1977 deaths
1618:1897 births
1588:: 133–153.
1460:Channel 4.
1400:Ward p. 151
506:Publication
374:During the
314:San Martino
306:Montegrotto
290:shell-shock
284:During the
202:during the
1612:Categories
1599:21 October
1467:Free BMD.
1408:References
1349:21 October
1074:25 October
796:8 November
493:Ian Hislop
436:occupation
414:Lord Byron
406:John Keats
351:Later life
272:Bombardier
258:under the
244:Chelmsford
121:Bombardier
71:Allegiance
54:1897-12-11
40:Birth name
1594:926212813
1319:244797897
658:Footnotes
644:In 2011,
512:Macmillan
250:. In the
112:1916–1919
617:—
583:—
530:Jon Snow
428:pacifist
362:Uxbridge
330:sabotage
322:pacifist
268:Corporal
222:pacifism
213:and the
89:Service/
748:FreeBMD
559:in the
528:anchor
462:strokes
432:Germany
421:patriot
318:Vicenza
316:, near
294:amnesia
1592:
1552:
1526:
1504:
1433:
1317:
726:
442:Memoir
369:Ealing
324:and a
132:120331
100:
91:branch
80:
1578:(PDF)
790:H-Net
690:Notes
514:, as
302:Schio
1601:2018
1590:OCLC
1586:17.3
1550:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1351:2018
1315:OCLC
1076:2010
928:2010
798:2018
759:2010
724:ISBN
536:Sir
412:and
339:and
292:and
137:Unit
117:Rank
63:Died
48:Born
1443:",
398:'s
270:to
1614::
1584:.
1580:.
1548:.
1522:.
1489:,
1478:,
1453:.
1418:,
1309:,
1291:,
1273:,
1255:,
1243:^
1234:,
1222:^
1201:^
1164:^
1066:,
1046:^
1010:,
998:^
919:,
915:,
800:.
788:.
750:,
746:,
588:,
575:.
408:,
364:.
308:.
274:.
234:.
206:.
1603:.
1558:.
1532:.
1381:.
1353:.
807:.
732:.
56:)
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
