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51:
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Cohen became well versed in economics and politics, and fluent in three languages. After leaving the family home, Rose lived together with her sister Nellie in a flat on Grays Inn Road (London). In the 1910s, Rose and Nellie became active members of the East London
Federation of Suffragettes led by
440:
She denied all charges until 29 October 1937. A closed court hearing started at 2:20 pm on 28 November. Cohen was not given access to defence counsel or witnesses, "in accordance with the Law of 1 December 1934". She "pleaded not guilty, denied all charges, and refused to confirm her testimony
429:
and understood that he most likely would not return from a business trip. It seems that Rosa and David hoped to use their travels as an opportunity to leave Russia almost simultaneously and be saved. However, they had failed to acquire an exit visa for their son, and unwilling to leave without him,
511:
The CPGB opposed efforts by the
British government to get Cohen released, describing her arrest as an internal affair of the Soviet Union. Pollitt privately tried to intervene on her behalf, but by the time he did so she had already been shot. Twenty years after Cohen's death, Pollitt requested
542:
Cohen and David
Petrovsky's son, Alyosha, spent three years living in the orphanage after his parents' execution in 1937. In 1940 he was adopted from the orphanage by David Petrovsky’s cousin Rebecca Belkina, a doctor, and a major of the armed forces' medical service during the
441:
given during the preliminary investigation, claiming it was false." In her final statement she again pleaded not guilty. However, the ruling handed down twenty minutes after the start of legal proceedings declared Cohen guilty. That same day, Cohen was shot.
448:
in 1958). Their seven-year-old son, Alyosha, was placed in an orphanage with the label "son of the enemies of the people." Rose's sister and brothers told everyone that Rose and
Alyosha died in Russia of pneumonia and forgot about him for 50 years.
401:
In the summer of 1936, Cohen went to London but was not permitted to make the trip with her son, Alyosha, so he stayed behind. Her sister Nellie thought that Rose was "unhappy, and had it not been for
Alyosha might not have returned".
348:
In the beginning of 1929 Cohen married
Petrovsky, and in December 1929 she gave birth to their son Alexey (Alyosha). She spent six months that year overseas, travelling to China, Japan, Poland and Germany on Comintern business.
559:. Alyosha spent the rest of his childhood living in Siberia with her and her family. Afterwards, many years later, he earned a Ph.D.in geological and mineralogical sciences, and became an academician of the
437:. On 13 August she was arrested in Moscow. Cohen was accused of being: "a member of the anti-Soviet organization in the Comintern, spying for Great Britain, and the resident of British intelligence".
535:
On 8 August 1956 the
Military Collegium of the Soviet Union Supreme Court invalidated the 28 November 1937 ruling against Cohen. All charges were dropped and the case was dismissed for lack of
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508:
at the time of her arrest. Soviet records show that Cohen did not naturalise as a Soviet citizen. The protest of the
British Embassy was late and was officially expressed only in April 1938.
521:
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In 1925, Cohen worked in the Soviet embassy in London and also spent several months in Paris on a secret mission for the
Comintern, and handled large sums of money for the
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259:
wrote that Cohen "had great vivacity and charm... and was probably the most popular individual in our little movement... ." In 1920 she became a founding member of the
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1129:
286:
agent. She was assigned secret missions, which included delivering messages and transferring money to
Communist parties. In 1922–1923 she spent long periods in the
370:. Cohen and Petrovsky were considered the "golden couple of the expatriate community in Moscow", and their apartment became a salon for the foreign community.
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414:
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524:(February 1956), Cohen's son filed an appeal to review her case. On 18 July 1956 the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain,
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532:, with a request to clarify the situation regarding the arrest of Rose Cohen in 1937 and asking what had happened to her after the arrest.
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had placed Rose Cohen under surveillance. Transcripts of intercepted letters and phone calls became publicly available in 2003.
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closely, more than anyone else, saw what was happening in the country. Anticipating his fate, he wanted to save Petrovsky from
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At that time Petrovsky was planning a business trip to America and got permission to travel abroad from his supervisor
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of the Comintern, and from 1931 she was an employee and later chief of the Foreign Department and the editor of the
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in Great Britain was inscribed by Pollitt: "Rose Cohen – who I am in love with, and who has rejected me 14 times."
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547:. She succeeded in getting permission for Alyosha’s adoption when she lived with her family in political exile in
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326:
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219:, Poland. Her father, Maurice Cohen, was a tailor who later opened his own business and prospered. Through the
600:
Maurice J. Casey: “The Suffragettes Who Became Communists.” United Kingdom, History Today, February 04, 2018.
433:
In February 1937, Ordzhonikidze died. In March 1937, Petrovsky was arrested, and Cohen was expelled from the
322:. As a Comintern courier, Cohen transferred large sums of money to the Communist parties of these countries.
352:
177:
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Contemporaries described Cohen as lively, intelligent, educated and beautiful. Among Cohen's admirers,
172:; born 20 May 1894 – 28 November 1937) was an English feminist, suffragist and founding member of the
1094:
1089:
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229:
866:
406:
818:
Joshua Meyers, “A Portrait of Transition: From the Bund to Bolshevism in the Russian Revolution,”
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Joshua Meyers, "A Portrait of Transition: From the Bund to Bolshevism in the Russian Revolution,"
994:
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501:
529:
31:
345:, Cohen went to work in Moscow, and in the same year she joined the Russian Communist Party.
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did not deny rumours that Cohen had taken Soviet citizenship, and had been a citizen of the
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225:
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180:(Comintern) from 1920 to 1929. Between 1931 and 1937, Cohen served as a foreign editor of
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Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) - fond 495, opis’ 198, delo 733
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did not file a protest, and was not supportive of the protest launched in the pages of
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17:
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the department became the centre of the young leftist intellectuals. In his memoirs
216:
885:
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528:, sent a letter to the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
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563:. Their grandson, Michael A. Petrovsky, holds a Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics.
494:
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248:
187:
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539:. Cohen was posthumously rehabilitated as a victim of political repressions.
602:
https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/suffragettes-who-became-communists
295:
283:
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251:. She left the Labour Research Department in 1920. Towards the end of the
822:
n.s. 24, no. 2 (Winter 2019): 107–134. doi: 10.2979/jewisocistud.24.2.09.
790:
n.s. 24, no. 2 (Winter 2019): 107–134. doi: 10.2979/jewisocistud.24.2.09.
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Having learned of Cohen's arrest, the communist leaders of Great Britain
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228:. (Nellie worked as Sylvia Pankhurst’s personal secretary). By 1916,
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in 1934, the assassination that functioned as the catalyst for the
125:
journalist, employee of the Comintern, newspaper editor, suffragist
392:
351:
341:
In 1927, following instructions of the Central Committee of the
444:
Petrovsky was shot on 10 September 1937 (rehabilitated in the
1041:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
512:
information from Moscow about whether she was still alive.
522:
20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
477:, and were advised "do not interfere". As a result, the
270:
was the most persistent. A photograph of Cohen at the
983:"Hope Lies in the Proles: George Orwell and the Left"
924:"Hope Lies in the Proles: George Orwell and the Left"
235:
Her education allowed Rose Cohen to get a job at the
167:
282:In the early 1920s, Cohen travelled the world as a
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467:Executive Committee of the Communist International
378:Petrovsky was aware of the danger emerging in the
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356:Rose and her son Alyosha (on right). London, 1932
239:, where she worked until 1917, and later in the
1165:People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
754:Investigation materials. The Central Archive.
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1043:number 4N-012577/56. The Central Archive.
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465:appealed to the Secretary General of the
1135:Communist Party of Great Britain members
211:Rose Cohen was born in 1894 in London's
194:, and posthumously rehabilitated in the
1145:British expatriates in the Soviet Union
1130:English people of Polish-Jewish descent
836:Judicial records. The Central Archive.
732:PRO KV2/1397, file references from the
571:
415:People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry
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1011:
963:
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497:about Rose Cohen remained unanswered.
411:Supreme Soviet of the National Economy
397:David Petrovsky (a prison photo), 1937
215:to a family of Jewish immigrants from
7:
557:Article 58 of the Soviet Penal Code
516:Political rehabilitation and family
430:they remained in the Soviet Union.
25:
1160:Jews executed by the Soviet Union
723:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.p.84-85
479:Communist Party of Great Britain
421:. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who knew
343:Communist Party of Great Britain
261:Communist Party of Great Britain
221:Workers' Educational Association
174:Communist Party of Great Britain
912:, United Kingdom, 29 April 1938
900:, United Kingdom, 26 April 1938
888:, United Kingdom, 26 April 1938
453:The reaction from Great Britain
360:In 1930, Cohen enrolled at the
243:. She served as a secretary to
1155:British people executed abroad
876:, United Kingdom, 24 June 2004
186:. She was executed during the
1:
1069:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.184
374:The victim of Stalin’s terror
809:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.55
777:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.22
704:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.19
651:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.21
625:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.17
588:, United Kingdom, 2004, p.18
1110:British socialist feminists
561:Russian Academy of Sciences
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485:, via a letter written by
362:International Lenin School
333:, whom she later married.
241:Labour Research Department
29:
1039:The Determination of the
327:Communist Party of France
157:
48:
1045:Federal Security Service
981:Newsinger, John (2018).
922:Newsinger, John (2018).
849:Petrovsky Family Archive
838:Federal Security Service
756:Federal Security Service
382:following the murder of
290:, and also travelled to
176:in 1920. She worked for
1125:Politicians from London
435:Russian Communist Party
272:People's History Museum
178:Communist International
1150:Executed English women
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820:Jewish Social Studies
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329:. That year, she met
278:Work in the Comintern
237:London County Council
18:Rose Cohen (feminist)
985:. Pluto Press: 149.
734:Public Record Office
413:and the head of the
230:British intelligence
30:For the writer, see
1170:Executed communists
1120:Great Purge victims
1085:British suffragists
926:. Pluto Press: 39.
867:Rose between thorns
489:. The inquiries of
407:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
169:Roza Morisovna Koen
158:Роза Морисовна Коэн
143:Alexey D. Petrovsky
106:Cause of death
1067:'s British victims
807:'s British victims
775:'s British victims
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702:'s British victims
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502:British government
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530:Nikita Khrushchev
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898:The Tribune
495:Sidney Webb
388:Great Purge
294:, Germany,
249:Sidney Webb
188:Great Purge
114:Citizenship
72:20 May 1894
1079:Categories
567:References
520:After the
310:, France,
207:Early life
150:Rose Cohen
68:1894-05-20
62:Rose Cohen
43:Rose Cohen
296:Lithuania
284:Comintern
202:Biography
198:in 1956.
163:romanized
109:Execution
78:, England
1047:, Russia
1004:23 March
945:23 March
840:, Russia
758:, Russia
213:East End
140:Children
553:Siberia
549:Tobolsk
417:of the
320:Denmark
300:Estonia
292:Finland
190:in the
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423:Stalin
316:Sweden
312:Norway
308:Turkey
304:Latvia
130:Spouse
95:Moscow
76:London
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