371:, requiring that the dam be constructed quickly, but the dam did not generate any power until many years after the war ended. This third phase was finished in 1949, to 540 feet (160 m). This height would cause the reservoir at full pool to extend slightly past the Washington-British Columbia border. The reservoir, however, did not fill past the national border until 1954. As compensation for the flooded land, which totals about 500 acres (2.0 km), Seattle City Light paid the Province of British Columbia $ 250,000, as well as an annual payment of $ 5,000. Two years prior to the reservoir reaching full pool, construction of the Ross Dam
331:, on the first two of four planned construction phases. The name originates from Ruby Creek, a Skagit River tributary that flows southwest to meet the Skagit just upstream of the dam site. By 1940, phases 1 and 2 of the dam were complete, and the dam stood 305 feet (93 m) above the river. While the reservoir filled, the Decco-Walton Logging Company was formed in 1945 with the awarding of a contract from Seattle City Light. Decco-Walton logged the Skagit Gorge as Ross Lake slowly rose, and floated logs up the river to British Columbia, where it was hauled to the
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logger turned environmentalist, who worked tirelessly to rally opposition to this additional flooding of the upper Skagit River basin. Ultimately a treaty was signed between the City of
Seattle and Province of British Columbia to supply Seattle with the equivalent amount of power from other, existing dams in British Columbia in exchange for Seattle not raising the dam. The
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The power plant of Ross Dam is located just downstream of its base and produces 460 MW of power from four hydroelectric turbines. The dam has two over-the-crest spillways on its flanks, each with six individual spillway bays. The capacity of each individual spillway bay at full pool is rated at
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mountains rise nearly 5,000 feet (1,500 m) vertically from the floor of the canyon and surround it on both sides. Directly upstream of the dam, Ruby Creek flows into the reservoir, forming the Ruby Arm of Ross Lake. Directly downstream, Diablo Dam forms Diablo Lake, much smaller than Ross Lake.
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inventoried the ancient forest of Big Beaver Creek which would have been flooded, and showed that City Light's statements that no unique forest environments would be lost were not true. On the
Canadian side the raising of the dam was halted primarily by the extensive work by Curley Chittenden -
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Prior to construction of the dam the Skagit Gorge upstream of the dam was a wild, free flowing, completely undeveloped area. The canyon held an intact ancient forest of
Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock and Western Redcedar, estimated to be millable into up to 340 million usable
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of timber. With the creation of the Skagit River
Hydroelectric Project in the 1910s, the first two dams, Gorge Dam and Diablo Dam, were constructed downstream of the Ross Dam site. In 1937, construction began on the dam, originally slated to be called
403:, a Skagit River tributary, and provided the opportunity to generate about 272 MW of extra power, bringing the generating capacity to 732 MW. It wasn't until the 1970s when the High Ross project was finally ended. On the US side, the
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399:. The stepped "concrete waffle" facing on the front of the dam was designed to accommodate this addition to the height. This would have flooded land into Canada approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) further, also extending up the
395:. The dam was built with the potential to be raised 125 feet (38 m) further, bringing the total height of the dam to 665 feet (203 m) and raising the reservoir to approximately 1,725 feet (526 m) above
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The upper map shows what the dimensions of the reservoir would have been if the high dam had been built. The lower map shows the existing dimensions of the reservoir. Dam is at left in both maps.
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began, and two turbines first went on line in 1956, generating 360 MW of power. Another two generators were added later, increasing the capacity to its current 460 MW.
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424:. It is a concrete thin arch dam 540 feet (160 m) high and about 1,300 feet (400 m) long, stretching across one of the narrowest spots in the Skagit Gorge.
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The Ross Dam is situated in the gorge of the Skagit River about midway along its 150-mile (240 km) length, and 23 miles (37 km) south of the
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10,600 cubic feet per second (300 m/s), for a total discharge capacity of just over 127,000 cubic feet per second (3,600 m/s).
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Other creeks that flow into Ross Lake include Little Beaver Creek and Big Beaver Creek from the west, and
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A controversy later arose over the planned fourth stage of the construction of Ross Dam. This argument over land became known as the
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has died, so Ruby Dam was renamed Ross Dam in his memory. In 1943 a consortium of contractors including
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was created at this time to oversee joint USA/Canada stewardship of the upper Skagit River watershed.
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North
Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington: An Administrative History
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1510:"Hydraulic Model Studies to Determine Spillway Discharge Curves for Ross Dam"
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1374:"A History of the Skagit River Basin Snow Surveys and Hydroelectric Project"
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is a 540-foot (160 m)-high, 1,300-foot (400 m)-long concrete
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Climate data for Ross Dam (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present)
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1586:(HAER) documentation, filed under Newhalem, Whatcom County, WA:
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Nations, Pauul (January 1945). "Ross Dam Makes Good
Progress".
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1538:"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Ross Dam, WA"
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Historic
American Engineering Record in Washington (state)
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288:, the dam is part of a series of three dams through the
1486:"The Damnation of a Dam: The High Ross Dam Controversy"
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Buildings and structures in
Whatcom County, Washington
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1540:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
40:Ross Dam during the Skagit River floods of 2003.
447:The Ross Dam power plant as seen from Ross Dam
1593:", 22 photos, 2 photo caption pages
8:
1600:", 5 photos, 1 photo caption page
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1666:1949 establishments in Washington (state)
1591:Skagit Power Development, Ross Powerhouse
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1379:. Western Snow Conference. Archived from
410:Skagit Environmental Endowment Commission
1560:"NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Seattle"
261:. Both dam and reservoir are located in
1651:Energy infrastructure completed in 1949
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1147:Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)
347:Ross Dam third construction phase, 1947
292:that were built primarily to generate
367:coincided with an energy shortage in
223:http://www.seattle.gov/light/FuelMix/
7:
1636:North Cascades of Washington (state)
1584:Historic American Engineering Record
275:North Cascades National Park Complex
271:Lake Chelan National Recreation Area
1437:"North Cascades: Contested Terrain"
1316:Source 2: National Weather Service
405:North Cascades Conservation Council
166:1,435,000 acre-feet (1.770 km)
1598:Skagit Power Development, Ross Dam
282:Skagit River Hydroelectric Project
263:Ross Lake National Recreation Area
50:Ross Lake National Recreation Area
14:
1335:List of dams in the United States
1641:United States power company dams
317:Planning and early construction
304:, directly below Ross Dam, and
265:, is bordered on both sides by
1354:"Carbon Monitoring for Action"
1:
1484:Simmons, Terry Allan (1968).
1077:Average snowfall inches (cm)
1330:List of world's tallest dams
174:11,700 acres (4,700 ha)
1217:Average precipitation days
793:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
653:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
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1616:Dams in Washington (state)
1562:. National Weather Service
1517:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
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1491:. Simon Fraser University
1409:Timber Resources: Logging
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393:High Ross Dam Controversy
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267:Stephen Mather Wilderness
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1661:Dams on the Skagit River
1596:HAER No. WA-24-H, "
1589:HAER No. WA-24-G, "
16:Not to be confused with
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195:Installed capacity
143:1,300 feet (400 m)
101:Construction began
1646:Dams completed in 1949
1435:Louter, David (1998).
1372:Pattee, Scott (2004).
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205:Annual generation
85:48.73167°N 121.06722°W
23:Dam in Washington, USA
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90:48.73167; -121.06722
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163:Total capacity
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171:Surface area
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1564:. Retrieved
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1542:. Retrieved
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1519:. 1953-06-10
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1493:. Retrieved
1466:The Em Kayan
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1381:the original
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1007:inches (mm)
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365:World War II
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333:Fraser River
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290:Skagit Gorge
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243:Skagit River
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209:619,120,000
126:Skagit River
1219:(≥ 0.01 in)
416:Description
373:power plant
339:Third phase
241:across the
88: /
76:121°04′02″W
64:Coordinates
1610:Categories
1523:2009-10-20
1495:2009-10-20
1450:2009-10-19
1418:2009-10-19
1390:2009-10-18
1341:References
1266:(≥ 0.1 in)
361:Hoover Dam
324:board feet
302:Diablo Dam
245:, forming
73:48°43′54″N
1656:Arch dams
1142:(169.76)
397:sea level
306:Gorge Dam
247:Ross Lake
236:thin arch
157:Ross Lake
148:Reservoir
1566:June 16,
1544:June 16,
1324:See also
1072:(1,544)
1003:Average
928:(−11.7)
329:Ruby Dam
298:Newhalem
232:Ross Dam
185:Turbines
122:Impounds
46:Location
29:Ross Dam
1167:(0.51)
1097:(0.76)
923:(−7.0)
918:(−3.9)
883:(−0.4)
878:(−3.6)
873:(−5.8)
868:(−7.8)
853:(−0.8)
838:(10.2)
833:(13.2)
828:(12.8)
803:(−0.8)
798:(−1.1)
768:(15.8)
763:(19.7)
758:(19.3)
753:(15.5)
748:(12.7)
718:(13.8)
703:(13.3)
698:(21.3)
693:(26.1)
688:(25.9)
683:(21.1)
678:(18.4)
673:(13.2)
648:(36.1)
638:(12.1)
633:(21.6)
628:(30.3)
623:(34.6)
618:(35.1)
613:(31.4)
608:(28.9)
603:(22.7)
598:(16.2)
593:(10.2)
456:Climate
369:Seattle
312:History
218:Website
153:Creates
1259:167.7
1202:(7.6)
1197:(0.0)
1192:(0.0)
1187:(0.0)
1182:(0.0)
1177:(0.0)
1172:(0.0)
1127:(0.0)
1122:(0.0)
1117:(0.0)
1112:(0.0)
1107:(0.0)
1102:(0.0)
1067:(234)
1062:(281)
1057:(171)
1022:(162)
1017:(152)
1012:(247)
998:(−18)
993:(−18)
988:(−14)
948:(−12)
943:(−15)
938:(−18)
913:(0.8)
908:(6.1)
903:(9.4)
898:(8.9)
893:(6.1)
888:(2.4)
858:(5.2)
848:(1.8)
843:(5.8)
823:(9.9)
818:(7.1)
813:(3.3)
808:(0.7)
788:(9.5)
783:(1.1)
778:(4.2)
773:(9.6)
743:(8.2)
738:(4.6)
733:(2.2)
728:(1.0)
713:(3.1)
708:(6.5)
668:(8.5)
663:(5.2)
658:(3.1)
643:(8.3)
588:(8.4)
469:Month
259:Canada
199:460 MW
140:Length
132:Height
1513:(PDF)
1489:(PDF)
1468:: 20.
1384:(PDF)
1377:(PDF)
1256:18.8
1253:20.4
1250:16.4
1247:10.5
1238:11.3
1235:11.8
1232:14.5
1229:18.1
1226:15.3
1223:18.6
1212:(53)
1207:(29)
1162:(18)
1157:(25)
1152:(32)
1137:(60)
1132:(15)
1092:(20)
1087:(30)
1082:(44)
1070:60.76
1060:11.07
1052:(64)
1047:(31)
1042:(25)
1037:(43)
1032:(52)
1027:(82)
983:(−9)
958:(−3)
953:(−3)
578:(42)
573:(14)
568:(18)
563:(30)
558:(37)
553:(39)
548:(39)
543:(42)
538:(36)
533:(28)
528:(22)
523:(16)
518:(14)
508:Year
1568:2024
1546:2024
1303:6.6
1300:1.9
1297:0.0
1294:0.0
1291:0.0
1288:0.0
1285:0.0
1282:0.0
1279:0.3
1276:3.1
1273:3.4
1270:4.7
1244:5.7
1241:6.3
1210:20.7
1205:11.3
1155:10.0
1150:12.5
1140:66.7
1135:23.7
1085:11.9
1080:17.2
1065:9.23
1055:6.72
1050:2.50
1045:1.21
1040:0.99
1035:1.68
1030:2.06
1025:3.23
1020:6.37
1015:5.98
1010:9.72
978:(1)
973:(4)
968:(3)
963:(2)
926:10.9
921:19.4
916:24.9
911:33.4
906:42.9
901:48.9
896:48.1
891:43.0
886:36.4
881:31.2
876:25.5
871:21.5
866:18.0
856:41.3
851:30.5
846:35.3
841:42.5
836:50.4
831:55.8
826:55.1
821:49.9
816:44.8
811:37.9
806:33.2
801:30.5
796:30.0
786:49.1
781:34.0
776:39.5
771:49.2
766:60.4
761:67.4
756:66.8
751:59.9
746:54.9
741:46.8
736:40.2
731:35.9
726:33.8
716:56.8
711:37.6
706:43.7
701:56.0
696:70.4
691:79.0
686:78.6
681:69.9
676:65.1
671:55.7
666:47.3
661:41.3
656:37.5
646:97.0
641:47.0
636:53.7
631:70.8
626:86.5
621:94.3
616:95.2
611:88.6
606:84.0
601:72.8
596:61.1
591:50.3
586:47.1
505:Dec
502:Nov
499:Oct
496:Sep
493:Aug
490:Jul
487:Jun
484:May
481:Apr
478:Mar
475:Feb
472:Jan
427:The
112:1949
104:1937
1306:20
1200:3.0
1195:0.0
1190:0.0
1185:0.0
1180:0.0
1175:0.0
1170:0.0
1165:0.2
1160:6.9
1130:5.8
1125:0.0
1120:0.0
1115:0.0
1110:0.0
1105:0.0
1100:0.0
1095:0.3
1090:7.8
576:108
551:102
546:103
541:108
284:by
239:dam
211:KWh
1612::
1515:.
1474:^
1443:.
1439:.
1427:^
1411:.
1407:.
1362:^
996:−1
991:−1
981:16
976:34
971:40
966:37
961:36
956:27
951:27
946:10
936:−1
571:57
566:64
561:86
556:98
536:97
531:83
526:71
521:61
516:57
277:.
257:,
56:,
52:,
1570:.
1548:.
1526:.
1498:.
1453:.
1421:.
1393:.
1356:.
986:7
941:5
189:4
20:.
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