37:
211:
440:, and spread to other parts of the city. The RRV infection is characterised by inflammation and pain to multiple joints. Hydration by sufficient fluid intake is recommended, to ensure that the fever does not rise to very dangerous levels. It is also recommended that a doctor be consulted immediately as regular paracetamol gives only temporary reprieve from the fever.
658:
three-fold. This is again based on the repelling of vectors such as mosquitoes through the use of bright colours. Lastly, high risk areas should be minimised by mechanisms of prevention that are applied within households. For example, screens should be fitted to windows and doors to prevent entry of
641:
can be easily prevented through small behavioural mechanisms which should be of high importance in tropical areas and during participation of outdoor activities. Firstly, insect repellent should be rigorously used as to prevent bites from insects that specifically include mosquitoes which are vectors
601:
in
Australia. These risks were trialed in a study conducted in tropical Australia which illustrate that factors such as camping, light coloured clothing, exposure to certain flora and fauna and specific protective mechanisms are able to increase or decrease the likelihood of contracting the virus. By
974:
ICTV 7th Report van
Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Carstens, E.B., Estes, M.K., Lemon, S.M., Maniloff, J., Mayo, M.A., McGeoch, D.J., Pringle, C.R. and Wickner, R.B. (2000). Virus taxonomy. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San
588:
Evidence shows that there is a strong correlation between contracting RRV when living in close proximity to wetlands in the south west of
Western Australia. However, due to continuous growth and development of residential areas around these wetlands it is expected that problems with RRV disease will
580:
In 1995–96 Leschenault and Capel-Busselton were affected by an outbreak of 524 cases of RRV disease. Although this occurred around a decade ago, the data analysed the total RRV cases per 1000 persons for each 500m buffer zone. This shows an elevated risk of contracting the disease if living in close
556:
where living near water is desirable for aesthetic value. Over the decade of June 2011 – 2012 the population increased by 44,000 residents averaging a rate of 4.5 per cent per annum. In June 2013 the Peel region accounted for approximately five per cent of the State's population and predicted to
728:
arose in which some joints become swollen and joint stiffness was particularly noticeable. A clinical examination of the infected individual shows a significant decrease of specific antibodies despite the normal blood count levels. A rash is a good indication that is likely to occur but usually
659:
insects carrying the virus and potential breeding areas such as open water containers or water holding plants should be removed. Therefore, specific climatic environments should be assessed for high risk factors and the appropriate precautions should be taken in response.
733:
are important to be aware of so that early treatment can be administered before the virus worsens. The time between catching the disease and experiencing symptoms is anywhere between three days to three weeks, usually it takes about 1–2 weeks. A person can be tested for
602:
increasing the frequency of camping the individual's risk increases eight-fold, suggesting that an increased exposure to wildlife increases risk. This is shown by the narrow 95% confidence interval of 1.07–4.35 within the study. For example, an individual's exposure to
711:
are important to recognise for early diagnosis and therefore early treatment. Symptoms have been illustrated in a case report of an infected
Thuringian traveller returning from South-East Australia. This case showed flu-like symptoms that include
813:
is named after the Ross River in
Townsville, which is the place where it was first identified. Ross River fever is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Australia, and nearly 5000 people are reported to be infected with the virus each year.
239:. The alphaviruses are a group of small enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA viruses. RRV belongs to a subgroup of "Old World" (Eurasian-African-Australasian) alphaviruses, and belongs to the SF antigenic complex of the genus Alphavirus.
754:
should occur in patients who are experiencing acute polyarthritis, tiredness and/or rashes (~90%) with a history of travel within areas prone to infection from the virus. Serology (blood tests) is the appropriate manner by which to diagnose
672:
which are immunopathogenic and exacerbate disease. Furthermore, recent data indicate that the serum component, C3, directly contributes to disease since mice deficient in the C3 protein do not suffer from severe disease following infection.
572:
at the six kilometre buffer zone. The study suggests that there is a significantly higher risk of contracting RRV when living closer to Muddy Lakes however, there was a rise in the two kilometre buffer zone of 3700 mosquitos with 94%
667:
The study of RRV has been recently facilitated by a mouse model. Inbred mice infected with RRV develop hind-limb arthritis/arthralgia. The disease in mice, similar to humans, is characterised by an inflammatory infiltrate including
1066:
838:
Old JM, Deane EM (2005). Antibodies to the Ross River virus in captive marsupials in urban areas of eastern New South Wales, Australia. Journal of
Wildlife Disease. 41(3), 64-67. DOI: 8081/1959.7/10666
564:(RRV) and the distance of the dwellings from Muddy Lakes. The reports showed within a one kilometre buffer zone there were approximately 1550 mosquitos in traps per night with 89% of them being
940:
Scherer WF, Funkenbusch M, Buescher EL, Izumit (1962). "Sagiyama virus, a new group A arthropod-borne virus from Japan. I. Isolation, immunologic classification, and ecologic observations".
630:
for the virus. Although these areas show a higher risk for the virus, humans should still enjoy the wildlife but consider that preventive mechanisms as increasingly important while camping.
2815:
1247:"Ross River Virus Risk Associated with Dispersal of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) camptorhynchus (Thomson) from Breeding Habitat into Surrounding Residential Areas: Muddy Lakes, Western Australia"
1445:
367:, Queensland, Australia. Further serological testing showed that patients who had suffered "epidemic polyarthritis" in Queensland had antibodies to the virus. The new virus was named
1581:
Schleenvoigt, B.T.; Baier, M.; Hagel, S.; Forstner, C.; Kotsche, R.; Pletz, M. W. (2015). "Ross river virus infection in a
Thuringian traveller returning from south-east Australia".
1059:
506:
1756:
2571:
1294:
1182:
3087:
829:
Ong OTW, Stephensen EB, Johnson BJ, Old JM (2021). Mosquito-borne viruses and non-human vertebrates in
Australia: A review. Viruses. 13, 265. DOI: 10.3390/v13020265
1546:
Kumanomido T, Kamada M, Wada R, Kenemaru T, Sugiura T, Akiyama Y (1988). "Pathogenicity for horses of original
Sagiyama virus, a member of the Getah virus group".
650:
candles are based on the same principle, that it repels insects that are vectors of the virus. Burning such candles also show a strong correlation with decreased
1037:
3141:
3100:
2825:
1632:
1516:
2200:
910:
1315:"Geographic Information Systems used to describe the link between the risk of Ross River virus infection and proximity to the Leschenault estuary, WA"
552:, residential development is occurring closer to wetlands in spite of the fact that the ecosystem is known for mosquito breeding. Particularly in the
1724:
3184:
3074:
1837:
1226:
654:
risk shown in the same study with a narrow 95% confidence interval of 0.10–0.78. Secondly, wearing light coloured clothing decrease the risk of
509:, the species was declared completely eradicated from New Zealand in July 2010. As of September 2006, there has never been a report of a case of
516:
Separate mosquito species may act as vector, widespread across areas and seasonal/geographical locations. In southern and northern regions, the
1749:
390:, North Queensland. The child had a fever and a rash but no arthritis, making the link between RRV and Ross River fever less than concrete.
2074:
2189:
614:
also increased risk, suggesting that they are reservoirs for infection, breeding sites for mosquitoes and potential vectors of the virus.
577:. A similar trend in the study same study conducted in the Peel region resulting in less mosquitoes the further away the buffer distance.
382:. It was found that RRV isolated from human serum could kill mice. However, the serum containing the virus that was used had come from an
979:
3179:
2064:
763:
and is a presumptive positive diagnosis. IgM may persist for months or even years and therefore false positives may be triggered by
393:
The largest-ever outbreak of the virus was in 1979–1980 and occurred in the western
Pacific. The outbreak involved the islands of
2576:
2416:
1949:
1944:
1742:
642:
that carry the disease. A study in tropical Australia shows a very narrow 95% confidence interval of 0.20–1.00 for a decrease in
502:
1003:
2351:
1203:
646:
risk as a result of increased use of insect repellent, suggesting a strong correlation between the two. Following, burning
2608:
2248:
1847:
2899:
2894:
2502:
700:
in the persons hands and feet, but only occurs in a small number of people. The virus also causes moderate symptoms in
1033:
2529:
2524:
2512:
2054:
1937:
783:, a second serology test must be conducted 10–14 days after the first. The patient may then be declared positive for
1524:
36:
2618:
2536:
2517:
1883:
3146:
3105:
2741:
2204:
1697:
198:". There is no known cure, and it can last in the host's system for up to 20 years. The virus is suspected to be
2096:
1469:"Complement contributes to inflammatory tissue destruction in a mouse model of Ross River virus-induced disease"
2820:
2763:
2641:
2436:
1961:
1402:"Antibodies to the Ross River Virus in Captive Marsupials in Urban Areas of Eastern New South Wales, Australia"
918:
553:
472:
and marsupial mammals, and also in a few bird species. It is not presently known what reservoir hosts support
3169:
2924:
2586:
2581:
2486:
2281:
2267:
2243:
2185:
1995:
1879:
1721:
360:
3174:
3014:
2271:
2239:
2215:
2050:
1928:
1852:
1827:
1813:
1792:
1135:"Proximity to Mosquito Breeding Habitat and Ross River Virus Risk in the Peel Region of Western Australia"
383:
364:
175:
3194:
2704:
2613:
2591:
2255:
1932:
1288:
1176:
914:
266:
3052:
1223:
409:. However, RRV was later isolated in humans following a series of epidemic polyarthritis outbreaks in
3189:
2756:
2751:
2130:
489:
481:
313:. The name "epidemic polyarthritis" was coined for the disease. In 1956, an epidemic occurred in the
282:
31:
2692:
2677:
2546:
2341:
764:
582:
532:
498:
325:
testing suggested an unknown new species of alphavirus (group A arbovirus) was the likely culprit.
2889:
2164:
2016:
1606:
1437:
453:
298:
421:
during 1979. RRV was isolated in an Australian patient suffering from Ross River fever in 1985.
3092:
202:
in populations of various native Australian mammals, and has been found on occasion in horses.
3061:
2969:
2746:
2089:
1903:
1671:
1598:
1563:
1498:
1429:
1421:
1382:
1336:
1276:
1164:
1108:
1015:
957:
892:
776:
627:
549:
477:
346:. For a time, it was thought to be a separate species, but is now considered conspecific with
318:
1734:
976:
2697:
2682:
2312:
2118:
1663:
1590:
1555:
1488:
1480:
1413:
1372:
1326:
1266:
1258:
1154:
1146:
1100:
949:
882:
874:
796:
760:
372:
310:
306:
191:
187:
179:
2774:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2195:
2106:
1986:
1981:
1728:
1230:
1207:
1104:
983:
286:
109:
85:
2601:
2289:
2260:
1493:
1468:
1271:
1246:
1159:
1134:
647:
619:
251:
1667:
1654:
Fraser, J.R. (12 August 1986). "Epidemic polyarthritis and Ross River virus disease".
242:
The virions (virus particles) themselves contain their genome in a protein capsid 700
3163:
2948:
2858:
2806:
2727:
2709:
2631:
2551:
2427:
2409:
2321:
2111:
1768:
1559:
1331:
1314:
1313:
Vally, H.; Peel, M.; Dowse, G. K.; Codde, J. P.; Hanigan, I.; Lindsay, M. D. (2012).
887:
862:
692:
on the limbs of the body, which often occurs roughly 10 days after arthritis begins.
406:
355:
247:
195:
97:
73:
1610:
1441:
863:"Ross River virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review"
696:
may enlarge, most commonly in the arm pits or groin region, and rarely a feeling of
3066:
2962:
2788:
2562:
2377:
2296:
2230:
2219:
2176:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1954:
1919:
1862:
1804:
611:
429:
418:
402:
387:
314:
1772:
1200:
878:
1245:
Jardine, A., Neville, P. J., Dent, C., Webster, C., & Lindsay, M. D. (2014).
3046:
2793:
2783:
2687:
2668:
2495:
2490:
2386:
2150:
2084:
2041:
1971:
1893:
1817:
1401:
697:
235:
3132:
1417:
1091:
Russell, R.C. (31 January 2007). "Ross River virus: ecology and distribution".
2980:
2910:
2880:
2830:
2714:
2596:
2477:
2332:
2210:
2141:
2023:
1872:
1594:
1523:. Department of Health, State Government, Victoria. March 2013. Archived from
953:
739:
725:
693:
684:
can cause multiple symptoms in someone who is infected, the most common being
669:
461:
302:
290:
278:
229:
171:
133:
121:
3037:
1425:
2989:
1781:
685:
457:
294:
262:
210:
167:
61:
1602:
1502:
1433:
1386:
1340:
1280:
1168:
1112:
1019:
961:
896:
557:
account for around 6.7 per cent of Western Australia's population by 2031.
1675:
1567:
1262:
1150:
597:
There are several factors that can contribute to an individual's risk for
321:. The Australian disease seemed to progress in a milder fashion. In 1956,
3126:
3031:
1765:
1484:
1377:
1360:
721:
623:
603:
469:
329:
322:
258:
243:
199:
183:
3079:
182:
and other islands in the South Pacific. It is responsible for a type of
2919:
2868:
2846:
2365:
772:
768:
607:
448:
In rural and regional areas of Australia, the continued prevalence of
2957:
2736:
2465:
2454:
1689:
1359:
Harley, David; Ritchie, Scott; Bain, Chris; Sleigh, Adrian C (2005).
717:
353:
In 1959, a new alphavirus was identified in samples from a mosquito (
3008:
1224:
http://www.peel.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PEEL-PEOPLE.pdf
713:
701:
518:
437:
414:
398:
379:
337:
333:
215:
209:
48:
1625:"Ross River virus infection – Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention"
1624:
1467:
Morrison TE, Fraser RJ, Smith PN, Mahalingam S, Heise MT (2007).
2028:
689:
626:
in urban areas in New South Wales, Australia, and are potential
433:
410:
394:
277:
In 1928, an outbreak of acute febrile arthritis was recorded in
250:(E1 and E2) embedded as trimeric dimers in a host-derived lipid
3012:
1738:
787:
infection if there is a 4-fold increase of IgM antibody count.
2656:
585:, within 2 km being the strongest disease risk gradient.
548:
Due to the expansion and housing demand in the south west of
1002:
Barber, Bridget; Denholm, Justin T.; Spelman, Denis (2009).
742:, other illnesses may need to be excluded before diagnosis.
317:
which was compared to "acute viral polyarthritis" caused by
378:
The virus itself was first isolated in 1972 using suckling
246:
in diameter. They are characterised by the presence of two
1361:"Risks for Ross River virus disease in tropical Australia"
977:
https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf
1133:
Jardine, A., Neville, P.J., & Lindsay, M. D. (2015).
328:
In July and August 1956 and 1957, a virus recovered from
1731:
University of Sydney, Department of Medical Entomology
265:, a non-taxonomic term for viruses borne by arthropod
1251:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
618:
antibodies have been found in captive populations of
3116:
3021:
2978:
2946:
2937:
2908:
2878:
2856:
2845:
2804:
2772:
2725:
2666:
2655:
2629:
2560:
2475:
2464:
2453:
2425:
2375:
2364:
2330:
2310:
2228:
2174:
2163:
2139:
2039:
1917:
1802:
1791:
1780:
1319:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
1060:"ARPHS Fact Sheet – Ross River Virus (RRV) Disease"
1034:"New Zealand first to wipe out the 'Aussie mozzie'"
568:decreasing to approximately 450 mosquitos with 57%
1195:Government of Western Australia. (17 April 2012).
759:. Within 7 days of infection, the virus produces
530:) are the main RRV carriers. However, inland the
1201:http://online.planning.wa.gov.au/udp/solahspp5/
540:mosquitoes becoming active during wet seasons.
1400:Old, Julie M; Deane, Elizabeth M (July 2005).
186:-borne, non-lethal but extremely debilitating
1750:
1199:. Retrieved from Planning Western Australia:
8:
1293:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1222:Retrieved from Peel Development Commission:
1181:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
501:, in 1998. Due to an 11-year program by the
2201:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
1065:. Auckland Regional Public Health Service.
729:disappears after ten days. The symptoms of
289:, Australia. In 1943, several outbreaks of
3009:
2943:
2853:
2663:
2472:
2461:
2372:
2171:
1799:
1788:
1757:
1743:
1735:
997:
995:
993:
991:
560:A study comparing the risk of contracting
20:
1492:
1376:
1330:
1270:
1158:
886:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
688:or joint pain. Other symptoms include a
166:) is a small encapsulated single-strand
1036:. New Zealand Government. 1 July 2010.
822:
507:Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries
1286:
1174:
861:Harley D, Sleigh A, Ritchie S (2001).
428:was found to have made its way to the
2572:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
1690:"Ross River Virus – Ross River Fever"
1365:International Journal of Epidemiology
1354:
1352:
1350:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1240:
1238:
1218:Peel Development Commission. (2014).
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1105:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145100
1072:from the original on 20 December 2012
1040:from the original on 19 November 2010
724:and pains in the body. Additionally,
468:have been found in a wide variety of
7:
1220:Snapshot of Statistics: Peel People.
2075:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
1139:Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
801:Ross River fever is also known as
14:
487:The southern saltmarsh mosquito (
2065:Western equine encephalomyelitis
2055:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
1700:from the original on 15 May 2023
1635:from the original on 2 July 2023
1448:from the original on 2 July 2023
1332:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00869.x
1197:State of land and housing supply
873:(4): 909–32, table of contents.
35:
3185:Human viruses described in 1959
2190:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
493:), which is known to carry the
2352:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1722:Ross River & Barmah Forest
503:New Zealand Ministry of Health
452:is thought to be supported by
257:Because RRV is transmitted by
233:, which is part of the family
194:, previously termed "epidemic
1:
2609:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1848:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1668:10.1016/s0307-742x(21)00556-7
879:10.1128/CMR.14.4.909-932.2001
513:acquired within New Zealand.
206:Classification and morphology
2503:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
1560:10.1016/0378-1135(88)90050-8
1406:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
309:, off the northern coast of
2525:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
2513:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
1008:Australian Family Physician
227:belongs to the virus genus
3211:
2537:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
2417:Sandfly fever Naples virus
1517:"Ross River Virus Disease"
1418:10.7589/0090-3558-41.3.611
803:Ross River virus infection
794:
3180:Viruses described in 1959
2205:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
1727:13 September 2008 at the
1595:10.1007/s15010-014-0695-0
954:10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.255
779:. To completely test for
536:is the main carrier with
30:
23:
2821:SARS-related coronavirus
2784:Henipavirus encephalitis
2642:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
2487:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2268:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2240:Arbovirus encephalitides
2216:Arbovirus encephalitides
2186:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2151:Banna virus encephalitis
2051:Arbovirus encephalitides
1996:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1962:Saint Louis encephalitis
1929:Arbovirus encephalitides
1880:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1814:Arbovirus encephalitides
982:16 February 2023 at the
807:Ross River virus disease
2925:Yaba monkey tumor virus
2282:Kyasanur Forest disease
2244:Tick-borne encephalitis
1945:Australian encephalitis
1838:California encephalitis
2272:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1853:La Crosse encephalitis
1206:20 August 2014 at the
761:Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
297:were described in the
261:, it is considered an
220:
2705:Marburg virus disease
2256:Powassan encephalitis
1933:Japanese encephalitis
1521:Better Health Channel
1263:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0399
1229:14 March 2023 at the
1151:10.1089/vbz.2014.1693
319:the Chikungunya virus
213:
2131:Semliki Forest virus
1485:10.1128/JVI.02799-06
921:on 25 September 2008
867:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
497:, was discovered in
490:Aedes camptorhynchus
32:Virus classification
16:Species of RNA virus
2678:Ebola virus disease
2342:Colorado tick fever
2097:O'nyong'nyong fever
1694:Kimberley Australia
765:Barmah Forest virus
583:Leschenault Estuary
533:Culex annulirostris
499:Napier, New Zealand
2890:Simian foamy virus
1378:10.1093/ije/dyh411
1004:"Ross river virus"
915:Panbio Diagnostics
911:"Ross River fever"
698:'pins and needles'
575:Ae. camptorhynchus
570:Ae. camptorhynchus
566:Ae. camptorhynchus
454:natural reservoirs
371:, and the disease
299:Northern Territory
221:
3157:
3156:
3015:Taxon identifiers
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2933:
2932:
2841:
2840:
2651:
2650:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2360:
2359:
2159:
2158:
1904:Rift Valley fever
942:Am J Trop Med Hyg
777:rheumatoid factor
581:proximity to the
550:Western Australia
544:Western Australia
524:A. camptorhynchus
359:) trapped in the
340:, and was dubbed
155:
154:
3202:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3109:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3053:Ross River virus
3042:
3041:
3040:
3023:Ross River virus
3010:
2944:
2854:
2664:
2473:
2462:
2437:Chandipura virus
2373:
2313:Orthomyxoviridae
2172:
2119:Ross River fever
1884:Bunyamwera fever
1800:
1789:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:on 15 April 2015
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1356:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1274:
1242:
1233:
1216:
1210:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1162:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1093:Annu Rev Entomol
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
999:
986:
972:
966:
965:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
917:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
890:
858:
839:
836:
830:
827:
811:Ross River virus
797:Ross River fever
791:Ross River fever
785:Ross River virus
781:Ross River virus
757:Ross River virus
752:Ross River virus
736:Ross River virus
731:Ross River virus
709:Ross River virus
707:The symptoms of
682:Ross River virus
656:Ross River virus
652:Ross River virus
644:Ross River virus
639:Ross River virus
620:tammar wallabies
616:Ross River virus
612:bromeliad plants
599:Ross River virus
562:Ross River virus
511:Ross River virus
505:, and later the
495:Ross River virus
474:Ross River virus
466:Ross River virus
450:Ross River virus
426:Ross River virus
373:Ross River fever
369:Ross River virus
348:Ross River virus
311:Papua New Guinea
307:Schouten Islands
225:Ross River virus
192:Ross River fever
188:tropical disease
180:Papua New Guinea
159:Ross River virus
148:Ross River virus
40:
39:
25:Ross River virus
21:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3017:
3007:
2994:
2974:
2939:
2929:
2904:
2874:
2848:
2837:
2800:
2775:Paramyxoviridae
2768:
2721:
2658:
2647:
2625:
2556:
2467:
2456:
2441:
2421:
2405:Pappataci fever
2398:Oropouche virus
2393:Oropouche fever
2367:
2356:
2326:
2306:
2224:
2196:Heartland virus
2166:
2155:
2135:
2107:Pogosta disease
2035:
1982:West Nile fever
1913:
1794:
1783:
1776:
1763:
1729:Wayback Machine
1718:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1479:(10): 5132–43.
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1285:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1231:Wayback Machine
1217:
1213:
1208:Wayback Machine
1194:
1190:
1173:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1001:
1000:
989:
984:Wayback Machine
973:
969:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
909:
908:
904:
860:
859:
842:
837:
833:
828:
824:
820:
799:
793:
748:
679:
665:
636:
595:
546:
446:
332:collected near
287:New South Wales
275:
223:Taxonomically,
208:
151:
111:Martellivirales
87:Kitrinoviricota
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3170:Animal viruses
3162:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3138:
3122:
3120:
3118:Sagiyama virus
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3097:
3084:
3071:
3058:
3043:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2862:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2383:
2381:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2182:
2180:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1769:viral diseases
1764:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1716:External links
1714:
1712:
1711:
1681:
1656:Clin Rheum Dis
1646:
1616:
1589:(2): 229–230.
1573:
1554:(4): 367–373.
1538:
1508:
1459:
1412:(3): 611–614.
1392:
1371:(3): 548–555.
1346:
1325:(3): 229–235.
1300:
1234:
1211:
1188:
1118:
1083:
1051:
1025:
1014:(8): 586–589.
987:
975:Diego. p. 887
967:
948:(2): 255–268.
932:
902:
840:
831:
821:
819:
816:
795:Main article:
792:
789:
747:
744:
678:
675:
664:
661:
635:
632:
594:
591:
545:
542:
480:areas such as
456:such as large
445:
442:
343:Sagiyama virus
274:
271:
207:
204:
178:to Australia,
153:
152:
145:
143:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
95:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
59:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3207:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Human viruses
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:Rhabdoviridae
2945:
2942:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:Herpesviridae
2855:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:Coronaviridae
2803:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:Rhabdoviridae
2724:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:Herpesviridae
2628:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:Rhabdoviridae
2424:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:Toscana virus
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2322:Bourbon virus
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:Sindbis virus
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:(2): 369–88.
1661:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Vet Microbiol
1542:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
971:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
933:
920:
916:
912:
906:
903:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
841:
835:
832:
826:
823:
817:
815:
812:
808:
804:
798:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
745:
743:
741:
737:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
674:
671:
662:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
592:
590:
586:
584:
578:
576:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
543:
541:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:New Caledonia
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
363:, located in
362:
358:
357:
356:Aedes vigilax
351:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:Murray Valley
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
248:glycoproteins
245:
240:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
218:
217:
212:
205:
203:
201:
197:
196:polyarthritis
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
150:
149:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:Alsuviricetes
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
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75:Orthornavirae
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3195:Alphaviruses
3117:
3022:
2979:
2970:Mokola virus
2947:
2909:
2881:Retroviridae
2879:
2867:
2857:
2805:
2773:
2726:
2667:
2640:
2630:
2563:Bunyavirales
2561:
2478:Arenaviridae
2476:
2426:
2378:Bunyavirales
2376:
2331:
2311:
2297:Langat virus
2231:Flaviviridae
2229:
2220:Bhanja virus
2177:Bunyavirales
2175:
2140:
2123:
2040:
2012:Yellow fever
2000:Dengue fever
1920:Flaviviridae
1918:
1863:Tahyna virus
1828:Bwamba Fever
1805:Bunyavirales
1803:
1702:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
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1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1628:
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1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1520:
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1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1409:
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1322:
1318:
1289:cite journal
1257:(1): 101–8.
1254:
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1177:cite journal
1145:(2): 141–6.
1142:
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1054:
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1028:
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919:the original
905:
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750:Testing for
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681:
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663:Lab research
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419:Cook Islands
403:Cook Islands
392:
388:Edward River
377:
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55:
45:(unranked):
24:
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3190:Arboviruses
3047:Wikispecies
2669:Filoviridae
2491:Lassa fever
2387:Adria virus
2085:Chikungunya
2042:Togaviridae
1972:Usutu virus
1894:Ngari virus
1818:Batai virus
694:Lymph nodes
670:macrophages
554:Peel region
323:serological
236:Togaviridae
123:Togaviridae
3164:Categories
2981:Poxviridae
2911:Poxviridae
2831:SARS-CoV-2
2333:Reoviridae
2211:Tete virus
2142:Reoviridae
2024:Zika fever
1873:Tete virus
1771:(A80–B34,
1076:23 January
1044:24 January
925:29 October
818:References
740:blood test
726:joint pain
648:citronella
634:Prevention
628:reservoirs
528:A. vigilax
462:Antibodies
384:Aboriginal
365:Townsville
361:Ross River
330:mosquitoes
303:Queensland
291:arthralgia
279:Narrandera
230:Alphavirus
172:Alphavirus
135:Alphavirus
2990:Monkeypox
1782:Arthropod
1629:SA Health
1583:Infection
1426:0090-3558
746:Diagnosis
686:arthritis
624:wallaroos
608:wallabies
604:kangaroos
470:placental
460:mammals.
458:marsupial
424:In 2010,
386:boy from
295:arthritis
263:arbovirus
259:mosquitos
190:known as
142:Species:
70:Kingdom:
63:Riboviria
3133:Q7399312
3127:Wikidata
3093:11460696
3080:10051192
3032:Wikidata
2938:Multiple
2826:SARS-CoV
2816:MERS-CoV
2005:DENV-1-4
1793:Mosquito
1766:Zoonotic
1725:Archived
1704:16 April
1698:Archived
1639:16 April
1633:Archived
1611:33629748
1603:25380568
1531:15 April
1503:17314163
1473:J. Virol
1446:Archived
1442:43361929
1434:16244073
1387:15659466
1341:22672028
1281:24799370
1227:Archived
1204:Archived
1169:25700045
1113:11729067
1099:: 1–31.
1067:Archived
1038:Archived
1020:19893779
980:Archived
962:14498263
897:11585790
722:headache
677:Symptoms
482:Brisbane
432:area in
417:and the
305:and the
252:envelope
219:mosquito
200:enzootic
184:mosquito
118:Family:
82:Phylum:
3038:Q660537
2940:vectors
2920:Tanapox
2869:B virus
2847:Primate
2366:Sandfly
2192:(CCHFV)
1773:042–079
1676:3026719
1568:2847399
1494:1900244
1272:4080547
1160:4340642
773:Q fever
769:rubella
589:occur.
522:group (
444:Ecology
273:History
267:vectors
176:endemic
130:Genus:
106:Order:
94:Class:
2958:Rabies
2900:HTLV-2
2895:HTLV-1
2849:-borne
2737:Rabies
2659:-borne
2468:-borne
2466:Rodent
2457:-borne
2455:Mammal
2389:(ADRV)
2368:-borne
2167:-borne
1795:-borne
1784:-borne
1674:
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1601:
1566:
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1432:
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718:chills
702:horses
405:, and
401:, the
3147:59303
3106:11029
3088:IRMNG
3067:4TFD5
2698:ZEBOV
2602:THAIV
2090:CHIKV
1607:S2CID
1452:2 May
1438:S2CID
1070:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
888:89008
738:by a
714:fever
593:Risks
538:Aedes
519:Aedes
438:India
430:Aundh
415:Samoa
399:Samoa
338:Japan
334:Tokyo
216:Aedes
56:Realm
49:Virus
3142:NCBI
3101:NCBI
3075:GBIF
2963:RABV
2764:CHPV
2752:DUVV
2747:MOKV
2742:ABLV
2715:RAVV
2710:MARV
2693:TAFV
2688:SUDV
2683:BDBV
2614:ANDV
2597:AMRV
2592:SEOV
2587:PUUV
2582:HTNV
2577:DOBV
2552:CHPV
2547:LUJV
2541:MACV
2530:SABV
2518:JUNV
2507:GTOV
2496:LASV
2346:CTFV
2301:LGTV
2290:AHFV
2286:KFDV
2276:OHFV
2261:POWV
2249:TBEV
2165:Tick
2101:ONNV
2079:VEEV
2069:WEEV
2059:EEEV
2029:ZIKV
1976:USUV
1966:SLEV
1955:KUNV
1950:MVEV
1908:RVFV
1898:NRIV
1888:BUNV
1867:TAHV
1857:LACV
1832:BWAV
1822:BATV
1706:2015
1672:PMID
1641:2015
1599:PMID
1564:PMID
1533:2015
1499:PMID
1454:2023
1430:PMID
1422:ISSN
1383:PMID
1337:PMID
1295:link
1277:PMID
1183:link
1165:PMID
1109:PMID
1078:2013
1046:2013
1016:PMID
958:PMID
927:2008
893:PMID
690:rash
622:and
610:and
526:and
434:Pune
411:Fiji
395:Fiji
380:mice
293:and
281:and
3062:CoL
2794:NiV
2789:HeV
2757:LBV
2657:Bat
2619:SNV
2124:RRV
2017:YFV
1987:WNV
1938:JEV
1842:CEV
1664:doi
1591:doi
1556:doi
1489:PMC
1481:doi
1414:doi
1373:doi
1327:doi
1267:PMC
1259:doi
1155:PMC
1147:doi
1101:doi
950:doi
883:PMC
875:doi
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775:or
476:in
464:to
285:in
283:Hay
168:RNA
164:RRV
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