691:
194:
973:("It happened thus, according to very certain memories it seems, that, being still in Castile, Alfonso I sent for to come from France for this enterprise—as is said—many companies of men of war from the regions of Béarn and Gascony, whose generals were those that were named , and other principal lords that had followed and served in past wars that he had made against the infidels"), quoted in Villegas-Aristizábal, 122.
383:, who was in Chartres in April, sent the case back to Ivo, who complained in a letter that since "this law of the Church protecting the goods of knights going to Jerusalem was new. . . they did not know whether the protection applied only to their properties or also applied to their fortifications." Rotrou denied that the case had anything to do with the novel canon law.
49:
548:.1123. Robert is first mentioned in a charter issued by Rotrou in Spain, in which the count granted some houses in Zaragoza to a knight of his named Sabino in gratitude for his services (December 1124). There is a slightly later reference which shows that Rotrou was in control of Tudela and that he had appointed Robert to act as his
607:. Rotrou returned to Normandy with his retinue in 1125, leaving Robert Burdet in command of Tudela (where he is attested in charters from 1126 through 1128). Rotrou did not participate in Alfonso's Andalusian campaign, and a rumour in Normandy claimed that Alfonso made his war out of envy for Rotrou's achievements.
571:
to Tudela in 1127 he also mentioned Rotrou, Robert and Duran. It has been suggested that Rotrou's rise to an important frontier post in a city in whose conquest he played no role was either recompense for the mistreatment he received in the first decade of the century or due to the deterrent effect
622:. Rotrou was one of the signatories, since the castle of Corella had been granted to him by the king in December 1128. He is last attested as ruler in Tudela with Robert as his underling in a private act of November 1131. He was still in Iberia in March 1132, when he witnessed Alfonso's grant of a
970:
SucediĂł asĂ (segĂşn por muy ciertas memorias parece) que, estando aĂşn en
Castilla, mandĂł venir de Francia para esta empresa—como está dicho—muchas compañĂas de gente de guerra de las partes de Bearne y Gascuña, cuyos generales eran los que estaban nombrados, y otros principales señores que habĂan
928:
The source is
Orderic Vitalis. Among the Rotrou's retinue whom Orderic says returned with him from Spain in 1125 were two minor knights, Silvester of Saint-Calais and Reginald of Ballieul-en-Gouffren, who were probably the chief source of information on Rotrou's doings in Spain for the Norman
483:(1120), Rotrou returned to Spain. His parting may have been an act of penitence (perhaps he believed his sins had brought on the tragedy), or perhaps a public demonstration of grieving, since his wife was a daughter of the king, who had also lost his heir,
509:
does not mention him by name when recording the call for transpyrenean assistance put out by the
Battler. Likewise Rotrou is attested fighting for Henry I in Normandy in 1119 and so could not have had any hand in the conquest of Tudela, although the
467:. More probably the Normans just accomplished too little to be noticed, or were perhaps sent back home without encountering any Muslims because their services were not need at the time, when Alfonso the Battler had an alliance with the
407:, Nogent's mother house, and to show his sincerity and prove the fulfillment of his Crusading vow he placed a charter confirming his predecessors' donations to the abbey and the palm frond brought back from Jerusalem on the altar.
566:
in the document. Similar charters from
February 1128 and November 1131 show that this arrangement continued for almost a decade, even though Rotrou was often absent in Normandy and Robert Burdet in Tarragona. When Alfonso granted
362:
had taken
Crusaders' "houses, families, and all their goods into the protection of Saint Peter and the Roman church", and both Hugh and Rotrou were veterans of the First Crusade, the dispute was intractable. Bishop and lawyer
463:, until the Aragonese plotted against them and they returned home. It has been speculated that the Norman involvement in the campaign originated as gossip designed to discredit Alfonso by Cluny, an ally of Alfonso's rival,
1021:" (the Aquitanian count Rotrou, under the rule of the emperor Alfonso is the lord of Tudela. From the count's hand Robert Burdet is mayor in Tudela, and the justiciar is Duran Pixon.), quoted in Villegas-Aristizábal, 125.
290:. What influenced Rotrou in this regard were probably familial connexions. He was related to the Anglo-Norman aristocracy and the Perche was a march (border region) in southern Normandy. A sister was married to
638:
Sometime before 1144, Rotrou returned to the
Mideast on Crusade, one of the few north French barons to do so. On this second trip Rotrou obtained some relics which he donated to the monastery he had founded at
1076:" (a man to be praised in nothing) and calls his confraternity the Order of the Palm. This campaign must have ended by 1125, since Galindo was back in Aragon in that year, cf. Villegas-Aristizábal, 128.
532:, which the nobles of southern France who had participated in its conquest did. He had arrived in Aragon by 1123, perhaps as early as 1121. His first participation was probably in the campaign against
536:. An Aragonese charter dating to April 1123 refers to Rotrou as "count in Tudela", although it does not specifically refer to him as the ruler of the place. The Norman lord
1019:
Equitaniensis comitis nomine Retrot, sub iussu
Adefonsi imperatoris est dominator Tutele. De manu comitis est alcaite in Tutela Rotbert Bordet, et iusticia Duran Pexo
526:. Since he received land in Zaragoza after the conquest, it might be assumed that he sent either money or men to assist in the enterprise. He did not sign the city's
283:
738:
514:
makes him out to be the chief conqueror and the first and independent ruler of the town. Neither is he mentioned in the charter of surrender of Tudela.
501:(1119), but this account has been shown to be apocryphal. Many French barons can be connected with the expedition against Zaragoza, but although his
1218:
451:
dates to the first decade of the twelfth century (possibly 1104–5). He and a group of
Normans are said to have fought the Muslims in the service of
426:
and Robert
Curthose, Rotrou sided with the former and was an important figure in Henry's administration of the duchy after the capture of Robert at
690:
903:
761:
659:
335:
relief force two weeks later in open battle, Rotrou was one of the front line commanders. He fulfilled his vow and made it all the way to
710:
489:
259:
111:
1213:
1112:
Riley-Smith, 166, shows that most of those First
Crusaders who went a second time were from southern France and the Pyrenean regions:
331:, and was one of the first to go over the city's walls through scaling ladders on 3 June 1098. When the Crusaders had to confront a
596:
434:, in right of his wife, the king's daughter Matilda. He was not often in England, but is purported to have been close to his wife.
225:
647:
611:
418:. His position was probably enhanced by his participation in the First Crusade. Whereas his father had only held the title of
838:
1173:
392:
221:
177:
67:
749:
1004:" in the charter published by JosĂ© MarĂa Lacarra, "Documentos para el estudio de la reconquista del valle del Ebro",
1190:
1121:
745:
138:
77:
772:
671:
600:
1129:
728:
591:
often moved up this road to Valencia, it was of great strategic importance for any planned campaign in eastern
1125:
679:
563:
841:, Sancho's eldest son, took the cross, although he never went to the Holy Land, see Riley-Smith, 166 n127.
655:
544:
as a principality, may originally have fought alongside Rotrou in Normandy and then followed him to Spain
295:
167:
575:
In the winter of 1124–25, Rotrou led an expedition against the hilltop Muslim fortress of Peña Cadiella (
1117:
851:
464:
1113:
395:, died in 1099. On the first Sunday after returning to France, Rotrou paid a visit to the monastery of
319:
217:
1208:
813:
604:
595:. Rotrou's expedition, which had royal approval, may have been planned in conjunction with Alfonso's
427:
355:
291:
1072:
Orderic Vitalis, who is the only source for Rotrou's assault on Benicadell, described Galindo as a "
678:. This Gilbert was one of Rotrou's grandsons, although by which son is not known. Another relation,
886:
663:
452:
332:
324:
714:
599:
that took place in 1127–28. Rotrou was assisted in his endeavour by the Aragonese knights of the
584:
460:
423:
375:. There Hugh lost, but in the violence that followed his tenant, who held the land from him as a
263:
703:
576:
506:
399:, a foundation of his family's and the location of his father tomb. There he asked to become a
757:
675:
667:
468:
411:
307:
299:
193:
146:
124:
415:
396:
328:
303:
522:
Rotrou was still in Normandy in 1120 when he signed the reconfirmation act of the abbey of
474:. Perhaps the 'Aragonese plot' originated as a rumour with dissatisfied returning Normans.
371:, over which the church was not allowed to preside, and so remitted it to the court of the
1180:
1164:
956:
A study of this question is Lynn Nelson, "Rotrou of Perche and the Aragonese Reconquest",
907:
825:
821:
651:
640:
554:(mayor) or military commander of the citadel and one Duran Pixon to act as administrator (
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372:
364:
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287:
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239:
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39:
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404:
311:
1202:
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247:
17:
477:
After the death of his wife, eldest son and two of his nephews in the wreck of the
1094:
Villegas-Aristizábal, appendix, doc. 23. This document survives in two originals.
1152:
A history of the ancient town and borough of Newbury, in the county of Berkshire
234:
876:(Woodbridge, 2002), 54–85, gives a definite account of Rotrou's Norman career.
737:
Rotrou's third wife was Hawise, daughter of Walter of Salisbury and sister of
719:
592:
479:
380:
562:, that Rotrou ruled Tudela as a vassal of Alfonso the Battler, who is called
430:
in 1106. Rotrou was a direct vassal of Henry in England, where he held fiefs
555:
541:
336:
267:
251:
717:
and one of his many mistresses, Edith. Matilda drowned in the wreck of the
580:
523:
494:
419:
550:
243:
229:
162:
48:
505:
name Rotrou as fighting under Alfonso of Aragon on several occasions,
1048:
778:
Rotrou was succeeded as Count of Perche by his son of the same name.
588:
533:
528:
610:
Rotrou returned to Alfonso the Battler in 1130, when he was at the
874:
Power and Border Lordship in Medieval France: The County of Perche
689:
351:
192:
971:
seguido y servido en guerras pasadas que hizo contra los infieles
376:
698:
Rotrou's first wife's name is unknown. They had one daughter:
1059:
1057:
767:
Rotrou also had an illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:
572:
of his private army of Normans on the neighbouring Muslims.
246:
from 1123 to 1131. He is commonly credited with introducing
910:, PhD thesis, University of Nottingham (June 2007), 109–10.
658:, daughter of Rotrou's sister Juliana. Margaret's daughter
1047:
and justiciar for Robert is said to be holding the city's
938:
The suggestion is Nelson's, cf. Villegas-Aristizábal, 111.
670:, a younger and illegitimate son of Rotrou. She also made
1154:, Parker & Co., Oxford & London, 1887, page 62.
422:, Rotrou is usually called a count. In the war between
358:, thus challenging Hugh's rights to the estate. Since
888:
Norman and Anglo-Norman Participation in the Iberian
854:(1123) describing the establishment of Urban in 1095.
812:
For a summary of Rotrou's crusading experiences, see
614:. On 26 October, from the siege, Alfonso granted the
266:, in 1122 he also laid the foundations of the later
379:, was captured by Rotrou's men. The reigning pope,
350:In 1107, Rotrou built a castle on land held partly
183:
173:
161:
123:
104:
96:
83:
73:
63:
55:
32:
1041:Robert Bordet alchaite in illo castello de Tudela
1085:Villegas-Aristizábal, appendix, docs. 18 and 22.
1006:Estudios de la Edad Media de la Corona de AragĂłn
820:(Cambridge, 1997), 144. The primary sources are
618:previously given to Tudela to the small town of
294:, who was a fellow Crusader in the following of
682:, was a son of Margaret, perhaps illegitimate.
314:. A religious motivation cannot be discounted.
723:on 25 November 1120. They had two daughters:
414:was that of defender of the frontier with the
808:
806:
804:
694:Possible family tree of the counts of Perche.
8:
929:historian, cf. Villegas-Aristizábal, 128–29.
666:and raised to the chancellorship her cousin
674:, another cousin from the Perche, count in
447:Rotrou's actual first participation in the
302:, who had campaigned in Spain in 1073, and
1160:
798:(University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 366.
796:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
558:). This charter also affirms, against the
367:could not resolve it, since it involved a
238:in eastern Spain, even ruling the city of
47:
29:
794:Bonnie L. Hendricks and Anthony A. Dent,
254:breed. By his creation of a monastery at
1103:Villegas-Aristizábal, appendix, doc. 24.
646:In Spain, Rotrou established links with
787:
493:, Rotrou took part in the conquests of
298:. His mother, Beatrix, was a sister of
224:, and Beatrix de Ramerupt, daughter of
7:
702:Beatrix, married Renaud IV, lord of
391:During Rotrou's absence his father,
1043:" confirms the distinction between
323:, Rotrou was under the command of
250:to the Perche, giving rise to the
25:
487:, in the wreck. According to the
343:also mentions his bravery at the
204:(bef. 1080 – 8 May 1144), called
1051:, cf. Villegas-Aristizábal, 126.
490:Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña
197:The monastery of La Trappe today
1219:Christians of the First Crusade
579:), which guarded the road from
226:Hilduin IV, Count of Montdidier
818:The First Crusaders, 1095–1131
1:
1063:Villegas-Aristizábal, 127–28.
1039:The specifying of Robert as "
991:Villegas-Aristizábal, 122–23.
982:Villegas-Aristizábal, 124–25.
947:Villegas-Aristizábal, 118–19.
839:Peter I of Aragon and Navarre
503:Anales de la Corona de AragĂłn
472:(faction-kingdom) of Zaragoza
220:from 1099. He was the son of
87:
885:Lucas Villegas-Aristizábal,
634:Second trip to the Holy Land
284:army of the duke of Normandy
222:Geoffrey II, Count of Perche
863:Quoted in Riley-Smith, 136.
713:, illegitimate daughter of
587:. Since Muslim troops from
1235:
1030:Villegas-Aristizábal, 125.
919:Villegas-Aristizábal, 121.
754:Geoffrey (died after 1154)
739:Patrick, Earl of Salisbury
354:and partly in lordship by
1214:People of the Reconquista
1187:
1178:
1170:
1163:
773:Gilbert, Count of Gravina
709:Rotrou's second wife was
601:Confraternity of Belchite
410:Rotrou's position in the
232:and a participant in the
46:
37:
1130:William V of Montpellier
729:Elias II, Count of Maine
278:Rotrou took part in the
1126:William IX of Aquitaine
1122:Bernard Ato IV of Nîmes
741:. They had three sons:
680:Henry of Montescaglioso
258:in memory of his wife,
1074:uir in nulis laudandus
837:Riley-Smith, 104–105.
695:
296:Raymond IV of Toulouse
282:, travelling with the
198:
1118:Centule II of Bigorre
1008:, 3 (1950), doc. 125.
1002:comes Retro in Tudela
852:First Lateran Council
762:Archbishop of Palermo
693:
597:Andalusian expedition
560:Chronicle of San Juan
540:, who later held the
512:Chronicle of San Juan
465:Alfonso VI of Castile
196:
1017:The charter reads: "
960:, 26 (1970), 113–33.
814:Jonathan Riley-Smith
771:Bertrand, father of
356:Hugh II of Le Puiset
292:Raymond I of Turenne
18:Rotrou III of Perche
872:Kathleen Thompson,
664:William I of Sicily
656:Margaret of L'Aigle
453:Alfonso the Battler
443:Early participation
325:Bohemond of Taranto
228:. He was a notable
187:Beatrix de Ramerupt
1114:Gaston IV of BĂ©arn
906:2011-07-18 at the
727:Philippa, married
715:Henry I of England
696:
603:and their master,
424:Henry I of England
393:Geoffrey of Perche
320:Chanson d'Antioche
264:Henry I of England
199:
1197:
1196:
1188:Succeeded by
668:Stephen du Perche
654:. GarcĂa married
412:Duchy of Normandy
403:(brother) of the
317:According to the
300:Ebles II of Roucy
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
1226:
1171:Preceded by
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1141:Thompson, 71–78.
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850:A ruling of the
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748:, killed at the
612:Siege of Bayonne
397:Nogent-le-Rotrou
329:Siege of Antioch
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826:William of Tyre
822:Orderic Vitalis
811:
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704:Château-Gontier
688:
652:king of Navarre
636:
626:to the town of
605:Galindo Sánchez
520:
507:JerĂłnimo Zurita
445:
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389:
387:Norman politics
373:County of Blois
365:Ivo of Chartres
345:siege of Nicaea
288:Robert Curthose
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214:Count of Perche
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90:
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648:GarcĂa RamĂrez
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518:Rule of Tudela
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485:William Adelin
457:King of Aragon
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405:Abbey of Cluny
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312:King of Aragon
308:Sancho RamĂrez
306:, who married
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262:, daughter of
248:Arabian horses
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19:
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1137:
1108:
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1073:
1068:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1018:
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965:
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891:
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868:
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833:
817:
795:
790:
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766:
736:
718:
708:
697:
645:
637:
623:
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574:
568:
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431:
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349:
340:
318:
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277:
233:
209:
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200:
152:
38:
1209:1144 deaths
1174:Geoffrey II
890:Reconquista
497:(1118) and
449:Reconquista
438:Reconquista
432:jure uxoris
327:during the
235:Reconquista
212:), was the
178:Geoffrey II
91: 1080
68:Geoffrey II
64:Predecessor
1203:Categories
1185:1099–1144
720:White Ship
662:, married
593:al-Andalus
577:Benicadell
480:White Ship
428:Tinchebrai
381:Paschal II
352:allodially
202:Rotrou III
168:Châteaudun
100:8 May 1144
33:Rotrou III
1191:Rotrou IV
746:Rotrou IV
641:La Trappe
564:"emperor"
556:justiciar
542:Tarragona
401:confrater
347:of 1097.
337:Jerusalem
268:Trappists
256:La Trappe
252:Percheron
206:the Great
151:Bertrand
139:Rotrou IV
78:Rotrou IV
74:Successor
59:1099–1144
958:Traditio
904:Archived
660:Margaret
585:Valencia
581:Alicante
524:Arcisses
495:Zaragoza
420:viscount
230:Crusader
218:Mortagne
210:le Grand
143:Geoffrey
132:Philippa
1045:alcalde
758:Stephen
733:Felicia
711:Matilda
676:Gravina
672:Gilbert
620:Corella
551:alcalde
461:Navarre
455:, then
341:Chanson
304:Felicia
260:Matilda
244:Navarre
147:Stephan
135:Felicia
1049:castle
896:.1018–
686:Family
589:Murcia
569:fueros
534:Lleida
529:fueros
499:Tudela
339:. The
333:Seljuk
240:Tudela
184:Mother
174:Father
116:Hawise
105:Spouse
900:.1248
782:Notes
624:fuero
616:fuero
470:taifa
163:House
125:Issue
56:Reign
1128:and
824:and
628:AsĂn
459:and
377:fief
216:and
97:Died
84:Born
583:to
242:in
1205::
1124:,
1120:,
1116:,
1056:^
892:,
816:,
803:^
760:,
643:.
630:.
310:,
286:,
270:.
88:c.
1132:.
1000:"
898:c
894:c
828:.
546:c
208:(
20:)
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