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as a prominent signer, were used for signing alliances between multiple military clans and were intended more for removing the hierarchy and emphasizing the equal status between signers rather than for a disguise. Later usages, including 1681 plea signed by a group of farmers in 25 villages and a
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similar plea in 1754 signed by 30 local village lords, has more emphasis on hiding the ringleader. In modern Japan, there are more casual usages of the similar style of signing for ceremonial purposes including school graduation and significant events in group sports.
120:, to accelerate the departure of the American Army back to the United States during the rainy disease-plagued summer season. This letter was leaked to the press and embarrassed the administration of US President
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A round-robin letter was authored in Cuba after the cessation of hostilities in 1898 by a committee of 10 brigade commanders of the
American Army's V Corps including acting brigade commander
63:) appending their names on a document in a non-hierarchical circle or ribbon pattern (and so disguising the order in which they have signed) so that none may be identified as a ringleader.
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is a document signed by multiple parties in a circle to make it more difficult to determine the order in which it was signed, thus preventing a ringleader from being identified.
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246:改訂新版,世界大百科事典内言及, 精選版 日本国語大辞典,デジタル大辞泉,改訂新版 世界大百科事典,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),百科事典マイペディア,山川 日本史小辞典.
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196:, Oxford English Dictionary cited at The Phrase Finder, September 29, 2002
93:) in feudal Japan. Early examples of it, such as 1557 treaty including
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For the letter that traditionally accompanies a
Christmas card, see
142:"round robin | Etymology of phrase round robin by etymonline"
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This practice was adopted by sailors petitioning officers in the
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271:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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108:Round-Robin Letter (Spanish–American War)
77:Sailor's Round Robin early 1600s England
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206:小項目事典, 精選版 日本国語大辞典,ブリタニカ国際大百科事典.
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81:The practice was also known as
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208:"傘連判状(からかされんばんじょう)とは？ 意味や使い方"
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171:Collection at Bartleby.com
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248:"傘連判(からかされんばん)とは？ 意味や使い方"
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295:Round-robin (document)
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297:at Wikimedia Commons
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310:Military terminology
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102:Spanish–American War
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68:Royal Navy
50:Rond ruban
315:Documents
167:"Authors"
267:cite web
257:March 3,
227:cite web
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87:Japanese
56:ribbon
54:round
47:French
30:Origin
61:Crown
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91:傘連判状
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