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more than $ 1,000 ($ 32,700 in 2023 dollars) for construction of the memorial. Another display of military horsemanship by the 13th
Cavalry and 4th Field Artillery Battery occurred in December 1907. President Roosevelt donated $ 100 ($ 3,391 in 2023 dollars) at the event to help dissipate the debt. Another memorial fund-raiser, also attended by President Roosevelt, was held in April 1908.
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454:. The stone arrived at Arlington National Cemetery by February 6, 1907. The tablet included the Rough Riders insignia at the top and the plaque's tentative language read: "In memory of the deceased members of the First United States Volunteer Cavalry, Spanish–American War. Erected by the members and friends of the regiment."
804:
The Rough Rider
Monument Society planned to have the names of members of the regiment inscribed on the monument as they died, and established a self-sustaining fund to pay for this. The raising of money for the inscription fund continued long after the memorial's dedication. The monument society owed
149:
shaft was erected by surviving members of the Rough Riders and their friends and supporters. Although
Arlington National Cemetery, a number of secondary sources, and even the bronze plaque on the memorial say the monument was dedicated in 1906 and one source says 1905, contemporary newspaper accounts
302:
with sunk, blank panels on all four sides stood on the base. On the plinth rose a tapered square column with a flat top. Sunk into the face of this column was a bronze plaque, which read: "In memory of the officers and men of the United States army, who were killed in the assault and capture of this
836:
Incorrect information about the date of the Rough Rider
Memorial's dedication is common. This may be because the bronze plaque on the front of the memorial says 1906. Arlington National Cemetery and a number of secondary sources (largely written by historians of the cemetery) claim the monument was
402:
The Rough Rider
Memorial was designed by Mrs. Capron, who decided to model the monument on the Rough Riders shaft erected by General Wood in Cuba. The bronze tablet on the memorial's face was designed by Major J.T. Knight and Major S.L. Fairson, Army officers assigned to the Quartermaster General's
457:
The foundation for the memorial was laid on March 27, 1907. Present for this event were Mrs. Capron, Mrs. Towne, and Mr. Carmody. A time capsule in the form of a bronze box was placed beneath the monument. Included in the capsule were copies of each daily newspaper in
Washington, D.C.; an American
311:
base. Rough-hewn pieces of dark grey granite were cemented together to form a rectangular plinth (square in cross-section) atop the flagstones. A tapered square column, made of the same rough-hewn, cemented granite, rose to a flat top. An artillery shell was placed atop the column, and a bronze
399:. Taft was one of Roosevelt's closest friends. Approval was very unlikely to be denied, and was probably given some time in May or early June 1906. The first fundraiser for the memorial was announced June 10, 1906—five days before the society was formally organized.
765:
are crossed. Appearing to hang from the sabres is the regimental insignia. An "RR" (for Rough Riders") is inscribed on the insignia, and the name of the three major battles in which the unit fought (Las
Guasimas, San Juan Hill, Santiago) ring the emblem.
306:
A second memorial, specific to the Rough Riders, was erected at Las
Guasimas. The provenance of this memorial is not clear. It was shaped much like the one at San Juan Hill although the building materials were much different. This monument was set on a
297:
Wood out of general funds provided for Cuba's military occupation, was erected next to the
Spanish Army blockhouse atop San Juan Hill. This memorial stood on a square concrete base, on the four corners of which were placed artillery shells. A square
840:
Contemporary newspaper accounts are clear that the memorial was dedicated on April 12, 1907. President
Roosevelt's own published collection of major speeches notes that the date of dedication was April 12, 1907. Other historians note that the
808:
At the funeral of General Leonard Wood in August 1927, the approximately 400 living Rough Riders gathered for an informal reunion at Arlington National Cemetery. For many, it was the first time they had seen the Rough Riders Memorial.
312:
plaque affixed to its face. The plaque read: "In Memory / Of the men of /The First and Tenth United States Cavalry, / Young's Brigade / Wheeler's Division, / Who Were Killed in the / Battle of Las Guásimas / June 24th 1898."
745:
The Rough Riders Memorial is constructed of a grey granite block 14 feet (4.3 m) tall and quarried near Barre, Vermont. In design, it is very similar to the Rough Rider monument erected at Las Guasimas in Cuba. The
170:
since 1895, an effort largely supported by the United States, which had extensive economic interests on the island. To ensure the safety of American citizens and property in Cuba, the United States sent the
532:. At the time, seven Rough Riders were buried in the far western edge of what is now Section 22 (along McPherson Avenue). These graves were strewn with yellow and white flowers, the colors of the regiment.
1805:
365:
The society also established a memorial committee. Its members included Capron, Jordan, and the rest of the society's board of directors. Additional members included Maude Wildrey Towne, wife of former
568:". President Roosevelt spoke at length about patriotism and duty, and then the Rev. Dr. Stafford provided an oration on virtue. After several more musical pieces by the bands, Rev. Brown gave the
327:(the Rough Riders' first officer to be killed in action), was elected president and treasurer. Eldridge E. Jordan, a prominent businessman, was elected vice president. The other members of the
320:
It is not clear who first proposed a Rough Rider Memorial, or when the idea was first raised. A Rough Riders National Monument Society was organized on June 15, 1906. Lillian Capron, wife of
674:
285:
222:
in command of a regular regiment, but Roosevelt declined. Alger agreed to Roosevelt's volunteer scheme, and Roosevelt resigned his post on May 6, 1898. Roosevelt was commissioned a
493:
The unveiling and dedication ceremony for the Rough Riders Memorial was at 4:30 P.M. on April 12, 1907. The Rough Riders Monument Society formed a committee to plan the event, and
638:
467:
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761:(a symbol of victory). At the top of the plaque is a bar which bears the name of the regiment ("1st. U.S. Vol. Cav."). Below that are outspread wings, over which two
406:
A fundraising campaign was undertaken to pay for the memorial. On June 10, 1906. Mrs. Capron had organized a party to raise money for a monument. During the event, a
686:
471:
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395:. But no record of such permission exists. Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as President of the United States on September 14, 1901, after the death of President
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The memorial's bronze tablet and inscriptions were cleaned and conserved in the early 2000s by Gordon Ponsford, a restorer who also worked on the cemetery's
601:
77:
277:, during which it successfully charged Kettle Hill (the famous "charge up San Juan Hill") and dislodged another Spanish force with superior firepower.
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230:. Although formally named the "1st United States Volunteer Cavalry", the press nicknamed the regiment the "Rough Riders" because most of the men were
1815:
616:
547:
485:
377:
1787:, via the Web site "Cuban Battlefields of the Spanish–American War." Center for Digital Research in the Humanities. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
35:
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427:
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750:-like memorial is rough-hewn everywhere, except for the panels on the north, south, and east faces where the names of the dead are carved.
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1426:
Reprint ed. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. (Third rev. and updated ed., originally published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1905.)
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529:
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633:; and the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard. Many former Rough Riders were also present, as well as representatives of the
540:
223:
753:
Near the top of the front (western face) of the memorial is a smooth bar of granite, on which the words "ROUGH RIDERS'" is carved in
875:"Rough Riders Memorial." Monuments and Memorials. Exploring the Cemetery. Visitor Information. Arlington National Cemetery. No date.
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294:
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exploded and was destroyed with large loss of life on February 15, and Spain and the U.S. declared war on each other on April 25.
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had control of Arlington National Cemetery at the time. The erection of a monument would have required the permission of either
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ridge, July 1, 1898, and in the siege of Santiago, July 1 to July 16, 1898. War between Spain and the United States."
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of volunteers and declined command of the regiment (due to his military inexperience) in favor of his friend, Colonel
130:
293:
Two memorials to the Rough Riders were erected in Cuba shortly after the Spanish–American War ended. One, erected by
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It is unclear exactly when approval to erect the Rough Rider Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery was given. The
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Images of the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry and the 10th U.S. Cavalry Memorial at the Las Guasimas battlefield
520:, and part of a company of the D.C. Naval National Guard. Music was provided by the 13th Cavalry Band; the
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Henry A. Brown, U.S. Army. All the men were former Rough Riders. Rev. Brown had served as the regimental
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flag; and one of each American silver coin in circulation, and a copy of Theodore Roosevelt's book,
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849:, was dedicated the same year (1907) as the Rough Riders Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery.
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554:(his military aide). Each band played a musical selection, and Rev. Henry A. Brown provided the
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politician and clerk of the Oklahoma Federal District Court; William Henry Harrison Llewellyn, a
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were expected to attend. The event drew a large crowd and raised a significant amount of money.
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289:
The memorial to the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill near the old Spanish Army blockhouse in 1910.
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The Spanish–American War was a ten-week conflict during the spring and summer of 1898.
438:, adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery. President Roosevelt and most of Washington
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force with superior weapons and more men. On July 1, the regiment participated in the
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536:
112:
1370:
Reprint ed. New York: Anthem Press, 2007. (First ed. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910.)
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The total cost of the Rough Riders Memorial was $ 2,500 ($ 81,750 in 2023 dollars).
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At the time of its unveiling, the names of more than 100 men had been cut into it.
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on June 24, during which they successfully turned the right flank of a retreating
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One source gives the height as 15 feet (4.6 m). See: "Rough Riders' Shaft."
757:. Below this is a rectangular dark bronze plaque whose edges are ornamented with
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gave a two-hour concert. President Theodore Roosevelt donated a large number of
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Gallagher, Patrick. "Only 400 Survive of 1,360 Who Fought With Rough Riders."
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462:, autographed by President Roosevelt, the Reverend Doctor Denis J. Stafford,
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79:
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reported on March 28, 1907, that the memorial's bronze tablet said "1906".
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1398:
Paul Andrew Hutton, ed. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011.
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426:. Another fund-raiser was held on February 8, 1907, when members of the
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was played by a bugler, and another 21-gun salute closed the ceremony.
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Rough Riders Memorial official Web site at Arlington National Cemetery
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by the artillery welcomed President Roosevelt, who was accompanied by
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The Rough Riders Memorial was created from grey granite quarried in
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that he could raise an all-volunteer force of 1,000 men and form a
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dedicated in 1906. One source even claims it was erected in 1905.
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Western Heritage: A Selection of Wrangler Award-Winning Articles.
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and then Mrs. Capron unveiled the memorial as the bands played "
262:
159:
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137:, in the United States that commemorates those members of the "
218:. Alger offered Roosevelt a commission in the Army as a full
1410:
Arlington National Cemetery: Shrine to America's Heroes.
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Davis, Richard Harding. "The Passing of San Juan Hill."
489:
North panel of the memorial, showing names of the dead.
253:
The 1,060 Rough Riders departed their training camp in
1313:
O'Keefe, Ed. "Memorable Words Becoming More Visible."
373:, and John Doyle Carmody, a prominent D.C. attorney.
1356:
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2007.
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Spanish–American War memorials in the United States
1721:
1686:
1648:
1617:
1541:
1456:
1070:
Davis, "The Passing of San Juan Hill", p. 146, 151.
197:but more than 100,000 needed to prosecute the war,
150:show the memorial was dedicated on April 12, 1907.
71:
53:
23:
1440:Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.
1361:A Moment of Silence: Arlington National Cemetery.
870:
868:
611:; Presidential secretary Loeb; Brigadier General
512:of mounted soldiers from the 13th Cavalry, three
695:Imperial Russian ambassador to the United States
46:For members of the Rough Riders who died in the
1354:Where Valor Rests: Arlington National Cemetery.
1129:on January 10, 1906. "Medal for Capt. Church."
1368:Moments in Hell: Notes of a War Correspondent.
1169:
1167:
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889:Peters, p. 258; Dodge, p. 60; Atkinson, p. 29.
651:Oldest Inhabitants of the District of Columbia
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1429:Summers, J.C. "A Cruise in Southern Seas."
1412:2d ed. Bethesda, Md.: Woodbine House, 2000.
1394:Hutton, Paul Andrew. "TR Takes Charge." In
1384:Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.
1363:Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
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1419:Westminster, Md.: Osprey Publishing, 2013.
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631:Commissioners of the District of Columbia
477:, and members of the memorial committee.
414:off, various donated items sold, and the
885:
883:
548:Chief of Staff of the United States Army
518:District of Columbia Army National Guard
500:assisted with the planning and acted as
1391:Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003.
864:
681:. Foreign dignitaries present included
508:from the U.S. Light Field Artillery, a
432:4th Battery, U.S. Light Field Artillery
265:, on June 19. They participated in the
1678:Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage
687:French ambassador to the United States
663:George Washington Memorial Association
434:, put on a display of horsemanship at
246:, and similar "rough" people from the
1359:Andrews, Owen and Davidson, Cameron.
971:"Roosevelt Tells The Joy of Battle."
589:, the incumbent Army Chief of Staff;
7:
679:Washington National Monument Society
659:Daughters of the American Revolution
647:Society of the Army of the Tennessee
1424:The Rough Riders and Men of Action.
530:District of Columbia National Guard
1754:Roosevelt's World War I volunteers
1403:Theodore Roosevelt in Perspective.
832:The Rough Riders Memorial in 1912.
14:
316:Creating the Rough Rider Memorial
1532:
901:Andrews and Davidson, p. 27, 60.
34:
1816:1907 establishments in Virginia
624:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
331:included Charles E. Hunter, an
281:The first Rough Rider memorials
199:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
1405:New York: Novinka Books, 2005.
602:Commandant of the Marine Corps
528:; and the Brigade Band of the
1:
468:St. Patrick's Catholic Church
378:U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps
40:Rough Riders Memorial in 2011
1387:Hendrickson, Kenneth Elton.
1382:Arlington National Cemetery.
1377:38:2 (August 1905), 142–153.
1286:"For Rough Rider Monument."
1273:"For Rough Rider Monument."
1215:"Fort Myer Riders Cheered."
257:, on May 29, and arrived in
193:With only 25,000 men in the
164:waging a war of independence
1801:Arlington National Cemetery
1744:Canyon Diablo Train Robbery
1438:The War With Spain in 1898.
1260:"President Donates $ 100."
1231:"President May See Drill."
1112:"Drill for Monument Fund."
1096:"Will Honor Rough Riders."
655:United Confederate Veterans
504:. In attendance were three
403:office in Washington, D.C.
131:Arlington National Cemetery
1832:
1433:24:4 (July 1906), 436–443.
1431:The Metropolitan Magazine.
788:Erected by the members and
769:The text on tablet reads:
643:Grand Army of the Republic
617:Assistant Secretary of War
342:Republican politician and
186:in late January 1898. The
135:Arlington County, Virginia
109:Arlington County, Virginia
1530:
1417:Roosevelt's Rough Riders.
1389:The Spanish–American War.
581:Those attending included
416:United States Marine Band
45:
33:
28:
16:Memorial in Virginia, USA
791:friends of the regiment.
566:The Star-Spangled Banner
460:The Rough Riders in Cuba
385:Charles F. Humphrey, Sr.
1635:Battle of San Juan Hill
1474:Alexander Oswald Brodie
1366:Davis, Richard Hardin.
1331:Accessed June 22, 2013.
1199:"Social and Personal."
1186:"Social and Personal."
1155:"Rough Riders' Shaft."
1072:Accessed June 21, 2013.
1044:Accessed June 21, 2013.
877:Accessed June 20, 2013.
561:Nearer, My God, to Thee
424:White House Rose Garden
275:Battle of San Juan Hill
93:38.875429°N 77.075989°W
59:; 117 years ago
1749:TiburĂłn Island Tragedy
1703:Teddy, the Rough Rider
1666:Bucky O'Neill Monument
1630:Battle of Las Guasimas
1494:John Campbell Greenway
1408:Peters, Edward James.
1319:Accessed June 7, 2013.
833:
667:Sons of the Revolution
546:(the recently retired
490:
472:Presidential Secretary
391:, or Secretary of War
344:United States Attorney
290:
267:Battle of Las Guasimas
1656:Rough Riders Memorial
1422:Roosevelt, Theodore.
1415:Quesadas, Alejandro.
831:
591:Secretary of the Navy
585:; Lieutenant General
488:
470:of Washington, D.C.,
420:American Beauty roses
389:Quartermaster General
354:, U.S. Army; and the
288:
123:Rough Riders Memorial
98:38.875429; -77.075989
24:Rough Riders Memorial
1661:Buckey O'Neill Cabin
1625:Spanish–American War
1499:John Avery McIlhenny
1375:Scribner's Magazine.
1125:Church received the
1042:Summers, p. 441-442.
1005:Hendrickson, p. 104.
843:Rough Rider Memorial
818:Confederate Memorial
785:Spanish–American War
776:The deceased members
683:Jean Jules Jusserand
671:Union Veteran Legion
635:Spanish War Veterans
583:all Cabinet officers
550:) and Major General
526:Washington Navy Yard
502:master of ceremonies
340:New Mexico Territory
143:Spanish–American War
48:Spanish–American War
1509:Allyn K. Capron Sr.
1504:Allyn K. Capron Jr.
1479:James H. McClintock
1032:Hutton, p. 291-294.
1023:Hutton, p. 288-290.
1014:Hutton, p. 286-287.
939:"Unveil Monument."
697:; ambassadors from
639:Army and Navy Union
393:William Howard Taft
325:Allyn K. Capron Jr.
89: /
57:April 12, 1907
1759:The Lost Battalion
1713:(1997 mini-series)
1549:George G. McMurtry
1469:Theodore Roosevelt
1264:December 12, 1907.
834:
782:Volunteer Cavalry,
741:About the memorial
731:Embassy of Germany
620:Robert Shaw Oliver
541:Lieutenant General
491:
329:board of directors
291:
255:San Antonio, Texas
224:lieutenant colonel
202:Theodore Roosevelt
195:United States Army
145:in 1898. The grey
141:" who died in the
1767:
1766:
1672:The Bronco Buster
1640:Siege of Santiago
1524:Thomas H. Rynning
1380:Dodge, George W.
1317:October 29, 2010.
1277:December 8, 1907.
1235:February 7, 1907.
1219:February 9, 1907.
1133:January 10, 1906.
1116:January 31, 1907.
847:Prescott, Arizona
727:military attachés
609:William S. Cowles
598:George F. Elliott
594:Victor H. Metcalf
558:. The crowd sang
498:George H. Harries
382:Brigadier General
295:Brigadier General
119:
118:
1823:
1695:The Rough Riders
1536:
1445:
1436:Trask, David F.
1352:Atkinson, Rick.
1341:
1340:Quesadas, p. 69.
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1315:Washington Post.
1310:
1304:
1303:August 14, 1927.
1301:Washington Post.
1297:
1291:
1288:Washington Post.
1284:
1278:
1275:Washington Post.
1271:
1265:
1262:Washington Post.
1258:
1249:
1246:Washington Post.
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1236:
1233:Washington Post.
1229:
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1217:Washington Post.
1213:
1204:
1201:Washington Post.
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1188:Washington Post.
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1175:Washington Post.
1171:
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1157:Washington Post.
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1134:
1131:Washington Post.
1123:
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1114:Washington Post.
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1101:
1098:Washington Post.
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996:Lansford, p. 46.
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969:
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941:Washington Post.
937:
902:
899:
890:
887:
878:
872:
735:Embassy of Japan
613:J. Franklin Bell
596:; Major General
475:William Loeb Jr.
397:William McKinley
371:Charles A. Towne
259:Santiago de Cuba
244:Native Americans
209:Russell A. Alger
206:Secretary of War
154:The Rough Riders
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1739:Three Guardsmen
1734:Arizona Rangers
1729:Buckhorn Saloon
1717:
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1589:Craig Wadsworth
1564:Thomas Grindell
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1401:Lansford, Tom.
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1290:April 27, 1908.
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1248:March 28, 1907.
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1159:March 28, 1907.
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1055:Moments in Hell
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975:April 13, 1907.
973:New York Times.
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943:April 13, 1907.
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854:Washington Post
826:
824:Dedication date
779:of the 1st U.S.
743:
627:Truman Newberry
522:Engineers' Band
483:
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348:James R. Church
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1584:Frank Frantz
1554:Chris Madsen
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1464:Leonard Wood
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18:
1705:(1940 film)
1697:(1927 film)
1618:Engagements
1599:Ben Daniels
1579:Juan Alamia
1173:"Society."
691:Baron Rosen
570:benediction
552:Frank McCoy
96: /
1795:Categories
1604:Frank Knox
1594:Henry Nash
860:References
755:bas-relief
725:; and the
721:, and the
556:invocation
481:Dedication
346:; Captain
336:Republican
204:convinced
173:battleship
106:near
84:77°04′34″W
81:38°52′32″N
64:1907-04-12
1649:Memorials
729:from the
524:from the
514:companies
506:batteries
436:Fort Myer
422:from the
309:flagstone
242:workers,
176:USS
162:had been
1722:See also
1457:Officers
1057:, p. 72.
719:Thailand
430:and the
360:chaplain
356:Reverend
333:Oklahoma
240:railroad
216:regiment
166:against
127:memorial
72:Location
54:Unveiled
1329:p. 339.
1053:Davis,
748:obelisk
703:Denmark
516:of the
440:society
412:raffled
322:Captain
232:cowboys
220:colonel
213:cavalry
147:granite
62: (
763:sabres
715:Panama
711:Norway
699:Brazil
677:, and
629:; the
464:rector
387:, the
300:plinth
184:Havana
794:1906.
707:Japan
510:squad
408:saber
188:Maine
178:Maine
168:Spain
125:is a
1687:Film
852:The
816:and
733:and
575:Taps
410:was
352:M.D.
263:Cuba
248:West
160:Cuba
121:The
113:U.S.
845:in
466:of
182:to
133:in
129:in
1797::
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572:.
535:A
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250:.
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111:,
66:)
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