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130:. Charisma, however, can be studied scientifically if seen as a costly signal, using values, symbols, and emotions. Its economic value in consequential settings has also been scientifically examined. Thus Weber's insights were valuable in identifying the construct of charisma. Modern social science therefore still supports the original thinking regarding the utility of the construct.
308:
According to Max Weber, the methods of succession are: search, revelation, designation by original leader, designation by qualified staff, hereditary charisma, and office charisma. These are the various ways in which an individual and a society can contrive to maintain the unique energy and nature of
120:
certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine
739:
Original German: "»Charisma« soll eine als außeralltäglich (ursprünglich, sowohl bei
Propheten wie bei therapeutischen wie bei Rechts-Weisen wie bei Jagdführern wie bei Kriegshelden: als magisch bedingt) geltende Qualität einer Persönlichkeit heißen, um derentwillen sie als mit übernatürlichen
468:
to have founders or leaders who wield considerable charismatic authority and are believed to have special powers or knowledge. Charismatic leaders are unpredictable, Barker says, for they are not bound by tradition or rules and they may be accorded by their followers the right to pronounce on all
150:
or socially approved use of power. It is the legitimate power which one person or a group holds and exercises over another. The element of legitimacy is vital to the notion of authority and is the main means by which authority is distinguished from the more general concept of power. Power can be
125:
In the modern era, psychologists have defined charisma in terms of practical outcomes (i.e. charismatic leaders are effective). The matter of conceptualization is an important consideration and how it relates to outcomes is circular in reasoning. The conclusions derived from the theory cannot be
381:"A successor (may be designated) by the charismatically qualified administrative staff... (T)his process should not be interpreted as 'election' or 'nomination'... It is not determined by merely a majority vote...Unanimity (is) often required." A case example of this form of succession is the
159:
of the right of those above them to give them orders or directives. Charismatic authority is often the most lasting of regimes because the leader is seen as infallible and any action against him will be seen as a crime against the state. Charismatic leaders eventually develop a
121:
origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader. . . . How the quality in question would be ultimately judged from an ethical, aesthetic, or other such point of view is naturally indifferent for the purpose of definition.
300:
is concentrated in one leader, the death of the charismatic leader would constitute the destruction of the government unless prior arrangements were made. A society that faces the end of their charismatic leader can choose to move to another format of
509:
and also argues that they display an extraordinary amount of energy, accompanied by an inner clarity unhindered by the anxieties and guilt that afflict more ordinary people. He did however not fully follow Weber's framework of charismatic authority.
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aspects of their lives. Barker warns that in these cases the leader may lack any accountability, require unquestioning obedience, and encourage a dependency upon the movement for material, spiritual and social resources.
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oder übermenschlichen oder mindestens spezifisch außeralltäglichen, nicht jedem andern zugänglichen Kräften oder
Eigenschaften oder als gottgesandt oder als vorbildlich und deshalb als »Führer« gewertet wird."
288:. When the leader of such a state dies or leaves office, and a new charismatic leader does not appear, such a regime is likely to fall shortly thereafter, unless it has become fully routinized.
169:
ower legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment, which inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.
997:
Ernst, Brittany A.; Banks, George C.; Loignon, Andrew C.; Frear, Katherine A.; Williams, Courtney E.; Arciniega, Luis M.; Gupta, Roopak K.; Kodydek, Georg; Subramanian, Dilip (2021-07-01).
1552:
201:. Should the strength of this belief fade, the power of the charismatic leader can fade quickly, which is one of the ways in which this form of authority shows itself to be unstable.
1888:
238:. Usually this charismatic authority is incorporated into society. Hereby the challenge that it presents to society will subside. The way in which this happens is called
1667:
1584:
208:, Weber saw charismatic authority not so much as character traits of the charismatic leader but as a relationship between the leader and his followers. The validity of
249:
harismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.
83:
of divine origin that demonstrated the divine authority possessed by the early leaders of the Church. Weber developed the theological term and the concept of
1530:
475:
asserts that not all new religious movements have charismatic leaders, and that there are differences in the hegemonic styles among those movements that do.
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means from one bearer to another...It involves a dissociation of charisma from a particular individual, making it an objective, transferable entity."
177:. The absence of that leader for any reason can lead to the authority's power dissolving. However, due to its idiosyncratic nature and lack of formal
373:
had designated him to be his successor as leader of the USSR. Insofar as people believed in this claim, Stalin gained Lenin's charismatic authority.
1796:
445:
inherit priestly charisma and are subsequently perceived by their congregations as having the charismatic authority that comes with the priesthood.
218:). His charisma risks disappearing if he is "abandoned by God" or if "his government doesn't provide any prosperity to those whom he dominates".
1801:
1329:
Unrecognized charisma? A study and comparison of four charismatic leaders: Charles Taze
Russell, Joseph Smith, L Ron Hubbard, Swami Prabhupada.
708:
47:
441:
is believed to be a modus through which priestly charisma to teach and perform other priestly duties is transferred to a person. In this way,
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and establishes a set of laws and rules is likely to lose its charismatic character and move towards another type of authority. For example,
1428:
1459:
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1500:
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1211:
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Paper presented at the 2001 International
Conference The Spiritual Supermarket: Religious Pluralism in the 21st Century, organised by
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714:
333:." This search is an example of the way in which an original charismatic leader can be forced to "live on" through a replacement.
261:, who had charismatic authority as "The Prophet" among his followers, was succeeded by the traditional authority and structure of
365:
In this form, the original holder of charismatic authority is perceived to have passed their authority to another. An example is
1409:"Conceptual Foundations of Weber's Theory of Domination." Foundations of Modern Social Thought. YaleCourses. New Haven. Lecture.
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1451:
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317:"The search for a new charismatic leader (takes place) on the basis of the qualities which will fit him for the position of
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Weber's model of charismatic leadership giving way to institutionalization is endorsed by several academic sociologists.
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1625:
703:
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General belief in the formal correctness of these rules and those who enact them are considered a legitimized authority
173:
Leadership is the power to diffuse a positive energy and a sense of greatness. As such, it rests almost entirely on the
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54:
contrasts charismatic authority (character, heroism, leadership, religious) against two other types of authority: (i)
1879:
353:
were believed to have special access to "divine judgment" and thus their technique in selection was perceived to be
345:
of the new leader is dependent on the legitimacy of the technique of selection." The technique of selection is the
777:. For Weber, sociology considers these types of charismatic domination in "an identical manner to the charisma of
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1811:
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1706:
418:
231:
55:
1900:
1493:
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Weber's
Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on Politics, Bureaucracy, and Social Stratification
1393:"Weber on Rational-l'egal Authority." Foundations of Modern Social Thought. YaleCourses. New Haven. Lecture.
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1615:
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Charisma can be perceived as "a quality transmitted by heredity". This method of succession is present in
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342:
182:
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1401:"Weber on Traditional Authority." Foundations of Modern Social Thought. YaleCourses. New Haven. Lecture.
1385:"Weber on Charismatic Authority." Foundations of Modern Social Thought. YaleCourses. New Haven. Lecture.
414:
227:
59:
765:) towards various forms of charismatic domination: it does not differentiate between the charisma of a
325:. "It consists in a search for a child with characteristics which are interpreted to mean that he is a
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998:
846:
Chapter: "The Nature of
Charismatic Authority and its Routinization" translated by A. R. Anderson and
393:. The cardinals taking part in the papal conclave are viewed to be charismatically qualified by their
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1754:
1324:
673:
472:
999:"Virtual charismatic leadership and signaling theory: A prospective meta-analysis in five countries"
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357:. Their choice was imbued with the charismatic authority that came with the oracle's endorsement.
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about charisma, had eleven charismatic leaders fill in a psychometric test, which he called the
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of the authority than Weber's other forms of authority. For instance, a charismatic leader in a
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or to have a transference of charismatic authority to another leader by means of succession.
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969:
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801:
Joosse, Paul. 2014. "Becoming a God: Max Weber and the Social
Construction of Charisma".
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688:
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413:. This type of succession is a difficult undertaking and often results in a movement toward
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284:. To help to maintain their charismatic authority, such regimes will often establish a vast
269:
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Antonakis, John; d’Adda, Giovanna; Weber, Roberto A.; Zehnder, Christian (2021-12-28).
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Antonakis, John; Bastardoz, Nicolas; Jacquart, Philippe; Shamir, Boas (2016-03-21).
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into a secular term for the sociological study of organizations. Terms derived from
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234:(legal) authority. It tends to challenge this authority, and is thus often seen as
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to
Christian communities in the first century of the common era, wherein the word
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1014:
577:
Virtue of rationally established norms, decrees, and other rules and regulations
1044:
Meslec, Nicoleta; Curseu, Petru L.; Fodor, Oana C.; Kenda, Renata (2020-12-01).
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1093:""Just Words? Just Speeches?" On the Economic Value of Charismatic Leadership"
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Kunin, Seth D. "Religion; the modern theories" University of
Edinburgh 2003
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Prophetic
Charisma: The Psychology of Revolutionary Religious Personalities
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congregations and thus their choice is imbued with charismatic authority.
1046:"Effects of charismatic leadership and rewards on individual performance"
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is founded on its "recognition" by the leader's followers (or "adepts" –
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Roman Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law
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1162:"Charismatic Authority: Emotional Bonds Between Leaders and Followers"
962:
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior
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781:, prophets, the "greatest saviours according to common appreciation".
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Charismatic Authority: Emotional Bonds Between Leaders and Followers
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A Weber-style charismatic leader need not be a positive force; both
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Charismatic authority almost always endangers the boundaries set by
181:, charismatic authority depends much more strongly on the perceived
1661:
The 'Objectivity' of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy
851:
262:
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By Jens Beckert, Milan Zafirovski, Published by Routledge, 2006,
1432:
1414:
Waters, Tony and Dagmar Waters (2015) editors and translators.
778:
390:
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Turner, Beeghley, and Powers, 1995 cited in Kendal et al. 2000
194:
66:
1478:
807:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1468795X14536652
321:." An example of this search method is the search for a new
1374:
Kendall, Diana; Murray, Jane Lothian; Linden, Rick (2000),
505:, Oakes argues that charismatic leaders exhibit traits of
498:, and found them as a group quite ordinary. Following the
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refuted given that the proponents claim something akin to
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869:"Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture"
268:
In politics, charismatic rule is often found in various
58:(modern law, the sovereign state, bureaucracy) and (ii)
1553:
Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter
155:. Authority, by contrast, depends on the acceptance by
1147:
Kendall, Diana, Jane Lothian Murray, and Rick Linden.
245:
By routinization, the charismatic authority changes:
850:, 1947. Originally published in 1922 under the title
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Interpersonal & personal allegiance and devotion
829:
Adair-Toteff, Christopher, "Max Weber's Charisma",
1870:
1841:
1717:
1684:
1652:
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204:In contrast to the current popular use of the term
1668:The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism
1585:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
1306:New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction
1151:(2nd ed.), 200. Scarborough, On: Nelson, 438–439.
908:"The dangers of poor construct conceptualization"
1189:International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology
958:"Charisma: An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift"
1889:Archiv fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik
571:Extraordinary qualities and exceptional powers
545:Functional superiors or bureaucratic officials
433:"The concept of charisma may be transmitted by
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167:
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818:Power, Domination, Legitimation, and Authority
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574:Acquired or inherited (hereditary) qualities
8:
1886:
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1446:edited by William H. Swatos (February 1998)
349:of the selection process. In ancient times,
213:
1569:Condition of Farm Labour in Eastern Germany
912:Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
867:BASS, BERNARD M.; AVOLIO, BRUCE J. (1993).
844:Theory of Social and Economic Organization.
1675:The Rejection and the Meaning of the World
1593:The Economic Ethics of the World Religions
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138:Weber interchanges authority and dominance
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62:(patriarchy, patrimonialism, feudalism).
1797:Three-component theory of stratification
1474:Article: "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant"
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409:'s charisma being passed on to his son,
794:
732:
1802:Tripartite classification of authority
975:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305
709:Tripartite classification of authority
558:Established tradition or routine
189:context might require an unchallenged
48:tripartite classification of authority
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7:
1444:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
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820:Sociology 250 Retrieved October 2006
642:Established forms of social conduct
265:, a clear example of routinization.
193:that the leader has been touched by
757:qualify. Furthermore, sociology is
587:Victories and success to community
128:if effective, therefore charismatic
906:MacKenzie, Scott B. (2003-06-01).
715:The Three Types of Legitimate Rule
619:Emotionally unstable and volatile
25:
1418:. New York: Palsgrave Macmillan.
639:Rulers and followers (disciples)
606:Based on traditional allegiances
590:Established tradition or routine
253:A religion which evolves its own
658:
1896:German Sociological Association
1429:Let's face it: Charisma matters
1376:Sociology in our time (2nd ed.)
873:Public Administration Quarterly
833:, Vol. 5, No. 2, 189–204 (2005)
449:Application of Weber's theories
151:exerted by the use of force or
42:of the leader derives from the
34:is a concept of organizational
831:Journal of Classical Sociology
803:Journal of Classical Sociology
561:Legally established authority
361:Designation by original leader
309:charisma in their leadership.
27:Concept developed by Max Weber
1:
555:Having a dynamic personality
377:Designated by qualified staff
164:often not by their own doing.
1750:Methodological individualism
1340:(London, April 19–22, 2001).
1062:10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101423
1015:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101541
704:Power (social and political)
67:
924:10.1177/0092070303031003011
853:Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
627:Merton's theory of deviance
464:discusses the tendency for
30:In the field of sociology,
1948:
622:Feeling of common purpose
18:Routinization of authority
1516:
490:psychologist who wrote a
71:became known through the
1880:Verein fĂĽr Socialpolitik
1735:Inner-worldly asceticism
1707:General Economic History
1442:by Thomas Robbin in the
1407:Szelényi, Iván (2009d),
1399:Szelényi, Iván (2009c),
1391:Szelényi, Iván (2009b),
1383:Szelényi, Iván (2009a),
1050:The Leadership Quarterly
1003:The Leadership Quarterly
773:or of that displayed by
448:
146:terms as indicating the
79:denoted and described a
56:rational-legal authority
1901:German Democratic Party
1214:April 26, 2005, at the
466:new religious movements
457:New religious movements
112:Weber applies the term
65:The Ancient Greek word
1887:
1878:
1829:
1700:Politics as a Vocation
1308:(1990), Bernan Press,
1109:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4219
625:Abiding by rules (see
551:Position determined by
292:Charismatic succession
251:
214:
171:
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142:as been considered in
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97:charismatic leadership
93:charismatic domination
46:of the leader. In the
1760:Protestant work ethic
1693:Science as a Vocation
1626:Sociology of Religion
1608:The Religion of India
1600:The Religion of China
1378:, Scarborough: Nelson
1325:Chryssides, George D.
1209:WEBER LINKS page http
1149:Sociology in our time
542:Dominant personality
439:Priestly consecration
140:
60:traditional authority
32:charismatic authority
1906:Max Weber Foundation
1755:Monopoly on violence
763:Wertfreie Soziologie
674:Authentic leadership
473:George D. Chryssides
270:authoritarian states
222:Routinizing charisma
197:, in the sense of a
1642:Economy and Society
842:Weber, Maximillan.
727:Informational notes
609:To authority/rules
539:Charismatic leader
496:adjective checklist
401:Hereditary charisma
162:cult of personality
1577:The Stock Exchange
1462:2006-03-06 at the
1097:Management Science
857:(available online)
645:Rules, not rulers
415:traditionalization
341:"In this case the
206:charismatic leader
50:, the sociologist
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855:chapter III, § 10
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631:
630:
623:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
583:Legitimized by
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
531:
530:
527:
524:
521:
515:
512:
480:
477:
458:
455:
450:
447:
430:
427:
402:
399:
395:Roman Catholic
383:papal conclave
378:
375:
371:Vladimir Lenin
369:'s claim that
362:
359:
347:modus operandi
338:
335:
314:
311:
293:
290:
230:(coercive) or
223:
220:
135:
132:
109:
106:
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:Max Weber Sr.
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1824:Value-freedom
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:Social action
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1168:on 2006-03-06
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:(6): 101423.
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:(5): 101541.
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
981:
976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
950:
946:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
863:
860:
856:
854:
849:
845:
839:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
791:
790:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:axiologically
756:
752:
746:
743:
736:
733:
729:
728:
721:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:FĂĽhrerprinzip
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
661:
656:
651:
644:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
536:
535:Type of ruler
533:
532:
528:
525:
522:
520:
519:
513:
511:
508:
504:
501:
500:psychoanalyst
497:
493:
489:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
467:
463:
462:Eileen Barker
456:
454:
446:
444:
440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
368:
367:Joseph Stalin
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
327:reincarnation
324:
320:
312:
310:
306:
304:
299:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:dictatorships
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
250:
246:
243:
241:
240:routinization
237:
236:revolutionary
233:
229:
221:
219:
216:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
170:
165:
163:
158:
154:
149:
145:
139:
133:
131:
129:
122:
117:
115:
107:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1855:Alfred Weber
1806:
1785:Instrumental
1745:Life chances
1705:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1521:Bibliography
1443:
1438:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1375:
1368:Bibliography
1367:
1366:
1350:
1349:Oakes, Len:
1345:
1327:
1320:
1305:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1239:
1222:
1204:
1188:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1156:
1148:
1143:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1006:
1002:
992:
965:
961:
915:
911:
901:
876:
872:
862:
852:
843:
838:
830:
825:
813:
802:
797:
788:
787:
762:
755:Adolf Hitler
745:
735:
726:
725:
713:
634:
614:
598:
582:
566:
550:
534:
526:Traditional
523:Charismatic
495:
492:dissertation
482:
471:
460:
452:
432:
419:legalization
404:
380:
364:
346:
340:
316:
307:
296:Because the
295:
267:
252:
248:
244:
239:
225:
205:
203:
179:organization
172:
168:
157:subordinates
144:sociological
141:
137:
127:
124:
119:
113:
111:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
64:
38:wherein the
31:
29:
1817:Traditional
1807:Charismatic
1780:Traditional
1775:Affectional
1469:Weber links
1118:2434/892725
775:Kurt Eisner
567:Ruled using
503:Heinz Kohut
411:Kim Jong Il
407:Kim Il Sung
282:theocracies
274:autocracies
228:traditional
1921:Categories
1730:Ideal type
1531:Liberalism
1452:0761989560
1359:0815603983
1314:0113409273
1232:0748615229
1172:2005-05-01
722:References
635:Leadership
507:narcissism
488:Australian
479:Narcissism
355:legitimate
343:legitimacy
337:Revelation
323:Dalai Lama
303:leadership
255:priesthood
183:legitimacy
148:legitimate
36:leadership
1932:Authority
1927:Max Weber
1857:(brother)
1831:Verstehen
1740:Iron cage
1510:Max Weber
1302:Barker, E
1135:245547078
1127:0025-1909
1078:219745203
1070:1048-9843
1031:237810120
1023:1048-9843
984:2327-0608
932:1552-7824
885:0734-9149
789:Citations
767:Berserker
761:neutral (
684:Demagogue
484:Len Oakes
423:authority
387:cardinals
319:authority
298:authority
187:religious
134:Authority
52:Max Weber
40:authority
1851:(father)
1718:Concepts
1702:" (1919)
1695:" (1917)
1685:Lectures
1677:" (1916)
1670:" (1904)
1663:" (1904)
1634:The City
1460:Archived
1439:Charisma
1353:, 1997,
1212:Archived
893:40862298
679:Caudillo
652:See also
615:Cohesion
259:Muhammad
232:rational
215:Anhänger
210:charisma
153:violence
114:charisma
108:Charisma
91:include
89:charisma
85:charisma
77:charisma
68:charisma
1871:Related
1199:, p. 53
940:5930358
769:, of a
699:Monarch
599:Loyalty
443:priests
351:oracles
329:of the
199:prophet
1863:(wife)
1842:People
1710:(1923)
1653:Essays
1645:(1922)
1637:(1921)
1629:(1920)
1619:(1921)
1611:(1916)
1603:(1915)
1588:(1905)
1580:(1896)
1572:(1892)
1564:(1891)
1556:(1889)
1450:
1357:
1338:CESNUR
1334:INFORM
1312:
1230:
1195:
1133:
1125:
1076:
1068:
1029:
1021:
982:
938:
930:
891:
883:
779:heroes
771:shaman
435:ritual
331:Buddha
313:Search
191:belief
175:leader
1545:Books
1431:from
1234:p. 40
1131:S2CID
1074:S2CID
1027:S2CID
936:S2CID
889:JSTOR
486:, an
263:Islam
1448:ISBN
1433:TEDx
1355:ISBN
1336:and
1310:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1123:ISSN
1066:ISSN
1019:ISSN
980:ISSN
928:ISSN
881:ISSN
753:and
417:and
391:pope
280:and
95:and
81:gift
1113:hdl
1105:doi
1058:doi
1011:doi
970:doi
920:doi
421:in
385:of
195:God
116:to
1923::
1304:.
1248:^
1181:^
1129:.
1121:.
1111:.
1101:68
1099:.
1095:.
1072:.
1064:.
1054:31
1052:.
1048:.
1025:.
1017:.
1007:33
1005:.
1001:.
978:.
964:.
960:.
948:^
934:.
926:.
916:31
914:.
910:.
887:.
877:17
875:.
871:.
629:)
425:.
276:,
272:,
242:.
99:.
1698:"
1691:"
1673:"
1666:"
1659:"
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1292:.
1280:.
1268:.
1175:.
1137:.
1115::
1107::
1080:.
1060::
1033:.
1013::
986:.
972::
966:3
942:.
922::
895:.
20:)
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