Knowledge (XXG)

Royal Hospital Haslar

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458: 342: 708: 524:. Under the supervision of Dr James Anderson (who was at Haslar from 1842 until his death in 1853) Haslar Asylum became known for its pioneering humane approach in treating mental illness: he abolished chains and restraints, removed the iron bars from the windows and reformed the practices of the attendants. Under him, patients were given use of the hospital grounds; they partook of music and dancing, and were also regularly taken on boating trips in Portsmouth Harbour. To give them a view of the Solent, which lay beyond the high walls of the airing ground adjacent to the Asylum, Anderson created two grass-covered mounds topped by summer houses (one of which still survives). In 1863 the Naval Asylum was removed from Haslar to the Royal Naval Hospital in 535:, which the Admiralty continued to add to over the years. The Librarian was also required to offer a course of lectures twice a year. Dr James Scott was the first 'Librarian, Lecturer and Curator of the Museum'; appointed in 1827, he continued in this role alongside his work at the Asylum. Sir John Richardson succeeded him in 1838; under his curation the museum was regarded as a scientific institution of national importance, but following his resignation in 1855 much of the collection was dispersed (with several items going to Kew Gardens and the British Museum). The museum was gradually restocked, but later destroyed by bombing in the Second World War. (The Library, however, survived; it has since been amalgamated into the collections of the 761: 304: 588: 376: 543: 848: 54: 804: 655:). A laboratory was set up for their use in the ground floor of one of the ward blocks, which was used until 1899 when a purpose-built laboratory block was constructed (this is the only building on the site which is not on the same axis as the main hospital blocks; its south-facing windows were designed to provide the best light for microscopy work). By this time the new recruits were receiving instruction over a four-month course in 'hygiene, the diseases of foreign stations, bacteriology and naval surgery'. 664: 70: 420: 77: 435:
quadrangle, the Governor (the officer in charge) being housed in the large residence in the centre of the terrace. At the same time 12 ft (3.7 m) high railings were installed across the fourth (open) side of the quadrangle to prevent desertions, and the ground floor windows of the wards were barred.
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Each wing consisted of a double row of buildings, with wards on three storeys and within the attic spaces (except that the ground floor of the inner buildings formed an arcaded walkway, opening on to the centre ground). The tall centrepiece of the main front, which was aligned with the main entrance,
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In 1901 two new blocks were opened which provided staff accommodation (freeing up space within the main building): the Surgeons' Quarters (also called the Medical Officers' Mess) provided bedrooms, a dining room and social facilities for the junior medical officers; while the nearby Nursing Sisters'
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had lobbied for the establishment of dedicated naval hospitals as early as 1702, but although a number were established overseas no moves were made to build one in Britain. In a twelve-month period in 1739-40, however, nearly 17,000 sick and wounded seamen came ashore in Portsmouth and Plymouth as a
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until 1855, when a steam engine was installed. Four years later a second well was sunk, to a depth of 340 feet (100 m). As well as driving the pumps for the wells, the engine provided water, steam and motive power for a new hospital laundry, which was built within the hospital grounds directly
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At the start of the 18th century there was little provision for the medical care of naval personnel beyond the presence of surgeons on naval ships. If necessary, on-shore premises could be hired to serve as temporary 'sick quarters', beds might be reserved for naval use in the main London hospitals
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In 1854 the use of female nurses in the naval hospitals ceased; for the next thirty years their place was taken by men (most of whom were pensioners, discharged from active service). A new system was however instituted across the Royal Navy in 1884, with the pensioners being replaced by Sick Berth
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In the 18th and early 19th century deceased patients were buried (usually in unmarked graves) over a wide area at the south-west end of the site (later known as the Paddock). In 1826 part of it (to the north-west of the Terrace) was enclosed behind walls and consecrated as a burial ground. Burials
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In the mid-18th century the hospital was administered by a 'Physician and Council': the Physician was the hospital's Senior Medical Officer; the Council consisted of two master Surgeons, the Steward and the Agent (who was responsible to the Sick and Hurt Board for assessment of new arrivals, among
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Patients usually arrived by boat, at a jetty directly opposite the main gate (it was not until 1795 that a bridge was built over Haslar Creek, providing a direct link to Gosport; up to this date the hospital employed a ferryman). Built on a peninsula, the hospital's guard towers, high brick walls,
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A series of new extensions were begun in 1976, built over what had once been the 'airing ground' of the Asylum: the Galley, General Stores, Junior Rates Mess, Senior Rates Mess and West Wing. In 1984 a new building lying between the two wings of the original hospital was opened; housing operating
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In 1840 the title of Physician was abolished in the Royal Navy. That same year, the title of the senior officer of the hospital changed (having already changed from 'Governor' to 'Resident Commissioner' in 1820): it now became 'Captain-superintendent'. By the early 1850s the staff consisted of:
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In 1794, in order to improve discipline within the hospital, its management was taken out of the hands of the clinicians and vested in serving naval officers. They were housed in a grand terrace of nine new residences, built at the south-west end of the site (beyond the chapel), facing the main
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Even then the hospital remained incomplete: the planned fourth side of the quadrangle was never built. Instead a detached chapel, dedicated to St Luke, was constructed at what would have been its centre-point; (within its pediment an original hour-striking clock by Colley of London, dated 1762,
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Around the hospital were some 33 acres (13 ha) of 'airing grounds' (where patients could walk and take the air); the site as a whole, of around 46 acres (19 ha), was enclosed within high brick walls. Building works cost more than £100,000, nearly double the cost of the Admiralty
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Plans were released in 2014 for a £152 million redevelopment scheme involving housing, commercial space, a retirement home and a hotel. The hospital was converted into retirement flats to the designs of Graham Reid Architects and Heber-Percy and Parker Architects between 2018 and 2020.
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at a nearby civilian hospital. In 2007 the military withdrew; Haslar then continued to function for a short time under civilian management, before closing entirely in 2009. In 2018, the historic buildings began to be converted into retirement flats, and in 2020 the site reopened as
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A significant number of Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian former hospital buildings are being preserved on the site; they are currently (2024) in the process of being converted to a variety of residential, business, retail and leisure uses. The 18th-century quadrangle blocks are
431:(1716–1794), the 'Father of Naval Medicine', served as leading physician at Haslar from 1758 till 1785. In that time he played a major part in discovering a cure for scurvy, not least through his pioneering use of a double blind methodology with Vitamin C supplements (limes). 358:, while an archway below led to the courtyard beyond. The side wings were of a plainer design, with low pavilions at the centre on each side (which were used as store rooms in the early years). The corner blocks initially contained apartments for the officers of the hospital. 688:
A separate block was opened in May 1904 for the treatment of sick officers; previously they had been treated in their own designated rooms within the main hospital building. (It was later put to other uses, and latterly functioned as the hospital's administration block.)
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The hospital had been designed to accommodate 1,500 patients, but as early as 1755 it was reconfigured to make room for up to 1,800. By 1790 overcrowding had become a serious problem, there now being 2,100 patients in the main building, and others accommodated on board
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Foundations were laid in 1746 and the main front building was completed in 1753. The first hundred patients were admitted on 23 October that year, but the hospital was still unfinished; construction continued until 1762, when the two parallel side wings were finished.
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hospital was built in the south corner of the site, where patients with infectious diseases could be isolated. Consisting of four ward blocks connected by a covered way, with a separate administration block in the middle, it was enclosed within its own boundary wall.
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In 1805 the medical staff of the naval hospitals became somewhat more integrated into Royal Navy as a whole: they were given a uniform and relative rank, and clearer conditions of appointment. Notable physicians associated with Haslar in the 19th century included Sir
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Robert Dods, who was Surgeon at Haslar in the 1790s, set up a separate operating room in the Royal Hospital Haslar (which was the first in any naval hospital). Prior to this innovation, surgery had been performed on the wards in front of the other patients.
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In 1870 the placing of naval officers in charge of hospitals was discontinued. In place of the Captain-superintendent and Lieutenants, the senior medical officer of the hospital (who was now called the Inspector General) regained administrative oversight.
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was installed in the engine house; as well as generating electricity for the pumps and the laundry, they provided power for electric lighting, which was installed throughout the hospital (replacing the gas lamps previously employed).
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up until 1996. A separate hall for the labourers was opened a few years later, containing a dormitory and kitchen facilities; and in 1917 the Canada Block was opened, which provided mess facilities for the Sick Berth Staff.
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moved in to the hospital at Haslar, and were accommodated in their own dedicated wards. Out-pensioners could also apply for entry. A handful of ex-Greenwich pensioners were still living there in the early 20th century.
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Royal Hospital Haslar in 1799 (viewed from the north). The new bridge and guard house can be seen on the left and the new officers' terrace on the right, with the main hospital buildings in the centre.
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and deployed clinicians to field hospitals in Europe and in the Far East. It was also a key medical supplies centre for the fleet and for the various shore stations and auxiliary hospitals of
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From 1881, newly-admitted naval surgeons began to be sent routinely to Haslar for a course of initial instruction (previously they had been sent to the Army's hospital at
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was at the time the only such institution for naval personnel in the UK (apart from some provision at Greenwich Hospital); previously, affected personnel had been sent to
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To provide fresh water for the hospital a 146 ft (45 m) well had been sunk in the 18th century (on what later became the site of an adjacent naval facility:
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hospital) for over 250 years. Built in the 1740s, it was reputedly the largest hospital in the world when it opened, and the largest brick-built building in Europe.
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By the end of the century the senior staff at Haslar are listed as a Governor and three Lieutenants, three Physicians, three Surgeons, the Agent, the Steward, a
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other duties). Accommodation was provided for the senior medical staff in two pairs of semi-detached houses, standing to either side of the main front.
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called the Wardmaster. Working alongside the Sick Berth Staff, and supervising them in their duties, were a new female corps of trained and experienced
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of that year, the government announced its intention to close Royal Hospital Haslar, which was by that time the UK's last remaining military hospital.
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In 1818 the southernmost block of the main hospital was set aside for the treatment of officers and seamen with psychiatric disorders. Haslar Naval
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The Lancet London: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Physiology, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Public Health And News
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All remaining medical facilities at the site were closed in 2009. After services were transferred to the Ministry of Defence Hospital Unit at
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to build hospitals to meet the pressing need. Eventually the Admiralty concurred that they would indeed be a good investment; and in 1744 an
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An early design for the hospital envisaged four double ranges: 'the four Centers are intended for a Council Chamber, Chapel and two Halls'.
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Hospital Haslar (a designation which had already been used interchangeably at times in the 19th century) to reflect its naval traditions.
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In the 1820s a library was established at Haslar and a museum of specimens from around the world, both created at the instigation of Sir
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institution). The hospital's remit duly became tri-service in 1996 (whereupon it reverted to being called the Royal Hospital Haslar). A
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Although it was a naval hospital, Haslar also treated large numbers of wounded soldiers, particularly between 1803 and 1815 (during the
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The hospital treated foreign nationals as well as British service personnel. There are records of Portuguese sailors suffering from
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opposite the engine house (and connected to it via a tunnel under Haslar Road). The water pumped from the wells was stored in a
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The Hospital Church of St Luke (1762): a monthly service continues to take place in the chapel courtesy of the local parish of
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The Admiralty selected and acquired the site for the Portsmouth hospital in 1745: Haslar Farm (whose name came from
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in the 1850s. During such times Army medical personnel were drafted in to work alongside their naval counterparts.
388: 53: 1465: 803: 704:; it served as an assessment unit from which patients, following diagnosis, would be sent to RNH Great Yarmouth. 1837: 1699: 1587:"Medical Collecting on the Frontiers of Natural History: The Rise and Fall of Haslar Hospital Museum (1827-1855)" 2010: 1195: 860: 816: 792:, it was announced that two more hospitals would close, leaving only Haslar (which would be reconstituted as a 1721:
Jones, E.; Greenberg, N. (May 2006). "Royal Naval Psychiatry: Organization, Methods and Outcomes, 1900-1945".
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in partnership; but in March 2007 the MOD withdrew its involvement. To mark the handover of control to the
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Aerial photo of the hospital before demolition of the Crosslink building and other post-war additions.
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and bars and railings throughout the site were all designed to stop patients, many of whom had been
836: 797: 640: 621: 616:). They followed a course of training while at Haslar, and on passing an examination were rated as 487: 551:
therein ceased in 1859 when a new naval cemetery was opened a quarter of a mile away at Clayhall.
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was issued for the establishment of Naval Hospitals close to Portsmouth, Plymouth and Chatham.
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the military medical staff "marched out" of the hospital, exercising the unit's rights of the
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were given naval rank; until the 1970s the Medical Officer in Charge of the hospital was a
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In 1998 the closure of the hospital was announced, conditional on the establishment of an
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Mess (which was later renamed Eliza MacKenzie House) provided similarly for the staff of
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On 17 May 2010 an investigation of the hospital's burial ground, by archaeologists from
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Support for the Fleet: Architecture and Engineering of the Royal Navy's Bases 1700-1914
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The oldest section of the hospital includes the pediment frieze by Thomas Pierce, with
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A new psychiatric unit was built in 1908-10, consisting of two twelve-bed wards and a
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headquarters in London. In its early years it was known as the Royal Hospital Haslar.
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Gosport-born former Gurkha officer Mike Trueman "protesting" on the summit of
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theatres and various patient support services, it was known as the Crosslink.
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In 2001 Royal Hospital Haslar began to be run by the Ministry of Defence and
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The hospital as laid out in the 18th century (front elevation and plan, from
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Sentry post (with Medical Officers' Mess and Nursing Sisters' Mess behind).
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The water tower (1885-89): one of several listed buildings on the site.
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Time Team Special 38 (2010) - Nelsons Hospital (Gosport, Hampshire)
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A portrait of James Lind, with Haslar Hospital in the background.
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Staff (most of whom initially were boys recruited directly from
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served as captain-superintendent for a time in the 1840s-50s.
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being treated in the hospital in the 1790s, as well as French
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Notes on Lunatic Asylums in Germany and other parts of Europe
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Historical Notes on Haslar and the Naval Medical Profession
1071:"Chapel of St Luke, Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar (1233560)" 1262:"The Royal Hospital Haslar: from Lind to the 21st century" 2099:"First show homes ready to view at historic Royal Haslar" 1838:"The Strategic Defence Review: Defence Medical Services" 1507:. British Commission for Maritime History Seminar Series 1407:"Haslar Terrace, Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar (1233482)" 1634:"Laundry to the Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar (1424209)" 1545:. London: UK Parliament. 31 March 1861. pp. 11–13. 2057:. Department for International Trade. 12 February 2015 1574:. London: UK Parliament. 14 June 1864. pp. 52–53. 1430:. Swindon, Wilts.: English Heritage. pp. 358–362. 1967:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 September 2014 1658:"Water Tower, Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar (1276601)" 986:"History: Grand in conception, magnificent in design" 1864:"Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Past, Present and Future" 1618:. London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker. p. 266. 946:. Aldershot, Hants.: Scolar Press. pp. 295–297. 800:unit was established at the hospital at that time. 753:
In 1954 Royal Hospital Haslar was renamed the Royal
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Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. 1746: 1744: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 245:: a 'luxury waterfront residential village'. 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1031: 738:the hospital established the country's first 674:Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service 630:Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service 571:The Agent & Steward (now a combined role) 76: 8: 1459: 1457: 1088: 1086: 784:in the UK from seven to three (one for each 780:, a decision was taken to cut the number of 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 2184:Buildings and structures completed in 1753 1868:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service 1832: 1830: 1828: 1772:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 937: 935: 933: 919:(a contemporary establishment in Plymouth) 620:. The Sick Berth Staff were overseen by a 577:One Assisting and eight Assistant Surgeons 276:Commission for Sick, Wounded and Prisoners 34: 1201:. The Georgian Group Journal. p. 12. 221:, Hampshire, which was also known as the 2224:Military hospitals in the United Kingdom 2033:"Nelson's Hospital: A Time Team Special" 1167: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 456: 383:of navigation and commerce flanking the 929: 354:was topped with a sculpted pediment in 27:Military hospital in Hampshire, England 1098:"The Royal Hospital, Haslar (1001558)" 719:The hospital was kept busy during the 285:Commissioners for Sick and Hurt Seamen 1560:. London: John Churchill. p. 66. 955: 953: 7: 1908:Henbest, Marian (30 November 2006). 1594:Royal Holloway, University of London 1499:Bowden-Dan, Jane (2 December 2013). 1290:MacQueen Buchanan, Emmakate (2005). 104:, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom 574:A 'Surgeon and Medical Storekeeper' 1663:National Heritage List for England 1639:National Heritage List for England 1412:National Heritage List for England 1388:National Heritage List for England 1364:National Heritage List for England 1103:National Heritage List for England 1076:National Heritage List for England 1052:National Heritage List for England 961:"Welcome to Haslar Heritage Group" 788:). The following year, as part of 313:The Principal Lazarettos of Europe 25: 2239:2009 disestablishments in England 1910:"Continuing fight to save Haslar" 1766:Brown, Kevin (21 December 2019). 1531:. Vol. 2. 1830. p. 831. 2209:Hospitals disestablished in 2009 1296:International Journal of Surgery 917:Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse 330:). The building was designed by 75: 68: 52: 1935:"Haslar Hospital closure march" 1470:. Portsmouth: Griffin & Co. 772:In 1993, following on from the 639:closed in 1869, several of the 614:Greenwich Royal Hospital School 522:Edinburgh Phrenological Society 225:, was one of Britain's leading 2234:1753 establishments in England 1986:Fishwick, Ben (16 July 2014). 1961:"A history of Haslar hospital" 1735:10.1080/00253359.2006.10656993 829:Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust 742:, treated casualties from the 47:Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust 1: 2219:Military history of Hampshire 2189:Defunct hospitals in England 2101:. Get Surrey. 28 August 2020 2009:Fillask (9 September 2012), 1467:A History of Haslar Hospital 944:The Royal Dockyards1690-1850 907:List of hospitals in England 876:Cranfield Forensic Institute 680:Between 1899 and 1902 a new 568:One Deputy Medical Inspector 350:continues to do service). 229:(and latterly a tri-service 599:). The water was raised by 546:The hospital burial ground. 537:Institute of Naval Medicine 223:Royal Naval Hospital Haslar 18:Royal Naval Hospital Haslar 2255: 2229:Royal Navy Medical Service 1751:Coulter, J. L. S. (1954). 1426:Coad, Jonathan G. (2013). 1308:10.1016/j.ijsu.2005.03.018 942:Coad, Jonathan G. (1989). 725:Royal Navy Medical Service 723:. In 1918 officers of the 559:The Captain Superintendent 2143:Rodger, N. A. M. (1986). 1129:"The Buildings of Haslar" 776:review at the end of the 327: 63: 51: 42: 2079:. Graham Reid Architects 882:'s television programme 861:Queen Alexandra Hospital 817:Strategic Defence Review 450:(who were being held on 412:in Portsmouth Harbour. 1812:Gosport Borough Council 1556:Cumming, W. F. (1852). 1505:Global Maritime History 1481:Sichel, Gerald (1903). 1236:. London: Ash & Co. 1227:Sichel, Gerald (1903). 1173:"Royal Hospital Haslar" 833:National Health Service 2214:Hospitals in Hampshire 2077:"Royal Haslar Gosport" 1702:. Hansard. 4 July 1899 1614:Allen, Joseph (1852). 1464:Tait, William (1906). 1266:The James Lind Library 856: 812: 765: 716: 668: 592: 547: 492:William Balfour Baikie 462: 424: 392: 346: 316: 158:Naval / Military / NHS 2169:Haslar Heritage Group 1784:10.1136/jrnms-105-215 1133:Haslar Heritage Group 965:Haslar Heritage Group 850: 806: 763: 710: 666: 618:Sick Berth Attendants 590: 545: 460: 422: 378: 344: 306: 287:again petitioned the 227:Royal Naval Hospitals 215:Royal Hospital Haslar 58:Royal Hospital Haslar 38:Royal Hospital Haslar 2199:History of Hampshire 2124:Brown, Paul (2016). 1723:The Mariner's Mirror 912:Royal Naval Hospital 729:Surgeon Rear-Admiral 402:absent without leave 206:Hospitals in England 2126:Maritime Portsmouth 1880:10.1136/jrnms-98-30 1335:Rodger 1986, p. 110 1194:Borg, Alan (2003). 798:hyperbaric medicine 622:Chief Petty Officer 597:Haslar Gunboat Yard 488:Thomas Henry Huxley 381:allegorical figures 281:War of Jenkins' Ear 128: /  45:Ministry of Defence 32:Hospital in England 1862:Glover, M (2012). 878:, was featured on 857: 813: 782:military hospitals 774:Options for Change 766: 748:Portsmouth Command 717: 669: 637:Greenwich Hospital 593: 548: 463: 425: 393: 347: 317: 84:Shown in Hampshire 1990:. Portsmouth News 1700:"Haslar Hospital" 1616:The New Navy List 1585:Simpson, Daniel. 744:Normandy landings 692:In 1905 a set of 505:) and during the 332:Theodore Jacobsen 238:MOD Hospital Unit 211: 210: 16:(Redirected from 2246: 2158: 2139: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1834: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1809: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1739: 1738: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1684:. 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Index

Royal Naval Hospital Haslar

Royal Hospital Haslar is located in Hampshire
Gosport
Coordinates
50°47′10″N 1°07′26″W / 50.786°N 1.124°W / 50.786; -1.124
Care system
Hospitals in England
Gosport
Royal Naval Hospitals
MOD
MOD Hospital Unit
Grade II* listed
Grade II
Commission for Sick, Wounded and Prisoners
War of Jenkins' Ear
Commissioners for Sick and Hurt Seamen
Admiralty
Order in Council

John Howard
Anglo-Saxon
Theodore Jacobsen

Portland stone

allegorical figures
royal arms
George II
press ganged

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