165:, a prominent hill at the north end of the village's main street. The position, with its associated earthworks, is still there. In the 1849 census, one-third of Auckland's population were fencibles. About half were Anglican and half Catholic. Apart from working on their own plots, most men were engaged in building roads between the fencible settlements. The material used for road building was scoria from volcanic cones at
208:
trained its guns on the Maori war party from offshore. The cause of the aggression was the arrest of a Ngāti Pāoa chief who had stolen a shift from a shop in
Shortland Street. The situation was defused when the attackers were given tobacco and blankets. Later Ngāti Pāoa sent a greenstone mere (club)
92:) was paid £300; each officer was given a house and 50 acres (20 ha) of land. The pensioners were to be provided with a prefabricated fencibles cottage of two rooms, on an acre of land. One of the few remaining cottages, albeit in an altered form, is on its original site at 34 Abercrombie St,
80:
The conditions for enlistment in the New
Zealand Fencible were that soldiers of good character must have had 15 years of military service and have been under 48 years of age. Nearly all those recruited had extensive military action in India and Afghanistan. Most were married with several children.
85:. Many were Irishmen who had served in the British army but for whom life in Ireland was desperate due to the series of potato famines that regularly occurred throughout the 1840s. For married Irish soldiers the food, pay, offer of land and a cottage in New Zealand was a chance for a new life.
200:
was called out to the hill overlooking the bay. It was reinforced by fencibles who had come from
Onehunga, the closest fencible town. Fencibles at Howick and Panmure were stood to in case of further trouble. The frigate
76:
which could be posted anywhere, fencible regiments were raised for local defence and garrison duties and usually under their conditions for enlistment the men of a fencible corps could not be posted to other theatres.
581:
An old highland fencible corps : the history of the Reay
Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794-1802, with an account of its services in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798
612:
607:
102:
in
November 1847. After seven years, the cottage and land would become their own property in exchange for the pensioner attending military exercises twelve days a year.
44:
approved the creation of the Corps. Auckland, which had a population of 2,800 at the time, virtually doubled in size when the fencibles and their families disembarked.
273:
544:
82:
96:. This cottage was built with the help of Maori labour for Henry and Elizabeth Rowe and their surviving three children in 1848, after they arrived on the
514:
Howick
Stockade remediation works: archaeological monitoring (HPA authority 2011/512): report to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and Auckland Council
602:
89:
105:
Ten ships brought 721 pensioner soldiers and their families, totalling over 2,500 people, between the years 1847 and 1852. The ships were the
40:, had requested military forces for the defence of the early settlers in New Zealand, and instead of supplying regular military forces the
61:
41:
33:
489:
97:
166:
69:
554:
278:
221:
256:
585:
549:
197:
162:
72:), and the 1790s and onwards (for the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars). Unlike regular British
499:
249:
241:
158:
146:
93:
65:
88:
The pay was 6 pence to 1 shilling and 3 pence a day in addition to their pension. The
Commandant (
259:
about 75 military pensioners and their sons served in the
Auckland Militia to defend Auckland.
485:
268:
233:
25:
181:
185:
579:
213:
512:
225:
202:
189:
170:
596:
217:
193:
73:
21:
245:
504:
The New
Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period
37:
506:, New Zealand Wars (1845–1872), vol. I: 1845–1864, Wellington: R. E. Owen
237:
229:
180:
They were first called to action in 1851 when a large party of about 350–450
174:
29:
150:
53:
526:
154:
232:
in 1849. They supplied their own arms but had
British officers. The
480:
Alexander, R.; Gibson, G.; La Roche, A.; Waiuku, Deed (1997),
464:
440:
428:
416:
404:
368:
356:
332:
196:
in about 20 waka to attack the city. A British regiment at
145:. The average age of the men was about 40. They settled in
613:
Organisations based in New Zealand with royal patronage
81:
The conditions were posted at regiments throughout the
20:
was formed in 1846, following the conclusion of the
484:, Auckland: The New Zealand Fencible Society Inc,
252:. He was under the control of a British officer.
228:to defend the capital. They were given land at
274:Pensioner Settlements (New Zealand electorate)
8:
608:Military units and formations of New Zealand
531:, New Zealand Fencible Society Incorporated
392:
236:was guarded by a second Maori force led by
64:raised during the 1750s and 1760s (for the
380:
244:who was given 110 acres (45 ha) at
452:
308:
289:
320:
344:
296:
7:
578:Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1914),
511:Cruickshank, Arden (20 June 2014),
161:. At Howick a redoubt was built on
14:
584:, Edinburgh: Blackwood, pp.
500:"The Royal New Zealand Fencibles"
169:(then called Pigeon Tree Hill),
18:Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps
603:Military history of New Zealand
545:"Auckland: Soldiers of fortune"
482:The Royal New Zealand Fencibles
1:
543:NZH staff (26 August 2010),
192:areas arrived at Auckland's
70:American War of Independence
431:, pp. 64, 71, 80, 110.
60:, and was used to describe
629:
279:Howick Historical Village
569:Offwood, Donald (2014),
528:Who Were The Fencibles?
257:Invasion of the Waikato
550:The New Zealand Herald
573:, Caxton, p. 173
498:Cowan, James (1955),
465:Alexander et al. 1997
441:Alexander et al. 1997
429:Alexander et al. 1997
417:Alexander et al. 1997
405:Alexander et al. 1997
369:Alexander et al. 1997
357:Alexander et al. 1997
333:Alexander et al. 1997
224:were also brought to
198:Albert Park Barracks
443:, pp. 108–109.
347:, pp. 450–451.
323:, pp. 353–364.
571:Soldier to Settler
557:on 24 October 2012
520:, CFG Heritage Ltd
371:, pp. 203–209
119:Sir George Seymour
99:Sir George Seymour
68:), 1770s (for the
56:" is derived from
42:British parliament
419:, pp. 38–40.
269:Theodore Haultain
250:Waitemata Harbour
209:to the governor.
620:
589:
574:
565:
564:
562:
553:, archived from
539:
538:
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521:
519:
507:
494:
468:
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456:
450:
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432:
426:
420:
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393:Cruickshank 2014
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384:
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354:
348:
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255:During the 1863
216:under the great
175:Mount Wellington
66:Seven Years' War
26:New Zealand Wars
628:
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395:, pp. 1–4.
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291:
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265:
248:, north of the
212:A group of 121
167:Pigeon Mountain
115:Sir Robert Sale
50:
12:
11:
5:
626:
624:
616:
615:
610:
605:
595:
594:
591:
590:
575:
566:
540:
525:NZDSI (2003),
522:
508:
495:
490:
475:
472:
470:
469:
457:
455:, p. 186.
445:
433:
421:
409:
407:, p. 111.
397:
385:
381:NZH staff 2010
373:
361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
311:, p. 173.
301:
288:
286:
283:
282:
281:
276:
271:
264:
261:
242:Eruera Patuone
226:South Auckland
190:Waiheke Island
171:Mount Richmond
143:Berwick Castle
135:Oriental Queen
83:United Kingdom
74:line regiments
49:
46:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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467:, p. 86.
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222:Te Wherowhero
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194:Mechanics Bay
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163:Stockade Hill
160:
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59:
55:
47:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
24:phase of the
23:
19:
580:
570:
559:, retrieved
555:the original
548:
533:, retrieved
527:
513:
503:
481:
460:
453:Offwood 2014
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
309:Offwood 2014
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292:
254:
246:Waiwharariki
214:Ngāti Mahuta
211:
204:
179:
142:
138:
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104:
98:
87:
79:
57:
51:
22:Northern War
17:
15:
535:25 December
359:, p. .
321:Scobie 1914
234:North Shore
90:Major Kenny
38:George Grey
597:Categories
561:5 February
491:0473047160
474:References
345:Cowan 1955
335:, p.
297:NZDSI 2003
182:Ngāti Pāoa
131:Berhampore
58:defensible
52:The term "
184:from the
139:Inchannan
107:Ramillies
62:regiments
30:Hone Heke
299:, about.
263:See also
151:Onehunga
54:fencible
34:Governor
28:against
238:Ngāpuhi
230:Māngere
218:Waikato
159:Panmure
155:Otahuhu
123:Clifton
111:Minerva
48:History
488:
240:chief
220:chief
186:Thames
173:, and
147:Howick
94:Howick
32:. The
518:(PDF)
285:Notes
588:–364
563:2011
537:2013
486:ISBN
203:HMS
188:and
157:and
141:and
16:The
586:353
205:Fly
127:Ann
599::
547:,
502:,
177:.
153:,
149:,
137:,
133:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
36:,
383:.
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