246:
402:. The office of deputy steward was instituted by the 1465 charter, being appointed by the high steward. The clerk of the peace and coroner were elected by the tenants and inhabitants of the liberty. In 1848 other officers of the corporation were a high bailiff, under bailiff, two head constables and nine petty constables.
345:, a resort house for hunting, was well established by the early 12th century. This suggests that the manor of Havering was in royal ownership prior to 1066, although the beginning of its association with royalty is unrecorded. Havering was recorded as part of the
381:
reconfirmed many existing rights. The event was celebrated by the issue of a copper token for currency in the late 18th century, which uniquely among the many coins of that era bears the date 1465. The charter gave residents of the area freedom from
441:
wards. Hornchurch Town ward was absorbed into North End and South End around 1722. Havering ward grew independent of
Romford in the 17th century and became a separate parish in the 1780s. In 1849 Romford became a parish in its own right.
365:. Because they were not normally resident in Havering, and did not appoint a representative to act in their place, the residents of Havering enjoyed unusual autonomy. In 1251 Havering had a population of nearly 2,000.
511:. The modern day London Borough of Havering, created in 1965, takes its name from the liberty and incorporates the original area and other territories formerly part of Chafford hundred, including
409:
The manor and liberty originally comprised the large ancient parish of
Hornchurch which was divided into eight wards. By the 16th century 'Romford side' comprising the five northern wards of
466:
the property of the liberty was merged with that of the county, and the offices of high and deputy steward were no longer filled. The separate court of quarter sessions, limited to three
450:
The manor was sold by the Crown on 23 September 1828 and the right to appoint the high steward and justices of the liberty was transferred to the private owners. During the 19th century
473:
One of the three justices was elected by the inhabitants of the manor. The last election took place on 3 July 1891 at the market court house. The candidates were Major Holmes of
883:
492:, was made on 9 May 1892, and came into effect on 1 July 1892. The last high bailiff was paid a pension of £3 for life, while the coroner became a county employee.
893:
486:
be made to unite the
Liberty of Havering-atte-Bower to the County of Essex, so far as the same is not already united by the Local Government Act, 1888."
398:
The government of the liberty was in the hands of a high steward, deputy steward, clerk of the peace and coroner. The high steward was chosen by the
322:
as "Haueringas" and means 'the settlement of the family or followers of a man called Hæfer', an ancient folk name. From the 13th century the suffix
888:
799:
188:
386:, its own local magistrates and gaol, and, earlier, freedom from the service of writs by the Essex Quarter Sessions. The famous
548:
459:
455:
454:
boards, such as unions for poor law or public health, started to erode the powers of the liberty. It was unreformed by the
898:
736:'Hornchurch: Economic history and local government', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 (1978), pp. 39–45. URL:
504:
245:
462:
made provision for the liberty to be absorbed into the county of Essex, but did not force the amalgamation. Under the
552:
903:
327:
276:
496:
463:
627:(now the A12) cut through the liberty further north. In 1831 the total population of the liberty was 6,812.
540:
434:
283:. The manor was in the possession of the Crown from the 11th to the 19th centuries and was the location of
508:
438:
171:
544:
467:
378:
608:
426:
346:
331:
292:
624:
620:
604:
576:
528:
489:
477:, Hornchurch, and Alfred William Harvey of Romford. Holmes won the election with 78 votes to 42.
374:
272:
153:
862:
850:
572:
399:
362:
100:
771:
824:
750:
749:'Romford: Introduction', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7 (1978), pp. 56–64. URL:
737:
649:
483:
592:
588:
563:
The liberty was partially bounded by rivers. To the south there was a short boundary with
516:
429:
had achieved some degree of self-government. The remaining 'Hornchurch side' consisted of
342:
284:
187:
512:
403:
387:
377:
was formed by charter for the manor of
Havering in 1465. The charter issued in 1465 by
288:
280:
178:
877:
354:
318:
568:
580:
474:
470:, continued to exist, and a high bailiff and coroner continued to be appointed.
418:
414:
268:
148:
867:
A Community
Transformed: The Manor and Liberty of Havering-atte-Bower 1500-1620
591:. To the north of the liberty was much higher ground and the boundary with the
430:
296:
96:
800:"London Overground: Six new rail line names and colours revealed in rebrand"
616:
600:
596:
584:
520:
422:
358:
775:, January 1892 (transcription at Essexpast.co.uk), accessed 26 March 2008
612:
383:
287:
from the 13th to the late 17th century. It occupied the same area as the
524:
410:
300:
555:
service of the London
Overground is being renamed the Liberty line.
564:
390:
was another privilege that was guaranteed under this arrangement.
350:
134:
507:
while the remaining parts of the liberty went on to form part of
855:
Autonomy and
Community: The Royal Manor of Havering, 1200-1500
482:"that a petition be presented to Her Majesty praying that an
291:
of
Hornchurch which was divided into the three chapelries of
579:
hundred of Essex and the parishes of (from north to south)
751:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42815
738:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42811
275:
whose area now forms part of, and gives its name to, the
480:
On 21 October 1891 the Essex quarter sessions resolved
644:
642:
640:
406:was used as the place of execution in the liberty.
221:
211:
204:
168:
160:
144:
127:
117:
107:
90:
83:
69:
62:
48:
38:
31:
23:
827:. A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5. 1966
652:. A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. 1978
326:was added and means 'at the royal residence'. The
539:Modern day references to the liberty include the
725:The Parliamentary Gazetteer of England and Wales
499:, the central part of the Romford parish, named
567:in the Lessness hundred of Kent, formed by the
619:. To the south the lower elevation formed the
8:
607:. The western boundary was with the reduced
595:hundred and the parishes of (west to east)
316:The name Havering is recorded in the 1086
20:
884:History of the London Borough of Havering
825:"The hundred of Becontree: Introduction"
700:
688:
357:of 1086. The manor was held directly by
676:Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names
669:
667:
636:
203:
184:
159:
143:
82:
61:
30:
250:Three parishes of the liberty in 1881
242:
220:
210:
199:
167:
126:
116:
106:
89:
68:
47:
37:
7:
788:, issue 26287, published 13 May 1892
650:"The liberty of Havering-atte-Bower"
217:Chapelries (later became parishes)
16:Royal manor and liberty in England
14:
894:1892 disestablishments in England
798:Cairns, Dan (15 February 2024).
488:The Order in Council, under the
244:
186:
625:London to Colchester Roman Road
549:Havering London Borough Council
460:Municipal Corporations Act 1883
456:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
889:1465 establishments in England
753:Date accessed: 28 August 2012.
551:is "Liberty". During 2024 the
129: • Succeeded by
1:
869:. Cambridge University Press.
857:. Cambridge University Press.
740:Date accessed: 28 August 2012
713:The People's History of Essex
361:, with the monarch acting as
334:continue to use these names.
330:and the small settlement of
575:formed a boundary with the
54:12,550 acres (50.8 km)
44:12,550 acres (50.8 km)
920:
615:, partially formed by the
611:hundred and the parish of
328:London Borough of Havering
277:London Borough of Havering
497:Local Government Act 1894
464:Local Government Act 1888
254:
243:
200:
196:
185:
164:Havering Quarter Sessions
140:
79:
58:
762:The Times, July 4, 1891
541:Liberty Shopping Centre
727:, Vol. II, 1848, p.288
509:Romford Rural District
505:Romford Urban District
119: • Abolished
545:Royal Liberty School
133:Reincorporated with
109: • Created
899:Liberties of London
495:In 1894, under the
332:Havering-atte-Bower
265:Havering-atte-Bower
233:Havering atte Bower
151:(11th century–1828)
92: • Origin
26:Havering-atte-Bower
863:McIntosh, Marjorie
851:McIntosh, Marjorie
715:, Chelmsford, 1861
674:Mills, D. (2000).
621:Hornchurch Marshes
605:Stapleford Abbotts
571:. To the east the
490:Liberties Act 1850
223: • Units
904:Hundreds of Essex
573:River Ingrebourne
553:Romford–Upminster
400:lord of the manor
363:lord of the manor
258:
257:
213: • Type
101:Becontree Hundred
71: • 1831
50: • 1892
40: • 1831
911:
870:
858:
837:
836:
834:
832:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
795:
789:
783:
777:
773:The Essex Review
769:
763:
760:
754:
747:
741:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
679:
671:
662:
661:
659:
657:
646:
484:Order in Council
369:Liberty charters
263:, also known as
248:
224:
214:
192:Seal of Havering
190:
174:
130:
120:
110:
93:
72:
51:
41:
21:
919:
918:
914:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
874:
873:
861:
849:
846:
841:
840:
830:
828:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
797:
796:
792:
784:
780:
770:
766:
761:
757:
748:
744:
735:
731:
723:
719:
711:
707:
699:
695:
687:
683:
673:
672:
665:
655:
653:
648:
647:
638:
633:
561:
547:. The motto of
537:
448:
431:Hornchurch Town
396:
371:
343:Havering Palace
340:
314:
309:
285:Havering Palace
249:
239:
222:
212:
191:
169:
152:
128:
118:
108:
91:
70:
49:
39:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
917:
915:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
876:
875:
872:
871:
859:
845:
842:
839:
838:
816:
790:
786:London Gazette
778:
764:
755:
742:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
663:
635:
634:
632:
629:
560:
557:
536:
533:
513:North Ockendon
447:
444:
404:Gallows Corner
395:
392:
388:Romford Market
379:King Edward IV
370:
367:
339:
336:
313:
310:
308:
305:
289:ancient parish
281:Greater London
256:
255:
252:
251:
241:
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238:
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227:
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219:
218:
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175:
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157:
146:
142:
141:
138:
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131:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
99:parish in the
94:
88:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
42:
36:
35:
33:
29:
28:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
916:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
843:
826:
820:
817:
805:
801:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
776:
774:
768:
765:
759:
756:
752:
746:
743:
739:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
702:
701:McIntosh 1986
697:
694:
690:
689:McIntosh 1986
685:
682:
677:
670:
668:
664:
651:
645:
643:
641:
637:
630:
628:
626:
622:
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598:
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586:
582:
578:
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566:
558:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Romford Urban
498:
493:
491:
487:
485:
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
443:
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436:
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412:
407:
405:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
380:
376:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
355:Domesday Book
352:
348:
344:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
319:Domesday Book
311:
306:
304:
302:
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195:
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177:Court House,
176:
173:
170: •
163:
155:
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139:
136:
132:
122:
112:
102:
98:
95:
86:
78:
74:
65:
57:
53:
43:
34:
22:
19:
866:
854:
829:. Retrieved
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:
793:
785:
781:
772:
767:
758:
745:
732:
724:
720:
712:
708:
696:
684:
675:
654:. Retrieved
569:River Thames
562:
538:
500:
494:
481:
479:
472:
451:
449:
411:Romford Town
408:
397:
372:
341:
323:
317:
315:
271:and ancient
264:
260:
259:
205:Subdivisions
179:Market Place
113:12th century
18:
809:15 February
703:, p. 1
691:, p. 8
581:South Weald
503:formed the
475:Grey Towers
446:Replacement
419:Collier Row
415:Harold Wood
349:hundred of
324:-atte-Bower
269:royal manor
156:(1465–1892)
149:Royal manor
123:1 July 1892
878:Categories
831:11 January
631:References
617:River Beam
529:Wennington
394:Governance
297:Hornchurch
236:Hornchurch
161:Government
97:Hornchurch
63:Population
609:Becontree
601:Navestock
597:Lambourne
585:Upminster
559:Geography
521:Upminster
439:South End
435:North End
423:Noak Hill
359:the Crown
347:Becontree
338:Formation
181:, Romford
865:(1991).
853:(1986).
804:Sky News
656:21 March
613:Dagenham
577:Chafford
468:justices
458:and the
427:Havering
384:taxation
312:Toponymy
293:Havering
267:, was a
261:Havering
103:of Essex
24:Havering
844:Sources
589:Rainham
525:Cranham
517:Rainham
375:liberty
353:in the
307:History
301:Romford
273:liberty
230:Romford
154:Liberty
84:History
623:. The
535:Legacy
527:, and
452:ad hoc
437:, and
425:, and
145:Status
593:Ongar
565:Erith
351:Essex
135:Essex
75:6,812
833:2008
811:2024
658:2008
603:and
587:and
543:and
299:and
32:Area
531:.
279:in
880::
802:.
666:^
639:^
599:,
583:,
523:,
519:,
515:,
433:,
421:,
417:,
413:,
373:A
303:.
295:,
172:HQ
835:.
813:.
678:.
660:.
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